Misplaced Pages

#739260

73-458: The air station is co-located on the same site as the commercial Bardufoss Airport . The airbase is also used by the civilian community: Norwegian Aviation College (NAC) is located at the airport, and there is also a flying club (Bardufoss Flyklubb) and a parachute jumping club. Norwegian Air Shuttle currently operates three daily flights with Boeing 737 aircraft from Bardufoss Airport to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen . The first plane to land at

146-566: A 12-year gap, establishing three daily flights to and from Oslo, with connections to the SAS and Star Alliance global network. This has since changed to Norwegian Air Shuttle, following the airline winning back the defence contract from SAS in 2023. Bardufoss was selected an emergency landing airfield by the Norwegian Army Air Service in 1934, with construction starting in early 1935. A 200-by-200-meter (660 by 660 ft) area

219-435: A distinct dialect at the level of farm clusters. Dialects are in some cases so dissimilar as to be unintelligible to unfamiliar listeners. Many linguists note a trend toward regionalization of dialects that diminishes the differences at such local levels; there is, however, a renewed interest in preserving dialects. Norwegian nouns are inflected for number (singular/plural) and for definiteness (indefinite/definite). In

292-548: A few dialects, definite nouns are also inflected for the dative case . Norwegian nouns belong to three noun classes (genders): masculine, feminine and neuter. All feminine nouns can optionally be inflected using masculine noun class morphology in Bokmål due to its Danish heritage. In comparison, the use of all three genders (including the feminine) is mandatory in Nynorsk. All Norwegian dialects have traditionally retained all

365-479: A national plan for civil aviation. It recommended that flights in Northern Norway be carried out using seaplanes, but also noted the possibility of upgrading existing military air stations for civilian use. Scheduled services to Bardufoss started in 1956, with SAS extending its service from Oslo Airport, Fornebu via Trondheim Airport, Værnes to Bodø Airport to Bardufoss. The initial terminal at Bardufoss

438-441: A new Norwegian language at the age of 22. He traveled around the country collecting words and examples of grammar from the dialects and comparing the dialects among the different regions. He examined the development of Icelandic , which had largely escaped the influences under which Norwegian had come. He called his work, which was published in several books from 1848 to 1873, Landsmål , meaning 'national language'. The name Landsmål

511-607: A new fire station. Estimated to cost between NOK 50 and 100 million, it is scheduled for completion in 2014. The airport has a runway aligned 10–28 (roughly east–west) with an asphalt surface measuring 2,443 by 45 meters (8,015 ft × 148 ft). It is located at an elevation of 77 meters (253 feet) above mean sea level . SAS Select Service Partner operates a café at the terminal. Cominor operates three airport coach routes—one to Sørreisa , Finnsnes and Silsand ; one to Setermoen and one to Maukstadmoen . The airport has 235 paid parking places; taxis and car rental

584-501: A noun, unlike English which has a separate article, the , to indicate the same. In general, almost all nouns in Bokmål follow these patterns (like the words in the examples above): In contrast, almost all nouns in Nynorsk follow these patterns (the noun gender system is more pronounced than in Bokmål): There is in general no way to infer what grammatical gender a specific noun has, but there are some patterns of nouns where

657-486: A seaplane route from the water aerodrome to Tromsø, Alta and Hammerfest . This route lasted until 1963. Three times a week SAS operated a night flight from Bardufoss and Bodø to Oslo, with Andøya Airport, Andenes added in 1964, using a Convair Metropolitan . A new terminal opened in 1962. Three airports were opened in Finnmark in 1963, Alta Airport , Lakselv Airport, Banak and Kirkenes Airport, Høybuktmoen , and

730-413: Is Bokmål will study Nynorsk as a mandatory subject throughout both elementary and high school. A 2005 poll indicates that 86.3% use primarily Bokmål as their daily written language, 5.5% use both Bokmål and Nynorsk, and 7.5% use primarily Nynorsk. Thus, 13% are frequently writing Nynorsk, though the majority speak dialects that resemble Nynorsk more closely than Bokmål. Broadly speaking, Nynorsk writing

803-581: Is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken mainly in Norway , where it is an official language. Along with Swedish and Danish , Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects , in particular, are very close. These Scandinavian languages, together with Faroese and Icelandic as well as some extinct languages , constitute

