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88-545: Barking is a riverside town in East London , England, within the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . It is 9.3 miles (15 km) east of Charing Cross . The total population of Barking was 59,068 at the 2011 census. In addition to an extensive and fairly low-density residential area, the town centre forms a large retail and commercial district, currently a focus for regeneration. The former industrial lands to

176-463: A borough-based learning facility. It was officially opened on 10 June 2008 by John Denham , Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills . The town centre development intends to improve the quality and range of housing, aiming to create 4,000 new homes: 25% will be intermediate housing, affordable for local residents to buy. There will be 4,000 socially rented homes, making it easier for first-time buyers and people with low incomes to rent

264-523: A business centre; and to widen employment prospects, mainly by creating new "retail and business accommodation", to increase the income of both existing and new residents. The regeneration also aims to improve people's skills. This is mainly achieved through the Barking Learning Centre , which aims to improve literacy, numeracy and other basic skills people may be lacking due to a previous lack of educational development. It currently acts as

352-544: A city in its own right, on account of its large size and social disengagement from the rest of London. The majority of the rail network in East London was built within fifty years from 1839. The first through the area was the Eastern Counties Railway from Mile End to Romford, extended to Shoreditch in 1840. The London and Blackwall Railway built a line from Minories to Blackwall the same year and

440-520: A contemporary art gallery (the Laura I Gallery ), with a view to regenerating the area in part by drawing out the industrial heritage architecture. One such Victorian building is a former Malthouse. Adjacent to this building stands a cluster of buildings together styled the Ice House Quarter , which includes a former Ice House and a former Boat House A new building, Ice House Court references

528-498: A glorious city and congregation shall be strengthened and honoured by such a patron." On the journey to London with the body, the River Lee is said to have parted to make way for the dead saint. After a great fire in 1087 (one of several Erkenwald's relics are said to have survived) the relics were put in a silver shrine. This shrine was put in a new, vast crypt, specially built to hold the "valuable remains of St. Erkenwald" in

616-465: A high price. People who practised this method of fishing were known as 'codbangers'. By 1850 there some 220 smacks, employing some 1,370 men and boys. The boats were typically 75 feet (23 m) long carrying up to 50 tons. During the wars of the 17th and 18th centuries they were often used as fleet auxiliaries by the Royal Navy , based at nearby Chatham Dockyard . The opening of rail links between

704-690: A municipal borough, a historical pageant featuring over 2000 performers took place in October 1931. Made of ten acts, the Elizabethan section was performed in part by the local Women's Citizens League. Vicarage Field Shopping Centre is located on Ripple Road in Barking town centre. It was opened in November 1990. Barking is located 9.3 miles (15 km) east of Charing Cross in Central London. It

792-560: A non-league side. The team merged with East Ham F.C. to form Barking & East Ham United in 2001. This club later struggled and went out of business, but Barking F.C. was later reformed once again. Barking RFC are the town's rugby union team. Cricket, basketball and hockey are also popular sports in the area. A Parkrun takes place in Barking Park. Barking Town Centre has a number of recently commissioned sculptures and public art works . In 2007, two small stones from remains of

880-498: A number of manor houses in the borough, including Valence House, Jenkins, Parsloes and Faulks, and gifted the Leet House to the residents of Barking. The Parishes of England were, with a few exceptions, fixed for around 700 years from the late 12th century onwards. The huge Manor of Barking was served by two Ancient Parishes , Barking and Dagenham . This reversed the usual situation (for smaller, and even quite large Manors) where

968-494: A parish would serve one or more manors. As with other manors, the area held by the declined over time, but the parish boundaries based on its former extent remained constant. The Parish of Barking covered the areas now known as Barking and Ilford . Barking was a large ancient parish of 12,307 acres (49.80 km) in the Becontree hundred of Essex. It was divided into the wards of Chadwell, Ilford, Ripple and Town. A local board

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1056-679: A property. To help make the development more sustainable, all private sector homes were to meet the Government's decency standards by 2010. Plans for the new town square were unveiled in September 2007. The development is part of the Mayor of London 's 100 Public Spaces, and it was completed in 2008, designed by muf architecture/art and Allford Hall Monaghan and Morris. It won the European Prize for Urban Public Space . Roding Riverside

