Bara Venecija ( Serbian Cyrillic : Бара Венеција ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade , the capital of Serbia . It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Savski Venac , along the right bank of the Sava river .
113-575: Bara Venecija is located on the right bank of the Sava river, roughly between the Old Sava bridge and Branko's Bridge some 700–800 meters (0.4–0.5 mi) west of Terazije , downtown Belgrade. It is basically a small sub-neighborhood of the Savamala , which used to cover much larger area. The area was originally a bog called Ciganska Bara ( Serbian Cyrillic : Циганска бара , "Gypsy pond"). The bog
226-530: A cost of 800 million euros. The four power plants will have an installed capacity of 122 megawatts and an annual production capacity of 610 gigawatt-hours. Use of water for public water supply in the Sava River basin is estimated at 783,000,000 cubic metres (2.77 × 10 cubic feet) per year, and another 289,000,000 cubic metres (1.02 × 10 cubic feet) of water per year is used for industrial production purposes. Use of water for agriculture in
339-485: A major freight forwarder and logistics company. The industrial complex was placed under the state protection. By the 2010s, "Jugošped" collapsed. Strong wind blew away part of the tin roof in the late 2019. When Institute for the protection of the cultural monuments wanted to contact the owner to fix it, all possible proprietors and leaseholders, including those named as such in the official papers (companies "Jugošped" and "Zepter", City of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia) denied
452-596: A new, proper factory as the business expanded. He built a modern factory between the Senjak neighborhood and the Sava river from 1921 to 1924. Designed by Karl Hanisch, the Cardboard Factory of Milan Vapa [ sr ] was located next to the Old Railway Bridge , had its own pier, water pump, power plant and railway branch, electric crane, ambulance, chapel. The paper mill was equipped with
565-592: A part of European route E70 Bordeaux – Turin –Ljubljana–Zagreb–Belgrade– Bucharest , and the European route E61 Villach –Ljubljana– Trieste – Rijeka . A largely double track and electrifried railway is also a part of the Corridor X. The railway was a part of the Simplon-Orient-Express and Direct-Orient-Express routes. The navigable river course between Belgrade and Galdovo north of Sisak
678-524: A population of 1,639,121. Zagreb is the second largest city on the river, comprising population of 688,163 living in the city itself, and 802,588 in the city-administered area. Together with the Zagreb County, largely corresponding to various definitions of the city's metropolitan area, it has a combined population of 1,110,517. Ljubljana is the third-largest city on the banks of the Sava, encompassing
791-604: A population of 258,873 living in the city itself and 265,881 in the city-governed area. The largest city of Bosnia-Herzegovina on the river is Brčko, whose urban population is estimated at 40,000. Other cities along the river, with populations of 20,000 and larger, are Slavonski Brod (53,473), Šabac (52,822), Sremska Mitrovica (37,586), Kranj (35,587), Sisak (33,049), Obrenovac (24,568), and Bosanska Gradiška (est. 20,000). [REDACTED] Belgrade [REDACTED] Zagreb [REDACTED] Ljubljana [REDACTED] Slavonski Brod The Sava River basin covers
904-623: A range of facilities for swimming, water sports and cycling. The island of Ada Ciganlija in Belgrade is the major recreational zone of the city, gathering as many as 100,000 visitors daily in the summer months. The Sava River is the site of several regattas . Those include the International Sava Tour rowing regatta taking place between Zagreb and Brčko, and the Belgrade Regatta ( sailing regatta). The river
1017-799: A role. The Sava River basin is very significant because of its biological diversity , and it contains large alluvial wetlands and lowland forests. This led to the designation of six protected areas under provisions of the Ramsar Convention by the countries in the basin. Those are Lake Cerknica in Slovenia, Lonjsko Polje and Crna Mlaka in Croatia, Lake Bardača in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Obedska and Zasavica bogs in Serbia. There are several sports and recreational grounds on
1130-699: A short losing stream flowing nearby, is the source of Zelenci Pools water. The Sava Dolinka is considered the Sava's initial, 45-kilometre (28 mi) segment. The Sava Bohinjka originates in Ribčev Laz , at the confluence of the Jezernica , a short watercourse flowing out from Lake Bohinj and the Mostnica River. Some sources define the Jezernica as a part of the Sava Bohinjka, specifying
1243-602: A source of water for industrial use, but also as the mainstay of aquatic ecosystems . There are 41 identified significant groundwater bodies in the Sava River basin of basin-wide importance, ranging in area size from 97 to 5,186 square kilometres (37 to 2,002 square miles), as well as numerous minor ground water bodies. Even though most of them are transboundary waters , eleven are considered to be largely in Slovenia, fourteen in Croatia, seven in Bosnia-Herzegovina, five in Serbia and four in Montenegro. Mean annual discharge of
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#17327823844191356-564: A total area of 97 713.2 km² making it the second largest Danube tributary catchment by area size, surpassed only by the Tisza basin, and it encompasses 12% of the Danube basin, draining into the Black Sea. The Sava represents the third longest tributary of the Danube and its largest tributary by discharge. The catchment area borders the remainder of the Danube basin to the north and east, and
1469-637: A valley separating the Julian Alps from the Karavanke mountain range . The spring is near the Slovene- Italian border at 833 metres (2,733 feet) above sea level , in a drainage divide between the Adriatic and Danube basins . The Sava Dolinka spring is fed by groundwater possibly exhibiting bifurcation of source karst aquifer to the Sava and Soča basins. Nadiža creek,
1582-577: Is a 700 metres (2,300 feet) long sport fishing competition ground near Hotemež , Slovenia. Even though the name Sava became very common among Slavs , and has a "Slavic tone", the river's name has pre- Slavic Celtic and Roman origins; Strabo writes in Geographica 4.6.10 (composed between 20 BCE and 20 CE) of the River Saüs , and the Romans used the name Savus . Another name, used for