SECTION 10

#1732783418740

876-440: Is a pitch-accent language with two distinct pitch patterns, like Swedish. They are used to differentiate two-syllable words with otherwise identical pronunciation. For example, in many East Norwegian dialects, the word bønder ('farmers') is pronounced using the simpler tone 1, while bønner ('beans' or 'prayers') uses the more complex tone 2. Though spelling differences occasionally differentiate written words, in most cases

949-411: Is a language form based on Norwegian dialects and puristic opposition to Danish. The now-abandoned official policy to merge Bokmål and Nynorsk into one common language called Samnorsk through a series of spelling reforms has created a wide spectrum of varieties of both Bokmål and Nynorsk. The unofficial form known as Riksmål is considered more conservative than Bokmål and is far closer to Danish while

1022-727: Is a primary airport situated at Bardufoss in Målselv Municipality in Troms county, Norway . The airport, which is the civilian sector of the Royal Norwegian Air Force 's (RNoAF) Bardufoss Air Station , is operated by the state-owned Avinor . It consists of a 2,443-meter (8,015 ft) runway , a parallel taxiway and handled 218,451 passengers in 2014. Norwegian Air Shuttle (Norwegian) operates three daily flights with Boeing 737s to Oslo . The airport's catchment area covers central Troms . In 1938,

1095-654: Is also available. Bardufoss Airport is located on the premises of Bardufoss Air Station of the Royal Norwegian Air Force . The air station covers an area of 237 hectares (590 acres) and is home to the 337 and 339 Squadrons. The former operates the Westland Lynx in cooperation with the Coast Guard and the latter operates the Bell 412 , largely as support for the Norwegian Army . Bardufoss Air Station

1168-736: Is comparable with that of French on English after the Norman conquest . In the late Middle Ages, dialects began to develop in Scandinavia because the population was rural and little travel occurred. When the Reformation came from Germany, Martin Luther 's High German translation of the Bible was quickly translated into Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. Norway entered a union with Denmark in 1397 and Danish, over time, replaced Middle Norwegian as

1241-423: Is now considered their classic forms after a reform in 1917. Riksmål was, in 1929, officially renamed Bokmål (literally 'book language'), and Landsmål to Nynorsk (literally 'new Norwegian'). A proposition to substitute Danish-Norwegian ( dansk-norsk ) for Bokmål lost in parliament by a single vote. The name Nynorsk , the linguistic term for modern Norwegian , was chosen to contrast with Danish and emphasise

1314-609: Is regulated by the Norwegian Academy , which determines acceptable spelling, grammar, and vocabulary. There is also an unofficial form of Nynorsk, called Høgnorsk , discarding the post-1917 reforms, and thus close to Ivar Aasen's original Landsmål. It is supported by Ivar Aasen-sambandet , but has found no widespread use. In 2010, 86.5% of the pupils in the primary and lower secondary schools in Norway receive education in Bokmål, while 13.0% receive education in Nynorsk. From

1387-754: Is rising in the first syllable and falling in the second syllable or somewhere around the syllable boundary. The pitch accents (as well as the peculiar phrase accent in the low-tone dialects) give the Norwegian language a "singing" quality that makes it easy to distinguish from other languages. Accent 1 generally occurs in words that were monosyllabic in Old Norse , and accent 2 in words that were polysyllabic. The Norwegian alphabet has 29 letters. The letters c , q , w , x and z are only used in loanwords . As loanwords are assimilated into Norwegian, their spelling might change to reflect Norwegian pronunciation and

1460-526: Is sometimes interpreted as 'rural language' or 'country language', but this was clearly not Aasen's intended meaning. The name of the Danish language in Norway was a topic of hot dispute throughout the 19th century. Its proponents claimed that it was a language common to Norway and Denmark, and no more Danish than Norwegian. The proponents of Landsmål thought that the Danish character of the language should not be concealed. In 1899, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson proposed

1533-413: Is the largest helicopter base in the county, in addition to hosting the air force's aviation school. Allied forces have used Bardufoss as a training ground for fighter aircraft since the 1970s. The school, squadrons and air station are collectively organized as part of the 139th Air Wing. Målselv Municipality and Bardu Municipality host most of the army's Northern Brigade . Norwegian Air Shuttle

