Atlántico ( Spanish pronunciation: [aðˈlantiko] , English: Atlantic ) is a department of Colombia , located in northern Colombia with the Caribbean Sea to its north, the Bolívar Department to its west and south separated by the Canal del Dique , and the Magdalena Department to its east separated by the Magdalena River . Despite being the third smallest in the country, the department is among the most densely populated, with a population of 2,535,517.
139-741: Barranquilla ( Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [baraŋˈkiʝa] ) is the capital district of the Atlántico department in Colombia . It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and third port in the Caribbean coast region ; as of 2018, it had a population of 1,206,319 making it Colombia's fourth-most populous city after Bogotá , Medellín , and Cali . Barranquilla lies strategically next to
278-496: A center for republican military operations. On October 10, 1821, the last royalist stronghold at Cartagena was defeated. At that time, Cartagena was capital of the Sovereign State of Bolivar , to which Barranquilla belonged. In the same year, Barranquilla was governed by its very first mayor, Agustín Del Valle, who carried out his duties from his own home, which later was converted in a military headquarters. On July 24, 1823,
417-595: A city. The Muisca , the indigenous inhabitants of the region, called the place on which the city was founded "Thybzaca" or "Old Town". The area of modern Bogotá was first populated by groups of indigenous people who migrated south based on the relation with the other Chibcha languages ; the Bogotá savanna was the southernmost Chibcha-speaking group that exists from Nicaragua to the Andes in Colombia. The civilization built by
556-429: A consequence, the official founding only occurred about eight months later, on 27 April 1539, in a site close to one of the recreational lands of the zipa , called Theusa or Theusaquillo. This official founding involved an official ceremony appointing a council and officials, and the demarcation of streets and lands, and in it fellow conquistadores Sebastián de Belalcázar and Nikolaus Federmann were present. While this
695-656: A federalist government system. Following a failed military campaign against Quito, General Simón Bolívar of the United Provinces led a campaign that led to the surrender of the Cundinamarca province in December 1814. In Spain, the war had ended and the Spanish monarchy was restored on 11 December 1813. King Ferdinand VII of Spain declared the uprisings in the colonies illegal and sent a large army to quell
834-542: A law was passed by the Congress of New Granada that separated the province of Cartagena from the cantons of Barranquilla, Soledad, and Sabanalarga, which became part of the province of Sabanilla, with Barranquilla as the capital. On May 2, 1854, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera arrived at Barranquilla, and the inhabitants supported him in his fight against the revolutionary José María Melo in Bogotá . On October 7, 1857, Barranquilla
973-669: A member of the Chibcha language family. Muisca means "people" or "person", making "Muisca people", how they are called, a tautology . At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores , the Muisca population was estimated to be half a million indigenous people on the Bogotá savanna, and up to two million in the Muisca Confederation . They occupied the highland and mild climate flanks between the Sumapaz Mountains to
1112-495: A modern sense, as well as precious metals and gemstones that seem valuable to us and which became abundant and were used for various purposes. The Muisca warrior elite were allowed to wear feathered crowns, from parrots and macaws whose habitat was to the east of the Andes; the Arawakan -speaking Guayupe , Tegua and Achagua . The Muisca cuisine consisted of a stable and varied diet of tubers , potatoes and fruits. Maize
1251-456: A pro-independence battalion for three months at his own expense. When the Spanish forces under Colonel Valentín Capmani approached Barranquilla, its inhabitants resisted Capmani but were defeated on April 25, 1815. The population of the town was attacked and taken prisoner by the royalist troops, which also defeated Vallejo's pro-independence battalion. In the following 5–6 years, Barranquilla was
1390-535: A project to convert liquid fuel vehicles to natural gas. Furthermore, the city has installed more than 12 service stations catering to natural gas vehicles. Barranquilla is the fourth-biggest atmospheric polluter from industry. Atl%C3%A1ntico department The department's capital and most-populous city is Barranquilla with a population of 1,327,209. Soledad and Malambo are also significant population centers within Atlántico, constituting integral parts of
1529-562: A region "with good chances of rain water infiltration," while the southern part appears as "low infiltration, poor soil and possible flooding from rain." The geological composition of the region is the Tertiary period ( Miocene and Pliocene ) in western hills and Quaternary ( Pleistocene and Holocene ) in the flatter, like the sole of river. According to the Geographic Institute Agustin Codazzi ,
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#17327651080501668-633: A strategic hub for international business in Latin America. Some of the main interventions initiated looked to develop projects contained in the Plan of Territorial Ordering (POT), which aims to guide the development of the city for the next two centuries. One of the most important interventions in the city was in its transportation system. In 1967, there were 2,679 urban buses in Bogotá that transported, on average, 1,630,000 passengers per day. The city had about 1 million inhabitants and 80 km of area,
1807-661: A town on April 7, 1813. Barranquilla is honored as the origination of the aviation and airport. The first airline in South America was born in Barranquilla with the name of SCADTA which is today Avianca . The home location of the Kamash indios (hispanized to Camacho or Camach ) is known as the first permanent human settlement of Barranquilla. During the 16th century, an encomienda of captain Domingo de Santa Cruz
1946-547: A wide coverage, have easy access by public transport and bike paths; and their projects were commissioned to distinguished architects of the city. They are those of El Tunal , in the south, projected by the architect Suely Vargas ; of El Tintal , in the west, the work of the architect Daniel Bermúdez ; and the Virgilio Barco Vargas library , located in the Simón Bolívar park in the central area, work of
2085-494: Is 28.4 °C or 83.1 °F. Daytime temperatures usually remain around 32 °C or 89.6 °F. Nevertheless, from late November to early April, trade winds more or less cool it to a more comfortable temperature during daylight. During the evening and through the night, temperature can change due to the strong winds it receives. Rainy seasons are from April to June and from August to November, when some streets flood producing "arroyos" (streams) that can be very dangerous, given
2224-530: Is an eight-pointed silver star, which symbolizes the eight provinces of the confederacy. The flag was carried by Simon Bolívar during the campaign of Lower Magdalena in 1812. In 1814, the Congress of Tunja adopted it as the emblem of the United Provinces of New Granada . In 1910, the Council approved the flag for Barranquilla. The seal of the city was mentioned in the decree that granted Barranquilla
2363-585: Is based on agriculture, livestock raising and artisanal production. The sabana is bordered to the east by the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes mountain range. The Eastern Hills , which limit city growth, run from south to north, forming east of the downtown the Guadalupe and Monserrate mountains. The western city limit is Bogotá River . The Sumapaz Paramo ( moorland ) borders the south and to