1144-590: A result of increased levels of immigration, Barking's population has become more multicultural and ethnically diverse, with growing South Asian and African communities forming a significant proportion of the local population. Between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, the White British population in the local borough fell by 38.75 per cent. Local businesses and places of worship reflect Barking's diversity, with churches of various Christian denominations, mosques and gurdwaras serving as major community hubs. In

1232-943: A station beside the Vicarage Field Shopping Centre. The western end of the Yiwu-London railway line from China to the UK is located in Barking at the DB Eurohub. It ran its first service in January 2017. Neil Young recorded two tracks for his classic album Harvest , "A Man Needs a Maid" and "There's a World" with the London Symphony Orchestra at Barking Assembly Hall (now the Broadway theatre), released in 1972. Electronic band Underworld named their 2010 album Barking after

1320-512: A storm in December 1863, off the Dutch coast, which caused the deaths of 60 men and damage estimated at £6000–7000. Many of its leading figures, including Hewett & Co, moved to Great Yarmouth and Grimsby . By 1900 Barking had ceased to be a fishing port, leaving only street and pub names as a reminder. A large modern steel sculpture entitled "The Catch" is another reminder. The sculpture is on

1408-630: A visit to Barking Abbey. His remains were buried at a pilgrimage shrine in Old St Paul's Cathedral . For a period immediately after the Norman Conquest, St Earconwald was marginalised in religious practice. The Normans replaced most of the English eccelsiastical office holders, either immediately, or upon their death with the appointment of a Norman cleric as successor. The most important collection of early materials concerning Earconwald

1496-1060: Is a patron saint of London. Prior to the Reformation , the anniversaries of his death as well as his translation were observed at St Paul's as feasts of the first class, by an ordinance of Bishop Braybroke in 1386. The following Antiphon and Collect for the Feast of St Erkenwald is recorded: " De Sancto Erkenwaldo Episcopo. Antipho: O decus insigne, nostrum pastorumque benigne, O lux Londonie, pater Erkenwalde beate, Quem super astra Deum gaudes spectare per eum, Aspice letantes tua gaudia nos celebrantes, Et tecum vite fac participes sine fine. V. Ora pro nobis beate Erkenwalde. R. Ut digni efficiamur. "Oratio. Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, apud quem est continua semper Sanctorum festivitas Tuorum, presta, quesumus, ut qui memoriam beati Erkenwaldi pontificis agimus, ab hostium nostrorum eruamur nequitia: et ad eternorum nos provehi concedas premiorum beneficia. Per. Pater noster. Ave Ma" (Concerning Saint Erkenwald

1584-467: Is a name given to an area of Barking comprising the stretch of Abbey Road south of St Pauls Road, which runs parallel to the River Roding / Barking Creek and the area between. The quarter is post-industrial. Many buildings are late 20th century or early 21st century residential and commercial buildings, but some are Victorian industrial buildings adapted for use in arts and leisure fields, including

1672-614: Is associated with a very early Anglo-Saxon phase of building at St Paul's Cathedral , and William Dugdale says he began the building. In recent times he has been portrayed in novels and films, for example in the work of Bernard Cornwell . The diocese of London was coterminous with the Kingdom of Essex , making the Bishop of London the Bishop of the East Saxons. Earconwald was of royal ancestry. William Dugdale states that he

1760-469: Is bordered by Ilford to the north, Dagenham to the east and East Ham to the west. Barking Town Centre is being regenerated through a number of schemes. It is one of the most deprived areas of Barking. The Abbey and Gascoigne wards in the town centre are ranked 823rd and 554th respectively - within the 10% most deprived wards in the country. The regeneration aims to achieve a more sustainable economy by investing in new quality retail outlets and creating

1848-503: Is generally the lowest elevated of London's four cardinal points because of the wide Thames that runs here; the only hills here are in northern areas distant from the river in the boroughs of Havering, Redbridge and Waltham Forest. In Tower Hamlets, the population peaked in 1891 and growth was restricted to the outer boroughs. By 1971 the population was declining in every borough. By the 2011 United Kingdom census, this had reversed and every borough had undergone some growth in population. At

