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14-644: The Barbacoan languages may be related to the Páez language . Barbacoan is often connected with the Paezan languages (including Páez ); however, Curnow (1998) shows how much of this proposal is based on misinterpretation of an old document of Douay (1888). (See: Paezan languages .) Other more speculative larger groupings involving Barbacoan include the Macro-Paesan "cluster", the Macro-Chibchan stock, and

28-446: A larger Chibchan family, which is considerably more inclusive than the conservative Chibchan recognized today). Curnow (1998) shows this is based on misinterpretation of a Moguex vocabulary of Douay (1888), which is a mix of Páez and Guambiano/Totoró. The error has led to subsequent classifiers (e.g. Kaufman 1990, 1994; Campbell 1997; Greenberg 1956, 1987; Tovar & Larruceau de Tovar 1984) to group Páez with Guambiano, missing

42-466: A subsequent publication by Henri Beuchat and Paul Rivet placed Coconucan together with a Paezan family (which included Páez and Paniquita ) due a misleading "Moguex" vocabulary list. The "Moguex" vocabulary turned out to be a mix of both Páez and Guambiano languages (Curnow 1998). This vocabulary has led to misclassifications by Greenberg (1956, 1987), Loukotka (1968), Kaufman (1990, 1994), and Campbell (1997), among others. Although Páez may be related to

56-419: Is a poorly attested and unclassified indigenous American language that was spoken in the region of Quito until the 17th century. Much of the information on Panzaleo comes from toponyms of central and northern Ecuador. Typical are: Loukotka (1968) suggested that Panzaleo might be related to Paez . (See Paezan languages .) One of his sources for this proposal was Jijón y Caamaño (1940), who admit that

70-475: Is best treated as a single language. The Barbácoa (Barbacoas) language itself is unattested, and is only assumed to be part of the Barbacoan family. Nonetheless, it has been assigned an ISO code, though the better-attested and classifiable Pasto language has not. Below is a full list of Barbacoan language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties. Loukotka (1968) lists

84-567: Is often connected with Páez in a Paezan grouping. Documentation is a 20-page list of words and expressions by an anonymous author published in 1928 and another word list collected in 1854 by a priest (Manuel María Albis). There are a number of similarities in vocabulary between Andaquí and Páez, as noted by Jolkesky (2015) and others. In other aspects, the differences are greater. Jolkesky (2015) also found lexical similarities with Tinigua . The Coconucan languages were first grouped together with Páez by Henri Beuchat & Paul Rivet in 1910 (under

98-562: The Chibchan-Paezan stock. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Atakame , Cholon-Hibito , Kechua , Mochika , Paez , Tukano , Umbra , and Chibchan (especially between Guaymí and Southern Barbacoan branches) language families due to contact. Barbacoan consists of 6 languages: Pasto, Muellama, Coconuco, and Caranqui are now extinct . Pasto and Muellama are usually classified as Barbacoan, but

112-468: The Barbacoan family, a conservative view considers Páez a language isolate pending further investigation. Guambiano is more similar to other Barbacoan languages than to Páez, and thus Key (1979), Curnow et al. (1998), Gordon (2005), and Campbell (2012) place Coconucan under Barbacoan. The moribund Totoró is sometimes considered a dialect of Guambiano instead of a separate language, and, indeed, Adelaar & Muysken (2004) state that Guambiano-Totoró-Coconuco

126-719: The Paez–Coconucan "family" had been connected to various other families. Greenberg included Paezan in a Macro-Chibchan (or Chibchan–Paezan ) stock with Barbacoan , Chibchan , Chocoan , Jirajaran , and the isolates Betoi , Kamsá (Sibundoy), Yaruro , Esmeraldeño , Mochica , Cunza (Atacameño), Itonama , and Yurumanguí . Morris Swadesh 's Paezan included Páez, Barbacoan, Coconucan, Andaquí, Cunza, Kapixana , and Mashubí . Kaufman's (1990, 1994) Macro-Páesan "cluster" proposal included "Paesan" (as explained above)–Barbacoan, Cunza–Kapixana, Betoi, Itonama, and Warao . Panzaleo Panzaleo ( Pansaleo, Quito, Latacunga )

140-553: The current evidence is weak and deserves further attention. Muellama may have been one of the last surviving dialects of Pasto (both extinct, replaced by Spanish) — Muellama is known only by a short wordlist recorded in the 19th century. The Muellama vocabulary is similar to modern Awa Pit. The Cañari–Puruhá languages are even more poorly attested, and while often placed in a Chimuan family, Adelaar (2004:397) thinks they may have been Barbacoan. The Coconucan languages were first connected to Barbacoan by Daniel Brinton in 1891. However,

154-467: The following basic vocabulary items. Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions and reflexes (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998): Paezan languages Paezan (also Páesan , Paezano , Interandine ) may be any of several hypothetical or obsolete language-family proposals of Colombia and Ecuador named after the Paez language . Currently, Páez (Nasa Yuwe) is best considered either a language isolate or

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168-518: The most often repeated statements (e.g. Loukota 1968; Kaufman 1990, 1994) is the supposed connection between Páez and the extinct Panzaleo (also known as Pansaleo, Latacunga, or Quito), formerly spoken in highlands of Ecuador . However, Panzaleo is poorly documented and the evidence for this relationship is weak and may be from language contact . Thus, Panzaleo may best be considered an unclassified isolate (Adelaar & Muysken 2004: 393-397; Campbell 1997). The Andaquí isolate (also extinct)

182-611: The obvious identification of Coconucan as Barbacoan . Matteson's 1972 comparison of Páez and Guambiano vocabularies show just a 5.2% overlap, less than comparisons between Páez and Arawak , Quechua and Proto- Chibchan (respectively 17%, 12%, and 14%). Following linguists such as Matteson (1972), Curnow (1998), Curnow & Liddicoat (1998), and Adelaar & Muysken (2004), the Coconucan languages are now placed under Barbacoan . The question of connections between Páez, Panzaleo, and Andaquí remains open. Prior to Curnow's correction,

196-414: The only surviving member of an otherwise extinct language family (Adelaar & Muysken 2004, Gordon 2005, Matteson 1972, Fabre 2005). It has often been grouped with other languages in a Paezan family, but several of these proposals are based on a historical error. Even before the discovery of the error, Campbell (1997: 173) stated, "There is no consensus upon Paezan, and opinions vary greatly". One of

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