2502-651: Is located in the northeastern corner of the department of the Atlantic, on the west bank of the Magdalena River , 7.5 km (4.7 mi) (originally 25 km (16 mi) before rapid urban growth) from its mouth in the Caribbean. The municipality covers an area of 154 km, equivalent to 4.5% of the area of the Atlántico Department. Barranquilla is located at latitude 10° 59' 16" north of
2641-458: Is the largest city in the world at its elevation; there is no urban area that is both higher and more populous than Bogotá. In the extreme south of Bogotá's District, the world's largest continuous paramo ecosystem can be found; Sumapaz Páramo in the locality Sumapaz . The Bogotá River running NE-SW crosses the sabana , forming Tequendama Falls ( Salto del Tequendama ) to the south. Tributary rivers form valleys with villages, whose economy
2780-539: Is the main political, economic, administrative, industrial, cultural, airport, technological, scientific, healthcare and educational center of the country and northern South America . Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on 6 August 1538 by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca , the indigenous inhabitants of
2919-642: The Altiplano . Santafé (its name after 1540) became the seat of the government of the Spanish Royal Audiencia of the New Kingdom of Granada (created in 1550), and then after 1717 it was the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada . After the Battle of Boyacá on 7 August 1819, Bogotá became the capital of the independent nation of Gran Colombia . It was Simón Bolívar who rebaptized
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#17327651080503058-576: The Altiplano Cundiboyacense located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes . Its altitude averages 2,640 meters (8,660 ft) above sea level. Subdivided into 20 localities, Bogotá has an area of 1,587 square kilometers (613 square miles) and a cool climate that is constant through the year. The city is home to central offices of the executive branch ( Office of the President ), the legislative branch ( Congress of Colombia ) and
3197-579: The Equator and longitude 74° 47' 20" west of Greenwich , with reference to the Plaza de la Paz , ground zero of the city. The urban area is built on a slightly inclined plane whose extreme heights, according to the Codazzi, are 4 m and 98 m east to west. Other sources say the slopes accidental heights of up to 120 meters outside the city. According to Google Earth , the height of the city varies between 0 m in
3336-552: The Magdalena River by the German Juan Bernardo Elbers on behalf of Simón Bolívar at the founding of Gran Colombia in 1823. The route was opened on November 10, 1825. Barranquilla thus initiated a lively exchange of goods with cities and towns of the Colombian interior, as well as with international merchants, and it became a principal port for the export of coffee. With the establishment of the new nation of
3475-523: The Muisca , who settled in the valleys and fertile highlands of and surrounding the Altiplano Cundiboyacense (modern-day departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá and small parts of Santander ), was one of the great civilizations in the Americas. The name Muisca Confederation has been given to a loose egalitarian society of various chiefs ( caciques ) who lived in small settlements of maximum 100 bohíos . The agriculture and salt-based society of
3614-481: The Muzo or "Emerald People". Their knowledge of salt production from brines, a task devoted exclusively to Muisca women , gave them the name of "Salt People". Tropical fruits that did not grow on the cool highlands, as well as coca , cotton and gold were all traded at markets that took place every Muisca week; every four days. At these frequent markets, the Muisca obtained various luxury goods that appear worthless in
3753-727: The New Kingdom of Granada . Fourteen years later in 1564, the Spanish Crown designated the first Royal Audiencia chairman, Andrés Díaz Venero de Leyva . The Chapter and the Royal Audience were located on the other side of what is today the Plaza de Bolívar (then called, Plaza Mayor or Major Square). The street connecting the Major Square and the Square of Herbs— now Santander Park— was named Calle Real (Royal Street), now Carrera Séptima (or "Seventh Street"; counted from
3892-500: The Republic of New Granada in 1831, two revolutions began in Barranquilla. One was led by Policarpo Martínez, Antonio Pantoja, Lorenzo Hernández, Crispín Luque, Esteban Márquez y Santos de la Hoz against the dictatorship of Rafael Urdaneta . The second was led by General Ignacio Luque, who had crushed the first revolution. In 1840, merchants and commercial carriers of Barranquilla tried to form an independent province, Cibeles , which
4031-571: The South Sea , to Perú , legendary El Dorado . Such was the target of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada , the Granadanian conquistador who left Santa Marta on 6 April 1536 with 800 soldiers, heading towards the interior of current Colombia . The expedition divided into two groups, one under Quesada's command to move on land, and the other commanded by Diego de Urbino would go upriver in four brigantine ships to eventually meet Quesada's troops at
4170-699: The creation of local juntas all throughout Latin America, which very soon consolidated the independentist ideas already in vogue. After the establishment of a junta in Cartagena de Indias on 22 May 1810, and in many other cities throughout the Viceroyalty, the Junta de Santa Fe was established on 20 July 1810, in what is often called the Colombian Declaration of Independence . The Junta adopted
4309-774: The diocese was established. Political unease over the Spanish monarchy and the rights of citizens born in the Americas had been felt throughout the Spanish colonies in America, and it was expressed in New Granada in many different ways, accelerating the movement to independence. One of the most transcendent was the Insurrection of the Comuneros , a riot by the locals that started in Villa del Socorro —current Department of Santander —in March 1781. Spanish authorities suppressed
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4448-483: The mythical El Dorado , handles the largest cargo volume in Latin America , and is third in number of passengers. Bogotá is home to the largest number of universities and research centers in the country, and is an important cultural center, with many theaters, libraries ( Virgilio Barco , Tintal , and Tunal of BibloRed , BLAA , National Library , among more than 1000) and museums. Bogotá ranks 52nd on
4587-463: The sidereal and synodic months were represented. Their astronomical knowledge is represented in one of the few extant landmarks of the architecture of the Muisca in El Infiernito outside Villa de Leyva to the north of Bogotá. The first populations inhabiting the present-day Metropolitan Area of Bogotá were hunter-gatherers in the late Pleistocene . Dating to around 12,500 BP ,
4726-490: The 1946 liberal party division, a conservative candidate took presidential office again in 1948, after the killing of liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán , Bogotá's downtown was virtually destroyed as violence reigned. From then, Bogotá's urban, architectural and population sectors were substantially reorganized. The city began the 21st century with important changes in its urban space and public transport, looking to plan demographic and economic growth, that would position it as
