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33-832: It is bordered by Sool and Sanaag to the west, Nugal to the south, the Gulf of Aden to the north and the Guardafui Channel to the east. It is located on the tip of the Horn of Africa . Its name, Bari, literally means East in Somali. In terms of landmass, Bari is the largest region in Somalia. The highest point in this region is Mount Bahaya , the third tallest mountain in Somalia with an elevation of 2120 meters; other notable peaks include Karkaar and Cal Miskaad mountains. In 2024, Islamic State (IS) fighters wrested control of

66-634: A legislative body and an executive body, with ongoing initiatives to establish a judicial body. The Legislative Assembly Council of the SSC-Khaatumo administration commenced its term on 7 July 2023, with the swearing-in of 45 members. These members were selected by regional Garaads and Sultans on 6 July 2023. The SSC-Khatumo Legislative Assembly Council assembly convened on 1 August 2023, in Las Anod to select its leadership. Jama Yasin Warsame secured

99-466: A major disagreement between the president and vice-president of the administration, Ali Khalif Galaydh and Abdulle Agalule respectively, which eventually produced two separate administrations that both claimed to be the legitimate government. The group led by Ali Khalif reached an agreement with Somaliland , at the town of Aynabo in October 2017, which stipulated that under the condition of changing

132-774: A period of mass civil unrest in Las Anod . The SSC movement was established in the first half of 2009. A meeting was held by the Dhulbahante clan to establish a regional government directly under the Federal Republic of Somalia, including residents of Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn. In early 2012, the Khaatumo State was established in Taleh , a significant town in the Sool region. This followed a series of events, including

165-596: A single clan grouping in the form of the Dhulbahante [...]. Sool boasts a degree of kinship homogeneity that is rare even in the Somali Horn". The Habr Je'lo clan of the Isaaq clan-family make up the vast majority of the population in western Sool, including the region's second largest town Aynaba , as well as the wider Aynaba District . The Habr Yunis sub-division of the Garhajis Isaaq also inhabit

198-672: A statement expressing their view that the UNSC "appears to be misinformed about the facts on the ground", stating that they took care to rigorously avoid civilian casualties, only firing to protect their defensive positions against the militia forces. On 25 August, the SSC administration overran two strongholds of the Somaliland National Army in Maraaga and Goja’adde, claiming to have captured numerous towns, weapons, vehicles. On

231-523: A ten-day conference, which concluded with the decision to establish the autonomous Khaatumo State of Somalia. Within a year of its founding, Khaatumo began to dissolve due to a lack of palpable results and by 2015 the proto state practically ceased to function, with the idea of an autonomous Khaatumo state having lost ground among the Dhulbahante, the clan that inhabits the area, a year after its establishment. In August 2016, Khatumo State commenced peace talks with Somaliland . The talks, however, caused

264-496: A vote of confidence from the SSC-Khaatumo 45-member committee to ensure their alignment with the administration's objectives. The Legislative Assembly Council unanimously approved the nine cabinet secretaries appointed by the President on 26 September, officially concluding the formation and assembly of both the executive and legislative bodies of the government. Khatumo maintains its own security forces. Exclusively financed by

297-526: The 2023 Las Anod conflict . On 6 February 2023, the Dhulbahante clan elders declared their intent to form a state government named "SSC-Khatumo" within Somalia. On 19 March, the traditional leaders met with a delegation of MPs from Federal Government of Somalia . After mass protests continuing from December into January 2023, the retreat of the Somaliland troops paved the way for the return of

330-568: The Cal Miskaad (Al Miskaad) mountain range in Bari from rival militant group Al Shabaab . Most of the inhabitants of the Bari region belong to the Somali ethnic group including Warsangeli , Majeerteen ,madhibaan Deshiishe , Kaskiqabe ,Leelkase Darood clans and other clans According to the 2015 Population Estimation Survey, the population was 1,887,568 inhabitants. This figure combines both

363-529: The Federal Government of Somalia . Fighting broke out earlier on the same day in Las Anod between Somaliland troops and Dhulbahante militias in the Sayadka Hill suburb (reportedly home to two committee members), with shots heard in the streets surrounding Hamd Hotel where Somaliland dignitaries were staying. On 8 February, the supreme Garad of Dhulbahante , Garad Jama Garad Ali , accused

