36-629: Baron Cobbold , of Knebworth in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . It was created in 1960 for the banker Cameron Cobbold . He was Governor of the Bank of England from 1949 to 1961. The 2nd Baron succeeded in 1987. In 1961, he assumed by deed poll the additional surname of Lytton, which was the maiden name of his mother Lady Hermione Lytton , through whom
72-490: A thegn of King Edward the Confessor . The name 'Knebworth' may mean either the farm belonging to the 5th century Saxon Dane , Cnebba, or simply There is an alternative interpretation, though, that the name could instead have meant 'village on the hill'. The spelling of the name 'Chenepeworde' has since changed to become the modern spelling of 'Knebworth'. The original village, now known as Old Knebworth, developed within
108-544: A long straight section of the Great North Road near Stretton, Rutland , was reputed to be another haunt of Dick Turpin. It was later renamed the Ram Jam Inn after a story from the coaching days. A coach passenger undertook to show the landlady the secret of drawing both mild and bitter beer from the same barrel. Two holes were made and she was left with one thumb rammed against one and the other jammed into
144-584: A mile to the west of what is now the town of Stamford . The Great North Road passed through the centre of Stamford, with two very sharp bends, re-joined the alignment of Ermine Street just before Great Casterton and continued as far as Colsterworth (at the A151 junction). Inns on this section included the George at Stamford and the Bell Inn at Stilton , the original sellers of Stilton cheese . At Colsterworth
180-577: A population of around 250 people but the Industrial Revolution and the railway coming to Knebworth changed that. Initial development of the newer Knebworth village was centred a mile to the east of Old Knebworth on the area around the new railway station and the Great North Road . The route of the railway – which was originally meant to go through Codicote to the west – was negotiated by Lord Lytton so that it would go through
216-526: A single performer. Knebworth is located within the local government district of North Hertfordshire . Knebworth Ward is a Multi Member Ward represented by two Councillors, Cllr Mandi Tandi , a Conservative , and Cllr Lisa Nash , a Liberal Democrat . Knebworth is located within the Hertfordshire County Council Division of Knebworth and Codicote and is represented by Cllr Richard Thake ( Conservative ). The Village
252-523: Is dropped off to go walking. His chauffeur, keen to get home for a date with the maid, is killed near Retford . In Cassandra Clare 's Clockwork Princess , the third volume of The Infernal Devices trilogy, Will Herondale takes the road after leaving London on his way to Wales to find Tessa Gray. The road also features in The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells , as the protagonists' brother tries to cross
288-486: Is published on paper only. Although it contains secular articles, the cost of production is underwritten by the Parochial Church Council, which has editorial control of the publication. The Stevenage Comet is delivered to a small number of homes in the village. Great North Road (Great Britain) The Great North Road was the main highway between England and Scotland from medieval times until
324-674: Is represented in Parliament by Stephen McPartland MP ( Conservative ) who was first elected as the MP for Stevenage in 2010. On 16 June 1990 the village was twinned with the commune of Châtelaillon-Plage in France. In their own words, the Knebworth Twinning Association exists to "encourage friendships between schools, sports clubs and social groups in the two towns". The group organises social events throughout
360-560: The 19th century when it was re-modelled into the present-day Tudor Gothic building. Knebworth was a largely agricultural community, producing wheat and barley in particular. The proximity to London via the Great North Road (subsequently the A1 , and now the B197 since the opening of the A1(M) motorway in 1962) made it possible to transport produce. By the start of the 19th century Knebworth had
396-456: The 20th century. It became a coaching route used by mail coaches travelling between London , York and Edinburgh . The modern A1 mainly parallels the route of the Great North Road. Coaching inns, many of which survive, were staging posts providing accommodation, stabling for horses and replacement mounts. Nowadays virtually no surviving coaching inns can be seen while driving on the A1, because
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#1732797582241432-699: The Bank, St Martin's church , the Golf Clubhouse and the telephone exchange. Knebworth has, since 1974, been famously associated with numerous major open air rock and pop concerts at Knebworth House . These include Knebworth Fair in 1976, featuring the Rolling Stones and Lynyrd Skynyrd , which had an attendance of almost 250,000 as well as Queen 's final live performance which took place on 9 August 1986 and drew an attendance estimated at 125,000. On 30 June 1990, Pink Floyd played at Knebworth. Nearly 31 years later, on 30 April 2021, this performance