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1936-692: Is governed by a London borough council local authority. Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham and Redbridge are members of the East London Waste Authority . Some local government functions are held by the Greater London Authority , made up of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . East London is located in the lower Thames valley. The major rivers of East London are the Thames that forms

2024-705: Is situated mostly north of the A13 road and east of the River Roding near its confluence with the River Thames in east London. The Thames View Estate, Barking Reach (a small housing estate) and Barking Riverside are south of the A13. The South Woodford to Barking Relief Road (part of the A406 North Circular Road) runs through the Roding Valley, and access to the town centre is by its junction with

2112-646: Is the Miracula Sancti Erkenwaldi , preserved as a 12th-century manuscript in the Matthew Parker collection (Parker 161) at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge . The miracle in the poem is not in these materials, suggesting that the story post-dates this manuscript. Earconwald was the subject of the alliterative St Erkenwald Poem , written in the fourteenth century by a poet from the Cheshire / Shropshire / Staffordshire area. The text

2200-663: Is thought to be the work of the Pearl Poet whose identity is debated and uncertain. If it is true that it is within the set of this author's work, that would mean that text shares its author with: The poem is significant in the way it deals with the spiritual welfare of people who could not hear the Christian message, and critics have compared it to the Beowulf poem in this regard. The poem has survived in only one manuscript, British Library MS Harley 2250. The document

2288-513: Is uncertain, but is known to be an ancient name. The concept of East London as a distinct area is a relatively recent innovation. John Strype 's map of 1720 describes London as consisting of four parts: The City of London , Westminster , Southwark and That Part Beyond the Tower . From the late 19th century the term East End of London was used to describe areas immediately adjacent to the City in

2376-550: The A124 , which until the late 1920s was the main route to and from London. Barking station is a local transport hub and is served by the London Underground , London Overground , c2c and London Bus and East London Transit routes. The east of Barking is served by Upney Underground station and the area south of the A13 is served by Barking Riverside railway station . The East London Transit bus rapid transit has

2464-504: The Becontree Hundred and historic county of Essex . It underwent a shift from fishing and farming to market gardening and industrial development on the River Thames . Barking railway station opened in 1854 and has been served by the London Underground since 1908. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, The Urban District of Barking significantly expanded and increased in population, primarily due to

2552-591: The Domesday Book of that year. Barking was a huge Manor (landholding), first mentioned in a charter in 735 AD (though the Abbey is believed to have been founded in 666 AD). The Manor covered the areas now known as Barking, Dagenham and Ilford. The Manor was held by the Nunnery of Barking. The Fanshawes were a prominent local family who were lords of the manor of Barking from 1628 to 1857. They owned and lived in

2640-683: The Elizabeth line . There are road tunnels at Rotherhithe and Blackwall , with the Woolwich Ferry further east. There are foot tunnels to Greenwich and Woolwich . In 1870, the Tower Subway cable railway tunnel was converted to pedestrian use; it was closed in 1898, following the opening of Tower Bridge. A cable car service opened in 2012. 51°33′N 0°6′E  /  51.550°N 0.100°E  / 51.550; 0.100  ( East London ) Erkenwald He

2728-598: The Northern and Eastern Railway connected Lea Bridge and Tottenham with the Eastern Counties at Stratford. The Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway started passenger service on their line from Stratford to Canning Town, Custom House and North Woolwich in 1847. This made Stratford a significant railway junction and location of railway works. The East & West India Docks & Birmingham Junction Railway connected Kingsland with Bow and Poplar in 1850 and

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2816-527: The coat of arms of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . Eastbury Manor House in Barking is a Grade I listed 16th century Elizabethan manor house and museum run by the National Trust . Fishing was the most important industry from the 14th until the mid-19th centuries. Salt water fishing began before 1320, when too fine nets were seized by City authorities, but expanded greatly from

2904-486: The 16th century and the area that would later become known as the East End began to take shape. Until about 1700, London did not extend far beyond the walled boundaries of the City of London. However, the population in the parishes to the east of the City of London was rising and this led to a need to break up the large ancient parish of Stepney into smaller units to provide adequate religious and civil administration. It