1695-460: Is also the site of the Šabac Swimming Marathon —an open water swimming competition, running on an 18.8-kilometre (11.7 mi) course between the village of Jarak and the city of Šabac in Serbia. The competition is held annually since 1970, and was included in FINA international calendar from 1984 to 2012. Recreational and sport fishing is a popular activity along the Sava River course. There
1808-485: Is compounded with a meandering of the river's course—limiting the length of vessels—and low bridge clearance. Further problems are incurred through poor transport infrastructure along the route, including poor navigation markings, and presence of sunken vessels and unexploded munitions . Navigation along further 68 kilometres (42 miles) of the river upstream to Rugvica near Zagreb is possible for vessels with tonnage below 1,000 tonnes (980 long tons; 1,100 short tons), and
1921-400: Is especially troublesome for navigation as it offers 250 centimetres (98 inches) draught in less than 50% of an average hydrological year, causing navigation to cease each summer. Similar interruptions are less frequent elsewhere on the river, occurring 30 days a year on average upstream from Oprisavci, and even more rarely downstream from Slavonski Šamac. The restricted draft and fairway
2034-484: Is estimated that the nutrient pollution levels generated by manure production equal 32,394 tonnes of nitrogen and 3,784 tonnes of phosphorus per year. As a consequence, the Sava River is microbiologically polluted in areas affected by the nutrient pollution. One such part of the river is the lowermost part of its course between Šabac and Belgrade, where acceptable freshwater bacterial counts are exceeded. Levels of industrial pollution vary significantly throughout
2147-685: Is flanked by the Krndija and the Dilj Hills on the eastern rim of the Požega Valley . The Bilogora, Papuk and Krndija Mountains consist mostly of Paleozoic rocks which are 300–350 million years old, while the Dilj consists of much more recent Neogene rocks, 2–18 million years old. Further east of the chain, the watershed runs through the Đakovo – Vinkovci and Vukovar Plateau. The loess plateau, extending eastward from Dilj and representing
2260-566: Is formed by the headwaters of the Tara and the Piva at the border of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro, near Šćepan Polje . Its 20 319.9 km² catchment extends across parts of four countries—reaching as far south as Albania. The Bosna and the Kupa river basins are the second and third largest catchments of the Sava tributaries, each surpassing 10 000 km² in size. The average annual flow rate of
2373-634: Is formed from the Sava Dolinka and the Sava Bohinjka headwaters in northwest Slovenia . The drainage basin has other key tributaries , including the 52-kilometre (32 mi) Sora , the 27-kilometre (17 mi) Tržič Bistrica and the 17-kilometre (11 mi) Radovna rivers—flowing into the Sava at confluences as far east downstream as Medvode . The Sava Dolinka rises at the Zelenci Pools near Kranjska Gora , Slovenia, in
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#17327823844192486-472: Is left over from various conflicts including the World War II , Croatian War of Independence , Bosnian War , and the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . Before reaching confluence of Una at Jasenovac and 86.8 metres (285 feet) a.s.l, the Sava River traces Lonjsko polje Nature Park , encompassing marshes frequently flooded by the Sava and its tributaries in the area. Downstream of confluence of
2599-505: Is one additional plant under construction near Krško. The Krško hydroelectric power plant, as well as two additional plants planned on the Sava River course downstream of Ljubljana—Brežice and Mokrice—should be completed by 2018. The power plants downstream of Ljubljana, except Vrhovo, are developed as a chain of five Slovenia's Lower Sava Valley plants since 2002. They will have production capacity of 2,000 gigawatt-hours per year and 570 megawatts of installed capacity . Completion of
2712-731: Is sometimes used to describe the northern boundary of the Balkans , and the southern border of the Central Europe . Before the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 the Sava was the longest river lying completely within the country. The Sava Dolinka rises in the Zelenci Pools, west of Podkoren in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia at 833 metres (2,733 feet) above sea level (a.s.l.), and flows east, past Kranjska Gora to Jesenice , where it turns southeast. At Žirovnica ,
2825-559: Is spanned by 25 bridges. The Sava River valley east of Sisak is also used as a route for the Jadranski naftovod , a crude oil pipeline. The system connects the Port of Rijeka oil terminal to oil refineries in Rijeka and Sisak, to Bosanski Brod in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as Novi Sad and Pančevo in Serbia. The main pressure on the Sava River basin environment is generated by
2938-453: Is tasked with the establishment of sustainable management of surface water and groundwater resources in the Sava River basin. The Sava is navigable to larger vessels for 593.8 kilometres (369.0 miles) between its confluence with the Danube in Belgrade, Serbia and Galdovo Bridge in Sisak, Croatia , 2.8 kilometres (1.7 miles) upstream from confluence of Sava and Kupa rivers. The confluence marks
3051-704: The Alps and the Dinarides reaching elevations in excess of 2000 m a.s.l, while the latter is dominated by the Pannonian Plain . The mean elevation of the basin is 545 m a.s.l. The most important tributaries of the Sava River found in its upper basin are characterized by relatively steep grades of flow, high flow velocities and rapids . Those are left tributaries: the Kokra , the Kamnik Bistrica and
3164-583: The Balkan Peninsula , and the southern edge of the Pannonian Plain . The Sava is 990 kilometres (615 miles) long, including the 45-kilometre (28 mi) Sava Dolinka headwater rising in Zelenci , Slovenia. It is the largest tributary of the Danube by volume of water, and the second-largest after the Tisza in terms of catchment area ( 97 713 km² ) and length. It drains a significant portion of
3277-942: The Brka , the Tinja, the Drina and the Kolubara . Left tributaries in the lower segment drain plains consequently exhibiting less steep course grades, lower flow rates and meandering. They include the Sutla, the Krapina , the Lonja , the Ilova , the Orljava and the Bosut . The 346 km Drina is the largest tributary of the Sava, flowing in Bosnia-Herzegovina and along border of the country and Serbia. It