SECTION 20

#1732783418740

1606-544: Is the only airline serving the airport with scheduled flights, consisting of three daily flights to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen . The Norwegian Armed Forces is the largest purchaser of travel at the airport and operations are based on a contract between the two parties, resulting in scheduled flights. The airport handled 207,650 passengers, 5,279 aircraft movements and 56 tonnes of cargo in 2013. Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 347 , an SAS-operated McDonnell Douglas MD-82 en route to Bodø Airport and Oslo Airport, Fornebu ,

1679-555: Is to operate onboard Coast Guard ships. They will be replaced with eight new NH-90's . The 339 Squadron operates twelve Bell 412 SP, primarily used as support for the Royal Norwegian Army . The Bells were delivered in between 1987 and 1990. Previous to their delivery, the squadron operated UH-1 's bought used from the USA: some of those machines were received with minor battle damages and bullet holes, having seen action in

1752-459: Is to write in dialect for informal use. When writing an SMS, Facebook update, or fridge note, many people, especially young ones, write approximations of the way they talk rather than using Bokmål or Nynorsk. There is general agreement that a wide range of differences makes it difficult to estimate the number of different Norwegian dialects. Variations in grammar, syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation cut across geographical boundaries and can create

1825-534: Is today to a large extent the same language as Bokmål though somewhat closer to the Danish language. It is regulated by the unofficial Norwegian Academy , which translates the name as 'Standard Norwegian'. The other is Høgnorsk ('High Norwegian'), a more purist form of Nynorsk, which maintains the language in an original form as given by Ivar Aasen and rejects most of the reforms from the 20th century; this form has limited use. Nynorsk and Bokmål provide standards for how to write Norwegian, but not for how to speak

1898-496: Is widespread in western Norway, though not in major urban areas, and also in the upper parts of mountain valleys in the southern and eastern parts of Norway. Examples are Setesdal , the western part of Telemark county ( fylke ) and several municipalities in Hallingdal , Valdres , and Gudbrandsdalen . It is little used elsewhere, but 30–40 years ago, it also had strongholds in many rural parts of Trøndelag (mid-Norway) and

1971-709: The Allied withdrawal from Norway, the airbase was taken over by the Germans and mostly used as a base for fighters, bombers and reconnaissance planes operating against the Murmansk convoys . Fighters from Bardufoss also had the task of providing aerial support for naval operations in the area. When British Avro Lancasters began to bomb the battleship Tirpitz on 12 November 1944 in Operation Catechism at Håkøya near Tromsø , calls to Bardufoss failed to save

2044-634: The British Isles , France ( Normandy ), North America, and Kievan Rus . In all of these places except Iceland and the Faroes, Old Norse speakers went extinct or were absorbed into the local population. Around 1030, Christianity came to Scandinavia , bringing with it an influx of Latin borrowings and the Roman alphabet . These new words were related to church practices and ceremonies, although many other loanwords related to general culture also entered

2117-466: The Cold War , training was especially concentrated during the winter with repair parties during the Norwegian summer. These operations were given the title of "Clockwork". 69°03′22″N 18°32′25″E  /  69.056111°N 18.540278°E  / 69.056111; 18.540278 Bardufoss Airport Bardufoss Airport ( Norwegian : Bardufoss lufthavn ; IATA : BDU , ICAO : ENDU )

2190-613: The Germanic peoples living in Scandinavia during the Viking Age . Today there are two official forms of written Norwegian, Bokmål (Riksmål) and Nynorsk (Landsmål), each with its own variants. Bokmål developed from the Dano-Norwegian language that replaced Middle Norwegian as the elite language after the union of Denmark–Norway in the 16th and 17th centuries and then evolved in Norway, while Nynorsk

2263-684: The Norwegian Army Air Service completed the air station, which was expanded by them and later the Luftwaffe during World War II . Civilian operations commenced in 1956, with Bardufoss and Bodø Airport being the only land airports in Northern Norway . Services were initially provided by Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS). Bardufoss served Troms and Ofoten , until the 1964 opening of Tromsø Airport and 1973 opening of Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes cut away most of

Bardufoss Air Station - Misplaced Pages Continue

2336-699: The Vietnam War . The Royal Norwegian Air Force 's six remaining Bells (making a total of 18) are stationed at the 720 Squadron at Rygge Air Station . In addition, the RNoAF Flight Training School is located here. The school operates the Saab Safari . UK Royal Naval Commando and Royal Marine units have used Bardufoss as a training base for many years. It is also used as a base for cold weather training for Royal Air Force , British Army and Royal Navy helicopter crews. During

