Hey Dude is an American Western comedy series that aired on Nickelodeon from July 14, 1989, to August 30, 1991, consisting of 65 half-hour episodes produced over five seasons.
116-478: The series, aimed primarily towards a teenage audience, is set on the fictional "Bar None Dude Ranch" near the city of Tucson, Arizona . It portrays the lives of the ranch owner, his son, a female ranch hand, and four teenage summer employees. Ben Ernst, a divorced , good-natured, somewhat bumbling father from New Jersey , bought the Bar None Dude Ranch seeking escape from his high-pressure job as
232-481: A New York City accountant. His son, Buddy, is displeased with the change of environment, primarily because he is unable to use his skateboard on the desert sand. In Season 1 of the series, the teenage staff consisted of two boys and two girls: Ted, an enterprising troublemaker; Danny, an easy-going Hopi teenager and Ted's best friend; girl-next-door Melody; and Brad, a rich girl from Grosse Pointe, Michigan . Though Brad often wears dressy designer outfits at work, she
348-466: A 20th Anniversary set and have continued to put out box sets of episodes never before released on DVD. In 2009, Shout! reached another milestone when it struck a deal with toy and board game company Hasbro , releasing the original Transformers and G.I. Joe animated-series box sets. That same year, it released the first My Little Pony DVD, My Little Pony: Twinkle Wish Collection . Shout! continued to release several Hasbro properties, including
464-550: A Blu-Ray release of Pee-Wee's Playhouse and The Jeffersons . On May 8, 2014, Shout! announced their acquisition of the rights to WKRP in Cincinnati , with the intention of restoring all four seasons of the show "complete" (i.e. complete as legally possible) with their original musical scores. The 2014 release was a monumental event for fans of the show since the original DVD release in 2007 had been mired in squabbles regarding music rights. That same year, Shout! became
580-414: A continued decrease in subcutaneous fat and an obviously harder and more angular body form. Pubic hair distribution appears more adult but has not yet spread to the medial area of the thighs. The penis and scrotum are near adult size. Stage IV for boys, which occurs anywhere from 15 to 24 months after stage III, is difficult to pinpoint. At this time, the spurt of growth in height ends. There is facial hair on
696-579: A deal with Sesame Workshop to distribute the Sesame Street home video library, taking over from Warner Bros. Home Entertainment . In February 2021, Shout! Factory made a deal with animation studio Laika to release their films on home entertainment in the US. This deal includes Laika's first four films, originally released by Focus Features , as well as brand new bonus material and packaging for each release. In February 2022, Shout! Factory acquired
812-401: A deeper voice and larger Adam's apple in boys, and development of breasts and more curved and prominent hips in girls) and a strong shift in hormonal balance towards an adult state. This is triggered by the pituitary gland , which secretes a surge of hormonal agents into the blood stream, initiating a chain reaction. The male and female gonads are thereby activated, which puts them into
928-464: A distribution deal formed by the two companies. Retropolis Entertainment was founded in April 2002 by Bob Emmer, Garson Foos, and Richard Foos, three principals from Rhino Records , as the company was negotiating with the five majors for distribution. After selling Rhino to Warner Bros. , the three set out to launch a new retro pop culture label. The company's first product was Red, White & Rock ,
1044-480: A fairly regular sequence. The first places to grow are the extremities—the head, hands and feet—followed by the arms and legs, then the torso and shoulders. This non-uniform growth is one reason why an adolescent body may seem out of proportion. During puberty, bones become harder and more brittle. At the conclusion of puberty, the ends of the long bones close during the process called epiphysis . There can be ethnic differences in these skeletal changes. For example, in
1160-453: A friend's or parent's assumptions. Adolescents also develop a more sophisticated understanding of probability. The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate
1276-442: A girl is not fully fertile until several years after menarche, as regular ovulation follows menarche by about two years. Unlike males, therefore, females usually appear physically mature before they are capable of becoming pregnant. Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of
SECTION 10
#17327915630351392-563: A great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions. The behavioral decision-making theory proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh
1508-566: A growth rate nearly identical to that of a toddler—about 10.3 cm (4 inches) per year for males and 9 cm (3.5 inches) per year for females. In addition to changes in height, adolescents also experience a significant increase in weight (Marshall, 1978). The weight gained during adolescence constitutes nearly half of one's adult body weight. Teenage and early adult males may continue to gain natural muscle growth even after puberty. The accelerated growth in different body parts happens at different times, but for all adolescents, it has
1624-528: A high-fat diet and who are not physically active begin menstruating earlier, on average, than girls whose diet contains less fat and whose activities involve fat reducing exercise (e.g. ballet and gymnastics). Girls who experience malnutrition or are in societies in which children are expected to perform physical labor also begin menstruating at later ages. The timing of puberty can have important psychological and social consequences. Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger than their friends. They have
1740-470: A horror label called Scream Factory, specializing in classic and cult horror films on discs such as Halloween II , Halloween III: Season of the Witch , They Live , The Howling , Lifeforce , Deadly Eyes , and others. The horror titles, both new and old, were licensed from major studios such as MGM , Fox , and Universal . In mid-June 2012, Shout! and Fred Seibert acquired Video Time Machine,