3390-671: The Brčko District , having gateway to the river), while the opposite bank belongs to Croatia and its Sisak-Moslavina, Brod-Posavina and Vukovar-Srijem counties, except in the area of Jamena and further downstream—which belongs to Serbia and the province of Vojvodina . No cities in this segment of the course span the river. It represents an international frontier, three times seeing adjacent, opposing key settlements: Bosanska Gradiška, Bosanski Brod and Brčko in Bosnia-Herzegovina, opposing Stara Gradiška , Slavonski Brod and Gunja in Croatia. The 337.2-kilometre (209.5 mi) segment between
3503-569: The Dinaric Alps region, through the major tributaries of Drina , Bosna , Kupa , Una , Vrbas , Lonja , Kolubara , Bosut and Krka . The Sava is one of the longest rivers in Europe and among the longest tributaries of another river. The population in the Sava River basin is estimated at 8,176,000, and is shared by three capital cities: Ljubljana , Zagreb and Belgrade. The Sava is about 2 ⁄ 3 -navigable for larger vessels: from
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3616-506: The European Union and as of October 2012 , an agreement to implement the plan was signed by Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, while Serbia is invited to join the project. The plan aims to increase the safety and volume of river transport, which declined by about 70% since the breakup of Yugoslavia, largely because of poor maintenance of the route. The ISRBC is tasked with the establishment of an international regime of navigation on
3729-772: The Mavčiče and the Medvode power plants. The Sava then flows through the capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana , where another reservoir is on the river, adjacent to the Tacen Whitewater Course . There the river course turns east and leaves the Ljubljana Basin via Dolsko , at 261 metres (856 feet) a.s.l. (at confluence of the Ljubljanica and the Kamnik Bistrica ). The course continues through
3842-662: The Periadriatic Seam . Mesozoic and Upper Triassic rocks are exposed in the region. The Ljubljana Basin represents the boundary of the Southern Alps and the Dinarides. Valleys of the Sava Dolinka and the Sava Bohinjka are glacial valleys , carved out by the Sava Dolinka and Bohinj glaciers advancing down Karavanke range to vicinity of present-day Radovljica. In the late Pleistocene , Bohinj Glacier
3955-771: The Pleistocene during the uplift of the Transdanubian Mountains . Ultimately, up to 3,000 metres (9,800 feet) of the sediment was deposited in the basin, and the Pannonian sea eventually drained through the Iron Gate gorge. In the southern Pannonian Basin, the Neogene to Quaternary sediment depth is normally lower, averaging 500 to 1,500 metres (1,600 to 4,900 feet), except in central parts of depressions formed by subduction . A subduction zone formed in
4068-889: The Quaternary , but it is possible that the tectonic activity continues in the present day. The Sava Folds largely exhibit Paleozoic and Triassic rocks, and clastic sediments . The lower course of the Sava in the Pannonian Basin—first reached by the Sava River in the Krško Basin on the western rim of the Pannonian Basin. The Pannonian Basin took shape through Miocenian thinning and subsidence of crust structures formed during Late Paleozoic Variscan orogeny . The Paleozoic and Mesozoic structures are visible in Papuk and other Slavonian mountains. The processes also led to
4181-749: The Sava Hills , where it passes the Litija Basin with the mining and industrial town of Litija , the Central Sava Valley with the mining towns of Zagorje ob Savi , Trbovlje , and Hrastnik , turns to the southeast and runs through the Lower Sava Valley with the towns of Radeče , Sevnica , and Krško . The course through the Sava Hills forms the boundary of traditional regions of Lower Carniola and Styria , At Radeče,
4294-400: The Savinja ; and right tributaries: the Sora, the Ljubljanica and the Krka (Sava) . Further downstream larger rivers empty into the Sava, as the right bank of the basin grows steadily. Right tributaries in this lower segment of the basin start as fast flowing courses, only to slow down as they enter the Pannonian Basin . They include the Kupa , the Una, the Vrbas , the Ukrina , the Bosna ,
4407-457: The Sisak-Moslavina County , the city of Sisak , reaching 91.3 metres (300 feet) a.s.l. The city of Sisak marks the westernmost extent of the Sava River navigable to larger vessels. Navigation conditions on the river are poor due to limited draft and fairway width, meandering of the river, bridge clearance restrictions, poor fairway markings as well as presence of sunken vessels and other objects, including unexploded ordnance . The ordnance
4520-466: The Sutla ( Slovene : Sotla ). At that point, the Sava reaches 132 metres (433 feet) a.s.l. after flowing 221 kilometres (137 miles) through Slovenia and along its border. The westernmost part of the 562-kilometre (349 mi) Sava River course in Croatia, takes the river east, through the western part of the Zagreb County , between Samobor and Zaprešić . The area encompasses forests interspersed by marshes and lakes formed in gravel pits . As
4633-436: The Vrhovo hydroelectric dam reservoir stands. The latter is site of the Krško Nuclear Power Plant , which uses the Sava River water to dissipate excess heat. The easternmost stretch of the Sava River course in Slovenia runs to the south of Brežice , where it is joined by the Krka, and the river ultimately becomes a border river between Slovenia and Croatia , marking 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) of their border near confluence of
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4746-465: The Adriatic Sea basin to the west and south. The river basin generally consists of parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro , Serbia and Slovenia, with a very small part of the catchment area belonging to Albania . Topography of the basin varies significantly. Upstream portion of the basin is more rugged than downstream one, but asymmetry of the basin topography is particularly apparent when comparing right and left bank areas—the former dominated by
