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39-620: Bareilly Sharif Dargah is a Dargah (shrine) or mausoleum of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi , a 19th-century islamic scholar and polymath, who is known for his staunch opposition of the Wahhabism movement in India . It is located in Bareilly district in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . The Dome of the Dargah was designed by Shah Mehmood Jaan Qadri with the use of Matchsticks. In 2014 during

78-636: A Muslim community or ethnic group in South Africa . They are the descendants of enslaved and free Muslims from different parts of the world, specifically Indonesia (at that time known as the Dutch East Indies ) and other Asian countries, who lived at the Cape during Dutch and British rule. Although early members of the community were from the Dutch colonies of Southeast Asia, by the 1800s,

117-560: A characteristic musical style. This includes a secular folk song type of Dutch origin, known as the nederlandslied . The language and musical style of this genre reflects the history of South African slavery , and the words and music often reflect sadness and other emotions related to the effect of enslavement. The nederlandslied shows the influence of the Arabesque style of singing and is unique in South Africa. The Silver Fez

156-635: A dome over the grave of Hadrat Zainab bint Jahsh , and Sayyidah Aisha on the grave of her brother Hadrat Abdur-Rahman and Hadrat Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya on the grave of Hadrat Ibn Abbas . So Whoever has classified building domes to be disliked (Makrooh) has said so if they are built in order to show off." (Imam Badr al-Din al-Ayni , also writes the same in his book Umdat al-Qari - commentary of Sahih Bukhari ) Cape Malay Cape Malays ( Afrikaans : Kaapse Maleiers , کاپز ملیس in Arabic script ) also known as Cape Muslims or Malays , are

195-522: A written language, initially using an Arabic script . "Malay" was legally a subcategory of the Coloured racial group during the apartheid era. The Dutch East India Company established a colony at the Cape of Good Hope (the Dutch Cape Colony ) as a resupply station for ships travelling between Europe and Asia, which developed into the city of Cape Town . The Dutch had also colonised

234-544: Is a composite of " dar ( در )" meaning "door, gate" and " gah ( گاه )" meaning "place". It may have a connection or connotation with the Arabic word " darajah ( دَرَجَة )" meaning "stature, prestige, dignity, order, place" or may also mean "status, position, rank, echelon, class". Some Sufi and other Muslims believe that dargahs are portals by which they can invoke the deceased saint's intercession and blessing (as per tawassul , also known as dawat-e qaboor [ Persian : da‘wat-i qabũr دعوتِ قبور , " invocations of

273-399: Is called shirk . They believe Islamic prophet Muhammad strongly condemned the practice of turning graves into places of worship and even cursed those who did so. The current Wahhabi rulers of Saudi Arabia have destroyed more than 1400-year-old grave sites of companions and ahl al-bayt including Othman , Khadija and Aisha amongst numerous others, although visiting graves

312-686: Is encouraged in Islam to remember death and the Day of Judgment . Sufis, refute such claims on the basis of misquotation of hadith. The hadith "Let there be curse of Allah upon the Jews and the Christians for they have taken the graves of their apostles as places of worship.(Sahih Muslim)" , is directed towards the disbelievers not the Muslims who took graves as place of worship i.e. they prayed facing towards

351-645: Is estimated that there are about 166,000 people in Cape Town who could be described as Cape Malay, and about 10,000 in Johannesburg . The Malay Quarter of Cape Town is found on Signal Hill and is called the Bo-Kaap . Many Cape Malay people also lived in District Six before they, among other South African people of diverse ethnicity, mainly Cape Coloureds , were forcefully removed from their homes by

390-637: Is not possible to accurately reconstruct the origins of slaves in the Cape, it has been estimated that roughly equal proportions of Malagasies , Indians , Insulindians (Southeast Asians), and continental Africans were imported, with other estimates showing that the majority of slaves originated in Madagascar . Many "Indiaanen" and "Mohammedaanen" Muslim political prisoners brought from Southeast Asia were imprisoned on Robben Island . Among these were Tuan Guru, first chief imam in South Africa. Sheikh Madura

429-747: Is proven to be permissible from the Quran and practice and rulings of the Sahaba . Narrating the incident of the People of the Cave [Ashaab-e-Kahf), the Holy Quran states, “The person who was dominant in this matter said, “We shall build a Masjid over the People of the Cave.”– [Surah Kahf. Verse 21] Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi explains the above Quran verse in his famous Tafsir al Kabeer , "And when Allah said 'Those who prevailed over their affair' this refers to

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468-467: Is the " Holy Grail " of the musical subculture. The contest involves thousands of musicians and a wide variety of tunes, with all-male choirs from the Malay community competing for the prize. A 2009 documentary film directed by Lloyd Ross (founder of Shifty Records , ) called The Silver Fez , focuses on an underdog competing for the award. The annual Cape Town Minstrel Carnival (formerly known as