1856-491: A horror sub-label called Scream Factory, specializing in classic and cult horror films such as Halloween II , Halloween III: Season of the Witch , They Live , The Howling , Lifeforce , The Return of the Living Dead , and others being released to DVD and Blu-ray. In July 2020, Shout! Factory announced to have struck a multi-year deal with Alliance Entertainment and Mill Creek Entertainment that granted them
1972-505: A joint release with PBS station WQED-TV that was produced with Warner Strategic Marketing . In August 2002, Retropolis acquired Biograph Records . Other early releases included blues and jazz CDs from the Biograph label, a Fats Domino CD and DVD, and several documentaries ( Superstar: The Life And Times of Andy Warhol , What Happened To Kerouac? ). Retropolis was renamed Shout! Factory in April 2003. At that time, Shout had signed
2088-646: A lower resting heart rate, a greater capacity for carrying oxygen to the blood, a greater power for neutralizing the chemical products of muscular exercise, higher blood hemoglobin and more red blood cells". Despite some genetic sex differences, environmental factors play a large role in biological changes during adolescence. For example, girls tend to reduce their physical activity in preadolescence and may receive inadequate nutrition from diets that often lack important nutrients, such as iron. These environmental influences, in turn, affect female physical development. Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to
2204-457: A major role in character and personality formation. Biological changes in brain structure and connectivity within the brain interact with increased experience, knowledge, and changing social demands to produce rapid cognitive growth (see Changes in the brain above). The age at which particular changes take place varies between individuals, but the changes discussed below begin at puberty or shortly after that and some skills continue to develop as
2320-491: A minority stake in the company was taken by Cinedigm , while extending their home entertainment platform distribution agreement. Cinedigm and Shout would then relaunch the Factory's streaming service and cross market each other streaming services. On November 10, 2015, Shout! announced that it had acquired the rights to Mystery Science Theater 3000 from Best Brains Inc. and launched a "Bring Back MST3K" Kickstarter with
2436-410: A more sophisticated theory of mind . Adolescents reach a stage of social perspective-taking in which they can understand how the thoughts or actions of one person can influence those of another person, even if they personally are not involved. Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths. Through experience outside
SECTION 20
#17327915630352552-1061: A newfound priority in sexual attraction and dating, and risk-taking is required to impress potential mates. Research also indicates that baseline sensation seeking may affect risk-taking behavior throughout the lifespan. Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social risk. Aspects of adolescents' lives that are correlated with risky sexual behavior include higher rates of parental abuse, and lower rates of parental support and monitoring. Related to their increased tendency for risk-taking, adolescents show impaired behavioral inhibition, including deficits in extinction learning . This has important implications for engaging in risky behavior such as unsafe sex or illicit drug use, as adolescents are less likely to inhibit actions that may have negative outcomes in
2668-598: A notable broadening of the hips as well as an adult fat distribution. Additionally, breast development is complete and hair in both the pubic region and armpits (axillary hair) will be darker and more widespread. In comparison to girls, it can be tricky to define when exactly sexual development in boys begins. For boys, puberty typically takes around 5 years to finish, as opposed to just 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 years for girls (menarche). By this point in time, they have already experienced their growth spurt and there are evident changes in their body shape – wider hips and fat distribution
2784-492: A press and distribution agreement with Sony Music Entertainment . In 2004, Shout! released Freaks and Geeks on DVD, the first television series released on DVD for the company. With 18 episodes, it became one of the most expensive DVDs to produce, costing over a million dollars in music licensing. That same year, they released William Shatner's album Has Been and SCTV box sets. In 2004, Shout! Factory released an expanded two-disc version of Jim Croce 's first record,
2900-445: A process referred to as metacognition . It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective studying. It is also relevant in social cognition, resulting in increased introspection , self-consciousness , and intellectualization (in the sense of thought about one's own thoughts, rather than
3016-406: A specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 and 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of the cheeks, and the area under the lower lip. The hair eventually spreads to the sides and lower border of the chin, and
3132-442: A state of rapid growth and development; the triggered gonads now commence mass production of hormones. The testes primarily release testosterone , and the ovaries predominantly dispense estrogen . The production of these hormones increases gradually until sexual maturation is met. Some boys may develop gynecomastia due to an imbalance of sex hormones , tissue responsiveness or obesity . Facial hair in males normally appears in
3248-936: A typical aspect in maturing females. Because of their bodies' developing in advance, pubescent girls can become more insecure and dependent. Consequently, girls that reach sexual maturation early are more likely than their peers to develop eating disorders (such as anorexia nervosa ). Nearly half of all American high school girls' diets are to lose weight. In addition, girls may have to deal with sexual advances from older boys before they are emotionally and mentally mature. In addition to having earlier sexual experiences and more unwanted pregnancies than late maturing girls, early maturing girls are more exposed to alcohol and drug abuse . Those who have had such experiences tend to not perform as well in school as their "inexperienced" peers. Girls have usually reached full physical development around ages 15–17, while boys usually complete puberty around ages 16–17. Any increase in height beyond