2992-526: The 16th century. Fisher Street (now the southern part of Abbey Road) was named after the fishing community there. From about 1775 welled and dry smacks were used, mostly as cod boats, and rigged as gaff cutters . Fishermen sailed as far as Iceland in the summer. They served Billingsgate Fish Market in the City of London , and moored in Barking Pool. Scymgeour Hewett, born on 7 December 1797, founded

3080-447: The 2011 census, the largest ethnic group in Abbey ward (which covers Barking town centre) was Pakistani at 17%, followed by 16% White British, 15% Black African, 13% Indian and 11% Other White. Gascoigne ward (southern Barking) was 26% White British, 26% Black African and 13% Other White. Longbridge ward (eastern Barking) was 35% White British, 18% Bangladeshi and 11% Pakistani. Barking's population grew steadily after urbanisation began in

3168-439: The 2021 census Barking and Dagenham, Havering and Redbridge surpassed their earlier population peaks. The total population of this area in 2021 was 1.9 million people. The population change between 1801 and 2021 was as follows: The City of London and West London are connected to South London by more than thirty bridges, but East London is only connected by Tower Bridge at its innermost edge. The reasons for this include

3256-504: The 20th century new industrial estates were established, and many local residents came to be employed in the car plant at Dagenham . On 3 September 1878 the iron ship Bywell Castle ran into the pleasure steamer Princess Alice in Gallions Reach , downstream of Barking Creek . The paddle steamer was returning from the coast via Sheerness and Gravesend with nearly 800 day-trippers. She broke in two and sank immediately, with

3344-748: The Berne tapestry (copied from paintings by Roger van der Wayden of the Brussels Town Hall in the mid-1400s, which were lost in the conflicts of the 1600s) and apparently repeated in the Cologne Town Hall in the High Medieval period, provides a visual expression of the themes. The intention of this art was to remind judges to dispense impartial justice. His feast day is 30 April, with successive translations (see below) being celebrated on 1 February, 13 May and 14 November. He

3432-437: The Bishop. Antiphon: O distinguished God, our kind shepherd, O light of London, blessed father Erkenwald, Whom above the stars you rejoice to behold God through him, Look upon us celebrating your joys, and live with you without end. V. Pray for us blessed Erkenwald. R. That we may become worthy. Prayer. Almighty and everlasting God, with whom is the continual festival of Thy Saints, grant, we beseech, that we who commemorate

3520-460: The Goblin for short) is to be renamed the "Suffragette Line" in her honour. Boat building has a long history, being used for the repair of some royal ships of Henry VIII . In 1848, 5 shipwrights, 4 rope- and line-makers, 6 sail-makers and 4 mast-, pump-, and block-makers are listed in a local trade directory. Hewett & Co continued in boat building and repair until 1899. Other industries replaced

3608-765: The Legend of Trajan and the Miracle of St Gregory ; that legend itself being referred to in the Divine Comedy by Dante ( Purgatorio (x. 73-75) and Paradiso (xx 106-117)). Another possible inspiration for the plot in the poem is found in Kaiserchronik , the Middle High German history of Roman and German emperors dating to around 1150. Some familiarity with the story is also contended for St Thomas Aquinas . Within pictorial art,

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3696-517: The North Sea ports and London meant it was quicker to transport fish by train straight to the capital rather than waiting for ships to take the longer route down the east coast and up the River Thames . By the 1850s the Thames was so severely polluted that fish kept in chests quickly died. Consequently, the fishery slipped into decline in the second half of the 19th century. The decline was hastened by

3784-606: The Rights of Women , lived in Barking, then a small rural market town for some of her childhood. Wollstencraft was born in Spitalfields in 1759, but the family moved to Barking when her father, a weaver, moved to Barking to try to become a farmer. Annie Huggett, who died aged 104 in 1996, was from a young age, a prominent local Suffragette activist. Huggett's long life meant she was the last living Suffragette. The Gospel Oak and Barking Overground railway line (generally nicknamed

3872-484: The Short Blue Fleet (England's biggest fishing fleet) based in Barking, using smacks out of Barking and east coast ports. Around 1870 this fleet changed to gaff ketches that stayed out at sea for months; to preserve the fish they used ice produced by flooding local fields in winter. Fleeting involved fish being ferried from fishing smacks to gaff cutters by little wooden ferry-boats. The rowers had to stand, as