4865-1908: The Barranquilla metropolitan area. The University of Atlántico , with 22,790 students in 2021, stands as the largest higher education institution by student population in the department. In September 2023, the University of the Coast was ranked second among the top universities in the country, while the University of the North ranked fifteenth. [REDACTED] Amazonas [REDACTED] Antioquia [REDACTED] Arauca [REDACTED] Atlántico [REDACTED] Bolívar [REDACTED] Boyacá [REDACTED] Caldas [REDACTED] Caquetá [REDACTED] Casanare [REDACTED] Cauca [REDACTED] Cesar [REDACTED] Chocó [REDACTED] Córdoba [REDACTED] Cundinamarca [REDACTED] Guainía [REDACTED] Guaviare [REDACTED] Huila [REDACTED] La Guajira [REDACTED] Magdalena [REDACTED] Meta [REDACTED] Nariño [REDACTED] N. Santander [REDACTED] Putumayo [REDACTED] Quindío [REDACTED] Risaralda [REDACTED] San Andrés [REDACTED] Santander [REDACTED] Sucre [REDACTED] Tolima [REDACTED] Valle del Cauca [REDACTED] Vaupés [REDACTED] Vichada Capital district: [REDACTED] Bogotá 10°59′N 74°47′W / 10.983°N 74.783°W / 10.983; -74.783 Bogot%C3%A1 "La Ciudad de Todos" ("The City of Everyone") "La Capital Mundial del Teatro" ("The Theater Capital of
5004-542: The Colombian Society of Agriculture, called it "Faro de América" ("Beacon/Lighthouse of America."). In 1811, the patriots who obtained the independence of the Cartagenas adopted the current flag. It consists of three rectangles, red being the outermost, then yellow, and green in the center. Red symbolizes the blood of patriots; yellow, the sun of freedom and hope; and green, a proud home. In the centre, there
5143-485: The Eastern pipe system. The completion of the construction of embankments of Bocas de Ceniza in 1936 resulted in the deterioration of the swamp, which was originally four marshes, and led to the deterioration of the nearby beaches of Puerto Colombia. The stream of La Victoria flows through Barranquilla Botanical Garden, a community and recreational green area for public use with an approximate area of 7 hectares, located in
5282-545: The Global Cities Index 2014, and is considered a global city type "Alpha-" by GaWC . The name of Bogotá corresponds to the Spanish pronunciation of the Chibcha Bacatá (or Muyquytá) which was the name of a neighboring settlement located between the modern towns of Funza and Cota. There are different opinions about the meaning of the word Muyquytá, the most accepted being that it means "walling of
5421-529: The Indians of Santa Marta within the interior. They had two canoes full of dried shrimp as merchandise and went to the Magdalena River to trade with this commodity, salt and other things. However, the Kamash Indians were known to occupy the area and the settlement itself was established in about 1629. For this reason the city does not celebrate its foundation, but rather the date in which it was declared
5560-715: The Magdalena River. In the era of the Colombian War of Independence , Barranquilla distinguished itself as a supporter of the pro-independence forces. In 1812, General Pierre Labatut attacked and defeated royalist forces at Sitioviejo and Sitionuevo. On April 7, 1813, which was later celebrated as "Barranquilla Day" ("el Día de Barranquilla"), the President-Governor of the Free and Independent State of Cartagena de Indias, Manuel Rodríguez Torices , granted
5699-531: The Magdalena River; other rivers include the Arriba, Los Tramposos, La Ahuyama, La Tablaza and Las Compañías; streams run through the barrios of Rebolo, Santo Domingo, Las Américas y el Bosque; El Lindero, El Platanal, El Salado, El Salado 2, Don Juan, Hospital, La Paz, Bolívar, Felicidad, Coltabaco, Siape, Calle 92, and the streets 8, 15, 19, 51, 53, 58, 65 and 71. There are also the marshes of Mallorquín Swamp . The north of Barranquilla, from 11° N, corresponded to
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5838-581: The Muisca were killed within 100 years. Jiménez de Quesada decided to establish a military campament in the area in 1538, in the site today known as the Chorro de Quevedo square. The foundation was performed by the construction of 12 houses of reed, referring to the Twelve Apostles , and the construction of a preliminary church, also of reed. With the celebration of the first mass in the campament, celebrated by Dominican friar Domingo de las Casas
5977-533: The National Constituent and Legislative Assembly, through Act April 17, 11, 1905 created the Atlántico department, consisting of the provinces of Barranquilla and Sabanalarga, the department of Bolivar, and Barranquilla as the capital. However, in 1908, Atlántico department was changed to the Department of Barranquilla by Act 1. With the fall of General Reyes in 1909, the Department of Barranquilla
6116-543: The Public Library, now the National Library, was enlarged and modernized with new volumes and better facilities. The National Museum was founded. Those institutions were of great importance to the new republic's cultural development. The Central University was the first State school, precursor of the current National University , founded in 1867 and domiciled in Bogotá. President Rafael Núñez declared
6255-564: The Spanish Colonial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia , and one of the largest cities in the world . The city is administered as the Capital District , as well as the capital of, though not politically part of, the surrounding department of Cundinamarca . Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia . It
6394-668: The State of Bolívar, launched a rebellion from Barranquilla. Barranquilla became the capital of a province of the same name by law on December 26, 1862, and the Sovereign State of Bolívar was divided into 12 provinces. At the establishment of the United States of Colombia, the growing commercial importance of Barranquilla led to the construction, between 1869 and 1871, of the Bolívar Railway ( Ferrocarril de Bolívar ),
6533-428: The United States, Italy, China and Japan, invigorated the industry and helped to make Barranquilla a modern city. Of these immigrants, the Arab and Jewish from the Middle East immigrants were prominent, referred to wrongly as "Turks" by the Colombian people. As a result, during the first half of the twentieth century, Barranquilla became one of the fastest-growing cities of Colombia, growing at rates well above others; this
6672-421: The World") Bogotá ( / ˌ b oʊ ɡ ə ˈ t ɑː / , also UK : / ˌ b ɒ ɡ -/ , US : / ˈ b oʊ ɡ ə t ɑː / , Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital , abbreviated Bogotá, D.C. , and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá ( Spanish: [ˌsanta ˈfe ðe βoɣoˈta] ; lit. ' Holy Faith of Bogotá ' ) during
6811-453: The anthem of the city by the Municipal Council in a meeting on 19 October 1942. The lyrics were written by the poet Amira de la Rosa (winner of the contest in 1942) and the music is of Panama, by Simón Urbina (1928). The flowers Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , and Tabebuia rosea , and the animals Volatinia jacarina and iguana are used as other symbols of the city. Unlike other cities in Colombia such as Cartagena or Bogotá D.C. , Barranquilla
6950-640: The architect Rogelio Salmona . Out of the city's 150 libraries, these three, with their outstanding architecture, provide public and open-access spaces for the educational and cultural development of the citizens of Bogotá. As for 2019, the city's distribution is composed of nine main business centers (Av. El Dorado Business Corridor, Centro Internacional, Parque de la 93, El Lago, North Point, Calle 100, Santa Barbara Business Center, Zona Industrial Montevideo & Parque Industrial Zona Franca). Grittier sides sit south and southwest, where working-class barrios continue to battle their reputations for drugs and crime. In
7089-410: The area include Mangifera indica , Manilkara zapota , Melicoccus bijugatus , Psidium littorale , Coccoloba uvifera , Ziziphus vulgaris , Annona squamosa , Tamarindus indica , Spondias purpurea , Anacardium occidentale , guanábana , and Citrus x limon . Some animal species can be found in the city such as birds like owls , wrens , and parrots; fish such as mullet in