2409-574: The 1959 standard. Therefore, a small minority of Nynorsk enthusiasts use a more conservative standard called Høgnorsk . The Samnorsk policy had little influence after 1960, and was officially abandoned in 2002. While the sound systems of Norwegian and Swedish are similar, considerable variation exists among the dialects. The retroflex consonants only appear in East Norwegian dialects as a result of sandhi , combining / ɾ / with / d / , / l / , / n / , / s / , and / t / . The realization of

2482-475: The 20th century, being used by large newspapers, encyclopedias, and a significant proportion of the population of the capital Oslo, surrounding areas, and other urban areas, as well as much of the literary tradition. Since the reforms of 1981 and 2003 (effective in 2005), the official Bokmål can be adapted to be almost identical with modern Riksmål. The differences between written Riksmål and Bokmål are comparable to American and British English differences . Riksmål

2555-501: The Dano-Norwegian koiné , known as "cultivated everyday speech." A small adjustment in this direction was implemented in the first official reform of the Danish language in Norway in 1862 and more extensively after his death in two official reforms in 1907 and 1917. Meanwhile, a nationalistic movement strove for the development of a new written Norwegian. Ivar Aasen , a botanist and self-taught linguist, began his work to create

2628-630: The Luftwaffe, and a second runway, 1,850 by 90 meters (6,070 by 300 ft) long, was built at Fossmoen, but never used. The airport was reclaimed by the RNoAF in 1945, who started using a water aerodrome on the lake of Andsvann. A runway extension in 1952 and 1953 to 2,500 meters (8,200 ft) was financed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . A government commission published a report in 1947 which recommended

2701-455: The Ministry of Culture, official spelling, grammar, and vocabulary for the Norwegian language. The board's work has been subject to considerable controversy throughout the years. Both Nynorsk and Bokmål have a great variety of optional forms. The Bokmål that uses the forms that are close to Riksmål is called moderate or conservative , depending on one's viewpoint, while the Bokmål that uses

2774-479: The North Germanic languages. Faroese and Icelandic are not mutually intelligible with Norwegian in their spoken form because continental Scandinavian has diverged from them. While the two Germanic languages with the greatest numbers of speakers, English and German, have close similarities with Norwegian, neither is mutually intelligible with it. Norwegian is a descendant of Old Norse , the common language of

2847-529: The air station was a de Havilland Tiger Moth on 26 March 1938, making it the country's oldest air station still operational. During World War II , RAF Gloster Gladiators ( No. 263 Squadron RAF ) and Hawker Hurricanes ( No. 46 Squadron RAF ) operating from Bardufoss played a vital part in keeping the Luftwaffe at bay during the fighting on the Narvik front in the April–June 1940 Norwegian Campaign . After

2920-420: The airline taking over the three weekly Oslo-services from 1 January 1999. The airport hit a temporary high 190,000 passengers in 2000, largely because of increased military activity. This dropped to 150,000 in 2003. A new terminal opened on 16 January 2004, costing NOK 5.85 million. Construction took four months and the main contractor, Thor Olsen, built the terminal without profits. The old terminal building

2993-644: The eighth grade onwards, pupils are required to learn both. Out of the 431 municipalities in Norway, 161 have declared that they wish to communicate with the central authorities in Bokmål, 116 (representing 12% of the population) in Nynorsk, while 156 are neutral. Of 4,549 state publications in 2000, 8% were in Nynorsk, and 92% in Bokmål. The large national newspapers ( Aftenposten , Dagbladet , and VG ) are published in Bokmål or Riksmål. Some major regional newspapers (including Bergens Tidende and Stavanger Aftenblad ), many political journals, and many local newspapers use both Bokmål and Nynorsk. A newer trend

Bardufoss Air Station - Misplaced Pages Continue

3066-485: The first centuries AD in what is today Southern Sweden. It is the earliest stage of a characteristically North Germanic language, and the language attested in the Elder Futhark inscriptions, the oldest form of the runic alphabets . A number of inscriptions are memorials to the dead, while others are magical in content. The oldest are carved on loose objects, while later ones are chiseled in runestones . They are