4859-553: The Danube's confluence and the Black Sea. Population in the Sava River basin is estimated at 8,176,000, and includes four capitals: Belgrade, Ljubljana, Sarajevo and Zagreb. All except Sarajevo, are on the river banks and represent the three largest settlements found along the river. Belgrade, at the lowest end of the river, is the largest city in the basin with urban population of 1,135,502. Ten municipalities of its outer conurbation have combined population of 1,283,783, taking in many mutual suburbs. The Belgrade metropolitan area has
4972-400: The Kupa. Besides the altar found at the Zelenci Pools, inscriptions and sites dedicated to Savus have been found in remains of Emona, Andautonia and Siscia. Several years after 1751 completion of the Robba Fountain in Ljubljana, the three male figures sculpted as parts of the fountain became identified with the river gods of Sava, Krka and Ljubljanica. In the early 20th century, the fountain
5085-406: The Main Railway station was closed, the security was removed from the complex. A month later, in late August 2018, a group of people undetected for days and using gas burners , cut and destroyed two priceless locomotives ("Pula" from 1864 and "Presek" from 1884), hand cast railway wagon, seven planes and two vertical drills. The larceny lasted for days even though the police station is almost across
5198-404: The Sava Dolinka. Downstream from the confluence, the river is referred to as the Sava. The Sava spans Central- Southeast Europe , flowing through Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and along the Bosnia-Herzegovina border. Its total length is 990 kilometres (615 miles), including the 45-kilometre (28 mi) Sava Dolinka and the 945-kilometre (587 mi) Sava proper. As a right tributary of the Danube ,
5311-401: The Sava River at Zagreb (period from 1992 to 2019), Sremska Mitrovica and Belgrade (period from 1992 to 2021): Mitrovica The course of the Sava River runs through several diverse geological units and orographic regions . The uppermost course of the river and its headwaters in the Karavanke area, is in the Southern Alps , tracing the Sava Fault —itself running parallel to
5424-405: The Sava River at Radovljica, immediately downstream of the Sava Dolinka and the Sava Bohinjka confluence, stands at 44.9 cubic metres (1,590 cubic feet) per second. Downstream of the Krka confluence the average flow rate reaches 317 cubic metres (11,200 cubic feet) per second, gradually increasing as tributaries discharge along the course—340 cubic metres (12,000 cubic feet) per second downstream of
5537-470: The Sava River basin is relatively high, but most of it is applied in non-consumptive uses, such as fish farming . Use of water for irrigation is relatively low, estimated at 30,000,000 cubic metres (1.1 × 10 cubic feet) per year. Commercial fishing on the Sava River is in decline since the middle of the 20th century. In 1978, there were only 97 commercial fishermen there, while recreational fishing became dominant. The decline became more rapid during
5650-547: The Sava River near Belgrade were assessed as representing little to no risk, and the conclusion drawn was that in order to "reduce the existing bacterial contamination of the Sava River it is necessary to control faecal discharge near cities like Belgrade." The two countries (Croatia and Montenegro) with the greatest direct access to the Adriatic showed by far the least polluted basin surface waters, although other factors, such as demography, agricultural/environmental development and, especially, investment (internal and external), play
5763-489: The Sava approaches the capital of Croatia, Zagreb , the marshes give way to urban landscape, but there are surviving examples of the gravel pit lakes, such as the Jarun , and the Bundek within the city. At the western outskirts of Zagreb, there is the western terminus of the 32-kilometre (20 mi) Sava–Odra flood-relief canal connecting the Sava to the Odra River plain which is intended to act as flood control retention basin . The canal has been built in response to
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#17327823844195876-411: The Sava in entirety or its lower part by Strabo, is Noarus . Worship of various river gods in the area dates to the Late Bronze Age , when the first settlements were founded along the Sava River. Taurisci associated their river goddess Adsullata with the Savus . Altars or inscriptions dedicated to the river-god Savus have been found at a number of locations along the river course, including at
5989-527: The Sava. The "Sydhavnen" excavator was transported from Denmark, and was supposed to finish works by 1 October 1940. However, the excavator continued to work after the German occupation of Belgrade in April 1941. It finished works in 1943, completing the draining and filling of the marsh. In 1957, the complex of Belgrade Fair was built in the southern part of Bara Venecija. Bara Venecija is almost entirely industrial and commercial area. Many hangars and depots, asphalt plants and oil tanks are located here, due to
6102-464: The Sutla, 880 cubic metres (31,000 cubic feet) per second following discharge of the Kupa and the Una, 990 cubic metres (35,000 cubic feet) per second downstream of the Vrbas confluence, 1,180 cubic metres (42,000 cubic feet) per second after the Bosna river empties into the Sava, and finally of 1,564 cubic metres (55,200 cubic feet) per second at confluence of the Sava in Belgrade. The highest flow rate of 6,007 cubic metres (212,100 cubic feet) per second
6215-574: The Una River, the Sava is once again tracing an international border—between Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina . Its meandering course runs generally eastwards along Bosanska Gradiška , and Slavonski Brod to Županja , where it turns south to Brčko . There, the river resumes its predominantly eastward course towards Sremska Rača and confluence of the Drina River. The right bank of the Sava, in this segment of its course, belongs to Bosnia-Herzegovina (with Bosnia's all three administrative entities, Republika Srpska , Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and
6328-406: The Una and the Drina confluences, corresponding to the Sava flowing along the border of Bosnia-Herzegovina, exhibits small change of elevation, such as from 86.8 metres (285 feet) ASL at Jasenovac to 76.6 metres (251 feet) ASL at Brčko gauges : over 287.5 kilometres (178.6 miles) of the river between them. The river below Zagreb has a 0.4‰ slope (gradient) on average, much less steep than
