The Bartell Group , later known as Bartell Broadcasters , Bartell Family Radio , Macfadden-Bartell , and the Bartell Media Corporation , was a family-owned company that owned a number of radio stations in the United States during the 1940s through the 1960s.
174-535: Family members involved in the radio operations included five siblings, Gerald "Jerry" Bartell, Melvin Bartell, Lee Bartell, David Bartell, Rosa Bartell Evans, and one sibling-in-law, Ralph Evans. Several of them got their start in while attending the University of Wisconsin and participating in the operations of university-owned station WHA . They entered the radio business with Milwaukee station WEXT in 1947, on
348-585: A Gothic Revival style. Van Hise Hall is home to most of the languages departments of the university and the upper floors house the offices of the University of Wisconsin System's president and its Board of Regents. At 241 feet and 19 stories, Van Hise is the second-tallest building in Madison and one of the tallest educational buildings in the world. Because of its placement atop Bascom Hill it towers over
522-817: A broadcast engineer , and they subsequently married a couple of years later. Captain Melvin Bartell served in the United States Army in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II as part of the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS). This operation was running the Far East Network through the Pacific, which provided important morale support to the armed forces engaged in the U.S. island-hopping campaign . Bartell
696-614: A status quo antebellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and siege of Fort St. Philip with an army dominated by militia and volunteers, and became a national hero. U.S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane , Levant and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides (the United States and Great Britain) returned to
870-730: A Subject ranking in 227 subject categories. The University of Wisconsin–Madison has the 12th largest research library collection in North America. More than 30 professional and special-purpose libraries serve the campus. The campus library collections include more than 11 million volumes representing human inquiry through all of history. In addition, the collections comprised more than 103,844 serial titles, 6.4 million microform items, and over 8.2 million items in other formats, such as government documents, maps, musical scores, and audiovisual materials. Over 1 million volumes are circulated to library users every year. Memorial Library serves as
1044-589: A beer on the terrace are common among students. The Rathskeller serves "Rathskeller Ale", a beer brewed expressly for the Terrace. Memorial Union was the first union at a public university to serve beer. Memorial Union is home to many arts venues, including several art galleries, the Wisconsin Union Theater, and a craft shop that provides courses and facilities for arts and crafts activities. Students and Madison community members alike congregate at
1218-603: A book (as in Magic Cook Book from the food editors of True Story magazine, Great Western Heroes ) – the imprint expanded into first editions of new material after the purchase by the Bartell Group ( Coffee, Tea or Me? , Mannequin: My Life as a Model ). For the first half of 1967, Bartell Media Corporation reported revenues of $ 15 million and earnings of $ 200,000. But then in November 1967,
1392-629: A civilian for the United States Navy in classified research into radar . She worked in personnel for the United States Naval Research Laboratory . She also worked at radio station WTOP in Washington for Arthur Godfrey , selecting records for him, in the period before he became nationally known. Gerald Bartell enlisted into the United States Navy and at first was assigned to teach courses at
1566-734: A collection of approximately 500,000 zoological specimens, which can be used for research and instruction. A special collection contains skeletons, artifacts, and research papers associated with the Galápagos Islands . Since 1978, the UW–Madison Zoological Museum has been one of only three museums granted permission by the Ecuadoran Government to collect anatomical specimens from the Galápagos Islands. The L. R. Ingersoll Physics Museum contains
1740-758: A debut recital. That led to an engagement to sing leading baritone roles with the Covent Garden Opera in London during 1949. He lived in Italy for a while and sang there, then went on to become a regular performer for the Florentine Opera Company in Milwaukee, and by 1958 was president of that organization. Gerald Bartell, meanwhile, capitalized on his children's program to release a series of children's 78 rpm phonograph records under
1914-649: A few months earlier had become the first human to travel in outer space when he orbited the Earth . Gugarin was in Willemstad in Curaçao when Bartell was able to become the first American press member to get a private interview with the cosmonaut, apparently because Gugarin assumed Bartell was a Curaçao local and not an American. Gugarin told Bartell that he expected to fly to the Moon on his next assignment. With this being
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#17328023528492088-651: A few months. The war remains the deadliest conflict in U.S. history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 men on both sides. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6.4% in the North and 18% in the South . Following the Civil War, the U.S. Army had the mission of containing western tribes of Native Americans on the Indian reservations . They set up many forts, and engaged in
2262-591: A floating colony of sea lilies ( Uintacrinus ), both from the Cretaceous chalk of Kansas , and the Boaz Mastodon , a found on a farm in southwestern Wisconsin in 1897. The Chazen Museum of Art , formerly the Elvehjem Museum of Art, maintains a collection of paintings, drawings, sculpture, prints and photographs spanning over 700 years of art. The university's Zoological Museum maintains
2436-512: A frequency of 1570 under the ownership of the Bartell family. It focused on a music-and-news format. KCBQ in San Diego, which Bartell bought in December 1955, became one of the nation's first rock 'n' roll stations, playing the music of Elvis Presley , Little Richard and others. This would be the home of one of the nation's pioneering Top 40 programming. It was the most popular station in
2610-534: A functional area. However, officers continue to wear the branch insignia of their former branch in most cases, as functional areas do not generally have discrete insignia. Some branches, such as Special Forces , operate similarly to functional areas in that individuals may not join their ranks until having served in another Army branch. Careers in the Army can extend into cross-functional areas for officers, warrant officers, enlisted, and civilian personnel. Before 1933,
2784-472: A high graduate coexistence. The largest university college, the College of Letters and Science , enrolls approximately half of the undergraduate student body and is made up of 38 departments and five professional schools that instruct students and carry out research in a wide variety of fields, such as astronomy , economics, geography , history, linguistics , and zoology . The graduate instructional program
2958-458: A measure stand or upon their degree of public acceptance. ... The audience is a great unsophisticated critic. It seems to know what it wants." The Bartells were not always tied to the Top 40 format, however. In May 1959, Bartell Broadcasters acquired New York radio station WOV and then changed its call letters to WADO , with Melvin Bartell running it. The station focused on ethnic programming. During
3132-443: A mile from the state capitol , the main campus of the university is situated partially on the isthmus between Lake Mendota and Lake Monona . The main campus comprises 933 acres (378 ha) of land, while the entire campus, including research stations throughout the state, is over 10,600 acres (4,290 ha) in area. The central campus is on an urban layout mostly coinciding with the city of Madison's street grid, exceptions being
3306-726: A month – known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UTAs) – and conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Both the Regular Army and the Army Reserve are organized under Title 10 of the United States Code , while the National Guard is organized under Title 32 . While the Army National Guard is organized, trained, and equipped as a component of the U.S. Army, when it
3480-688: A movie theater, a climbing wall, a bowling alley, event spaces, and a hotel. The Wisconsin Union also provides a home for the Wisconsin Union Directorate Student Programming Board, which provides regular programs for both students and community members. One of the most well-known members is the Wisconsin Hoofers , a club that organizes outdoor recreational activities. Henry Mall is a 50-foot wide and 575-foot long landscaped quadrangle that