507-466: The Afrikaans sociolect spoken by subsequent generations. Adaptations of traditional foods such as bredie , bobotie , sosaties , and koeksisters are staples in many South African homes. Faldela Williams wrote three cookbooks, including The Cape Malay Cookbook , which became instrumental in preserving the cultural traditions of Cape Malay cuisine. The Cape Malay community developed

546-552: The Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia), which formed a part of the Dutch Empire for several centuries, and Dutch Malacca , which they held from 1641 until 1824. Islamic figures such as Sheikh Yusuf , a Makassarese noble and scholar from Sulawesi , who resisted the company's rule in Southeast Asia, were exiled to South Africa. They were followed by slaves from other parts of Asia and Africa. Although it

585-457: The Muslim ruler or the friends of Ashaab al Kahf (i.e. believers) or the leaders of town. 'We will surely build a Mosque over them' so that we can worship Allah in it and preserve the relics of companions of the cave due to this mosque" [Tafsir al-Kabeer, 5/475]. Imam Abu al-Walid al-Baji , quotes in his book Al-Muntaqa Sharh al-Muwatta (commentary of Muwatta Imam Malik ), "Hadrat Umar built

624-463: The ra'king , gom-gom , and besem (also known as skiffelbas ). The ghomma has been traditionally used mostly for marching or rhythmic songs known as the ghommaliedjie , while the guitar is used for lyrical songs. Connections between Malaysians and South Africans improved when South Africa rejoined the international community . This was welcomed by the Malaysian government and many others in

663-517: The British ban on slave imports in 1808, reducing the need to communicate with newcomers. Asian and non-Asian Muslims interacted socially despite the initial linguistic differences and gradually blended into a single community. In 1836, the British colonial authorities estimated that the Cape Malay population at the time was around 5,000 out of a total population for the Cape of 130,486. "Malay"

702-720: The Cape married into the Cape Malay community, with their children being classified as Cape Malay. Muslim men in the Cape started wearing the Turkish fez after the arrival of Abu Bakr Effendi , an imam sent from the Ottoman Empire at the request of the British Empire to teach Islam in the Cape Colony . At a time when most imams in the Cape were teaching the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence , Effendi

741-517: The Coon Carnival) is a deep-rooted Cape Malay cultural event; it incorporates the comic song, or moppie (often also referred to as ghoema songs), as well as the nederlandslied . A barrel-shaped drum, called the ghoema (also spelled ghomma , or known as dhol ), is also closely associated with Cape Malay music, along with other percussion instruments such as the rebanna ( rebana ) and tamarien ( tambourine ). Stringed instruments include

780-561: The Muslim establishment in the colony, and the newly freed slaves subsequently adopted the Malay language used by the Asians. Thus, Malay was the initial lingua franca of Muslims, though they came from East Africa, Madagascar, and India as well as Indonesia, and established the moniker "Malay" for all Muslims at the Cape, irrespective of their geographic origins. By the 19th century, the term

819-458: The apartheid government and redistributed into townships on the Cape Flats . The founders of the Cape Malay community were the first to bring Islam to South Africa. The community's culture and traditions have also left an impact that is felt to this day. The Muslim community in Cape Town remains large and has expanded significantly since its inception. A dialect of Malay emerged among

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858-475: The enslaved community and later spread among colonial European residents of Cape Town between the 1780s and the 1930s. A unique dialect formed during this period from a substrate of Betawi spoken in Batavia (present-day Jakarta ), from which all major Dutch East India Company shipments took place, combined with Tamil , Hindustani , and Arabic influences. A significant number of this vocabulary has survived in

897-425: The followers of Sufi saints . Many Muslims believe their wishes are fulfilled after they offer prayer or service at a dargah of the saint they follow. Devotees tie threads of mannat ( Persian : منّت , "grace, favour, praise") at dargahs and contribute to langar and pray at dargahs. Over time, musical offerings of dervishes and sheikhs in the presence of the devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on

936-468: The graves or tombs"] or ‘ilm-e dawat [ Persian : ‘ilm-i da‘wat عِلمِ دعوت , "knowledge of invocations "]). Still others hold a less important view of dargahs, and simply visit as a means of paying their respects to deceased pious individuals or to pray at the sites for perceived spiritual benefits. However, dargah is originally a core concept in Islamic Sufism and holds great importance for

975-492: The graves, this is not the practice of Sufis as they do not take graves as their Qibla (direction). As for constructing structure over grave, it is refuted on the basis that the grave of Prophet Muhammad and the first two Khalifa, Abu Bakr and Umar , itself have a structure over it. To construct a building, shelter or edifice around the graves of the Auliya Allah (Friends of Allah) and Scholars of Islam or nearby

1014-700: The observation of the death anniversary of Ahmed Raza Khan ( Urs-e-Razvi ) at the Dargah-e-Ala Hazrat, Muslim clerics condemned the terrorism practiced by the Taliban and the ideology of the Wahhabi sect . Although the Dargah was once the main site for the Urs-e-Razavi , the official Urs is also now observed in a dozen countries. This is due to the large crowds and the arrival of many scholars. Dargah The same structure, carrying