6441-537: The Zelenci Pools where the Sava Dolinka rises, and a number of Roman settlements and castra built along the Via Pannonia, the Roman road running from Aquileia to the Danube. The settlements include Emona , Andautonia and Siscia (near modern-day Ljubljana, Velika Gorica and Sisak respectively) upstream of the Kupa River confluence, and Marsonia , itself built atop a prehistoric settlement, Cibalae , Sirmium and Singidunum (in modern-day Slavonski Brod, Vinkovci, Sremska Mitrovica and Belgrade) downstream of
6554-482: The activities of the urban population in the basin. Even though nearly all population centres generating pollution above 10,000 population equivalent (PE) have some sort of sewage treatment in place, less than a quarter of them are adequate. Wastewater from 86% of Sava River basin settlements, generating more than 2,000 PE, goes untreated. Pollution levels vary along the river. The best conditions in terms of wastewater treatment are found in Slovenia, although
6667-405: The area, used the mud from the bog to make roof tiles. They lived in small huts or caravans (called čerge ), between the high grass and rush , with their horses and water buffaloes grazing freely in the area. As most of the huts were actually stilt houses , built on piles due to the marshy land, the area was gradually named Bara Venecija (" Venice pond"). The concession for the construction of
6780-422: The basin, with four of them on the Sava, including one on the Sava Dolinka. Most of the reservoirs are used primarily, or even exclusively, for electricity generation , but they are also used as supply of drinking water , industrial water source, for irrigation and food production . Groundwater is a very important resource in the Sava River basin, generally used for public water supply of potable water, as
6893-435: The basin. In 2007, significant sources of industrial pollution were identified in Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia. Levels of lead, cadmium and arsenic measured in the Sava River at Zagreb in 2003 did not exceed permitted concentrations, but measured levels of mercury exceeded permitted levels in four out of 216 samples. Levels of heavy metals , specifically zinc, copper, lead and cadmium, measured in sediments in
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#17327823844197006-439: The building. Along the tracks and the Savska Street, German occupational forces built four bunkers in 1941–1942, during the World War II occupation. They were built in an unusual, not often applied, four-side pyramidal design. This way, the bombs wouldn't hit it directly, instead they would slide or bounce of its sloped sides. The bunkers were built of concrete, with very thick walls and were quite spacious inside. They were used by
7119-446: The building. Situation changed again in June 2022, when city announced that the old building will be completely demolished, and the new one, replica of the old, Korunović's design, will be built from scratch. New building will host City Library, and evening stage of the Theatre "Boško Buha". Construction will be financed by the Belgrade Waterfront company, which will then handed it over to Belgrade. A large parking lot will be built behind
7232-404: The central plateau, boiler room transformed into arched gallery with 26 revolving doors, and new building with forested terraces and oxygen bubble with microalgae based photobioreactors . Works began in February 2023, and the deadline was moved to the spring of 2025. Industrialist and philanthropist Milan Vapa (1875-1939) established his cardboard and paper business in 1905 but decided to build
7345-416: The complex before it was noticed. Remainder of the exhibits was subsequently relocated. By February 2020, the already crumbling depot was partially buried under the piles of earth deposited from the construction site. Remains of four rusting wagons remained within the complex and there were some squatters despite everything was covered in overgrowth of ailanthus . According to the Belgrade Waterfront project,
7458-500: The complex should be adapted into the "modern and creative space" in 2020. In August 2021, the government announced architectural design competition for the future "creative-innovative multi-functional center", the "hub of creative industry". The structure will cover 14,000 square metres (150,000 sq ft) and the construction is planned to start in June 2022. Futuristic design was unveiled in November 2021, with projected deadline in 2024. Design by "AKVS Architecture" studio includes
7571-405: The confluence of the Kupa in Sisak a few kilometers below Zagreb. The name is believed to be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sewh 1 - ('to press, push (forth); to take liquid, water', whence the English word sup ) and the ending *eh 2 , so that it literally means 'that which waters [the ground]'. The ancient Greeks called it Saos ( Ancient Greek : Σάος ). The Sava River
7684-411: The construction of the Belgrade Waterfront since the mid-2010s, and the complete overhaul of the Sava Square , there were signals from the city and the investors, both for the restoration of the original, rich façade and for keeping the present appearance of the building. National postal service, Pošta Srbije , announced it has no further need for the building, so the state, which is the official owner of
7797-409: The course in Slovenia, where the average slope exceeds 0.7‰. This results in the Sava's meandering course running through a wide plain bordered by wetlands . Downstream from the confluence of the Drina, the Sava River changes its eastward course to northeast, until it reaches Sremska Mitrovica , whence it flows southeast and then south to Šabac , before finally turning east towards Belgrade. Most of
7910-421: The course, with the largest among them—800-hectare (2,000-acre) Ada Ciganlija in Belgrade—connected to the right bank by a pair of artificial embankment dams forming Lake Sava since 1967. The Sava discharges into the Danube, after reaching 68.3 metres (224 feet) a.s.l. as its right tributary at the Great War Island off the easternmost tip of Syrmia in Belgrade, 1,169.9 kilometres (726.9 miles) away from