3364-452: A willingness to take risks, teenagers would not have the motivation or confidence necessary to leave their family of origin. In addition, from a population perspective, there is an advantage to having a group of individuals willing to take more risks and try new methods, counterbalancing the more conservative elements more typical of the received knowledge held by older adults. Risk-taking may also have reproductive advantages: adolescents have
3480-601: A year and genre media-based iOS app, from Original Victories Inc. In July 2013, Shout! Factory acquired the U.S. and Canadian distribution rights to the ITC Entertainment library as part of a deal with ITV Studios Global Entertainment . In 2014, the success Shout! was having with complete-series box sets of such series as All in the Family , Route 66 , and Barney Miller extended to such properties as The Bob Newhart Show , Hill Street Blues , and
3596-412: Is spermarche , the first ejaculation , which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche , the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless of genes, a girl must have a certain proportion of body fat to attain menarche. Consequently, girls who have
Hey Dude - Misplaced Pages Continue
3712-597: Is 10–11 for girls and 11–12 for boys. Every person's individual timetable for puberty is influenced primarily by heredity , although environmental factors, such as diet and exercise, also exert some influences. These factors can also contribute to precocious and delayed puberty . Some of the most significant parts of pubertal development involve distinctive physiological changes in individuals' height, weight, body composition, and circulatory and respiratory systems. These changes are largely influenced by hormonal activity. Hormones play an organizational role, priming
3828-457: Is Lucy, a tough, authoritative ranch hand. She is sometimes viewed as a mother figure to the teens and they often ask her for advice. Each episode begins with a cold open that usually ends with a pun. After that, the show's logo appears over the end of the cold open. Each character is then introduced as a horseshoe flips, followed again by the show's logo, after which the opening sequence fades out. Each episode ends with an instrumental version of
3944-465: Is a competent horse rider. Her love-hate relationship with Ted is a plot thread during the first half of the series. After David Lascher left the show during Season 3 in 1990, Ted was replaced by Ernst's nephew Jake, an eccentric slacker who likes to play the drums. Not long after, Kyle, a somewhat dim but handsome cowboy type, joined the ranch. When Ted returned to the show, he and Kyle became romantic rivals for Brad. The show's only other featured adult
4060-590: Is a difficult task due to multiple factors such as family life, environment, and social status. Empirical studies suggest that this process might be more accurately described as identity development , rather than formation, but confirms a normative process of change in both content and structure of one's thoughts about the self. The two main aspects of identity development are self-clarity and self-esteem. Since choices made during adolescent years can influence later life, high levels of self-awareness and self-control during mid-adolescence will lead to better decisions during
4176-451: Is a stage in the adolescent life cycle. For most, the search for identity begins in the adolescent years. During these years, adolescents are more open to 'trying on' different behaviours and appearances to discover who they are. In an attempt to find their identity and discover who they are, adolescents are likely to cycle through a number of identities to find one that suits them best. Developing and maintaining identity (in adolescent years)
4292-504: Is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority ). Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier or end later. Puberty typically begins during preadolescence , particularly in females. Physical growth (particularly in males) and cognitive development can extend past
4408-464: Is an American home video and music distributor founded in 2002 as Retropolis Entertainment . Its video releases, issued in DVD or Blu-ray format, include previously released feature films, classic and contemporary television series, animation, live music, and comedy specials. Considered a boutique Blu-ray label , Shout! Studios, in addition to its mainline home video releases, also releases films under
4524-455: Is an excitatory neurotransmitter. During the synaptic pruning that occurs during adolescence, most of the neural connections that are pruned contain receptors for glutamate or other excitatory neurotransmitters. Because of this, by early adulthood the synaptic balance in the brain is more inhibitory than excitatory. Dopamine is associated with pleasure and attuning to the environment during decision-making. During adolescence, dopamine levels in
4640-464: Is constructed via the choices and actions of an individual within the context of their historical period and social network. In 1984, the Society for Research on Adolescence (SRA) became the first official organization dedicated to the study of adolescent psychology. Some of the issues first addressed by this group include: the nature versus nurture debate as it pertains to adolescence; understanding
4756-471: Is involved in decision making and cognitive control, as well as other higher cognitive functions. During adolescence, myelination and synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex increases, improving the efficiency of information processing, and neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and other regions of the brain are strengthened. This leads to better evaluation of risks and rewards, as well as improved control over impulses. Specifically, developments in
Hey Dude - Misplaced Pages Continue