1053-521: The occasion of Urs , gave rise to musical genres like Qawwali and Kafi , wherein Sufi poetry is accompanied by music and sung as an offering to a murshid , a type of Sufi spiritual instructor. Today they have become a popular form of music and entertainment throughout South Asia , with exponents like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen taking their music to various parts of the world. Sufi shrines are found in many Muslim communities throughout

1092-521: The product of a set of histories and communities as much as it is a definition of an ethnic group. Since many Cape Malay people have found their Muslim identity to be more salient than their "Malay" ancestry, in some contexts, they have been described as "Cape Malay", or "Malays", and others as "Cape Muslim" by people both inside and outside of the community. Cape Malay ancestry includes people from South and Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and Khoekhoe descent. Later, Muslim male " Passenger Indian " migrants to

1131-558: The revered Saint Mu'in al-Din Chishti . In China , the term gongbei is usually used for shrine complexes centered around a Sufi saint's tomb. There are many active dargahs open to the public worldwide where aspirants may go for a retreat. The following is a list of dargahs open to the public. The Ahl-i Hadith , Deobandi , Salafi and Wahhabi religious scholars argue against the practice of constructing shrines over graves, and consider it as associating partners with God, which

1170-507: The same rate. In the latter part of the 18th century, conversions to Islam of rural non-Asian slaves increased due to a Dutch colonial law that encouraged owners to educate their slaves in Christianity, and following their baptism , to allow them to buy their freedom. This consequently resulted in slave owners, fearful of losing their slaves, not enforcing Christianity amongst them. This, in turn, allowed Islamic proselytisers to convert

1209-493: The same social meanings and sites of the same kinds of ritual practices, is called maqam in the Arabic-speaking world. Dargah today is considered to be a place where saints prayed and mediated (their spiritual residence). The shrine is modern day building which encompasses of actual dargah as well but not always. Dargah is derived from a Persian word which literally means "portal" or "threshold." The Persian word

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1248-530: The site of festivals ( milad ) held in honor of the deceased saint on the anniversary of his death ( urs ). The shrine is illuminated with candles or strings of electric lights at this time. Dargahs in South Asia, have historically been a place for all faiths since the medieval times; for example, the Ajmer Sharif Dargah was a meeting place for Hindus and Muslims to pay respect and even to

1287-515: The slaves. There were also skilled Muslim labourers called Mardijkers from Southeast Asia who settled in the Bo-Kaap area of Cape Town. After the British took the Cape and began phasing out slavery in the first half of the 19th century, the newly freed non-Asian Muslim rural slaves moved to Cape Town, the only centre of Islamic faith in the region. The South and Southeast Asians constituted

1326-520: The term "Malay" encompassed all practising Muslims at the Cape regardless of origin. Since they used Malay as a lingua franca and language of religious instruction, the community began to be referred to as Malays. Malays are concentrated in the Cape Town area. The community played an important role in the history of Islam in South Africa , and its culinary culture is an integral part of South African cuisine . Malays helped to develop Afrikaans as

1365-599: The world and are called by many names. The term dargah is common in the Persian-influenced Islamic world, notably in Iran, Turkey and South Asia. In South Africa , the term is used to describe shrines in the Durban area where there is a strong Indian presence, while the term keramat is more commonly used in Cape Town , where there is a strong Cape Malay culture. In South Asia, dargahs are often

1404-592: Was exiled in the 1740s and died on Robben Island; his kramat (shrine) is still there today. Although the majority of slaves from Southeast Asia were already Muslims, along with many Indians, those from Madagascar and elsewhere in Africa were not. The slaves from Asia tended to work in semi-skilled and domestic roles, and they made up a disproportionate share of 18th-century manumissions , who subsequently settled in Bo-Kaap , while those from elsewhere in Africa and Madagascar tended to work as farmhands and were not freed at

1443-505: Was legally a subcategory of the Coloured race group during Apartheid , though the delineation of Malays and the remaining defined Coloured subgroups by government officials was often imprecise and subjective. The Cape Malays ( Afrikaans : Kaapse Maleiers , کاپز ملیس in Arabies script ) also known as Cape Muslims or simply Malays, are a Muslim community or ethnic group in South Africa. The Cape Malay identity can be considered

1482-739: Was the first teacher of the Hanafi school and established madrassas (Islamic schools) in Cape Town. Effendi, in common with many Turkish Muslims, wore a distinctive red fez. Many Cape Malay men continue to wear the red fez (in particular the Malay choirs ), although black was also common, and more recently, other colours have become popular. The last fez-maker in Cape Town closed shop in March 2022; 76-year-old Gosain Samsodien had been making fezzes in his home factory in Kensington for 25 years. It

1521-468: Was used to describe anyone at the Cape who was a practising Muslim, despite Afrikaans having overtaken Malay as the group's lingua franca . The community adopted Afrikaans as a lingua franca to ease communication between Asian and non-Asian Muslims (who had adopted the Dutch used by their masters), and because the utility of Malay and the Malayo-Portuguese language were diminished due to

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