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#17327651080507228-443: The banana zone killings and conservative party division, Enrique Olaya Herrera took office in 1930. The liberal party reformed during 16 years of the so-called Liberal Republic, agricultural, social, political, labor, educational, economic and administrative sectors. Unionism strengthened and education coverage expanded. The celebration produced a large number of infrastructure works, new construction and work sources. Following
7367-399: The channeling of resources for building an urban centre of greater structure and dimensions. The presentation of a new infrastructure, changes in local and regional administration, decentralization since 1991, international pressure to open markets, and competition between the other major Colombian cities will bring about considerable development in Barranquilla into the 21st century. The city
7506-543: The city are ammonium sulfate , cement, plaster , and paper pulp. The emission of gases from motor vehicle traffic is more critical in the central district, where much of the business is. The main source of air pollution is from the vehicles at 34% and then industry with 18%. The pollutants emitted by vehicles are carbon monoxide (89.12%), sulfur dioxide (0.23%), hydrocarbons (6.46%), oxides of nitrogen (3.82%) and other particles (0. 37%). To help remedy this problem, several state enterprises and private sector have supported
7645-512: The city the Puerta de Oro de la República (Golden Gate of the Republic) in recognition of its economic importance as a port since the late 19th century. In 1946, opening the 5th Central American and Caribbean Games, President Mariano Ospina Pérez reaffirmed the nickname of the city as the "Golden Gate". Barranquilla is also known as La Arenosa (meaning The Sandy ), so named by the president of New Granada , Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera , during his stay in Barranquilla in 1849. Curramba, la Bella
7784-399: The city was established as the principal port of Colombia, helped along by the commissioning of the steam tramway in 1890 and the construction of the port of Puerto Colombia in 1893, which served as the Barranquilla port into the 20th century. The goods moved by rail to Barranquilla, and then by river to the interior. As part of the country's restructuring, President General Rafael Reyes , of
7923-446: The city was founded with the name of Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza (Our Lady of Hope) on 6 August 1538. Quesada placed his right foot on the bare earth and said simply, "I take possession of this land in the name of the most sovereign emperor, Charles V." This founding, however, was irregular as no town council was formed nor were town officials appointed, as well as lacking some other juridical requirements for an official founding. As
8062-419: The city with the name of Bogotá, as a way of honoring the Muisca people and as an emancipation act towards the Spanish crown. Hence, since the Viceroyalty of New Granada's independence from the Spanish Empire and during the formation of present-day Colombia, Bogotá has remained the capital of this territory. The city is located in the center of Colombia, on a high plateau known as the Bogotá savanna , part of
8201-513: The city's private trash collectors. Petro was reinstated weeks later after a Bogotá court ruled that Ordoñez had overstepped his authority. Although the proposal for biarticulated diesel buses called "Transmilenio" was in its early stages a success, due in part to the small numbers of passengers it transported, in the long term it became an inefficient and contaminating system, saturated for a metro population of almost ten million, guilty of environmental deterioration and air pollution. For its part,
8340-458: The city. In 1876, an enormous amount of contraband entered the city from Salgar. In the last decades of the 19th century, Barranquilla experienced a series of advances represented by the founding of the Society of the Aqueduct in 1877, commissioning in 1884 of a mule-pulled tram, the installation of the first phones in Colombia on September 1, 1885. This telephone project had Mr. Orlando Flye, an electrical engineer from Ohio, as general contractor; and
8479-406: The city. On February 11, the head of government, General Vicente Carlos Urueta, attacked an area defended by General Nicolás Jimeno Collante . Urueta triumphed over Obeso, but additional troops overtook Urueta. The modern Republic of Colombia was established the following year. Barranquilla became one of the 34 new departments, comprising the provinces of Barranquilla and Sabanalarga. During this time
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#17327651080508618-504: The connections of the river and seaport reaching the country's interior and abroad, the city became in the second half of the 19th century through the early decades of the 20th century, one of the most cosmopolitan and multicultural cities of Colombia. Puerto Colombia became one of the longest piers in the world and the principal port of Colombia, nicknamed the "Golden Gate of Colombia". A major inflow of Jewish immigrants, as well as foreigners from Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, France, Germany,
8757-401: The country, the first station being the state HJN Colombia Bogotá. Elías Pellet Buitrago started commercial radio in Colombia with the first issue of La Voz de Barranquilla on December 8, 1929. On April 10, 1931, in a mutiny against hunger and unemployment, the people of Barranquilla destroyed the Theatre Columbia. On August 16, 1933, the Senate approved the contract for Bocas de Ceniza and work
8896-402: The country. The capital hosts the main financial market in Colombia and the Andean natural region , and is the leading destination for new foreign direct investment projects coming into Latin America and Colombia. It has the highest nominal GDP in the country, responsible for almost a quarter of the nation's total (24.7%). The city's airport, El Dorado International Airport , named after
9035-411: The cultural equipment plan of Bogotá has yielded significant results, including the construction of three large public libraries in different sectors. These libraries have not only expanded access to existing library resources but also serve as some of the 150 hubs for BibloRed - Bogotá's Public Libraries Network , including the Bogota Digital Library The new libraries were located in sectors that allow
9174-407: The death of Barros, the estate began to accommodate others, such as people who for reasons of health, age or cronyism with the hacienda owner were allowed to stay. There were also Indians from Malambo and Galapa . By 1681, the ranch was considered a village, known as Barrancas de San Nicolas. Before 1700, Barranquilla was occupied by Aguerra of Tierradentro and in 1772, the township was expanded by
9313-428: The decade of the 70s, radicalism accelerated reforms and state and social institutions were substantially modified. However, during the second half of the century, the country faced permanent pronouncements, declarations of rebellions between states, and factions which resulted in civil wars: the last and bloodiest was the Thousand Days' War from 1899 to 1902. In 1823, a few years after the formation of Gran Colombia,
9452-432: The delta of the Magdalena River , 7.5 km (4.7 mi) (originally 25 km (16 mi) before rapid urban growth) from its mouth at the Caribbean Sea, serving as a port for river and maritime transportation within Colombia. It is also the main economic center of the Atlántico department in Colombia. The city is the core of the Barranquilla metropolitan area , with a population of over 2 million, which also includes
9591-399: The end of Federalism, and in 1886 the country became a centralist republic ruled by the constitution in force – save some amendments – up to 1991. In the middle of political and administration avatars, Bogotá continued as the capital and principal political center of the country. From a base of only 20,000 people in 1793, the city grew to approximately 117,000 people in 1912. Population growth