3654-528: A naval training school for radio operators that had been established on the university campus. Following that he became a naval aviation ensign and served for three years with the VPB-92 patrol bombing squadron including off the coast of Morocco during the North African Campaign . By January 1946, Melvin Bartell had returned to the United States. Following his discharge, he pursued a career as
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#17328023528493828-484: A new call sign , WOKY . In doing so they formed a new company named the Bartell Group. WOKY launched in September 1950. WOKY initially aired a full-service variety format similar to WEXT's, including popular music shows and programs oriented toward housewives and children. This included the continuation of Playtime for Children . Audience figures went up once the station concentrated on a music-and-news format. WOKY
4002-487: A new Army Command (ACOM) in 2018. The Army Futures Command (AFC), is a peer of FORSCOM, TRADOC, and AMC, the other ACOMs. AFC's mission is modernization reform: to design hardware, as well as to work within the acquisition process which defines materiel for AMC. TRADOC's mission is to define the architecture and organization of the Army, and to train and supply soldiers to FORSCOM. AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs) are Futures Command's vehicle for sustainable reform of
4176-480: A predominantly combat support role. The army converted to an all-volunteer force with greater emphasis on training to specific performance standards driven by the reforms of General William E. DePuy , the first commander of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command . Following the Camp David Accords that was signed by Egypt, Israel that was brokered by president Jimmy Carter in 1978, as part of
4350-401: A range of exhibits demonstrating classical and modern physics . Many of the exhibits allow for hands-on interaction by visitors. The museum also has a number of historical instruments and pictures on display. The University of Wisconsin–Madison is divided into eight main undergraduate schools and colleges and four main professional schools, some of which have further divisions: UW–Madison
4524-618: A role in the invasions of Grenada in 1983 ( Operation Urgent Fury ) and Panama in 1989 ( Operation Just Cause ). By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990, Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait , and U.S. land forces quickly deployed to assure
4698-563: A series of investigative articles stating that AMRC was pursuing research directly pursuant to US Department of Defense requests, and supportive of military operations in Vietnam. AMRC became a magnet for demonstrations, in which protesters chanted "U.S. out of Vietnam! Smash Army Math!" On August 24, 1970, near 3:40 am, a bomb exploded next to Sterling Hall, aimed at destroying the Army Math Research Center. Despite
4872-416: A singer. Rosa and Ralph Evans returned to Wisconsin, where he finished his engineering degree. David and Lee had become a lawyers, and Gerald was again on the faculty at University of Wisconsin, where he was assistant professor of radio education. Lee Bartell heard that broadcasting would probably be a good business to be in the post-war environment and, as Rosa later said, he "had this idea for us to go into
5046-416: A state university, at or near the seat of state government..." and directed by the state legislature to be governed by a board of regents and administered by a Chancellor . On July 26, 1848, Nelson Dewey , Wisconsin's first governor , signed the act that formally created the University of Wisconsin. John H. Lathrop became the university's first chancellor, in the fall of 1849. With John W. Sterling as
5220-686: A strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863, the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–1863, General Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off
5394-494: A struggle for executive control of the company, which Downe prevailed in. All of the Bartell siblings and in-laws resigned or retired from their positions in Bartell Media Corporation, and a new president, Earl H. Tiffany, was named for Bartell Media Corporation. Gerald did retain a title of executive consultant. After that, the Bartell Media Corporation continued on as a publicly visible entity, but without
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5568-405: A talent for artistry, a perspicacity for business and a decided penchant for perfection into a small empire builder in the past nine years." During 1957 Bartell trade advertisements began to stress the notion of family radio, although Gerald Bartell later conceded that it was more of a marketing gimmick than a real difference in what music the station played. In any case, by 1958, Bartell Family Radio
5742-489: A total yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 28.9%. On average, UW–Madison accepts about two-thirds of in-state applicants, while its out-of-state acceptance rate is approximately 18%. UW–Madison's freshman retention rate is 94.2%, with 89.2% going on to graduate within six years. The university started test-optional admissions with the Fall 2021 incoming class in response to
5916-576: A tradition known as "the Wisconsin Idea ", first articulated by UW–Madison President Charles Van Hise in 1904, when he declared "I shall never be content until the beneficent influence of the University reaches every home in the state." The Wisconsin Idea holds that the boundaries of the university should be the boundaries of the state, and that the research conducted at UW–Madison should be applied to solve problems and improve health, quality of life,
6090-479: A year later, when the new company became known as Macfadden-Bartell. Gerald became chairman of the company, Lee the president, and Melvin the secretary. Macfadden-Bartell was listed on the American Stock Exchange . As Financial World magazine noted, while at the time it was common for magazine publishers to buy broadcasting companies to expand their communications offerings, this was a case of
6264-546: Is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin , United States. It was founded in 1848 when Wisconsin achieved statehood and is the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System . The 933-acre (378 ha) main campus is located on the shores of Lake Mendota and includes four National Historic Landmarks . The university also owns and operates the 1,200-acre (486 ha) University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum 4 miles (6.4 km) south of
6438-495: Is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 10 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 30 freshman students were National Merit Scholars . UW–Madison's undergraduate program was ranked tied for 39th among national universities by U.S. News & World Report for 2025 and tied for 13th among public universities. Poets&Quants ranked
6612-619: Is also a leading producer of Fulbright Scholars and MacArthur Fellows . As of November 2018 , 14 CEOs of Fortune 500 companies attended UW–Madison, the most of any university in the nation. The Wisconsin Badgers compete in 25 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division ;I Big Ten Conference and have won 31 national championships . Wisconsin students and alumni have won 50 Olympic medals (including 13 gold medals). The university had its official beginnings when
6786-582: Is also noteworthy for being the first station in Milwaukee to broadcast traffic reports from a helicopter, courtesy of air personality Art Zander and his feature "The Safer Route". By October 1952, WOKY was the third-most popular radio station in the city. Melvin did not join in the radio business right away. Still pursuing his singing career, he appeared in the opera Street Scene on Broadway in 1947. The following year, he received honorable mention in American Theater Wing auditions to perform
6960-574: Is classified by Carnegie as "comprehensive with medical/veterinary." In 2008, it granted the third largest number of doctorates in the nation. The Princeton Review ranked the University of Wisconsin–Madison's undergraduate admissions selectivity a 92/99. The 2022 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes UW–Madison as "more selective." For the Class of 2027 (enrolled Fall 2023), UW–Madison received 63,537 applications and accepted 27,527 (43.3%). Of those accepted, 7,966 enrolled, for
7134-405: Is completely ignored by many stations. ... Bartell's warbling ... is swell. It has resonance, and kids can probably ascertain that his heart is in it ... the show is well-produced, well-written, and certainly well-thought out." With WEXT finding an audience but only barely profitable, the Bartell family applied for full-time broadcast operations, and the result was a move down the dial to AM 920 and