3960-655: The Thames and east of the City of London that stretched as far as Chingford and Epping Forest, which was similar to the definition used by Robert Sinclair in 1950 that stretched east to include Barking and Dagenham. This broadly matched the Metropolitan Police District east of the city and north of the Thames at that time, and now corresponds to the boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest in Greater London . The East End of London ,

4048-780: The Tower division of Middlesex. Charles Booth in 1889 defined East London as the County of London between the City of London and the River Lea . In 1902, Booth considered this area to be the "true East End", and his attention had been drawn eastward over the Lea into the Borough of West Ham , which was then outside London, and geographically in Essex, but under the authority of neither; in 1857 Charles Dickens termed it "London-over-the-Border". Walter Besant described East London as an area north of

4136-622: The Treasury is likely to confirm funding in the Chancellor of the Exchequer's Autumn 2013 statement. The development will also provide new public facilities, creating "a variety of living, working, leisure and cultural amenities". Two new primary schools and one secondary school will be built, and the public will have access to two kilometres of Thames river front. The Rivergate Centre, designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects , provides

4224-566: The Walthamstow line in 1873 and extended to Chingford. The London and Blackwall built an extension to Millwall and North Greenwich on the Isle of Dogs in 1872 and the Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway was extended to Beckton in 1873, and Gallions in 1880. The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway connected Barking with Dagenham, Hornchurch and Upminster in 1885, and Romford with Upminster in 1893. The final piece of original railway works

4312-486: The ancient City of London and north of the River Thames as it begins to widen. East London developed as London's docklands and the primary industrial centre. The expansion of railways in the 19th century encouraged the eastward expansion of the East End of London and a proliferation of new suburbs. The industrial lands of East London are today an area of regeneration, which are well advanced in places such as Canary Wharf and ongoing elsewhere. The etymology of London

4400-410: The ancient market right . The market declined in the 18th century but has since been revived. St Margaret's Church is a grade I listed building in the Abbey Green area of the Town Centre, dating back to the 13th century. It is built within the grounds of Barking Abbey , a former royal monastery, whose ruins are recognisable for its partially restored Grade-II* Listed Curfew Tower, which features on

4488-410: The blessed high priest Erkenwald, may be delivered from the wickedness of our enemies: and grant us to advance to the eternal blessings of the first. Through [Jesus Christ]. Our Father. Ave Maria) The old St Paul's Cathedral's "greatest glory was the Shrine of St Erkenwald". The shrine rivalled that of Edward the Confessor at Westminster Abbey . It is said that on the death of St Erkenwald, there

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4576-415: The boats were piled high with fish boxes. Rowers refused to wear their bulky cork lifejackets because it slowed down their rowing. At first the fast 50-foot gaff cutters with great booms projecting beyond the sterns raced the fish to port to get the best prices. Until about 1870 the trade was mostly in live fish, using welled smacks in which the central section of the hull, between two watertight bulkheads,

4664-414: The civic facilities for the initial phase of Barking Riverside, while a new square and 3FE primary school, which includes embedded community facilities, a nursery, church, flexible office suites for the PCT and Community Development Trust, as well as a MUGA and sports pitches are also planned. As yet unbuilt, the second phase provides 90 flats, local shops and a neighbourhood police post. In recent years, as

4752-437: The crowds. The shrine was constantly enriched by canons and by the merchants of London, well into the 15th century, and miracles were reported at the site of the shrine into the 16th century. The citizens of London took special pride in the magnificent shrine, and had a special devotion to St Erkenwald. Amongst the Ashmole manuscripts in the Bodleian Library is the following entry in Ashmole's own hand that concerns work on

4840-411: The development of the London County Council estate at Becontree in the 1920s, and became a municipal borough in 1931, and part of Greater London in 1965. The manor of Barking was the site of Barking Abbey , a nunnery founded in 666 by Eorcenwald, Bishop of London , destroyed by the Danes and reconstructed in 970 by King Edgar . The celebrated writer Marie de France may have been abbess of