9730-429: The end of the decade, in 1849, President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera issued a decree that revitalized the bay of Sabanilla as a port to export goods. A customs house was built there, the Castillo de Salgar, to accommodate the new traffic. In early June 1849, an outbreak of cholera occurred in Barranquilla. It had originated in Cartagena, which in turn had received it from shipments coming from Panama. On March 20, 1852,
9869-430: The expedition went up the Opón River and found indigenous people wearing very finely painted cotton mantles. When they arrived in Muisca territories in the Andean Plateau, on 9 March 1537, of the expedition leaving Santa Marta , only 162 men were left. The zipa at the moment of Spanish conquest was Tisquesusa . His main bohío was in a small village called Bacatá with others in Funza and Cajicá , giving name to
10008-514: The farmland" in the Chibcha language. Another popular translation argues that it means "The Lady of the Andes ". Others suggest that Bacatá was the name of the Muisca cacique who governed the land before the Spaniards arrived. Jiménez de Quesada gave the settlement the name of "Our Lady of Hope" but the Spanish crown gave it the name of Santafé (Holy Faith) in 1540 when it was appointed as
10147-1097: The fertile lands watered by the Magdalena River, one can find species such as Eichhornia azurea , Typha angustifolia , Heliconia , Eichhornia crassipes , Anacardium excelsum , and Lecythis minor . Found in urban areas are such tree species as Gliricidia sepium , Cassia nodosa , Bursera simaruba , Terminalia catappa , Casuarina equisetifolia , and species of Ceiba such as Ceiba pentandra , Hura crepitans and Ficus elastica , Ochroma pyramidale , Licania tomentosa , Ficus religiosa , Ficus benghalensis , Spathodea campanulata , Enterolobium cyclocarpum , Samanea saman , Gmelina arborea , Ficus nitida , Cordia sebestena , Tabebuia chrysantha , Kigelia pinnata , Swietenia macrophylla , Thespesia populnea , Sterculia apetala , Cocos nucifera , Ficus benjamina , Guazuma ulmifolia , Erythrina variegata , Crescentia cujete , Cassia fistula , Azadirachta indica , Sapindus saponaria and various palms such as Roystonea regia and Phoenix roebelenii . Fruit trees in
10286-747: The first public companies based in the country were established in Barranquilla. The initial effect of the aqueduct that was built in 1929 was the arrival of piped water to 80% of the homes, while water supply coverage in Bogotá was 59%, and decreasing to 57.3% in Medellín, 74.8% in Cali, 21.4% in Cartagena, and 36.2% in Santa Marta. In 1927, the electricity service provided by the Electric Power Company Barranquilla addressed
10425-618: The first railway of the present-day Republic of Colombia. It linked Barranquilla and Sabanilla (Salgar), the latter being the location of the customs house. Due to the shallowness of the waters, it was necessary to extend the railway to Puerto Cupino , where the Cuban engineer Francisco Javier Cisneros built what was then one of the longest piers in the world, second only to the one in Southend-on-Sea , England. In 1872, an epidemic with symptoms similar to those of cholera became manifest in
10564-496: The foundation of the first private telephone service in Colombia, the Colombian-West Indian Mobile Company of Mobile by the U.S. citizen William Ladd. It was at this time that the city became important for its booming business and its strategic geographic location, becoming the first port on a river of Colombia. On January 6, 1885, revolutionary forces under General Ricardo Gaitán Obeso occupied
10703-576: The government created the first zone of Colombia in Barranquilla. The city's expansion to reach neighboring towns led to the creation of the Metropolitan Area of Barranquilla in 1981. On August 18, 1993, the Congress of Colombia , through Legislative Act Number August 1, 17, 1993, conferred to Barranquilla the category of "Special District, Industrial and Port". In the 21st century, the city has been working on new projects to restore itself as
10842-728: The increase of economic activities. Bogotá started deep architectural and urban transformation with significant industrial and artisan production increases. In 1910, the Industrial Exposition of the Century took place at Park of Independence. Stands built evidenced industrial, artisan work, beaux arts, electricity and machinery progress achieved. The period from 1910 to 1930 is designated conservative hegemony. Between 1924 and 1928, hard union struggles began, with oil fields and banana zone workers' strikes, leaving numerous people dead. Bogotá had practically no industry. Production
10981-516: The independence from Spain, Bogotá became capital of Gran Colombia and later the capital of the Republic of Colombia . The city mayor and the chapter formed by two councilmen, assisted by the constable and the police chief, governed the city. For better administration of these domains, in April 1550, the Audiencia of Santafé was organized. Santa Fe (or Santafé) became the seat of the government of
11120-701: The independence of the American colonies from the Spanish crown. In 1794, Nariño clandestinely translated and published in Santa Fe the Declaration of the Rights of Men and of the Citizen , and copies of his translation were distributed all over the continent and started creating a stirring in the political mentalities of the time. The Spanish government had banned the distribution of the pamphlet and soon discovered
11259-483: The judicial branch ( Supreme Court of Justice , Constitutional Court , Council of State and the Superior Council of Judicature ) of the Colombian government. Bogotá stands out for its economic strength and associated financial maturity, its attractiveness to global companies and the quality of human capital . It is the financial and commercial heart of Colombia, with the most business activity of any city in
11398-570: The lack of appropriate rain drainage in some sectors of town. According to the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute ( Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi ), Barranquilla has a dry tropical forest vegetation (according to the Holdridge life zones ), which includes species including cacti , mangroves , Acanthocereus , Prosopis juliflora , divi-divi , Tabebuia rosea , and flamboyant or flame tree . In
11537-400: The last zipa , against the inheritance tradition of the Muisca . Sagipa used to be a main captain for Tisquesusa but quickly submitted to the Spanish rulers. The first encomenderos asked high prices in valuable products and agricultural production from the indigenous people. On top of that epidemics of European viruses razed through the population, of which in current Boyacá 65–85 % of
11676-414: The marshes; insects such as butterflies , flies , mosquitoes , gnats , cockroaches and termites ; mammals such as feral dogs and cats, monkeys , rodents and possums (zorrochuchos); reptiles such as iguanas , snakes and tortoises . In some rural areas horses, donkeys , cattle, pigs and goats are raised. Barranquilla contains important ecosystems such as the Magdalena River, Mallorquín Swamp and
11815-451: The material and burned any copy that they could find. Nariño was arrested on 29 August 1794, and sentenced to ten years of imprisonment and to have all of his properties confiscated, and was sent to exile the year after. Those suspected of being part of Nariño's intellectual circle were also persecuted, but his ideas had become widespread. In 1807, following the French invasion of Spain and
11954-530: The materials in the area are mainly Quaternary alluvial, lacustrine, fluviolacustre. The land ranges from banks, dikes, terraces, valleys, narrow, small alluvial fans, to marshes, swamps, flats and hills. The materials of the Tertiary ( Miocene and Pliocene ) are in the western hills, and presented as varied slopes. Barranquilla has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ); it is hot all-year-round, with high levels of relative humidity . The average temperature