4872-545: Is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning , which leads to the development of hypothetical thinking. This provides the ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action and to provide alternative explanations of events. It also makes adolescents more skilled debaters, as they can reason against
4988-410: Is more adult-like. Breast development will also be completed by this stage. In boys, four stages in development can be correlated with the curve of general body growth at adolescence. The initial sign of sexual maturation in boys usually is the "fat spurt". The maturing boy gains weight and becomes almost chubby, with a somewhat feminine fat distribution. This probably occurs because estrogen production by
5104-418: Is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex. Adolescence is a time of rapid cognitive development. Piaget describes adolescence as the stage of life in which the individual's thoughts start taking more of an abstract form and the egocentric thoughts decrease, allowing
5220-425: Is shaped by the period and location in which they grow up. The principle of the importance of timing in one's life refers to the different impact that life events have on development based on when in one's life they occur. The idea of linked lives states that one's development is shaped by the interconnected network of relationships of which one is a part and the principle of human agency asserts that one's life course
5336-428: Is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget , it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The second is the information-processing perspective , which derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of
5452-614: The Beetleborgs , Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation , Power Rangers and VR Troopers catalogs. It also started releasing titles by Marvel ( Super Hero Squad Show , Marvel Knights ). In the same month, the company acquired Oregon-based home entertainment company Timeless Media Group , adding more programs to its expanding catalog, such as The Red Skelton Show , Peter Gunn , The Gene Autry Show , The Virginian , Wagon Train , Laramie , and The Roy Rogers Show , among others. In June 2012, Shout! Factory announced
5568-569: The Facets album . In 2004, Shout! purchased the rights to the animated series Home Movies and released each season set, and ultimately a complete series box. Other notable releases included a pair of The Electric Company multidisc sets, the re-envisioned Herb Alpert 's Whipped Cream & Other Delights Rewhipped , a series of Elvira's Movie Macabre DVDs and the first of what would be three cover CDs with Matthew Sweet and Susanna Hoffs , called Under The Covers Vol. 1 ; Sweet himself
5684-536: The American Psychological Association have shown that adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more difficult time developing their identity. The idea of self-concept is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent and stable. Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments,
5800-531: The Great Depression and World War II , unique historical circumstances under which a generation of children grew up. The Oakland Growth Study, initiated by Harold Jones and Herbert Stolz in 1931, aimed to study the physical, intellectual, and social development of children in the Oakland area. Data collection began in 1932 and continued until 1981, allowing the researchers to gather longitudinal data on
5916-572: The New Horizons film library from its founder Roger Corman ; Shout! will distribute this catalogue in North America, Europe, Russia and Australia. Shout! also expanded its U.S. and Canadian distribution deal with ITV Studios Global Entertainment to cover over 135 films and TV series from ITV's library, with the exception of select titles that FilmRise distributed for streaming media, including Hell's Kitchen . In August, Shout! struck
SECTION 50
#17327915630356032-401: The limbic system increase and input of dopamine to the prefrontal cortex increases. The balance of excitatory to inhibitory neurotransmitters and increased dopamine activity in adolescence may have implications for adolescent risk-taking and vulnerability to boredom (see Cognitive development below). Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in
6148-475: The sex organs . In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles , the prostate , and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys
6264-656: The Actors Studio hitting shelves. Meanwhile, they also started releasing Mickey Hart 's catalogs. In March 2008, Shout! bought the Hightone Records catalog and added artists Tom Russell , Joe Ely , and Rosie Flores to its brand. At the same time, the company was ramping up its place as a children's animation destination and continuing with a TV on DVD schedule. It took over the Mystery Science Theater 3000 DVD series and released
6380-458: The British pediatrician who devised the categorization system. The human brain is not finished developing by the time a person reaches puberty, or even finishes it. The frontal lobe of the brain has been known to shape itself well into one's 30s. Neuroscientists often cannot agree precisely on when this developmental period ends or if there is an exact age for the end of brain development. Below
6496-567: The Freudian definition as a defense mechanism). Adolescents are much better able than children to understand that people do not have complete control over their mental activity. Being able to introspect may lead to two forms of adolescent egocentrism, which results in two distinct problems in thinking: the imaginary audience and the personal fable . These likely peak at age fifteen, along with self-consciousness in general. Related to metacognition and abstract thought , perspective-taking involves
6612-481: The Leydig cells in the testes is stimulated before the more abundant Sertoli cells begin to produce significant amounts of testosterone. During this stage, boys may appear obese and somewhat awkward physically. Approximately 1 year after the scrotum begins to increase in size, stage II can be seen. During this time, there is a redistribution of subcutaneous fat and the start of pubic hair growth. Following 8 to 12 months of