8023-431: The early 1940, the city decided to finish the draining. On 9 March 1940, an agreement was signed with the "Danish Group" consortium, which was to pour 500,000 tons of sand on the area between the railway and the river, and from the station to the bridge. City already hired the same consortium (made up of Danish companies " Kampsax ", " Højgaard & Schultz " and "Carl Nielsen") to start construction of New Belgrade , across
8136-474: The existing facilities are inadequate. In Serbia, on the other hand, 68% of population centres have no wastewater treatment facilities at all. Population centres exceeding 2,000 PE directly discharge into the Sava River basin's surface waters 11112 tonnes of nitrogen and 2,642 tonnes of phosphorus . Agriculture is another significant source of the Sava River basin surface water pollution, specifically through livestock manure production. It
8249-424: The extravagantly ornamented façade, it was called "architectural beauty" and considered one of the most beautiful buildings in Belgrade and among Korunović's best works. It was damaged during World War II and reconstructed later. However, the new, Communist authorities considered its façade "too bourgeois" so they removed the remains of the façade and reconstructed only the skeletal architecture under it, which suited
8362-573: The first railway in Serbia included the laying of the Belgrade–Niš railway, the train bridge over the Sava river and a railway that would connect Belgrade to Zemun , a border town of Austria-Hungary at the time. The location of the future station building in Bara Venecija was chosen in 1881. The station itself was not part of the concession, As a marshland, the selected location was completely inappropriate for construction works of any kind, so
8475-536: The five power plants is expected to cost 700 million euros . There are also plans for construction of ten new powerplants in the middle Sava valley HE Suhadol, HE Trbovlje, HE Renke, HE Ponovice, HE Kresnice, HE Jevnica, HE Zalog, HE Šentjakob, HE Ježica and HE Tacen. Croatia is planning the construction of four hydroelectric power plants on the Sava River in the Zagreb area. The four plants— Podsused , Prečko, Zagreb and Drenje —are scheduled to be completed by 2021 at
8588-610: The formation of a stratovolcanic chain in the basin 17–12 Mya (million years ago) and intensified subsidence observed until 5 Mya as well as flood basalts about 7.5 Mya. Contemporary uplift of the Carpathian Mountains prevented water flowing to the Black Sea, and the Pannonian Sea formed in the basin. Sediments were transported to the basin from uplifting Carpathian and Dinaric mountains, with particularly deep fluvial sediments being deposited in
8701-644: The full reconstruction will be financially imprudent as the building lost its original structure. Instead, the architectural design competition will be organized in 2021, with the task of incorporating "authentic elements" of the original façade. The building was the last in the line of projects where city administration promised to reconstruct city landmarks to its old appearances, but instead mostly just refurbished them (Belgrade Main railway station, Belgrade Cooperative , National Museum of Serbia ). After negative public backlash (pointing out to other cities which restore their landmarks like Berlin, Budapest or Warsaw, and to
8814-533: The lack of proper explanations why the reconstruction is not an option), chief city urbanist Marko Stojčić stated a month later that the original façade will be restored. In May 2021 city announced that artists and other tenants from the BIGZ building might move into the building after the reconstruction, if city decides to adapt it into the cultural center. When the contract for the Belgrade Waterfront
8927-526: The latter as flowing directly out of the lake, while another group of sources include the Savica , rising at the southern flank of Triglav as the 78-metre (256 ft) Savica Falls , downstream from Triglav Lakes Valley , and flowing into the lake, as a part of the Sava Bohinjka. The watercourse flows 41 kilometres (25 miles)—including the length of the Savica—east to Radovljica , where it discharges into
9040-665: The maximum beam of 9.5 metres (31 feet), the maximum draught of 2.5 metres (8 feet 2 inches) and tonnage up to 1,500 tonnes (1,500 long tons; 1,700 short tons). The Sava River downstream of Sisak, is designated as European waterway E 80-12, branching off from the E ;80 waterway spanning the Danube and Le Havre via the Rhine . The largest ports on the Sava River are Brčko and Šamac in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sisak and Slavonski Brod in Croatia, and Šabac and Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia. As of 2008 , 24.5 kilometres (15.2 miles) of
9153-408: The moderns German machines. It was the first industrial object built purposely for the paper production in Serbia and was the only one in the next 30 years. The factory was nationalized after World War II by the new Communist authorities and in the 1950s the machines were dismantled and relocated to Ada Huja . Former factory became the administrative building and the storage of the "Jugošped" company,
9266-529: The most destructive flooding of the river that occurred in Zagreb in 1964 , when one third of the city was flooded and 17 people were killed. The city itself marks the western extent of the Sava River basin area especially prone to flooding, spanning from Zagreb to confluence of the river in Belgrade , Serbia . East of Zagreb, the river turns southeast again further through the Central Croatia , to
9379-546: The object, decided to sell it, foreseeing it might be adapted into the hotel. One of the bidding conditions will be the restoration of the old façade. In February 2020, deputy mayor Goran Vesić announced the restoration of the original façade, after the reshaping of the Sava Square is finished. Despite previous claims, in May 2020 it was announced that the building won't be restored to its pre-World War II appearance. City claimed
9492-540: The original depot, water stop and coal loading ramp began in 1883 on a different location, closer to the central railway building. In time they became inadequate so the new complex, designed by engineer Nikola Raičković, was finished on its present location in 1925 and became operational in 1926. The semicircular object was used for storing and placing steam locomotives on the railway. It had room for 31 locomotive and included administrative building, blacksmith shop, sawmill, repair shops, foundry and gas factory. The water tower