12093-412: The mountains to the east of the city). After 1717 Santafé became the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada . Formed by Europeans, mestizos , indigenous people, and slaves, from the second half of the 16th century, the population began to grow rapidly. The 1789 census recorded 18,161 inhabitants, and by 1819 the city population reached 30,000 inhabitants distributed in 195 blocks. Importance grew when
12232-576: The municipalities of Soledad , Galapa , Malambo , and Puerto Colombia . Barranquilla was legally established as a town on April 7, 1813, although it dates from at least 1629. It grew into an important port, serving as a haven for immigrants from Europe, especially during and immediately following World War I and World War II, when waves of additional immigrants from the Middle East and Asia arrived. Barranquilla became Colombia's main port, and with its level of industrialization and modernity, it earned
12371-483: The name of "Supreme Junta of the New Kingdom of Granada", and first swore allegiance to Viceroy Antonio José Amar y Borbón , and appointed him as president, but then he was deposed and arrested five days later. After declaring independence from Spain the different juntas attempted to establish a congress of provinces, but they were unable to do so and military conflicts soon emerged. The period between 1810 and 1816
12510-420: The naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo took place, which resulted in the final expulsion of Spanish royalist forces from Gran Colombia. The geographic area of Barranquilla did not include mineral or natural riches, and thus did not serve as a location where the Spanish maintained a permanent presence. Its importance was not appreciated until the mid-19th century, due to the introduction of steamships that navigated
12649-522: The needs of 10,300 homes, equivalent to 74% of the total. On February 4, 1925, Scadta acquired the planes large enough to make the first international flights, which took place in August of that year between Barranquilla and Key West , Florida, with stops in Central America, Mexico and Cuba . In an era of significant progress for the city, the first private commercial radio station was founded in
12788-482: The newly created New Kingdom of Granada was left to Jiménez de Quesada's brother, Hernán Pérez de Quesada . The first mayors of the city were captains Pedro de Arevalo y Jeronimo de Inzar . The city obtained the Title of Muy Noble y Muy Leal (Very Noble and Loyal) on 17 August 1575 by a decree from Phillip II . Bogotá, then called Santa Fe, later became the capital of the later Viceroyalty of New Granada . Following
12927-440: The nickname "Colombia's Golden Gate" (Spanish: La Puerta de Oro de Colombia ). In the 1940s, Barranquilla was the second-largest city in Colombia and one of the most modern cities in the Caribbean and in South America; later local administrations, due to widespread corruption in their ranks, brought about a decline in the standard of living. As government investment increased in other Colombian cities, Barranquilla's national position
13066-553: The north Bogotá extends over the plateau up to the towns of Chía and Sopó . Most of the wetlands in the Bogotá region have disappeared. They covered nearly 50,000 hectares in the 1960s, compared to only 727 in 2019, for a disappearance rate of 98%. Bogotá has a subtropical highland climate ( Köppen Cfb bordering on Csb ). The average temperature is 14.5 °C (58 °F), varying from 6 to 19 °C (43 to 66 °F) on sunny days to 10 to 18 °C (50 to 64 °F) on rainy days. Dry and rainy seasons alternate throughout
13205-521: The oldest evidence of human activity was discovered in El Abra , north of Zipaquirá . Other excavations in a rock shelter southwest of the city in Soacha provided ages of ~11,000 BP; Tequendama . Since roughly 0 AD, the local Muisca people domesticated guinea pigs as a source of dietary meat. The people inhabiting the Bogotá savanna in the late 15th century were the Muisca , speaking Muysccubun ,
13344-619: The people was rich in goldworking, trade and mummification . The religion of the Muisca consisted of various gods, mostly related to natural phenomena as the Sun ( Sué ) and his wife, the Moon; Chía , rain Chibchacum , rainbow Cuchavira and with building and feasting ( Nencatacoa ) and wisdom ( Bochica ). Their complex luni-solar calendar , deciphered by Manuel Izquierdo based on work by Duquesne , followed three different sets of years, where
13483-471: The plane being flown by the Canadian pilot George Schmitt. On December 10, 1919, the first commercial airline arrived in the Americas, and second in the world; Scadta later became Avianca . In June 1919, U.S. pilot William Knox Martin and Mario Santo Domingo inaugurated industrial airmail in Colombia with a flight between Barranquilla and Puerto Colombia , where Santo Domingo delivered the mail sack. With
13622-474: The present day capital of Colombia. Bacatá was actually located near to the modern location of the city of Funza . A prophecy in his life came true; he would be dying, bathing in his own blood . Defending Funza with a reduced army of guecha warriors against the heavily exhausted but heavily armed strangers, his reign fell in the hands of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his younger brother Hernán Pérez on 20 April 1537. Upon his death, his brother Sagipa became
13761-471: The problem of public transport, with limited results. It was during the mayoralty of the latter when there was talk about the possibility of establishing a mass transportation system that would help remedy the problem of mobility. Under the second administration of Antanas Mockus , Bogotá opened a 'zone of tolerancia' which legalized prostitution in a large swath of the center of the city in the Santa Fe neighborhood. Mayor Enrique Peñalosa (whose first term
13900-449: The protests. Bogotá is located in the southeastern part of the Bogotá savanna ( Sabana de Bogotá ) at an average altitude of 2,640 meters (8,660 ft) above sea level . The Bogotá savanna is popularly called " savannah " ( sabana ), but constitutes actually a high plateau in the Andes mountains, part of an extended region known as the Altiplano Cundiboyacense , which literally means "high plateau of Cundinamarca and Boyacá". Bogotá
14039-558: The province of Cartagena by law of June 15, 1857. During the time of the Granadine Confederation , Conservative General Joaquín Posada Gutiérrez attacked and defeated the city square in Barranquilla defended by the Liberal leader Vicente Palacio on November 6, 1859. Subsequently, the city would be recovered by the Liberal leader Manuel Cabeza on December 9. On January 25, 1861, General Juan José Nieto Gil , president of
14178-458: The rebellions and reconquer the lost colonies, for which he appointed General Pablo Morillo . Morillo led a successful military campaign that culminated in the capture of Santafé on 6 May 1816. In 1819, Bolívar initiated his campaign to liberate New Granada . Following a series of battles, the last of which was the Battle of Boyacá , the republican army led by Bolívar cleared its way to Santafé, where he arrived victorious on 10 August 1819. It
14317-604: The riot, and José Antonio Galán , the leader, was executed. He left an imprint, though. One of the soldiers witnessing his execution was an intellectually curious, noble teenager named Antonio Nariño , who was deeply impressed by both the insurrection and the execution. Nariño went on to become a politician in Santafé, and he became acquainted with the liberal ideas in vogue in Europe. He started organizing clandestine meetings with other intellectuals and politicians to discuss and promote