6728-685: The US distribution rights to the TV series ALF , including its animated prequel series and its spin-off ALF Tales from Alien Productions and Lionsgate . On August 9, 2022, Shout! Factory signed a worldwide distribution deal with The Jim Henson Company to bring thirteen of Henson's programs and specials to home entertainment and streaming platforms in all territories, including Farscape and The Storyteller . A similar worldwide distribution agreement with Henson went into effect on January 1, 2024 for streaming, video on demand, broadcast, digital download, packaged media and certain non-theatrical rights for
6844-709: The United States, bone density increases significantly more among black than white adolescents, which might account for decreased likelihood of black women developing osteoporosis and having fewer bone fractures there. Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat,
6960-956: The Were-Rabbit ), Shaun the Sheep and Timmy Time . Eight days later, the company announced its rebranding to Shout! Studios to match with its film distribution division. On May 2, 2024, Shout! Studios took over the US distribution rights to Tatsunoko Production 's 1967 anime Speed Racer from Crunchyroll , which began with the digital release of the original television series of the same name and its Japanese-language version on June 1st of that year. As of 2024 , Shout! Factory has agreements with Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment , Paramount Home Entertainment , Universal Pictures Home Entertainment , MGM , Sony Pictures Home Entertainment , Hasbro Entertainment , GKIDS , Eleven Arts , Sesame Workshop , IFC Films , ITV Studios , Major League Baseball , Motion Picture Corporation of America ,
7076-558: The ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once. As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self-descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves by physical traits whereas adolescents define themselves based on their values, thoughts, and opinions. Shout! Factory Shout! Factory, LLC , doing business as Shout! Studios (formerly doing business as Shout! Factory , its current legal name)
SECTION 60
#17327915630357192-516: The adolescent ages. The dual systems model proposes a maturational imbalance between development of the socioemotional system and cognitive control systems in the brain that contribute to impulsivity and other behaviors characteristic of adolescence. Some studies like the ABCD Study are researching on the baseline of adolescent cognitive development. There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One
7308-480: The advantage in capturing the attention of potential partners and in being picked first for sports. Pubescent boys often tend to have a good body image, are more confident, secure, and more independent. Late maturing boys can be less confident because of poor body image when comparing themselves to already developed friends and peers. However, early puberty is not always positive for boys; early sexual maturation in boys can be accompanied by increased aggressiveness due to
7424-432: The age of about roughly 30, the human brain has been implicated in human behavior and social immaturity. However, there has been no empirical study indicating a causal relationship with the development of the prefrontal cortex in adolescence and into early adulthood with any irrational behaviors. The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by six years of age. Thus, the brain does not grow in size much during adolescence. Over
7540-422: The beginning of rapid growth, there is the development of breast buds and pubic hair. The peak period of physical growth occurs approximately one year later in concert with stage two of sexual maturity. Approximately 1 to 1.6 years after the onset of secondary sex characteristics, girls enter into the third stage which typically includes menarche. By this time, they will have finished their growth spurt and experience
7656-435: The body to behave in a certain way once puberty begins, and an active role, referring to changes in hormones during adolescence that trigger behavioral and physical changes. Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example,
7772-399: The brain are noted to be mature by 14 or 15, making 'maturity' hard to define and has often been disagreed with. Prefrontal cortex pruning has been recorded to level off by age 14 or 15, and has been seen to continue as late as into the sixth decade of life. White matter is recorded to increase up until around the age of 45, and then it is lost via progressive aging. Adolescents' thinking
7888-552: The broadcast and home media distribution rights for the first three Digimon Adventure tri. films with plans for a dual-language release on DVD and Blu-ray. On May 18, Shout! Factory acquired the North American distribution rights to In This Corner of the World , with a U.S. theatrical release to take place on August 11, 2017, co-released by Funimation Films . In October 2017, it was revealed that Shout! Factory would be
8004-506: The chin and the upper lip, adult distribution and color of pubic and axillary hair, and a further increase in muscular strength. The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones , and androgens . Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the time of most rapid growth), adolescents grow at
8120-473: The course of adolescence, the amount of white matter in the brain increases linearly, while the amount of grey matter in the brain follows an inverted-U pattern. Through a process called synaptic pruning , unnecessary neuronal connections in the brain are eliminated and the amount of grey matter is pared down. However, this does not mean that the brain loses functionality; rather, it becomes more efficient due to increased myelination (insulation of axons) and
8236-403: The dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field
8352-463: The distributor for GKIDS ' re-releases of Studio Ghibli films formerly owned by Disney in the US (although Disney has the Asian (including Japan/China/Taiwan) distribution rights themselves, thus replacing the titles' original Japanese theatrical distributors such as Toho , Toei and Shochiku ); afterwards, Shout! began distributing other GKIDS films. On November 13, 2017, Shout! Factory announced