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7308-658: Is considered a Public Ivy , and is classified as an R1 University . UW–Madison was also the home of both the prominent "Wisconsin School" of economics and diplomatic history . In 2023, UW–Madison ranked sixth among U.S. universities in research expenditures , according to the National Science Foundation . As of March 2023 , 20 Nobel laureates , 41 Pulitzer Prize winners, 2 Fields medalists , and 1 Turing Award recipient have been affiliated with UW–Madison as alumni, faculty, or researchers . It
7482-463: Is governed by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System , which governs each of the state's 13 comprehensive public universities. The board has 18 members; 16 are appointed by the governor of Wisconsin, while two are students of the system. Furthermore, the elected superintendent of public instruction serves as an ex-officio member. The board establishes the regulations and budgets for
7656-533: Is not in federal service it is under the command of individual state and territorial governors. However, the District of Columbia National Guard reports to the U.S. president, not the district's mayor , even when not federalized. Any or all of the National Guard can be federalized by presidential order and against the governor's wishes. The U.S. Army is led by a civilian secretary of the Army , who has
7830-670: Is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of brigade combat teams are: In addition, there are combat support and service support modular brigades. Combat support brigades include aviation (CAB) brigades, which will come in heavy and light varieties, fires (artillery) brigades (now transforms to division artillery) and expeditionary military intelligence brigades . Combat service support brigades include sustainment brigades and come in several varieties and serve
8004-537: Is the Memorial Union . UW–Madison's campus has been ranked as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States by Travel + Leisure and Condé Nast Traveler . One unusual feature of the campus is the Babcock Hall dairy plant and store, a fully functional dairy well known for its ice cream. As one of the icons on campus, Bascom Hall, at the top of Bascom Hill, is often considered
8178-630: Is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during
8352-447: Is to build a total communications complex." In 1965, Macfadden-Bartell was renamed to the Bartell Media Corporation. Melvin becomes executive vice president of Bartell Media Corporation, while Ralph Evans had the position of Vice President for Engineering with it. Bartell Media expanded on Macfadden's book publishing imprint , Bartholomew House – initially used by Macfadden to group together stories from its magazines into
8526-820: The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775. The U.S. Army is a uniformed service of
8700-949: The Army Strategy 2018 articulated an eight-point addendum to the Army Vision for 2028. While the Army Mission remains constant, the Army Strategy builds upon the Army's Brigade Modernization by adding focus to corps and division -level echelons. The Army Futures Command oversees reforms geared toward conventional warfare . The Army's current reorganization plan is due to be completed by 2028. The Army's five core competencies are prompt and sustained land combat, combined arms operations (to include combined arms maneuver and wide–area security, armored and mechanized operations and airborne and air assault operations ), special operations forces , to set and sustain
8874-537: The Battle of 73 Easting were tank battles of historical significance. After Operation Desert Storm, the army did not see major combat operations for the remainder of the 1990s but did participate in a number of peacekeeping activities. In 1990 the Department of Defense issued guidance for "rebalancing" after a review of the Total Force Policy, but in 2004, USAF Air War College scholars concluded
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#17328023528499048-427: The Netherlands and the United Kingdom , until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack. During the Cold War, U.S. troops and their allies fought communist forces in Korea and Vietnam . The Korean War began in June 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a UN Security Council meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent
9222-410: The University of Rochester to attend its Eastman School of Music , from where he gained a degree in 1941. While in Rochester he worked at radio station WHAM . Rosa too was a student at the University of Wisconsin and on the staff at WHA, where she was a singer, songwriter, program produceer, and music librarian. There she met Ralph Evans, an electrical engineering student who worked at the station as
9396-402: The University of Wisconsin Law School tied for 29th, and the Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs tied for 25th. The Wall Street Journal / Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022 ranked UW–Madison 58th among 801 U.S. colleges and universities based upon 15 individual performance indicators. UW–Madison was ranked eleventh in the nation and second among public universities by
9570-705: The University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum opened in 1934. The University of Wisconsin Experimental College was a two-year college designed and led by Alexander Meiklejohn in 1927 with a great books , liberal arts curriculum. Students followed a uniform curriculum that sought to teach democracy and foster an intrinsic love of learning, but the college developed a reputation for radicalism and wanton anarchy in which students lived and worked with their teachers, had no fixed schedule, no compulsory lessons, and no semesterly grades. The advisers taught primarily through tutorial instead of lectures. The Great Depression and lack of outreach to Wisconsinites and UW faculty led to
9744-408: The V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. Over time, additional campuses were added to the university. The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee was created in 1956, and UW–Green Bay and UW–Parkside in 1968. Ten freshman-sophomore centers were also added to this system. In 1971, Wisconsin legislators passed a law merging the University of Wisconsin with
9918-443: The Washington Monthly 2023 National University Rankings. In 2023, Money.com gave the University of Wisconsin–Madison 5 out of 5 stars among four-year colleges and universities in their Best Colleges in America list. UW–Madison was ranked 35th among world universities in 2022 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities , which assesses academic and research performance. In the 2024 QS World University Rankings , UW–Madison
10092-448: The Wisconsin School of Business undergraduate program 22nd in the nation, up 10 positions from 2022, and top 10 among public universities. Other graduate schools ranked by USNWR for 2022 include the School of Medicine and Public Health , which was 33rd in research and 12th in primary care, the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Education tied for fourth, the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering tied for 26th,
10266-414: The Wisconsin Territorial Legislature in its 1838 session passed a law incorporating a " University of the Territory of Wisconsin ", and a high-ranking board of visitors was appointed. However, this body (the predecessor of the UW board of regents ) never actually accomplished anything before Wisconsin was incorporated as a state in 1848. The Wisconsin Constitution provided for "the establishment of
10440-545: The environment , and agriculture for all citizens of the state. The Wisconsin Idea permeates the university's work and helps forge close working relationships among university faculty and students, and the state's industries and government. Based in Wisconsin's populist history, the Wisconsin Idea continues to inspire the work of the faculty, staff, and students who aim to solve real-world problems by working together across disciplines and demographics. During this period, numerous significant research milestones were met, including
10614-442: The fiscal year 2022, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across
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#173280235284910788-450: The guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the People's Army Of Vietnam (NVA) . During the 1960s, the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve . In 1967, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in