4928-434: The eastern gates on London's largely lost Roman and medieval city wall , was said to have been repaired by Earconwald, and to have taken its name from him. Earconwald is said to have spent a good deal on the early building of St Paul's,and in later times he almost occupied the place of a traditionary founder; the veneration paid to him was second only to that which was rendered to St. Paul. Earconwald died in 693 while on

5016-413: The extension of the Docklands Light Railway at Barking Riverside DLR station , and the extension of the Gospel Oak to Barking line of the London Overground from Barking railway station to Barking Riverside, completed in 2022. Barking and Dagenham Council has said that it does not believe the 10,800-home brownfield development to be viable without improved transport connections, and expects that

5104-466: The late 19th century. Barking's population (if defined as approximating to the Abbey, Eastbury, Gascoigne and Longbridge wards) was 48,340 in 2011. Primary schools include Northbury Primary School, Eastbury Primary School, St Margaret's Church of England and St Joseph's Roman Catholic. Secondary schools include Barking Abbey School. Lady Aisha Academy is an independent Muslim Girls Secondary School which opened in September 2011 on Victoria Road. The town

5192-403: The loss of more than 600 lives, the highest single loss of civilian lives in UK territorial waters. At that time there was no official body responsible for marine safety in the Thames; but the official enquiry resolved that the Marine Police Force based at Wapping be equipped with steam launches to replace their rowing boats to help them perform rescues. To mark the incorporation of Barking as

5280-457: The medieval London Bridge were joined in a sculpture in front of St Margaret's church facing the Barking Abbey ruins as part of several public artworks placed in Barking Town Centre by artist Joost Van Santen. Notable footballers from Barking include former England captains and defenders Bobby Moore and John Terry . The successful racing driver Scott Malvern who has won British and European Championships in Formula Ford and Formula Renault

5368-414: The nautical trades, including jute spinning, paint and chemicals manufacture. By 1878 Daniel de Pass had opened the Barking Guano Works (later de Pass Fertilisers Ltd , part of Fisons ) at Creekmouth . Creekmouth was also the site of the major Barking Power Station from 1925 until the 1970s, burning coal shipped in by river; the current station known as Barking is further east near Dagenham Dock . In

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5456-467: The nunnery in the late 12th century. At the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536, Barking Abbey was demolished; the parish church of St Margaret , some walling and foundations are all that remain. The parish church is an example of Norman architecture ; Captain James Cook married Elizabeth Batts of Shadwell there in 1762, and it is the burial place of many members of the Fanshawe family of Parsloes Manor. A charter issued between 1175 and 1179 confirms

5544-611: The old Ice House and provides more artist studio space. The Barking Riverside development is part of the London Riverside project, which aims to regenerate the Thames riverside area of East London through new homes, jobs, and services. Barking Riverside consists of 350 acres (1.4 km) of brownfield land and therefore needs site clearance and the removal of overhead power lines before it can go ahead. Construction began in 2008, with completion due around 2025. 10,000 homes are to be built, housing around 25,000 people. New transport links will be provided, including East London Transit and

5632-472: The old core of modern East London, began with the medieval growth of London beyond the city walls , along the Roman roads leading from Bishopsgate and Aldgate , and also along the river. Growth was much slower in the east, and the modest extensions there were separated from the much larger suburbs in the west by the marshy open area of Moorfields adjacent to the wall on the north side, which discouraged development in that direction. Urbanisation accelerated in

5720-506: The preface to his laws. Current historical scholarship credits Earconwald with a major role in the evolution of Anglo-Saxon charters, and it is possible that he drafted the charter of Caedwalla to Farnham. When St Fursey (a Celtic cleric who did much to establish Christianity throughout the British Isles and particularly in East Anglia ) died in 650 he was buried in a church built specially by Earconwald in Péronne which has claimed Fursey as patron ever since. Bishopsgate , one of

5808-457: The role of abbess. Earconwald himself served as Abbot of Chertsey. A charter states that in the late seventh century, he and Frithwald gave land in Streatham and Tooting Graveney to Chertsey Abbey; this grant was confirmed in the time of Athelstan in 933. A legend says that he often preached to the woodmen in the wild forests that lay to the north of London. In 675, Earconwald became Bishop of London , succeeding Bishop Wine . He