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396-612: The SSC-Khaatumo Administration ( Somali : Maamulka SSC-Khaatumo ), is an autonomous administration in Northern Somalia , with its capital in Las Anod . It includes parts of the Sool , Sanaag , and Cayn regions (combined under the acronym "SSC") It is bordered by Puntland to the east, the Somali Region of Ethiopia to the south, Somaliland to the west and the Gulf of Aden to

429-654: The Transitional Constitution of the Puntland Regional Government of 2001, Puntland's territory is defined in terms of Somalia's official regions, Bari being one of them. In the years thereafter, Puntland changed its internal administrative division, and the Bari region was split in two: the southern half, roughly coinciding with the Qardho and Bandarbayla Districts, became the new region of Karkaar (also spelled as Karkar). It

462-542: The Security Council called for the immediate withdrawal of 'Somaliland' security forces and urged all parties to exercise restraint, refrain from provocative actions, incitement to violence, and inflammatory rhetoric. This is in order to de-escalate the situation on the ground, rebuild trust, and create the conditions for peace." The following day, the Somaliland Ministry of Foreign Affairs released

495-468: The Somaliland government of genocide, called for peace and declared Las Anod's intent to be governed from Mogadishu under the Federal Government of Somalia . Within the same week of February, fighting and civilian bombardments had killed at least 82 people in total and displaced 90% of the residents. The region had produced 185,000 internally displaced people and 60,000 refugees in February. On 2 March,

528-506: The city. On October 19, the government of Somalia recognized the state of SSC-Khaatumo as a federal member. Since the defeat of Somaliland troops in the base in Goojacde, much of Sool has been under the control of SSC-Khatumo. The Eastern part of the Sool region is almost exclusively inhabited by Dhulbahante . Michael Walls reports: "The residents of Sool overwhelmingly hail from

561-538: The collapse of the SSC movement . Khatumo is derived from an Arabic term meaning a "positive conclusion." The administration's stated aim was to bring development and stability to the region through the establishment of a locally based government. The conference in Taleh involved key personalities from the region and the diaspora, with support from local leaders and intellectuals. After extensive consultations, over 2,300 Dhulbahante clan members gathered in Taleh for

594-590: The constitution of Somaliland , the organization would become integrated within the Somaliland government. The agreement made by Ali Khalif Galaydh and Silanyo in October 2017 couldn't be implemented because it was rejected by the Isaaq clan and also by Muse Bihi , who won Somaliland's presidency in the November 2017 elections. This marked the end of the Khaatumo State until its reestablishment in 2023 during

627-425: The front line lies about 100km away from the city of Las Anod, where a military stalemate presently holds, and the carrying of weapons is strictly prohibited within the city. In accordance with a joint press release, Abdulqadir Firdhiye, the President of the newly formed SSC-Khatumo interim administration, was invited, along with a delegation, to Mogadishu . During a 10-day period, extensive discussions were held on

660-508: The mayor of Las Anod reported that Somaliland forces were bombing public buildings from the surrounding countryside including government institutions and hospitals. The UN also reported a casualty count of over 200 deaths. On 7 June, the UN Security Council released a statement reaffirming its "full respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, and unity of Somalia." They also stated, "The members of

693-554: The north. Following the capture of several army positions near Las Anod in August 2023, Khatumo forces effectively expelled Somaliland troops from Dhulbahante territory, securing most of their claimed area and establishing a new front line between the villages of Oog and Guumays in western Sool. SSC-Khaatumo was acknowledged as an interim administration by the Federal Government of Somalia on 19 October 2023, following its re-establishment on 6 February 2023, as SSC-Khaatumo after

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726-670: The political, security, and humanitarian situation in the disputed region. Ultimately, on 19 October 2023, the Federal Government agreed to endorse the statement by traditional elders during their conference in Las Anod on 6 February 2023, which stated that SSC-Khatumo was not under the authorities of Puntland or Somaliland, but under the Federal Government. Additionally, the Federal Government called on Somaliland authorities and SSC-Khatumo to halt hostilities and release prisoners, expressing readiness to facilitate associated activities. Khaatumo's government structure comprises