10962-400: The over-the-counter market based in New York. For its fiscal year ending June 30, 1960, Bartell Broadcasting's gross income was about $ 3.1 million, up from $ 2.7 million the year before. In February 1961, Bartell acquired a controlling interest in Macfadden Publications . However, due to delays cause by a shareholder suit that was eventually resolved, the merger did not become effective until
11136-447: The "heart of the campus." Built in 1857, a decorative dome that once sat atop the structure was destroyed by fire in 1916. The structure has been added to several times over the years. The building currently houses the office of the chancellor and vice chancellors. Bascom Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building within the Bascom Hill Historic District. Flanking both sides of Bascom Hall are
11310-460: The Army (HQDA): See Structure of the United States Army for a detailed treatment of the history , components , administrative and operational structure and the branches and functional areas of the Army. The U.S. Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once
11484-401: The Army National Guard members were considered state militia until they were mobilized into the U.S. Army, typically at the onset of war. Since the 1933 amendment to the National Defense Act of 1916 , all Army National Guard soldiers have held dual status. They serve as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and as reserve members of the U.S. Army under
11658-411: The Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to eight divisions (one mechanized infantry, two armored, and five infantry), but increased the number of brigades from seven to 18 (one airborne, one armored, two mechanized infantry and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not sit well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and
11832-449: The Bartell Group made significant contributions as well. David T. MacFarland has also identified these four as the main creators of the format, with Gerald Bartell as the main force behind the Bartell Group and Harold Krelstein being the same for Plough. Music author Jim Curtis has written, "If we speak of pioneer innovations in Top 40, we must speak of three men: Todd Storz, Gordon McLendon, and Gerald Bartell." Storz and McLendon clearly got
12006-402: The British were weakest to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton , but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776 and the Philadelphia campaign in 1777. With a decisive victory at Yorktown and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British. After the war, the Continental Army
12180-470: The COVID-19 pandemic and has extended this through Fall 2024. Of the 38% of enrolled freshmen in 2022 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 28 and 33. Of the 18% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1370–1500. The average unweighted GPA among enrolled freshman was 3.88. Admission is need-blind for domestic applicants. The University of Wisconsin–Madison
12354-405: The Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops who had dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", were able to capture and burn Washington , which was defended by militia, in 1814. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore , prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of
12528-803: The Caribbean islands of Curaçao and Aruba , with the former starting in 1960 and the latter in 1963. The government of the Netherlands Antilles joined with the Bartell Group to form the Netherlands Antilles Television & Electronic Company. Each station was on the air for about eight hours per day. The full list of family television stations thus included: Gerald Bartell also appeared on air on these television stations, including one amusing episode in July 1961 when he interviewed Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin , who
12702-534: The Caribbean. The family members left the radio business in 1968, but the Bartell Media Corporation name carried on into much of the 1970s. The Bartell Group was an important broadcasting entity during the post-World War II era and helped pioneer the Top 40 radio format. Three of the Bartell family members have been inducted into the Wisconsin Broadcasters Hall of Fame. The Bartell siblings were
12876-797: The Henry Mall area were conceived to be "technical" and geographically close to the science departments and the university farm. The Mall features several notable buildings, including Agriculture Hall , the Agronomy Building, the Agricultural Engineering Building , and the Agricultural Chemistry Building . The Mall is also home to several artworks, including the Hoard statue by Gutzon Borglum , which honors William Dempster Hoard ,
13050-697: The Jewish experience. During a 1972 interview with a scholar he seemed to express regret regarding his days in marketing his radio stations, saying "I'm glad to get the hell out of it, frankly. I never felt real clean doing it. I never felt as if I were doing the best work that I could do. I feel much more competent doing other things like work in the arts and drama." He died in 1990, in Wisconsin at age 76. University of Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison The University of Wisconsin–Madison ( University of Wisconsin , Wisconsin , UW , UW–Madison , or simply Madison )
13224-546: The Memorial Union for the films and concerts each week. An advisory referendum to renovate and expand Memorial Union was approved by the student body in 2006, and the university completed the renovation in 2017. Union South was first built in 1971 to better accommodate a growing student enrollment. The original structure was demolished in 2008 and replaced with a LEED -certified building which opened in 2011. The building contains several dining options, an art gallery,
13398-545: The National Guard, while all states maintain regulations for state militias . State militias are both "organized", meaning that they are armed forces usually part of the state defense forces, or "unorganized" simply meaning that all able-bodied males may be eligible to be called into military service. The U.S. Army is also divided into several branches and functional areas . Branches include officers, warrant officers, and enlisted Soldiers while functional areas consist of officers who are reclassified from their former branch into
13572-715: The ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve . The Army of the United States was re-established for the Korean War and Vietnam War and was demobilized upon the suspension of the draft . Currently, the Army is divided into the Regular Army , the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard . Some states further maintain state defense forces , as a type of reserve to
13746-458: The Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking helped shape the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben , who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills. The Army fought numerous pitched battles, and sometimes used Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics in the South in 1780 and 1781; under Major General Nathanael Greene , it hit where
13920-871: The San Diego area, with an up to 30 percent share of the listening audience. KYA in San Francisco, California was bought by the Bartells in 1958; Lee Bartell became president and general manager and the station switched to a Top 40 format. The Bartells sold it in 1962. In 1958, Gerald Bartell gave a speech to the Wisconsin State Radio Listeners' League in which he discussed the always-present question of commercial appeal versus artistic value, saying that he realized that Jussi Björling or Arthur Rubinstein were clearly artistically superior to Liberace or Mario Lanza , but that in any form of art and entertainment, not just radio, "all in
14094-453: The School of Economics, Political Science, and History at Wisconsin for purportedly teaching socialistic doctrines. This effort failed, with the Wisconsin state Board of Regents issuing a ringing proclamation in favor of academic freedom , acknowledging the necessity for freely " sifting and winnowing " among competing claims of truth. Research, teaching, and service at the UW is influenced by
14268-663: The Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had General Robert E. Lee under siege in Richmond as General William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas . The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House. All other Confederate armies surrendered within
14442-604: The State Capitol as the building with the highest elevation in the city. Van Hise Hall was constructed in 1967 and its destruction is slated for sometime around 2025 as part of the university's campus master plan. The George L. Mosse Humanities Building, located on Library Mall, was built in the late 1960s in the Brutalist style. Although debunked, the campus myth is that the building (with its poor ventilation, narrow windows, inclined base, and cantilevered upper floors)