468-689: The Great North Road diverges west of the Roman road and continues through Grantham , Newark , Retford and Bawtry to Doncaster . North of Doncaster the Great North Road again follows a short section of Ermine Street, the Roman Rigg or Roman Ridge . Further north the Great North Road crossed the Roman Dere Street near Boroughbridge from where it continued via Dishforth and Topcliffe to Northallerton and then through Darlington , Durham and Newcastle , on to Edinburgh. A road forked to
504-666: The Great North Road joined the Old North Road, an older route which followed the Roman Ermine Street . Here a milestone records mileages to London via both routes: 65 by the Old North Road and 68 by the Great North Road. From Alconbury the Great North Road follows the line of Ermine Street north, through Stilton , and crossed the River Nene at Wansford . Ermine Street crossed the River Welland about
540-491: The Great North Road somewhere near Barnet through a frenzied exodus of refugees from London, driven north by the approach of Martians from the south. In the oft-quoted first part of his essay England Your England , writer George Orwell refers to the "to-and-fro of the lorries on the Great North Road" as being a characteristic fragment of English life. The road is mentioned in Mark Knopfler 's song, "5:15 AM", from
576-566: The Park. Knebworth Woods is a Site of Special Scientific Interest . Knebworth has a railway station , which has four platforms, running on the East Coast Main Line . Southbound services run towards London King's Cross while northbound services run towards Cambridge and Peterborough . The station and its train services are operated by Great Northern . Statistics from UK Census 2011: The developed part of Knebworth around
612-479: The architect Edwin Lutyens built Homewood , south-east of Old Knebworth, as a dower house for Edith Bulwer-Lytton . Her daughter, the suffragette Constance Lytton , also lived there, until just before her death in 1923. Edith's third daughter, Lady Emily Bulwer-Lytton , had married Lutyens in 1897. Lutyens was responsible for a number of notable buildings in the new village of Knebworth as well, including
648-667: The building was demolished in 1782. The Great North Road followed St John Street to the junction at the Angel Inn where the local road name changes from St John Street to Islington High Street . When the General Post Office at St Martin's-le-Grand , in the historic Aldersgate ward, was built in 1829, coaches started using an alternative route, now the modern A1 road, beginning at the Post Office and following Aldersgate Street and Goswell Road before joining
684-578: The family inherited Knebworth House . From 2000 he was one of the ninety elected hereditary peers who remained in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999 , and sat as a cross-bencher until his retirement in 2014. The 2nd Baron died in May 2022 and was succeeded by his eldest son, the 3rd Baron. Several other members of the Cobbold family have also gained distinction. The first Baron
720-466: The first purpose-built sessions house for the Middlesex justices of the peace. The Hall was built in 1612, on an island site in the middle of St John Street (where St John's Lane branches to the west); this building was used as the initial datum point for mileages on the Great North Road (despite not being located at the very start of the road). Its site continued to be used for this purpose even after
756-581: The gateway to such 'exotic' destinations as Nottingham . The Lord Peter Wimsey short story "The Fantastic Horror of the Cat in the Bag" by Dorothy L. Sayers features a motorcycle chase along it. Similarly, Ruined City by Nevil Shute features an all night drive from Henry Warren's house in Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, along the road as far as Rowley and then to Greenhead near Hadrian's Wall, where Warren
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#1732797582241792-440: The grounds of Knebworth, and have a station built there. The Great Northern Railway , itself opened in 1850, opened a station at Knebworth in 1884. The station created a brand-new settlement called Knebworth Station – known later as New Knebworth, and later still, just as Knebworth – with the original village becoming known as Old Knebworth. Lord Lytton set up a company, Knebworth Garden Villages, to build homes either side of
828-544: The left at the bridge in Boroughbridge to follow Dere Street, and Scotch Corner to Penrith and on to Glasgow. Part of this route was the original A1, with a local road from Scotch Corner via Barton to Darlington making the link back to the old Great North Road. In the first era of stage coaches York was the terminus of the Great North Road. Along the route, Doncaster– Selby –York was superseded by Doncaster– Ferrybridge –Wetherby–Boroughbridge–Northallerton–Darlington,
864-560: The mid-nineteenth century coach services could not compete with the new railways. The last coach from London to Newcastle left in 1842 and the last from Newcastle to Edinburgh in July 1847. The highwayman Dick Turpin 's flight from London to York in less than 15 hours on his mare Black Bess is the most famous legend of the Great North Road. Various inns along the route claim Turpin ate a meal or stopped for respite for his horse. Harrison Ainsworth , in his 1834 romance Rookwood , immortalised