8468-454: The distributor of Super Sentai in North America. Beginning the following year, Shout! released Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger under the name "Super Sentai Zyuranger: The Complete Series" with English subtitles. . In October, Shout! acquired Westchester Films, an independent film company whose library includes the films of John Cassavetes , Elia Kazan , and Orson Welles , as well as some early United Artists films that were previously owned by
8584-443: The domestic rights to the entire library of Morgan Creek Productions (with the exception of the original Young Guns , which is still owned by Lionsgate , successor to the film's international distributor, Vestron Pictures ). On January 10, 2017, Shout Factory acquired the worldwide television format and ancillary rights to Starcade with plans to reboot the series. On January 17, Shout! Factory announced their acquisition of
8700-408: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are important for controlling impulses and planning ahead, while development in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is important for decision making. Changes in the orbitofrontal cortex are important for evaluating rewards and risks. Three neurotransmitters that play important roles in adolescent brain development are glutamate , dopamine and serotonin . Glutamate
8816-680: The estate of Stephen J. Cannell , The Jim Henson Company , Alien Productions, Library Rights Company (UK), Ltd., the Zelus Film Holding Company (including the Intermedia and Largo Entertainment libraries), Satellite of Love, StudioCanal , Toei Animation , Toei Company , Laika , Aardman Animations and Tatsunoko Production . Releases under these agreements have included the complete Joss Whedon/John Cassaday series of Astonishing X-Men , plus Thor & Loki: Blood Brothers and Iron Man: Extremis on DVD and Blu-ray;
8932-774: The exclusive SVOD and AVOD digital rights to the Ultra series , 1,100 episodes and 20 films acquired by Mill Creek the previous year. Shout! Factory will stream the catalogue in the United States and Canada through their services, Shout! TV and TokuSHOUTsu. In 2012, Shout! Factory acquired Oregon-based home entertainment company Timeless Media Group , adding programs to its ever-expanding catalog: The Red Skelton Show , Peter Gunn , The Gene Autry Show , The Virginian , Wagon Train , Laramie , and The Roy Rogers Show , among others. Shout! Factory also acquired blues/roots label HighTone Records and continued to oversee its back catalog until 2016 when Concord Bicycle Music bought
9048-586: The family circle, they learn that rules they were taught as absolute are in fact relativistic. They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make. This can lead to a period of questioning authority in all domains. Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (alcohol consumption and drug use, reckless or distracted driving, unprotected sex),
9164-803: The films Labyrinth and The Dark Crystal , as well as behind the scenes specials Inside the Labyrinth and The World of the Dark Crystal . Shout! Factory obtained digital distribution and streaming rights to 189 titles from the Halcyon Studios division of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment on March 27, 2023. On July 6, 2023, Shout! Factory announced that it had signed a North American distribution deal with Aardman Animations covering four of Aardman's properties: Morph , Wallace and Gromit (except The Curse of
9280-401: The films' producers. IFC Midnight signed with Scream Factory by February 2015 for home distribution. On February 5, 2015, Shout! Factory launched its flagship TV ad-supported streaming services online and via Roku. Available shows and movies included 16 Werner Herzog films, Roger Corman cult films and TV shows including Father Knows Best and It's Garry Shandling's Show . In June,
9396-403: The first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation. Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance. In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche , the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally,
9512-501: The formation of Shout! Studios, a production and distribution arm that specializes in content development. The first films to be distributed under the new banner include Humor Me , Big Fish & Begonia (partnering with Funimation Films again for theatrical distribution ) The House of Tomorrow , and Basmati Blues , all slated for a 2018 premiere. In addition to film projects, Shout! Studios will also develop original television productions. In March 2018, Shout! Factory acquired
9628-425: The future. This phenomenon also has consequences for behavioral treatments based on the principle of extinction, such as cue exposure therapy for anxiety or drug addiction. It has been suggested that impaired inhibition, specifically extinction, may help to explain adolescent propensity to relapse to drug-seeking even following behavioral treatment for addiction. The formal study of adolescent psychology began with
9744-480: The goal of producing up to 12 new feature-length episodes of the series, with series creator Joel Hodgson serving as executive producer. In January 2016, Concord Bicycle Music bought the Hightone from the company. The same year, Shout! Factory had released The Crush of 1993 under subsidiary brand Scream Factory and Long Way North . The following year, Shout! (via its Westchester Films division) acquired
9860-650: The increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance. Pubertal development also affects circulatory and respiratory systems as an adolescents' heart and lungs increase in both size and capacity. These changes lead to increased strength and tolerance for exercise. Sex differences are apparent as males tend to develop "larger hearts and lungs, higher systolic blood pressure,
9976-430: The individual to think and reason in a wider perspective. A combination of behavioural and fMRI studies have demonstrated development of executive functions , that is, cognitive skills that enable the control and coordination of thoughts and behaviour, which are generally associated with the prefrontal cortex . The thoughts, ideas and concepts developed at this period of life greatly influence one's future life, playing