759-687: The position of Speaker, garnering 25 votes out of the available 45, while Jama Adan Osman was elected as the Vice Speaker. Abdiqadir Ahmed Aw-Ali (Firdhiye) became the President of the SSC-Khatumo Administration on 5 August 2023, receiving 30 out of 45 total votes. Mohamed Abdi Ismail (Shiine) was elected as the Deputy President. President Abdiqadir Ahmed Aw-Ali announced the appointment of cabinet secretaries on 12 September, each nominated secretary underwent

792-459: The region. On 8 April 2013, the Puntland government announced the creation of a new region named Gardafuul . Carved out of the Bari region, it consists of three districts and has its capital at Alula . Sool, Somaliland Sool ( Somali : Sool , Arabic : صول ) is a disputed administrative region (gobol). It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to

825-420: The rural and urban populations of Bari as well all IDPs (internally displaced persons). In the official administrative divisions of Somalia , the Bari region consists of the following seven districts: The Bari region is the largest region of the 18 administrative regions of Somalia and it contains following districts. In 1998, Bari became a part of Puntland , an autonomous region in northeastern Somalia. In

858-648: The same day, the Somaliland Ministry of Defense released a statement saying, "The National Army is in the midst of reorganization and serious preparation to confront the enemy." Following the capture of the Goojacade army base, in Fall 2023 the frontline shifted to western Sool, emerging between the villages of Oog and Guumays. According to the Crisis Group , this division roughly corresponded to boundaries between Isaaq and Dhulbahante clans. As of August 2024,

891-477: The south and Nugal , Bari to the east. Its capital city is Las Anod . The region is disputed by the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and SSC-Khatumo . The region is partially controlled by both polities. From 1944 to 1974, the Sool region was formerly Las Anod district. It was one of three districts under British protection. The other two districts were the Burao and hargeysa districts. In 1974 most Sool

924-636: The state administration, they are tasked with assuring local security and defending the region's borders. According to Khatumo President Abdikhadir Ahmed Aw-Ali , the forces are well trained and armed. Khatumo troops have been deployed in defense positions in Guumays area against Somaliland troops in Oog and other border towns within Khatumo-Somaliland border. On 11 February 2024, President Firdhiye appointed General Saleban Barre Hasan to be

957-406: The supreme Garad of Dhulbahante , Garad Jama Garad Ali – a community leader exiled from Las Anod since 2007. Rumor spread of a grand meeting of all Dhulbahante clan elders, followed by speculation that the elders would vote to exile Somaliland security forces from the city. On 6 February 2023, the Dhulbahante clan elders declared their intent to form a state government named "SSC-Khatumo" within

990-793: The western parts of Hudun and Las Anod districts in northern Sool. The Dhulbahante sub-division of the Harti Darod clan primarily inhabits the Taleh , eastern Hudun and Las Anod districts in eastern Sool. The Fiqishini sub-clan of the Habar Gidir Hawiye integrated into Baho Nugaaled Dhulbahante, inhabit the area around Adhi'adeye . The Sool region consists of 4 districts: Caynabo, Xudun, Taleex and Laas Canood. 8°23′46″N 47°41′29″E  /  8.39611°N 47.69139°E  / 8.39611; 47.69139 SSC-Khatumo SSC- Khaatumo Administration ( Somali : SSC-Khaatumo ), officially known as

1023-444: Was part of the larger Nugaal region, with its capital at Garowe . It was established as a separate region in 1984 with its capital at Las Anod . Due to the prolonged conflict between Somaliland and Puntland, many Dhulbahante and Warsangeli living in the region did not recognize the Sool region and eastern Sanaag, as either Somaliland or Puntland. On 5 January 2023, Somaliland forces withdrew from Las Anod after mass civil unrest in

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1056-459: Was reported to have been elected as its president. Later, Barre Fatah Said there were possibilities of starting negotiation between Puntland Government and the founders of Raas Assayr state. The leaders of this prospective polity retracted their claims a few months later in June 2012, indicating that they now supported Puntland and were satisfied with the Puntland authorities' new development projects in

1089-498: Was subdivided into five new districts: Qardho, Bandarbayla, Waiye , Rako and Hafun Armo District . The northern half continued to be known as Bari and was split into seven districts: five of them keeping their original names ( Bosaso , Iskushuban , Ufayn , Qandala and Alula ), as well as three new ones: Carmo , Tisjiic and Bargal . Radio Galkacyo reported on 19 April 2011 that a new administration, called Raas Asayr, had been declared in parts of Bari Region. Farah Mahmud Yusuf

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