9605-527: The ownership. The roof was fixed but it is not known by whom. As of February 2020, part of the building is almost buried under tons of earth from the nearby construction site of Belgrade Waterfront. Just south of the railway station, there is a building of the Post Office No. 6 . Originally built as the Post Office No. 2 in the 1920s, it was constructed by architect Momir Korunović . Due to
9718-772: The present-day Sava River valley, and approximately 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) deep sediments were deposited in the Slavonia-Syrmia depression and 5,500 metres (18,000 feet) in the Sava depression. The results of those processes are large plains in the Sava River valley and the Kupa River valley. The plains are interspersed by the horst and graben structures, believed to have broken the Pannonian Sea surface as islands , which became watershed between Drava and Sava River basins extending along Ivanščica – Kalnik – Bilogora –Papuk mountain chain. The Papuk Mountain
9831-501: The proximity of both downtown Belgrade and Sava harbor ( Savsko pristanište ). It all gives the neighborhood industrialized, unattractive, gray look. Being on the lowest part of the Sava's bank, Bara Venecija gets flooded during the extremely high waters of the river. It was completely flooded in 1984 and during the major flood of 2006 . The "Ložionica" complex, located within the railway station compound, includes boiler house, adjacent depot, turntable and water tower . Construction of
9944-486: The railway workers but also by the Wehrmacht military crews which protected the railway and used bunkers during the air raids. One bunker was closer to the street while the other was closer to the river. The river one was smaller, but had an interior equipped for the prolonged stay of the soldiers, including quite efficient ventilation system and toilet. The larger one had 80 m (860 sq ft) of usable space. It
10057-564: The river banks and gravel pits and artificial lakes adjacent. Tacen Whitewater Course, on the right bank of the Sava in Tacen , a suburb of Ljubljana, was built as a permanent kayaking course in 1948. It hosts a major international competition almost every year, examples being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in 1955 , 199 1 and 2010 . In Zagreb, Jarun complex of lakes along the river course offers
10170-460: The river belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin. The Sava River is the third longest tributary of the Danube , slightly shorter than the 966-kilometre (600 mi) Tisza and the 950-kilometre (590 mi) Prut —the Danube's two longest tributaries—when the Sava Dolinka headwater is excluded from its course. It is also the largest tributary of the Danube by discharge . The river course
10283-541: The river course between Slavonski Šamac and Oprisavci , as well as additional 219.8 kilometres (136.6 miles) between Slavonski Brod and Sisak, are considered by Croatia's Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure to fail the Class IV criteria, permitting navigation of vessels up to 1,000 tonnes (980 long tons; 1,100 short tons) only, complying with the AGN's Category III. The Slavonski Šamac–Oprisavci section
10396-612: The river enters the Ljubljana Basin and encounters the first hydroelectric dam — Moste plant—before proceeding to the east of the glacial Lake Bled towards Radovljica and confluence of the Sava Bohinjka, at 411 metres (1,348 feet) a.s.l. Downstream of Radovljica, the Sava proceeds southeast towards Kranj . Between Kranj and Medvode, its course comprises the Lake Trboje and the Lake Zbilje reservoirs , built for
10509-595: The river since 2005. The Sava River valley is also a route for road and rail traffic. The river valley routes are a part of the Pan-European Corridor X , and forming junctions with Pan-European Corridors V, Vb, Vc , Xa and Xb in area of Ljubljana (V), Zagreb (Vb, Xa), Slavonski Šamac (Vc), and Belgrade (Xb). The motorways forming the Pan-European Corridor X in the area— Slovenia's A2 , Croatia's A3 and Serbia's A1 motorways—represent
10622-406: The river's basin is used to cool thermoelectric and nuclear power plants. Power plant cooling represents the main type of use of the Sava River waters. As of October 2012 , there are six existing hydroelectric power plants built along the Sava River. Upstream of Ljubljana there are Moste, Mavčiče and Medvode power plants, while Vrhovo, Boštanj and Blanca are downstream of the capital. There
10735-617: The river's course in Serbia represents a border between province of Vojvodina, on the left bank, and Central Serbia , on the right bank. Exceptions to that are in area around Sremska Mitrovica, where both banks are in Vojvodina, and downstream of Progar suburb of Belgrade where both banks are in Central Serbia. The river meanders and forms wetlands there as well—the most significant centering on Obedska bara oxbow lake . The Sava River forms several large islands in this segment of
10848-415: The rubble from all parts of the city and especially from Prokop . The station was ceremonially opened 1 September [ O.S. 20 August] 1884, though it wasn't completed. By September 1885 the embankment for the railway bridge on the northern end of the neighborhood, and the bridge itself, were finished, so as the embankment in the direction of the streets, with the drainage system. In 1887, city
10961-480: The section of the river belongs to the AGN's Category II. There are plans for the restoration of the Category IV compliant waterway downstream of Sisak and betterment of navigation infrastructure between Sisak and Rugvica, as well as upgrading of the waterway between Brčko and Belgrade to Category Va, matching that of the Danube, with uninterrupted navigation through the year. The plan is planned to be supported by
11074-531: The station. As the filling and construction of the embankments wasn't finished, the area was still regularly flooded. Industrialist Mihailo V. Bajloni built a residential complex along the Sarajevska Street during Interbellum . It was constructed for the workers of the Bajloni's merchant company “Bajloni & Sons”. The complex included both the company administrative buildings and social housing. In
11187-660: The style of the Socialist realism which was pushed by the government in the immediate post-war period. As such, the façade has been described as a "skeleton and unsightly". Ukrainian émigré architect, and informant of the OGPU (later NKVD ), Pavel Krat, was given the task of reducing the façade to the basic social realistic style. He referred to the Korunović's design as the "typical example of unsuccessful use of our folk architectural heritage, overloaded with stylish elements". With