10092-586: The individuals that extended past adolescence into adulthood. Jean Macfarlane launched the Berkeley Guidance Study, which examined the development of children in terms of their socioeconomic and family backgrounds. These studies provided the background for Glen Elder in the 1960s to propose a life course perspective of adolescent development. Elder formulated several descriptive principles of adolescent development. The principle of historical time and place states that an individual's development
10208-417: The interactions between adolescents and their environment; and considering culture, social groups, and historical context when interpreting adolescent behavior. Evolutionary biologists like Jeremy Griffith have drawn parallels between adolescent psychology and the developmental evolution of modern humans from hominid ancestors as a manifestation of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny . Identity development
10324-430: The limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic system make adolescents more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stress. The corresponding increase in emotional variability also can increase adolescents' vulnerability. The effect of serotonin
10440-532: The lives of ranch staff, with cast members often recalling pranks and colleagues from previous summers. The first season of Hey Dude became available for download from the iTunes Store on July 29, 2008. The second season of Hey Dude became available for download from the iTunes Store in August 2010. The third season of Hey Dude became available for download from the iTunes Store on November 29, 2011 (only containing 12 out of 13 episodes). All five seasons of
10556-635: The original Transformers , G.I. Joe , Jem and My Little Pony cartoons, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic , Power Rangers , VR Troopers , Sesame Street , Super Sentai , Kamen Rider , some Nickelodeon series like Rocko's Modern Life , Hey Arnold! , The Wild Thornberrys , CatDog , Danny Phantom , Hey Dude , The Angry Beavers , Aaahh!!! Real Monsters , The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius (under license from Paramount Home Entertainment ), and Gravity Falls (under license from Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment ). In mid-2012, Shout! Factory announced
10672-407: The peak velocity in height gain, stage III ensues. This period is marked by an obvious widenening of hips with a more adult-like fat distribution and full development of the breasts. All together, these three stages culminate in a complete growth spurt for most individuals. At this time, axillary hair appears and facial hair appears on the upper lip only. A spurt in muscle growth also occurs, along with
10788-417: The post-pubertal age is uncommon. Girls attain reproductive maturity about four years after the first physical changes of puberty appear. In contrast, boys develop more slowly but continue to grow for about six years after the first visible pubertal changes. The physical development of girls during their teenage years can be broken down into three distinct stages. At the start, which generally coincides with
10904-486: The potential rewards and consequences of an action. However, research has shown that adolescents seem to give more weight to rewards, particularly social rewards, than do adults. Research seems to favor the hypothesis that adolescents and adults think about risk in similar ways, but hold different values and thus come to different conclusions. Some have argued that there may be evolutionary benefits to an increased propensity for risk-taking in adolescence. For example, without
11020-489: The publication of G. Stanley Hall 's Adolescence in 1904. Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association , defined adolescence to be the period of life from ages 14 to 24, and viewed it primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval ( sturm und drang ). This understanding of youth was based on two then-new ways of understanding human behavior : Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory . He believed that adolescence
11136-421: The reduction of unused pathways. The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significant changes in the brain occur in the prefrontal cortex, which
11252-477: The rest of the lower face to form a full beard. As with most human biological processes, this specific order may vary among some individuals. Facial hair is often present in late adolescence, around ages 17 and 18, but may not appear until significantly later. Some men do not develop full facial hair for 10 years after puberty. Facial hair continues to get coarser, much darker, and thicker for another 2–4 years after puberty. The major landmark of puberty for males
11368-469: The rights to talk show host Dick Cavett 's library and started releasing theme sets focused on rock icons, Ray Charles (including all his visits to the show), John Lennon and Yoko Ono , and others. They also jumped into children's animation with a deal with DIC Entertainment . C.O.P.S. The Animated Series and Heathcliff And the Catillac Cats were the first releases from that deal. On
11484-608: The series My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic , until January 1, 2019, when it released its last DVD for that series, Hearts and Hooves . In 2011, Shout! Factory made another landmark deal when they struck a deal with Nickelodeon to release the live action sitcom Hey Dude and the animated Nicktoons Rocko's Modern Life , Aaahh!!! Real Monsters , Hey Arnold! , The Angry Beavers , CatDog , The Wild Thornberrys , The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius , and Danny Phantom . In May 2012, Shout! Factory signed an agreement with Saban Brands to distribute
11600-480: The series are available for purchase as DVD or streaming episodes through Amazon.com . On April 11, 2011, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series. They subsequently released the entire series on DVD in Region 1. The fourth season was released on DVD as a Shout Select title, available exclusively through Shout Factory's website and select Amazon.com sellers. The fifth and final season