5896-537: The roundabout at the end of Fanshawe Avenue. The local fishing heritage is recorded at Valence House Museum . Barking Abbey was a female monastery founded in the mid 7th Century by St Erkenwald . His sister St Ethelburga was the first Abbess. Until its dissolution by Henry VIII in 1539, the Abbey was a major centre of female learning. It has been described as "perhaps the longest lived...institutional centre of literary culture for women in British history". The author Mary Wollstonecraft , author of A Vindication of

5984-464: The shrine in 1448: " Pondus Cancelli ferrei ante Altare Sancti Erkenwaldi facti Ao Dni. 1448 per manus Stephani Clampard, fabri, sumptibus Decani et Capituli elevati ibidem vi. die Junii anno predicto, 3438 lb. precii cujuslibet lb. cum ferra 4d. Summa 641. 2s. Expens. in ferro 3438 lb. precio cujuslibet vs. Summa 8 li. 16 s. 8 d. Item in vasos ferri ixc precio ut supra. Summa xlv s. Item in Stannum ad dealban. Summa viij. li. (The weight of

6072-409: The south are being redeveloped as Barking Riverside . The name Barking came from Anglo-Saxon Berecingas , meaning either "the settlement of the followers or descendants of a man called Bereca" or "the settlement by the birch trees". In AD 735 the area was Berecingum and was known to mean "dwellers among the birch trees ". By AD 1086, it had become Berchingae as evidenced by the manor's entry in

6160-403: The southern boundary; the Lea which forms the boundary of Tower Hamlets/Hackney with Newham/Waltham Forest; the Roding which approximately forms the boundary of Newham with Barking and Dagenham/Redbridge; and the Beam which forms the boundary of Barking and Dagenham with Havering. The marshes along the Thames which once stretched from Wapping to Rainham are almost completely gone. East London

6248-470: The time his relics were placed behind the high altar of St Paul's they were supposed to have been with the couch in which he was carried in his declining years, fragments of which were associated with miracles. In the time of Bede , it was recorded that miracles were effected by this couch. It is recorded that the servants of the church could only move the relics of St Erkenwald "clandestinely at night" because to do otherwise would have created hysteria among

6336-557: The town. The band are associated with nearby Romford . The artist Ramz wrote a song called " Barking " in 2017. Bedrock is the local hospital radio service available online to the local area and broadcasting a range of health-related information focused on the local King George Hospital in Goodmayes and Queen's Hospital in Romford. The Barking & Dagenham Post provides local news in print and online. Barking F.C. are

6424-490: The urban footprint was constrained in 1878 by the protection of Epping Forest and later the implementation of the Metropolitan Green Belt . The density of development increased during the interwar period , and new industries developed, such as Ford at Dagenham . The industries declined in the later part of the 20th century (and earlier), but East London is now an area of regeneration. London Docklands

6512-664: The widening of the River Thames as it gets further east, and also the need, until relatively recently, to avoid impediments to the river traffic of the strategic London Docklands . Until the end of the 20th century the East was connected to the South by just one railway line, the East London Line . The Jubilee Line Extension opened in 1999, was supplemented by extensions to the Docklands Light Railway and

6600-416: The wider new building which was built to replace the lost St. Paul's by Bishop Maurice. The body was transferred to a shrine in the cathedral in 1140. In 1314, Bishop Gilbert de Segrave laid the first stone of a new shrine to which the relics of St. Erkenwald were translated twelve years later. By accounts, the relics were sealed in a leaden casket fashioned in the form of "a gabled house or church". By

6688-463: Was a prince, a son of the house of King Offa , King of the Essex or the East Saxons; He may have been born in the Kingdom of Lindsey in modern Lincolnshire . In 666, he established two Benedictine abbeys, Chertsey Abbey in Surrey for men, and Barking Abbey for women. His sister, Æthelburh , was Abbess of Barking. Earconwald is said to have engaged Hildelith to instruct Æthelburh in

6776-453: Was a struggle between the canons of St. Paul's and the monks of Chertsey as to who should bury him, during which the people of London brought his body to St. Paul's. The people of London, bringing the body to the city, are supposed to have said: "We are like strong and vigorous men who will... undermine and overturn cities heavily fortified with men and weapons before we give up the servant of God, our protector... we ourselves intend that such