14616-491: The Union or the Terrace, it has gained a reputation as one of the most beautiful student centers on a university campus. Located on the shore of Lake Mendota , it is a popular spot for socializing among both students and the public, who enjoy gazing at the lake and its sailboats. The union is known for the Rathskeller , a German pub adjacent to the lake terrace. Political debates and backgammon and sheepshead games over
14790-538: The United States and is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch, and in
14964-540: The United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army , consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina . For the first two years, Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a large territory in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued
15138-405: The United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into
15312-571: The Wisconsin land-grant institution in 1866. In 1875, William Smith Noland became the first known African-American to graduate from the university. Science Hall was constructed in 1888 as one of the world's first buildings to use I-beams . On April 4, 1892, the first edition of the student-run The Daily Cardinal was published. In 1894 an unsuccessful attempt was made by Oliver Elwin Wells , Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin to expel Richard T. Ely from his chair of director of
15486-423: The acquisition process for the future. In order to support the Army's modernization priorities, its FY2020 budget allocated $ 30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over the next five years. The $ 30 billion came from $ 8 billion in cost avoidance and $ 22 billion in terminations. The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence,
15660-491: The agreement, both the United States and Egypt agreed that there would be a joint military training led by both countries that would usually take place every 2 years, that exercise is known as Exercise Bright Star . The 1980s was mostly a decade of reorganization. The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 created unified combatant commands bringing the army together with the other four military services under unified, geographically organized command structures. The army also played
15834-441: The area, have survived to a greater or lesser degree on campus, depending on location and past building activities. Surviving sites are marked and fenced on the campus, ensuring that they are not disturbed. Wisconsin statutes protect effigy mounds by giving them a five-foot buffer zone. The Lakeshore Nature Preserve Committee is endeavoring to "...safeguard beloved cultural landscapes," through aggressive enforcement of measures for
16008-650: The army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft . In 1910, during the Mexican Revolution , the army was deployed to U.S. towns near the border to ensure the safety of lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa , a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico , prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I as an "Associated Power" in 1917 on
16182-619: The authority of the president, in the Army National Guard of the United States. Since the adoption of the total force policy, in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, reserve component soldiers have taken a more active role in U.S. military operations. For example, Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War , peacekeeping in Kosovo , Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq . [REDACTED] Headquarters, United States Department of
16356-722: The belief that between them they had expertise in law, engineering, music, writing, and acting, all of which would prove useful in the field. Some of the more well-known stations the Bartell Group owned include WOKY in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , KCBQ in San Diego, California , KRUX 1360 in Phoenix, Arizona , and Spanish-language WADO in New York City . The family also owned a few television stations, including WMTV-TV in Madison, Wisconsin and Telecuraçao and Telearuba in
16530-437: The broadcasting business, because our respective professions included law, engineering, music, writing and acting. He felt that among the six of us, we had all the talent and expertise needed for a successful venture." The family raised $ 50,000 towards this new endeavor. The Bartells had their origin in radio in the Milwaukee area , in the form of WEXT , a 1,000-watt daytimer radio station at 1430 kilocycles in Milwaukee. It
16704-446: The brokerage firm Weis, Voisin, Cannon purchased additional stock such that the siblings were for the first time now in the minority, owning only 35–40 percent of the company. There was a shuffle at the directors level and Melvin and David Bartell were no longer officers of the company, leaving only Gerald and Lee in positions at that level. During 1968, Downe Communications acquired 32 percent of Bartell Media Corporation, as part of
16878-662: The building, as part of the September 11 attacks . In response to the 11 September attacks and as part of the Global War on Terror , U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003; it served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In
17052-543: The children of Russian Jews Benjamin and Lena Beznor. The father immigrated to the United States in 1911, with the mother following in 1913, as part of the wave of Central and Eastern European Jews who came to America . (Other accounts place the parents coming in 1913 or later.) Three of the children were born in Belopolye in Russia: Belle (1906–2005), David B.(1908–2006), and Lee K. (1910–1991), while three of
17226-571: The children were born once the family was in the United States: Gerald A. "Jerry" (1914–1990) in Chicago, Illinois , and Melvin (1916–2006) and Elizabeth Robbin "Rosa" (1918–2009) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin . Belle was the only one of the siblings that did not become involved in the family radio business. The family name of Beznor gradually evolved to Bartell, with it being done first by those siblings who were public performers. So while
17400-517: The college's closure in 1932. In 1936, UW–Madison began an artist-in-residence program with John Steuart Curry , the first ever at a university. In the 1940s, Warfarin (Coumadin) was developed at UW by the laboratory of Karl Paul Link and named after the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. During World War II, the University of Wisconsin was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in
17574-466: The combatant commanders for use as directed by the secretary of defense. By 2013, the army shifted to six geographical commands that align with the six geographical unified combatant commands (CCMD): The army also transformed its base unit from divisions to brigades . Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan
17748-558: The day, WADO broadcast Top 40 and R&B music. At night, they ran Italian programming, which thus comprised half their programming. By 1962, some Spanish language programming was run on weekends. By 1963, the only English programming found on WADO was in Sunday religious broadcasts. In 1964, WADO began broadcasting completely in Spanish from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Italian from 8 p.m. to midnight. Overnight, Asian programming
17922-521: The discoveries of Vitamin A and Vitamin B in 1913 and 1916, respectively, by Elmer V. McCollum and Marguerite Davis , as well as the " Single-grain experiment " conducted by Stephen Moulton Babcock and Edwin B. Hart from 1907 to 1911, paving the way for modern nutrition as a science. In 1923, Harry Steenbock invented process for adding vitamin D to milk and in 1925, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
18096-627: The disturbance. The struggle was documented in the book, They Marched into Sunlight , as well as the PBS documentary Two Days in October . Among the students injured in the protest was former Madison mayor Paul Soglin . Another target of protest was the Army Mathematics Research Center (AMRC) in Sterling Hall, which was also home of the physics department. The student newspaper, The Daily Cardinal , published
18270-631: The end of FY2017. From 2016 to 2017, the Army retired hundreds of OH-58 Kiowa Warrior observation helicopters, while retaining its Apache gunships. The 2015 expenditure for Army research, development and acquisition changed from $ 32 billion projected in 2012 for FY15 to $ 21 billion for FY15 expected in 2014. By 2017, a task force was formed to address Army modernization, which triggered shifts of units: CCDC , and ARCIC , from within Army Materiel Command (AMC), and Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), respectively, to