11716-700: The show's theme song while the credits roll over stills from the episode. David Lascher and Joe Torres were nominated for a 1991 Young Artist Award in the Best Youth Variety or Game Show category for their roles on Hey Dude . Hey Dude was videotaped on location at the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch in Tucson, Arizona . The show was produced by Cinetel Productions . Casting began in 1988 with local auditions held in Tucson. Josh Tygiel, who
11832-415: The sports side, they entered into a licensing deal with Major League Baseball , releasing themed and World Series DVDs through 2010 and then again from 2016 till present. By 2007, classic TV on DVD was a major focus, with season sets of Blossom McHale's Navy and Ironside , an authorized collection of The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet , and themed and actor-specific editions of Inside
11948-416: The sublabels Scream Factory (for horror film releases), Shout! Select, and Shout! Kids. Shout! Studios owns and operates Westchester Films, Timeless Media Group, Biograph Records , Majordomo Records , and Video Time Machine. Their releases are currently distributed by Studio Distribution Services , a joint venture between Universal Pictures Home Entertainment and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment , via
12064-532: The surge of hormones that affect them. Because they appear older than their peers, pubescent boys may face increased social pressure to conform to adult norms; society may view them as more emotionally advanced, despite the fact that their cognitive and social development may lag behind their appearance. Studies have shown that early maturing boys are more likely to be sexually active and are more likely to participate in risky behaviors. For girls, early maturation can sometimes lead to increased self-consciousness,
12180-470: The teens. Age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have not agreed upon a precise definition. Some definitions start as early as 10 and end as late as 30. The World Health Organization definition officially designates an adolescent as someone between the ages of 10 and 19. Puberty is a period of several years in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur, culminating in sexual maturity. The average age of onset of puberty
12296-418: The thinking process. By the time individuals have reached ages 12–14 or so their critical thinking and decision-making competency are comparable to those of adults. These improvements occur in five areas during adolescence: Studies newer than 2005 indicate that the brain is changing in efficiency well past its twenties, a 'point of maturity' in the twenties is somewhat arbitrary as many important parts of
12412-555: The transition to adulthood. Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem. The years of adolescence create a more conscientious group of young adults. Adolescents pay close attention and give more time and effort to their appearance as their body goes through changes. Unlike children, teens put forth an effort to look presentable (1991). The environment in which an adolescent grows up also plays an important role in their identity development. Studies done by
12528-448: The voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the areolae, and elevation of the nipples. The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages , named after
12644-492: The ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm . (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, fairness, and honesty. A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself,
12760-428: Was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on
12876-599: Was also added as a featured solo artist. Shout! acquired the rights to several other television series like Punky Brewster , The Weird Al Show , and America's Funniest Home Videos . In 2005, Shout! Factory obtained the rights to Herb Alpert's catalog, launching the Herb Alpert Signature Series of CDs. These included The Lonely Bull , South of the Border , Lost Treasures , Whipped Cream & Other Delights and others. They also got
12992-423: Was cast as protagonist Buddy Ernst, was one of 120 Tucson-area boys who auditioned for the series. Joe Torres was cast as Danny Lightfoot after auditioning in Tucson for the role. While most of the show was technically shot on the property of the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch, the familiar "ranch" that was known to television viewers was actually built from scratch roughly a mile away from the main public areas. This
13108-502: Was done so ranch guests would not be bothered by the production and to create buildings with a more "western" look, which was not offered by the relatively modern and luxurious Tanque Verde. The main lodge, boys and girls bunks, guest lodge (which doubled as cast dressing rooms) and the stable were all built specifically for the production. After the show ended production, the buildings were abandoned and several are still standing to this day, albeit in much disrepair. The swimming pool that
13224-418: Was frequently used on the show is the main pool for the Tanque Verde Guest Ranch and is still in use by guests. The set is located at 32°14′26″N 110°41′24″W / 32.24056°N 110.69000°W / 32.24056; -110.69000 , about fifteen miles east of Tucson, Arizona. The series ran for 65 episodes over two years from 1989 to 1991. Each season take place over the course of one summer in
13340-580: Was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them. Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley 's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological personalities. The studies looked at human development during
13456-593: Was released on July 16, 2013, also as a Shout Select title. On March 10, 2015, Shout! released Hey Dude: The Complete Series on DVD as a Walmart exclusive in full screen format. It is also available through Amazon.com. On May 9, 2017, the complete series was re-released as a general retail release. On March 24, 2021, the series (with the exception of "They're Back" from Season 4) was added to Paramount+ . ♦—Shout! Factory Exclusives title, sold exclusively through Shout's online store Teenager Adolescence (from Latin adolescere 'to mature')
#34965