3139-501: The forms that are close to Nynorsk is called radical . Nynorsk has forms that are close to the original Landsmål and forms that are close to Bokmål. Opponents of the spelling reforms aimed at bringing Bokmål closer to Nynorsk have retained the name Riksmål and employ spelling and grammar that predate the Samnorsk movement. Riksmål and conservative versions of Bokmål have been the de facto standard written language of Norway for most of

3212-417: The historical connection to Old Norwegian. Today, this meaning is often lost, and it is commonly mistaken as a "new" Norwegian in contrast to the "real" Norwegian Bokmål. Bokmål and Nynorsk were made closer by a reform in 1938. This was a result of a state policy to merge Nynorsk and Bokmål into a single language, to be called Samnorsk . A 1946 poll showed that this policy was supported by 79% of Norwegians at

3285-467: The language of the elite, the church, literature, and the law. When the union with Denmark ended in 1814, the Dano-Norwegian koiné had become the mother tongue of around 1% of the population. From the 1840s, some writers experimented with a Norwegianised Danish by incorporating words that were descriptive of Norwegian scenery and folk life, and adopting a more Norwegian syntax. Knud Knudsen proposed to change spelling and inflection in accordance with

3358-610: The language. The Scandinavian languages at this time are not considered to be separate languages, although there were minor differences among what are customarily called Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian , Old Gutnish , Old Danish, and Old Swedish . The economic and political dominance of the Hanseatic League between 1250 and 1450 in the main Scandinavian cities brought large Middle Low German –speaking populations to Norway. The influence of their language on Scandinavian

3431-555: The language. No standard of spoken Norwegian is officially sanctioned, and most Norwegians speak their own dialects in all circumstances. Thus, unlike in many other countries, the use of any Norwegian dialect, whether it coincides with the written norms or not, is accepted as correct spoken Norwegian. However, in areas where East Norwegian dialects are used, a tendency exists to accept a de facto spoken standard for this particular regional dialect, Urban East Norwegian or Standard East Norwegian (Norwegian: Standard østnorsk ), in which

3504-531: The languages in Europe, Norwegian derives from Proto-Indo-European . As early Indo-Europeans spread across Europe, they became isolated from each other and new languages developed. In northwest Europe, the Germanic languages evolved, further branching off into the North Germanic languages , of which Norwegian is one. Proto-Norse is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic during

3577-502: The minimal pairs are written alike, since written Norwegian has no explicit accent marks. In most eastern low-tone dialects, accent 1 uses a low flat pitch in the first syllable, while accent 2 uses a high, sharply falling pitch in the first syllable and a low pitch in the beginning of the second syllable. In both accents, these pitch movements are followed by a rise of intonational nature (phrase accent)—the size (and presence) of which signals emphasis or focus, and corresponds in function to

3650-430: The neutral name Riksmål , meaning 'national language' like Landsmål , and this was officially adopted along with the 1907 spelling reform. The name Riksmål is sometimes interpreted as 'state language', but this meaning is secondary at best. (Compare to Danish rigsmål from where the name was borrowed.) After the personal union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, both languages were developed further and reached what

3723-414: The normal accent in languages that lack lexical tone , such as English. That rise culminates in the final syllable of an accentual phrase, while the utterance-final fall common in most languages is either very small or absent. There are significant variations in pitch accent between dialects. Thus, in most of western and northern Norway (the so-called high-pitch dialects) accent 1 is falling, while accent 2

SECTION 50

#1732783418740

3796-584: The oldest written record of any Germanic language. East Germanic languages West Germanic languages Icelandic Faroese Norwegian Danish Swedish Around 800 AD, the script was simplified to the Younger Futhark , and inscriptions became more abundant. At the same time, the beginning of the Viking Age led to the spread of Old Norse to Iceland , Greenland , and the Faroe Islands . Viking colonies also existed in parts of

3869-656: The population served. Braathens SAFE started flights to Bardufoss in 1967 and a new arrivals hall opened in 1972. Until 1992 the Norwegian Armed Forces operated their own charter services, after which these were coordinated with civilian scheduled services. Braathens took over the Oslo-route in 1999, a new terminal opened in 2004 and Norwegian Air Shuttle took over the Oslo route in 2008. From February 1, 2020, SAS reinstated year-round flights to Bardufoss after