18444-439: The end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. However, no reduction in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968. The Total Force Policy
18618-585: The establishment of the Female College Building in 1871 (today the location of Chadbourne Hall). The administrative offices of the College of Letters and Science now occupy the building. The Carillon Tower, erected in 1936, was designed by Warren Powers Laird and Paul Philippe Cret so that the balustrade echoes that on Bascom Hall. The carillon has 56 bronze bells, with the largest weighing 6,800 pounds. An automated system rings bells on
18792-503: The faculty at the University of Wisconsin, being named an assistant professor of radio education in the Department of Speech in 1940. While on the faculty he took advantage of a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship and worked at NBC in New York in sales, merchandising, and production tasks. Melvin also was on the student staff at WHA and was a popular figure on the air through his graduation in 1938. An aspiring opera singer, he then went to
18966-447: The first black hosts of a television show anywhere in the United States, and despite receiving hate mail on the subject, Bartell did not back down from having them as hosts and the show ran for the next nine years. This was followed by WOKY-TV Channel 19 in Milwaukee in October 1953. It was bought by CBS the following year. The Bartell Group also became involved in the creation of Telecuraçao and Telearuba , television stations in
19140-547: The first building on campus. In 1854, Levi Booth and Charles T. Wakeley became the first graduates of the university, and in 1892 the university awarded its first PhD to future university president Charles R. Van Hise . Female students were first admitted to the University of Wisconsin during the American Civil War in 1863. The Wisconsin State Legislature formally designated the university as
19314-434: The first public mentions of Gerald in 1937 have him using Bartell, as late as 1949 and then 1953, David and Lee were still using Beznor in their public business work, until they switched too for consistency. The family's interest in radio began with Gerald Bartell's time at the University of Wisconsin during the 1930s, when he was on the student staff of university-owned station WHA . As one university history states, Gerald
19488-580: The following years, the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency , resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S. service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003 and 2011. Until 2009, the army's chief modernization plan, its most ambitious since World War II, was the Future Combat Systems program. In 2009, many systems were canceled, and
19662-586: The forces that landed in French North Africa and took Tunisia and then moved on to Sicily and later fought in Italy . In the June 1944 landings in northern France and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany , millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In 1947, the number of soldiers in the US Army had decreased from eight million in 1945 to 684,000 soldiers and
19836-420: The full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders ". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States of America. The United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. Armed Forces . Section 7062 of Title 10, U.S. Code defines the purpose of the army as: In 2018,
20010-685: The geographical status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict. The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles . It took long wars (1818–1858) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians' winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there
20184-471: The guidance would reverse the Total Force Policy which is an "essential ingredient to the successful application of military force". On 11 September 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of
20358-589: The height of the Space Race , in which the Soviets were ahead at the time, American interest in the interview was piqued and General Maxwell D. Taylor , a top military advisor to President John F. Kennedy , called Bartell to find out if Gagarin had revealed a Moon mission schedule and to find out the interviewer's impressions of the cosmonaut. Gerald Bartell was president of the Bartell Group. In 1956, Broadcasting/Telecasting magazine said that he had "combined
20532-477: The hour, playing songs such as " Varsity " and " On, Wisconsin! ". East of the tower, lies a monument to the Sauk leader Black Hawk , whose flight through the Madison area represented the last armed conflict between the United States Army and native peoples in southern Wisconsin. Several other notable architectural styles are represented in the historic core of the university. Following the 1884 fire that destroyed
20706-550: The involvement of any of the Bartell siblings. Further ownership of Bartell by Downe Communications was approved by federal regulators in 1969. Lee Bartell subsequently became a force in the San Diego area hotel industry, including ownership of the Humphrey's Half Moon Inn and the La Jolla Village Inn. In 1976, Lee Bartell got back into the radio business with station KMJC 910 "Magic 91" in San Diego. Thus, there
20880-456: The lake." The regents' building plans called for a "main edifice fronting towards the Capitol, three stories high, surmounted by an observatory for astronomical observations." This building, University Hall, now known as Bascom Hall , was finally completed in 1859. On October 10, 1916, a fire destroyed the building's dome, which was never replaced. North Hall , constructed in 1851, was actually
21054-771: The last of the American Indian Wars . U.S. Army troops also occupied several Southern states during the Reconstruction Era to protect freedmen . The key battles of the Spanish–American War of 1898 were fought by the Navy. Using mostly new volunteers , the U.S. forces defeated Spain in land campaigns in Cuba and played the central role in the Philippine–American War . Starting in 1910,
21228-579: The late hour, a post doctoral physics researcher , Robert Fassnacht , was in the lab and was killed in the explosion. The physics department was severely damaged, while the intended target, the AMRC, was scarcely affected. Karleton Armstrong , Dwight Armstrong , and David Fine were found responsible for the blast. Leo Burt was identified as a suspect, but was never apprehended or tried. In 1998, UW–Madison's James Thomson first isolated and cultured human embryonic stem cells . Located in Madison , about
21402-406: The main campus. UW–Madison is organized into 13 schools and colleges, which enrolled approximately 34,200 undergraduate and 14,300 graduate and professional students in 2024. Its academic programs include 136 undergraduate majors, 148 master's degree programs, and 120 doctoral programs. Wisconsin is one of the twelve founding members of the selective Association of American Universities . It
21576-433: The most attention in the radio industry press for their actions, while Bartell got less and Plough none at all. However, Bartell may have benefited from Milwaukee being an out-of-the-way city and thus being able to innovate without purveyors of conventional wisdom telling him what could or could not be done. In particular, while singing commercials had been heard on network broadcast radio before, Bartell stations pioneered
21750-547: The name Jerry Bartell. The first of these came out in 1948 and was called Tingo, the Story of a Clown , a 12-minute tale that had been written by his wife Joyce. They featured him playing the characters and singing the songs. Subsequent releases included the song collections Playtime and Jerry Bartell's Playtime Album in 1949, and Pat and the Pixies and The Men Who Come To Our House in 1950, both of which his wife Joyce wrote
21924-499: The nine universities and four freshman-sophomore branch campuses of the Wisconsin State Universities System , creating the University of Wisconsin System and bringing the two higher education systems under a single board of regents. UW–Madison's Howard Temin , a virologist, co-discovered the enzyme reverse transcriptase in 1969, and The Badger Herald was founded as a conservative student paper
22098-537: The original, Milwaukee architect Henry C. Koch designed the new Science Hall (built in 1888) in a Romanesque Revival style . The Education Building, originally designed to house the College of Engineering, features a Beaux-Arts style . Structures built in a Neoclassical style include Birge Hall and the Wisconsin Historical Society . Located at the foot of the hill, Music Hall was designed in 1878 by Madison architect David R. Jones in