11300-416: The swamp first had to be filled. The remains of the demolished Stambol Gate were already dumped into the bog in 1866. Parts of the demolished trench, šanac , which encircled the downtown, were also used to fill the bog. The foundation stone for the station was laid by ruling prince Milan Obrenović on 15 April [ O.S. 3 April] 1883. By 1884 the bog was partially drained and buried under
11413-476: The wars in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, reducing the quantity of fish caught in the river to approximately one-third of the pre-war catches which ranged from 719 to 988 tonnes (708 to 972 long tons; 793 to 1,089 short tons) between 1979 and 1990. The International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC), a cooperative body established by Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia and Montenegro in 2005,
11526-767: The watershed between the Vuka and Bosut rivers, gradually rises to the Fruška Gora south of Ilok. There are 18 hydroelectric power plants with power generation capacity exceeding 10 Megawatts in the Sava River basin. In Slovenia, most of them harness the Sava itself. In other countries, the hydroelectric power plants are on its tributaries. Total power generation capacity of the 18 power plants, and additional smaller plants largely found in Slovenia, amounts to 41542 megawatts, and their annual production capacity stands at 2,497 gigawatt-hours . Approximately 3.3 cubic kilometres (0.79 cubic miles) of water per year in
11639-557: The westernmost point of the river course designated as a Class IV international waterway in compliance with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 's European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance (AGN). The classification means that the river course between Sisak and Belgrade is navigable to ships of the maximum length of 80 to 85 metres (262 to 279 feet),
11752-428: Was 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) tall on the inside and the walls were 3 m (9.8 ft) thick at the base. It was divided in two shelters, 27 m (89 ft) and 14 m (46 ft) long, and could shelter 50 people. There is a total of 27 known German bunkers which survived until the 2010s, including two pyramidal ones in Bara Venecija. The street bunker was used as a storage facility for years, before it
11865-462: Was adapted into the small kafana for the railway workers. In time, it became hiding place for the homeless and the waste dealers. As both bunkers were on the location of the controversial Belgrade Waterfront project, they were scheduled for demolition, despite the ideas of turning them into cultural or exhibition spaces, which is usually done with such objects in European cities. The river bunker
11978-634: Was charted for the first time in an Austrian map from 1789. It was a marsh which covered a wide area from modern Karađorđeva Street (at Kovač's Khan, at modern Hercegovačka Street) to the mouth of the Topčiderska reka into the Sava, across the northern tip of Ada Ciganlija . Marshy area covered modern location of the Belgrade Main railway station and parts of the Sarajevska and Hajduk-Veljkov Venac streets. Ciganska Bara drained two other bogs. One
12091-555: Was demolished during World War II and rebuilt later. It was claimed that Milutin Milanković drafted the designs for the original water tower, but it can't be proved. The complex was placed under the preliminary protection as the cultural monument and became dispatched ward of the Railway Museum where locomotives from the 19th century were exhibited. Already in bad shape, after the construction of Belgrade Waterfront began and
12204-569: Was demolished in 2015 and the street one in August 2019. Sava The Sava is a river in Central and Southeast Europe , a right-bank and the longest tributary of the Danube . It flows through Slovenia , Croatia and along its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina , and finally through Serbia , feeding into the Danube in its capital, Belgrade . The Sava forms the main northern limit of
12317-513: Was located on Slavija , which drained through the creek of Vračarski Potok which flew down the area of the modern Nemanjina street. Other pond whose water drained into the Ciganska bara was Zeleni Venac . During the high water levels in the Sava, the bog would also rise, forming a proper lake which reached the Bosanska (modern Gavrila Principa) and Sarajevska streets. Romanies who lived in
12430-439: Was recorded by Slavonski Šamac gauging station in May 2014. Seven out of eight largest reservoirs in the Sava River basin are in the Drina catchment, the largest among them being the 0.88-cubic-kilometre (0.21 cu mi) Lake Piva on the eponymous river in Montenegro, created after construction of Mratinje Dam . Overall, there are 22 reservoirs holding more than 5,000,000 cubic metres (180,000,000 cubic feet) of water in
12543-550: Was signed in 2015, the post office building was handed over to the investors from the United Arab Emirates to adapt into the commercial building, but without obligation for the investor to restore the original facade. City announced possible agreement with the investors to still finance the building's reconstruction into the cultural center, offering them tax rebates. By this time, the Post Office mostly evacuated
12656-485: Was still deliberating necessity of completely draining the bog and in 1889 decided to finish the works, announcing that works will last "for years". Filling of the bog from the Prokop was finished in 1898. However, the drainage system in the upper sections, at Sarajevska Street, was built only in 1904. After World War I , plans were made for further filling of the area next to the railway, in order to expand cargo section of
12769-580: Was the largest glacier in the territory of present-day Slovenia, up to 900 metres (3,000 feet) thick. Sava Folds, southeast and east of the Ljubljana Basin are thought of as a part of the Dinarides, separating the Ljubljana and Krško Basins , and forming the Sava Hills. The east–west oriented folds are younger than the Miocene and the folding is considered to had taken place in the Pliocene and
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