14456-460: The ritzier north you'll find boutique hotels, corporate offices and well-heeled locals piling into chic entertainment districts such as the Zona Rosa and Zona G. Protests against police brutality started in Bogotá following the death of Javier Ordóñez while in police custody on 9 September 2020. As of 12 September 2020 , 13 people have died and over 400 have been injured as part of
14595-430: The same group, adding a Judge Counsel. The origin of Barranquilla, promoted in the second half of the 19th century by the historian Domingo Malabet, was not supported by oral tradition nor scientifically validated. Blanco Barros' 1987 book on Northern Tierradentro and the origins of Barranquilla argued that the city had been founded by farmers from the neighboring town of Galapa who left their land, following their herds to
14734-402: The service was relatively reasonable. But as the city grew and reached more than five million and an area greater than 300 km , not only did the car fleet increase substantially to more than 20,000 vehicles, but traffic complexity increased, as well as pollution and the inefficiency of the only existing transportation system. By the end of the 20th century, the situation was difficult. There
14873-399: The site named Tora de las Barrancas Bermejas. When they arrived, they heard news about Indians inhabiting the south and making large salt cakes used to trade for wild cotton and fish. Jiménez de Quesada decided to abandon the route to Peru and cross the mountain in search of salt villages. They saw crops, trails, white salt cakes and then huts where they found corn, yucca and beans. From Tora,
15012-423: The southeastern part of the city, in the neighborhood of La Victoria. The lush vegetation and clear water springs have allowed a suitable habitat for rare native plant and animal species found within the city. Under wind, atmospheric pollutants move in a north and northeasterly direction, and in times of low winds or moderate winds, are more evenly distributed over the city. The most polluting industrial processes in
15151-566: The southwest and Cocuy 's snowy peak to the northeast, covering an approximate area of 25,000 km (9,653 sq mi), comprising Bogotá's high plain, a large portion of the modern-day department of Boyacá department portion and a small area in the Santander region. Trade was the most important activity of the Muisca with other Chibcha-speaking neighbours, such as the Guane , Lache and U'wa and with Cariban-speaking groups such as
15290-475: The status of a city by Manuel Rodríguez Torices , the then President of the Sovereign State of Cartagena de Indias, as a reward for the determined and courageous patriots who participated in the defense of the independence of Cartagena de Indias against Santa Marta in 1813. The music and lyrics of Himno de Barranquilla were chosen in competition by the Sociedad de Mejoras Públicas and officially adopted as
15429-420: The strategic capital within the country. Rapid urban growth, including the mass migration of peasants to the main cities, attracted by economic development, has led to the demand of numerous proposals to accommodate such growth. Barranquilla has always been famous for its chaotic urban planning, understandable given its spontaneous origin as a port and the reality of high administrative corruption which has hampered
15568-578: The subsequent abdication of the House of Bourbon in Spain, pressed by Napoleon to give the crown to his brother Joseph , resulting in the destruction of the Spanish administration, many in Spain and in the American colonies created local resistance governments called Juntas . The dissolution of the Supreme Central Junta , following a series of military defeats in the Spanish troops promoted
15707-689: The title of "Golden Gate Republic". On January 12, 1919, amid great excitement in the Costa Caribe against Bogotá, Barranquilla joined the Costeña League . In 1920, archaeologists revealed that Barranquilla is located on a vast historic necropolis . On June 8, 1924, while distributing flyers for the work of Bocas de Ceniza , the Tolima A-16 airplane, flown by German aviator Helmuth Von Krohn crashed, killing all six people aboard, including Ernesto Cortissoz, president of SCADTA . In 1925,
15846-406: The title of "villa" to the town, thereby allowing it to benefit from certain privileges, and making it the capital of the department of Barlovento (or Tierradentro), in recognition for the valor and patriotism displayed by the town for its defense of the pro-independence city of Cartagena de Indias against the royalist stronghold of Santa Marta. In 1815, Joaquín Vallejo, a rich merchant, maintained
15985-513: The user's experience in the system. However, Peñalosa became infamous for his campaign against the poor, saying he would rather see robbers on the streets, than people selling candies. Peñalosa served a second term (2016–19). After getting elected in 2011, Gustavo Petro , clashed with the conservative political establishment after remunicipalization of the city's garbage collection system. The inspector general, Alejandro Ordoñez deposed Petro for alleged constitutional overreach when he tried to replace
16124-580: The various sacred sites of the Altiplano, music and dances , trade at special fairs with farther away trading indigenous groups of Colombia and to inaugurate the new highest regarded member of the community; zipas , zaques , caciques and the religious ruler iraca from Sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi . From 1533, a belief persisted that the Río Grande de la Magdalena was the trail to
16263-527: The western breakwater, up to maximum 142 m in the neighborhood of Los Nogales. Politically, Barranquilla is limited to the east by the department of Magdalena (through the middle of the Magdalena River), north to the town of Puerto Colombia and the Caribbean Sea, west with the municipalities of Puerto Colombia, Galapa and Tubará and south with the municipality of Soledad . The main river is
16402-457: The year. The driest months are December, January, July and August. The warmest month is March, bringing a maximum of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F). The coolest nights occur in January, with an average of 7.6 °C (45.7 °F) in the city; fog is very usual in early morning, 220 days per year, whilst clear sky sunny full days are quite unusual. The official highest temperature recorded within
16541-569: Was Simón Bolívar who rebaptized the city with the name of Bogotá, to honor the Muisca people and to emphasize the emancipation from Spain. Bogotá then became the capital of the Gran Colombia . Between 1819 and 1849, there were no fundamental structural changes from the colonial period. By the mid-19th century, a series of fundamental reforms were enacted, some of the most important being slavery abolition and religious, teaching, print and speech industry and trade freedom, among others. During
16680-498: Was 1998–2000) included in his program as a priority a solution to public transport. Consequently, in the execution of the development plan "For the Bogotá we Want" in terms of mobility and in a mass transportation system project, the construction of special infrastructure exclusively for its operation was determined. This system would include specialized bus corridors, equipped with single-use lanes, stations, bridges, bike paths and special pedestrian access platforms, designed to facilitate
16819-456: Was abolished by Act 65 of that year, with Barranquilla again integrating into the department of Bolivar. The National Constituent Assembly of 1910 enacted Law 21 on July 14, which definitively established the Department of Atlántico with Barranquilla again as capital. With the city's economic boom, the Chamber of Commerce of Barranquilla was created on June 28, 1905. On September 7, 1909, a bill