900-492: The modern route bypasses the towns in which the inns are found. The traditional start point for the Great North Road was Smithfield Market on the edge of the City of London . The initial stretch of the road was St John Street which begins on the boundary of the city (the site of the former West Smithfield Bars ), and runs through north London . Less than a hundred metres up St John Street, into Clerkenwell , stood Hicks Hall ,
936-432: The more direct way to Edinburgh, the final destination. The first recorded stage coach operating from London to York was in 1658 taking four days. Faster mail coaches began using the route in 1786, stimulating a quicker service from the other passenger coaches. In the "Golden Age of Coaching", between 1815 and 1835, coaches could travel from London to York in 20 hours, and from London to Edinburgh in 45 1 ⁄ 2 hours. In
972-555: The old route close to the Angel. The Angel Inn itself was an important staging post. From Highgate the original route is bypassed and is now called the A1000 road through Barnet to Hatfield . From there it largely followed the course of the current B197 road through Stevenage to Baldock . Roughly taking the route of the A1, the next stages were Biggleswade and Alconbury , again replete with traditional coaching inns. At Alconbury,
1008-489: The other; the trickster then made off. In literature Jeanie Deans of Sir Walter Scott 's novel The Heart of Midlothian travels through several communities on the Great North Road on her way to London. The road features in The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens . Part of the J. B. Priestley novel The Good Companions mentions the road, which represented to protagonist Jess Oakroyd (a Yorkshireman)
1044-627: The parish of the Church of St Mary and St Thomas . The stone church was built around 1120, and although the Domesday Book makes no mention of the church there is speculation to suggest there may have been a Saxon church of timber on the site before the more substantial one was built. The manor passed into the hands of the Lytton family around 1492, when the manor house was rebuilt to a Late Gothic manor house. The house changed very little until
1080-408: The railway embankment. Prior to this, only a few farmhouses had stood nearby, including Swangley's farm and Deards End farm. The station site eventually grew to include a signal box and goods yard to the north, approximately where Kerr Close is now. Migrants from London, neighbouring counties, and even more distant areas of the country came to work in the new settlement. At the turn of the century
1116-498: The railway station is approximately 120 ha. This gives a density of approximately 17 dwellings per hectare. Recent developments such as New Close, Kerr Close, Peter's Way and Woodstock and (the extension of) Wadnall Way have significantly increased this average density. The population of Knebworth has approximately doubled since 1970. The Knebworth Parish News is published monthly and delivered to around 800 homes in Knebworth. It
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1152-430: The ride. Historians argue that Turpin never made the journey, claiming that the ride was by John Nevison , "Swift Nick", a highwayman in the time of Charles II, 50 years before Turpin who was born and raised at Wortley near Sheffield. It is claimed that Nevison, in order to establish an alibi, rode from Gad's Hill, near Rochester, Kent , to York (some 190 miles (310 km)) in 15 hours. The Winchelsea Arms , an inn on
1188-532: The villages of Datchworth , Woolmer Green , Codicote , Kimpton , Whitwell , St Paul's Walden and Langley , and encompasses the village of Knebworth, the small village of Old Knebworth and Knebworth House . There is evidence of people living in the area as far back as the 11th century as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 where it is referred to as Chenepeworde with a recorded population of 33 households and land belonging to Eskil (of Ware),
1224-544: The year. Knebworth is twinned with: Education and leisure Places of worship Knebworth has a Non-League football club Knebworth F.C. who play at Knebworth Recreation Ground. Knebworth Tennis Club and Knebworth Bowls Club are also based at the Recreation Ground. Knebworth Park Cricket Club play at their ground in Knebworth Park. Green Dragon Bowmen, an archery club, are also based in
1260-543: Was released as a live album. In 1996, Oasis played there to a quarter of a million people over two nights, for which 2.5 million people (4% of the British population) applied for tickets, a figure that could have led to 20 sold-out nights, and remains the highest recorded demand for a British concert to date. Most recently, for three nights in August 2003 Robbie Williams performed to the largest crowd ever assembled for
1296-555: Was the grandson of Nathaniel Fromanteel Cobbold, who was the son of John Cobbold , Member of Parliament for Ipswich , and brother of John Cobbold , Thomas Cobbold and Felix Cobbold , who also sat as Members of Parliament. The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. Edward Lytton Cobbold (born 1992) Knebworth Knebworth is a village and civil parish in the north of Hertfordshire , England, immediately south of Stevenage . The civil parish covers an area between
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