3942-442: The principles of Norwegian orthography, e.g. zebra in Norwegian is written sebra . Due to historical reasons, some otherwise Norwegian family names are also written using these letters. Some letters may be modified by diacritics : é , è , ê , ó , ò , and ô . In Nynorsk, ì and ù and ỳ are occasionally seen as well. The diacritics are not compulsory, but may in a few cases distinguish between different meanings of

4015-527: The rhotic / ɾ / depends on the dialect. In Eastern, Central, and Northern Norwegian dialects, it is a flap [ ɾ ] , whereas in Western and Southern Norway, and for some speakers also in Eastern Norway, it is uvular [ ʁ ] or [ χ ] . And in the dialects of North-Western Norway, it is realized as [ r ] , much like the trilled ⟨rr⟩ of Spanish. Norwegian

4088-747: The service from Bardufoss was extended to those towns. Tromsø Airport opened the following year, reducing the number of services to Bardufoss. SAS flew the Sud Aviation Caravelle to Bardufoss for the first time in 1963 and introduced the Douglas DC-7 in 1965. From 1964 the Norwegian Armed Forces organized its own flights through chartered aircraft. Braathens SAFE received permission in 1967 to extend its West Coast route from Bergen to Trondheim onwards to Bodø, Tromsø and Bardufoss. Widerøe took over some of SAS flights between Bodø, Tromsø, Andenes and Bardufoss in 1971. The terminal

4161-800: The service. Norwegian issued a tender for ground handling , which resulted in Røros Flyservice winning ahead of the incumbent SAS Ground Services . This resulted in a court case which deemed the action conveyance and forced Røros Flyservice to pay the same wage as in SAS. Røros Flyservice spun operation into the subsidiary Bardufoss Flyservice, which ultimately went bankrupt. SAS operated a summer route from Bardufoss to Oslo each summer from 2010 to 2012. Norwegian started with an intermediate landing in Bodø on one of their daily Oslo flights from 2011. The Ministry of Defence decided in January 2012 to build

4234-467: The ship. The fighters failed to scramble in time and Tirpitz was sunk in ten minutes by two Tallboy bombs . Luftwaffe ace Heinrich Ehrler was originally stripped of command and sentenced to three years in prison because of this. He later died in combat when he rammed an American B-17 Flying Fortress over Germany. The 339 Squadron was moved to Bardufoss in 1964 while the 337 Squadron arrived in 1983. The Royal Norwegian Air Force Flight Training School

4307-606: The southern part of northern Norway ( Nordland county). Today, Nynorsk is the official language of not only four of the nineteen Norwegian counties but also various municipalities in five other counties. NRK , the Norwegian broadcasting corporation, broadcasts in both Bokmål and Nynorsk, and all governmental agencies are required to support both written languages. Bokmål is used in 92% of all written publications, and Nynorsk in 8% (2000). Like some other European countries, Norway has an official "advisory board"— Språkrådet (Norwegian Language Council)— that determines, after approval from

4380-401: The three grammatical genders from Old Norse to some extent. The only exceptions are the dialect of Bergen and a few upper class sociolects at the west end of Oslo that have completely lost the feminine gender. According to Marit Westergaard , approximately 80% of nouns in Norwegian are masculine. Norwegian and other Scandinavian languages use a suffix to indicate definiteness of

4453-442: The time. However, opponents of the official policy still managed to create a massive protest movement against Samnorsk in the 1950s, fighting in particular the use of "radical" forms in Bokmål text books in schools. In the reform in 1959, the 1938 reform was partially reversed in Bokmål, but Nynorsk was changed further towards Bokmål. Since then Bokmål has reverted even further toward traditional Riksmål, while Nynorsk still adheres to

SECTION 60

#1732783418740

4526-426: The unofficial Høgnorsk is more conservative than Nynorsk and is far closer to Faroese , Icelandic and Old Norse . Norwegians are educated in both Bokmål and Nynorsk. Each student gets assigned a native form based on which school they go to, whence the other form (known as Sidemål ) will be a mandatory school subject from elementary school through high school. For instance, a Norwegian whose main language form

4599-447: The vocabulary coincides with Bokmål. Outside Eastern Norway , this spoken variation is not used. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Danish was the standard written language of Norway. As a result, the development of modern written Norwegian has been subject to strong controversy related to nationalism , rural versus urban discourse, and Norway's literary history. Historically, Bokmål is a Norwegianised variety of Danish, while Nynorsk