6864-482: Was abolished in 1965 and split, with the majority merged with the former area of the Municipal Borough of Dagenham to form the London Borough of Barking . The part west of the River Roding , which included part of Beckton , became part of the London Borough of Newham . In 1980 the borough was renamed Barking and Dagenham. Historically, Barking was an ancient parish that straddled the River Roding in

6952-504: Was born in Barking Hospital. Jason Leonard , who won 119 caps as a rugby union prop forward , was born in Barking and began his club career at Barking RFC . The singer-songwriter and activist Billy Bragg was born in Barking, as was U2 guitarist The Edge , and singer Megan McKenna . Actor Danny Lee Wynter was born in Barking. East London East London is the northeastern part of London , England, east of

7040-760: Was defined in the 1980s as the area of redevelopment under the control of the London Docklands Development Corporation . The Thames Gateway extends into East London with two areas of activity: the Lower Lea Valley around the Olympic site and London Riverside adjacent to the Thames. There are seven London boroughs that cover areas of Greater London to the north of the Thames and east of the City of London. They are Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. Each London borough

7128-414: Was discovered in 1757 by Thomas Percy ; the manuscript had been in the possession of Sir Humphrey Pitt of Balcony House, Shifnal, and Priorslee, Shropshire . Other important ancient literary materials narrowly avoided being burnt as kindling by household staff in the circumstances in which Percy was discovering this important cultural survival. The poem has been linked thematically and in plot terms with

7216-410: Was formed for Town ward in 1882 and it was extended to cover Ripple ward in 1885. In 1888 Ilford and Chadwell were split off as a new parish of Ilford , leaving a residual parish of 3,814 acres (15.43 km). The parish became Barking Town Urban District in 1894 and the local board became an urban district council. The urban district was incorporated as the Municipal Borough of Barking in 1931. It

7304-479: Was pierced to create a 'well' in which seawater could circulate. Cod caught live were lowered into this well, with their swim bladders pierced, and remained alive until the vessel returned to port, when they were transferred to semi-submerged 'chests', effectively cages, which kept them alive until they were ready for sale. At this point they were pulled out and killed with a blow on the head before being despatched to market, where because of their freshness they commanded

7392-459: Was renamed North London Railway in 1853. In 1854 the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway connected Forest Gate on the Eastern Counties with Barking and Rainham. The East London Railway was opened in 1869. The Great Eastern Railway connected Lea Bridge with Walthamstow in 1870, and in 1872 built a connection from the Eastern Counties line at Bethnal Green to Hackney Downs. This was connected to

7480-424: Was the choice of Archbishop Theodore of Canterbury . It is also said that his selection as Bishop of London was at the insistence of King Sebbi . An ancient epitaph says that Earconwald served as bishop of London for eleven years. He was granted the manor (landholding) of Fulham about the year 691 for himself and his successors as Bishop of London . The manor house was Fulham Palace . Nine centuries later, it

7568-612: Was the construction of the Great Eastern loop line to connect Woodford with Ilford via Fairlop in 1903. Areas further east developed in the Victorian and Edwardian eras after the expansion of the railways in the 19th century. Development of suburban houses for private sale was later matched by the provision of large-scale social housing at Becontree in the 1920s and Harold Hill after the Second World War . However,

7656-588: Was the industries associated with the River Thames , such as shipbuilding and the docks, that encouraged growth in the east, and by 1650, Shadwell was a developed maritime settlement. The docks in Tower Hamlets started to reach capacity in the early 19th century, and in 1855 the Royal Victoria Dock was opened in Newham. By 1882, Walter Besant and others, were able to describe East London as

7744-554: Was the summer residence of the Bishops of London. Earconwald was an important contributor to the reconversion of Essex, and the fourth Bishop of London since the restoration of the diocese , and he was present at the reconciliation between Archbishop Theodore and Wilfrith . While bishop, he contributed to King Ine of Wessex 's law code, and is mentioned specifically in the code as a contributor. King Ine named Earconwald as an advisor on his laws and called Earconwald "my bishop" in

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