22272-492: The phrase, "This is Armed Forces Radio Service, Station WVTR in Tokyo" on September 12, 1945. On the station Bartell devoted the programming to original shows about the occupation, overseas Army shows such as Command Performance , as well as rebroadcasts of popular American shows. In addition to directing the programming, Melvin also appeared on-air. Meanwhile, Rosa and Ralph Evans moved to Washington, D.C. , where he worked as
22446-465: The preservation of such zones and advocating for broader buffers where possible. The Geology Museum features rocks, minerals, and fossils from around the world. Highlights include a blacklight room, a walk-through cave, and a fragment of the Barringer meteorite . Some noteworthy fossils include the first dinosaur skeleton assembled in Wisconsin (an Edmontosaurus ), a shark ( Squalicorax ) and
22620-686: The principal research facility on campus for the humanities and social sciences. It is the largest library in the state, with over 3.5 million volumes. It also houses a periodical collection, domestic and foreign newspapers, Special Collections, the Mills Music Library, and the UW Digital Collections Center. The UW–Madison Libraries are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. United States Army The United States Army ( USA )
22794-545: The protection of Saudi Arabia . In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces . The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army . Some of the largest tank battles in history were fought during the Gulf war. The Battle of Medina Ridge , Battle of Norfolk and
22968-701: The publisher of Hoard's Dairyman magazine. The Henry Boulder, a chunk of gneiss on the mall with a plaque, is dedicated to Dean William Arnon Henry , the mall's namesake, who helped establish the College of Agriculture. Other buildings in the area include the Stovall Lab of Hygiene and the Genetics Building. The Henry Mall Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. UW–Madison claims more distinct archaeological sites than on any other university campus. The campus contains four clusters of effigy mounds located at Observatory Hill, Willow Drive, Picnic Point, and Eagle Heights. These sites, reflecting thousands of years of human habitation in
23142-412: The remaining were swept into the BCT modernization program . By 2017, the Brigade Modernization project was completed and its headquarters, the Brigade Modernization Command, was renamed the Joint Modernization Command, or JMC. In response to Budget sequestration in 2013 , Army plans were to shrink to 1940 levels, although actual Active-Army end-strengths were projected to fall to some 450,000 troops by
23316-555: The reverse happening. Macfadden's pulp magazine business had been in decline, much as the radio business had been in the 1940s and 1950s with the advent of television; as The New York Times said, "The rise of the Bartells stems from a rather simple, if harrowing, formula. They specialize in buying into an industry after other entrepreneurs have decided that the industry is in decline." Initial results of Macfadden-Bartell were positive, with revenues up to nearly $ 26 million and profits rising by 1963. Lee Bartell said, "What we intend to do
23490-417: The same year. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, UW–Madison was shaken by a series of student protests, and by the use of force by authorities in response, comprehensively documented in the film The War at Home . The first major demonstrations protested the presence on campus of recruiters for the Dow Chemical Company, which supplied the napalm used in the Vietnam War . Authorities used force to quell
23664-403: The service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the president of the United States , the secretary of defense and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of
23838-413: The service of the army. By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the " National Army " was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and
24012-456: The services follows a chain of command from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the unified combatant commanders , who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility, thus the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to
24186-415: The side of Britain , France , Russia , Italy and the other Allies . U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces. In 1939, estimates of the Army's strength ranged between 174,000 and 200,000 soldiers, smaller than that of Portugal 's, which ranked it 17th or 19th in
24360-443: The smaller stations were sold as the family entered larger markets. By 1960 the family owned six radio stations. The Bartells also entered into the television market. WMTV-TV Channel 33 began operations in Madison in July 1953 with Gerald Bartell managing it. One of the main programs on it was the culinary show What's Cookin ' , hosted by pioneering African American chef Carson Gulley and his wife Beatrice. They became among
24534-443: The state militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the " Regular Army " with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed. In 1941, the " Army of the United States " was founded to fight World War II. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, the National Guard, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously. After World War II,
24708-402: The states of California , Nevada , Utah , Colorado , Arizona , Wyoming and New Mexico . The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states , located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States , the Confederate States Army , led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of
24882-412: The statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction, and control of the secretary of defense . The chief of staff of the Army , who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , a body composed of
25056-612: The stories for. In a review, Billboard said of Pat and the Pixies that it was a "sensitive" and "warm" adaptation of an Irish folk tale, but that Bartell's following from Playtime for Children was not big enough to expect large-scale sales of the record. In addition Bartell appeared on television in the program Playtime with Jerry , a 15-minute show that was syndicated to stations such as KTVI-TV Channel 2 in St. Louis, which broadcast it on Saturday mornings during 1957–58. The Bartell family expanded to radio stations beyond Milwaukee. The full list of radio stations included: Some of
25230-412: The suburban University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics , and the Department of Psychiatry & Clinics in the West Side research park. The University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum , a demonstration area for native ecosystems, is located on the west side of Madison. The main campus includes many buildings designed or supervised by architects J.T.W. Jennings and Arthur Peabody . The hub of campus life
25404-400: The takeover of South Korea by North Korea and later to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army 's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in July 1953. The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel ,
25578-463: The theater for the joint force, and to integrate national, multinational, and joint power on land. The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain , with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As
25752-417: The total number of active divisions had dropped from 89 to 12. The leaders of the Army saw this demobilization as a success. In the Pacific War , U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy
25926-676: The two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947. In 1948, the army was desegregated by order 9981 of President Harry S. Truman . The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War . With the outbreak of the Korean War , concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII , were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and U.S. strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium ,
26100-414: The two oldest surviving buildings on campus. Designed by John F. Rague in a Federal style , the oldest structure in the university, North Hall (built in 1851), was planned to be similar to the dormitories at the University of Michigan . It is still in use as the home of the Department of Political Science. Its opposite twin, South Hall (built in 1855), originally served as the women's dormitory prior to
26274-431: The university also maintains graduate and professional schools in environmental studies , law, library and information studies , medicine and public health (School of Medicine and Public Health) , public affairs , and veterinary medicine . The four year, full-time undergraduate instructional program is classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as "arts and science plus professions" with