16958-497: Was also used to refer to Barranquilla by journalist Juan Eugenio Cañavera in Bogotá in the mid-twentieth century. The "la Bella" part was assigned by fellow journalist Roger Araújo as a counterweight to the word Curramba, which is seen as derogatory, derived from adjective "currambero". The thinker Agustín Nieto Caballero called Barranquilla "Ciudad de los Brazos Abiertos" ("City of the Open Arms") and Enrique Ancízar, president of
17097-481: Was basically artisan work grouped in specific places, similar to commercial sectors. Plaza de Bolívar and surroundings lodged hat stores, at Calle del Comercio –current Carrera Seventh– and Calle Florián –now Carrera Eight– luxurious stores selling imported products opened their doors; at Pasaje Hernández, tailor's shops provided their services, and between 1870 and 1883, four main banks opened their doors: Bogotá, Colombia, Popular and Mortgage Credit banks. Following
17236-561: Was completed in 1936 with President Alfonso Lopez inaugurating the Maritime Terminal Barranquilla. In 1935, the construction of a municipal football stadium enabled hosting of the National Game III. From the 1960s until the early 1980s, the city plunged into an economic decline, largely due to the failure of the political class as well as the collapse of major sectors of industrial activity. In 1958,
17375-460: Was eclipsed. Barranquilla has hosted the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games . The city is home to one of the most important folk and cultural festivals of Colombia, the Carnival of Barranquilla , which was declared a National Cultural Heritage by the Congress of Colombia in 2001 and recognized by UNESCO in 2003. Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport , built in Barranquilla in 1919,
17514-567: Was established, granted by the Spanish crown for his notable military performance. This encomienda disappeared in 1559, when it was in the hands of señora Ana Ximénez, widow of Santa Cruz, after the death of her husband. She became the victim of a disregardful violent act by the second encomendero of Galapa , Don Pedro de Barros I, when he arbitrarily grabbed all the Camacho population that could offer labour and took them to his encomienda . Between 1627 and 1637, Hacienda San Nicolás de Tolentino
17653-434: Was founded by Nicolás de Barros, great-grandson of Don Pedro de Barros I. The farm was established on the banks of the river channel. The original property area was 24.78 km (9.57 sq mi). Pedro Vasquez Buezo expanded the property to 41.3 km (15.9 sq mi). On this estate, Barros allowed his workers to build their homes and support their families, which helped further develop his field operations. After
17792-540: Was granted the status of "ciudad" ("city") by the Constituent Assembly of the State of Bolívar; and in the same year, the Municipal Council of Barranquilla designated three zones in the city: Abajo del Río, Arriba del Río, and El Centro. Barranquilla formed part of the department of Sabanilla, one of the five departments that comprised the Sovereign State of Bolívar, whose formation had succeeded
17931-594: Was maintained until the 1970s. In this context, the office of Salgar was moved to Barranquilla, the Customs Administration of Barranquilla was constructed between 1919 and 1921, designed by the English architect Leslie Arbouin. Under economic dynamism, the city's business strength grew. This was attributed to its point of entry to the country by thousands of immigrants and many advances such as aviation. The city received from President Marco Fidel Suarez
18070-495: Was marked by intense conflict between federalist and centralist factions over the nature of the new government of the recently emancipated juntas, a period that has become known as la Patria Boba . The Province of Santafé became the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca , which soon became embroiled in a civil war against other of the local juntas which banded together to form the United Provinces of New Granada and advocated for
18209-462: Was no real urban public transport system that would serve as an alternative to the private vehicle – which further incentivized its use – and the city had low levels of competitiveness in Latin America, as well as an unsatisfactory quality of life for the vast majority of its inhabitants. The administrations of mayors Andrés Pastrana (1988–90) and Jaime Castro (1992–94), in addition to the first of Antanas Mockus (1995–97), formulated proposals to solve
18348-401: Was not founded during the Spanish colonial period and it was not founded on a pre-Columbian site. The first mention of the current territory of Barranquilla dates back to 1533 and was written by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés . He describes the route of Pedro de Heredia , founder of Cartagena , just weeks before he founded that city, and says that this was a point of landing of canoes for
18487-511: Was passed by Congress recognizing the opening of Bocas de Ceniza as a national necessity. In June of the same year, "The Barranquillazo" coup was attempted by followers of General Ramón González Valencia against the General Jorge Holguín who was designated the rank of president of the republic after the resignation of the incumbent, General Reyes. The first flight of a Colombian airplane occurred in Barranquilla in December 1912,
18626-452: Was probably derived from an alteration of Aragon. During Spanish colonization, the area was known as Camacho or Kamash Indian Site, and San Nicolás de la Barranquilla (patron saint of San Nicolás de Tolentino ) began to develop the area with the estates of Barrancas de Camacho, Barrancas de San Nicolás, Barranquilla de Camacho, and Barranquilla de San Nicolás, from which the city name is derived. In 1921, President Marco Fidel Suárez called
18765-513: Was rapid after 1870, largely because of emigration from the eastern highlands. Early in the 20th century, Colombia had to face devastating consequences from the One Thousand Days War, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, and the loss of Panama . Between 1904 and 1909, the lawfulness of the liberal party was re-established and President Rafael Reyes endeavored to implement a national government. Peace and state reorganization generated
18904-476: Was the first airport in South America. The city is served by domestic and international flights and was Avianca's first hub. Barranquilla's name refers to the canyons that existed in the area adjacent to the Magdalena, where the city arose. During the Spanish colonization of the Americas , the name "barranca" was common in coastal communities ( Barrancabermeja , Barranca Nueva, Barranca Vieja, etc.). This name
19043-468: Was the main ingredient of the Muisca, cultivated on elevated and irrigated terraces . Many words exist in Muysccubun for maize , corn and the various types and forms of it . The product was also the base for chicha ; the alcoholic beverage of the people, still sold in central Bogotá today. It was the beverage used to celebrate the construction of houses, harvests and sowing, ritual practices around
19182-536: Was the official date of founding, traditionally it is the 6 August 1538 that is considered the date of the actual foundation. The village obtained the title of City by way of a decree from Charles V on 27 July 1540, which changed the name of the city from Our Lady of Hope to Santa Fe (Holy Faith), after the name of a town nearby Granada where Jiménez de Quesada grew up. Jiménez de Quesada and conquerors De Belalcázar and Federmann left for Spain in April 1539, founding Guataquí together on 6 April 1539. The rule over
19321-406: Was to comprise the cantons of Barlovento. They proclaimed Colonel Ramón Antigüedad as their leader. The primary objective was to rehabilitate the town of Sabanilla as an independent port, as exports were controlled by the cities of Cartagena and Santa Marta. This rebellion was quickly crushed by Cartagenan troops. In 1845, the city was one of nine cantons that comprised the province of Cartagena. At
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