4672-568: The word, e.g.: for ('for/to'), fór ('went'), fòr ('furrow') and fôr ('fodder'). Loanwords may be spelled with other diacritics, most notably ï, ü , á and à . The two legally recognized forms of written Norwegian are Bokmål (literally 'book tongue') and Nynorsk ('new Norwegian'), which are regulated by the Language Council of Norway ( Språkrådet ). Two other written forms without official status also exist. One, called Riksmål ('national language'),

4745-589: Was hijacked by Haris Keč on 3 November 1994. The Bosnian living in Norway made demands that Norwegian authorities help to stop the humanitarian suffering in his home country caused by the Bosnian War . None of the crew of 6 and 122 passengers were injured in the incident, which ended with a surrender at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen seven hours later. [REDACTED] Media related to Bardufoss Airport at Wikimedia Commons Norwegian language Norwegian ( endonym : norsk [ˈnɔʂːk] )

4818-487: Was completed in September 1993. Plans for a new terminal commenced with the coordination of civilian and military flights, which had initially resulted in the old civilian terminal being closed. An early proposal was to build a new arrivals hall and keeping the former military terminal as a departures hall. The airport handled 142,100 passengers in 1997. The armed forces signed an agreement with Braathens, resulting in

4891-487: Was completed in mid-1936 and tested using a de Havilland Tiger Moth . The Army Air Service decided to expand the airport and built a triangular gravel runway 500-by-400-by-300-meter (1,640 by 1,310 by 980 ft), which became operational from mid-1938. Further expansions were carried out in 1939 and 1940. During the German occupation of Norway the runway was expanded to 1,600 by 80 meters (5,250 by 260 ft) in concrete by

4964-459: Was demolished free of charge. SAS and Braathens merged in 2004, creating SAS Braathens . The Tromsø bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics , which published its application in 2007, recommended that Bardufoss Airport be the reserve airport for the event and would function as a secondary airport. Norwegian won the tender for military air transport services from 2008, resulting in the airline commencing flights from Bardufoss to Oslo, with SAS terminating

5037-758: Was developed based upon a collective of spoken Norwegian dialects. Norwegian is one of the two official languages in Norway, along with Sámi , a Finno-Ugric language spoken by less than one percent of the population. Norwegian is one of the working languages of the Nordic Council . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries who speak Norwegian have the opportunity to use it when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable for any interpretation or translation costs. Like most of

5110-685: Was established at Bardufoss Airport in 1992 as the world's northernmost flight school . It chose the airport because of its difficult weather and terrain in combination with few aircraft movements from commercial aviation. The use of military charter flights was debated from 1976. While they were cost-efficient for the military, merging them with civilian routes would increase the patronage of scheduled services, which would increase frequency and aircraft size. Coordinate flights were introduced in October 1992 and resulted in three weekly services with SAS to Oslo. A new control tower , costing NOK 55 million,

5183-477: Was extended in 1972 with a new arrivals hall. SAS introduced a freight aircraft on the route from Oslo to Bodø, Bardufoss and Tromsø from 1982, using a Lockheed L-188 Electra operated by Fred. Olsen Airtransport . The route proved unprofitable and was terminated in 1989. The airport was classified as an international airport until 1985. A new cafeteria opened in the terminal in 1988. The airport served 85,300 passengers in 1990. The Norwegian Aviation College

5256-412: Was half a hangar leased from the air station. Bardufoss was the only land airport north of Bodø and its catchment area included the towns of Tromsø , Harstad and Narvik . Travel time to Narvik was three hours, Harstad was six hours away and Tromsø was 140 kilometers (87 mi) by road. The towns were also served by the coastal seaplane route, but it only operated during the summer. Widerøe launched

5329-489: Was moved to Bardufoss from Trondheim Airport, Værnes in 2003. 2024: The Air Force uses the Underground hangar at the air station, after 40 years, to receive F-35 fighter jets. Two squadrons of helicopters are stationed on this airfield: 337 operating Lynx MK 86 (since 1983) and 339 with Bell 412 SP (since 1964). The 337 Squadron operates six Lynx MK 86 helicopters, which were delivered in 1983. Their purpose

#739260