26448-605: The university and appoints the chancellor . Jennifer Mnookin , former dean of the UCLA School of Law , has served as the chancellor of UW–Madison since 2022. The University of Wisconsin–Madison, the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System , is a large, four-year research university comprising twenty associated colleges and schools. In addition to undergraduate and graduate divisions in agriculture and life sciences, business, education, engineering, human ecology , journalism and mass communication , letters and science, music, nursing , pharmacy , and social welfare ,
26622-423: The university's first professor (mathematics), the first class of 17 students met at Madison Female Academy on February 5, 1849. A permanent campus site was soon selected: an area of 50 acres (20.2 ha) "bounded north by Fourth lake, east by a street to be opened at right angles with King street", [later State Street] "south by Mineral Point Road (University Avenue), and west by a carriage-way from said road to
26796-452: The unpopularity of the war with the U.S. public and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by U.S. political leaders. While U.S. forces had been stationed in South Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence and advising/training roles, they were not deployed in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident . U.S. forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, but they struggled to counter
26970-522: The use of customized singing commercials on local radio. Bartell stations also established a "hot clock" where predetermined pieces of programming would happen at certain times in each hour. The personality of the disc jockey was important; the New York Times described the Bartell formula as being "built around the folksy disk-jockey whose musical offerings were interrupted hourly with brief, cacophonous outbursts of news." In continuing on this pathway, WAPL radio made its on-air debut in 1952 operating on
27144-417: The world in size. General George C. Marshall became Army chief of staff in September 1939 and set about expanding and modernizing the Army in preparation for war. The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Some 11 million Americans were to serve in various Army operations. On the European front , U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of
27318-429: Was "a talented student with natural ability for acting and producing." After graduating in 1937 with a B.A. in economics, he remained a staff member there as he entered graduate school, gaining a master's degree in 1939. During his time in school he also sometimes worked in Chicago as an actor in network radio soap operas. He also barked like a canine in a commercial for Red Heart dog food. Gerald subsequently became part of
27492-401: Was a confusing situation where a Bartell owned a radio station but no Bartells owned the radio stations under the Bartell Media Corporation name. By 1978 the latter was known as Downe Broadcasting and the last vestiges of the Bartell name were gone. Lee Bartell sold KMJC in 1989. He died in San Diego in 1991 at age 81. Gerald Bartell remained active in the arts, including areas that reflected on
27666-439: Was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involved treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army , the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. General Abrams' intertwining of the three components of the army effectively made extended operations impossible without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and Army Reserve in
27840-438: Was also the show's producer, collecting many of the elements that went in it. The program became popular with children, and in 1948 Billboard magazine named it the best children's program in the nation from a radio station in the 250– to 1,000-watt range. The magazine said that "Jerry Bartell, headman of the program, showed a deft touch in his handling of perhaps the most difficult type of children's show, one which all too often
28014-662: Was at first very small and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, where more than 800 soldiers were killed, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States , established in 1791 and renamed the United States Army in 1796. In 1798, during the Quasi-War with France, the U.S. Congress established a three-year " Provisional Army " of 10,000 men, consisting of twelve regiments of infantry and six troops of light dragoons . In March 1799, Congress created an "Eventual Army" of 30,000 men, including three regiments of cavalry . Both "armies" existed only on paper, but equipment for 3,000 men and horses
28188-441: Was attached to the headquarters command of General Douglas MacArthur . Following the formal Japanese surrender that concluded the war, Bartell was part of the occupation of Japan . Bartell was put in charge of the takeover of JOAK , Tokyo's 50,000-watt radio station that had featured the broadcasts of Tokyo Rose . The station, which renamed itself as WVTR, was the first Armed Forces Radio station on air in Japan, signing-on with
28362-421: Was chartered to control patenting and patent income on UW–Madison inventions. The UW Graduate School had been separated in 1904-1905. In 1909, William Purdy and Paul Beck wrote On, Wisconsin , the UW–Madison athletic fight song. Radio station 9XM, the oldest continually operating radio station in the United States, was founded on campus in 1919 (now WHA (970 AM). The Memorial Union opened in 1928, and
28536-422: Was chief engineer. The programming also included "Playtime for Children", a program narrated and sung by Gerald Bartell. These were recorded on tape and sent to a variety of radio stations around the state, including even other stations in Milwaukee such as WIBA . The program was aimed at pre-school children and those in nursery schools and kindergarten. Rosa appeared on that program as the "Lullaby Lady" and she
28710-427: Was designed by architects Warren Laird and Paul Cret and constructed between 1903 and 1961. The mall contains buildings that represent Neoclassical, Beaux-Arts, Italian Renaissance Revival , and Modern Movement styles of architecture. Laird and Cret were hired to draw up a master plan for future construction at the campus, with the idea of creating a more unified and aesthetically pleasing area. The departments around
28884-405: Was designed to be "riot-proof". Its seven floors house the history, art, and music departments. The most recent campus master plan calls for it to be demolished and replaced with two other buildings, in part because of water damage. The University of Wisconsin–Madison has two student unions . The older, Memorial Union , was built in 1928 to honor American World War I veterans . Also known as
29058-456: Was founded by Lee, David, Gerald, and Rosa Bartell Evans and began operations on August 31, 1947. Its studio was located on Milwaukee's South Side . The Milwaukee market's fifth radio station, WEXT did fairly well with a broadcast schedule that included popular music and ethnic programming, including a polka music show hosted by local radio legend John Reddy. Officially, Gerald was listed as station president, Rosa as program director, and Ralph
29232-518: Was known for much of that time as the "Mighty 92". The Top 40 radio format was coming into being during the 1950s and on; Northern Michigan University scholar Charles F. Ganzert has written that the innovation of the Top 40 format helped keep radio a viable business after the advent of the television era. The format was not developed all in one place or at one time, and other contributors during this time including Todd Storz and Gordon McLendon as well as Plough Broadcasting , but Ganzert states that
29406-436: Was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century. The U.S. Army fought and won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), which was a defining event for both countries. The U.S. victory resulted in acquisition of territory that eventually became all or parts of
29580-528: Was procured and stored. The War of 1812 , the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. The U.S. Army did not conquer Canada but it did destroy Native American resistance to expansion in the Old Northwest and stopped two major British invasions in 1814 and 1815. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U.S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh , which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U.S. victories in
29754-439: Was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, except a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point 's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans , it was soon considered necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army
29928-456: Was ranked 102nd in the world. The 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed UW–Madison 63rd worldwide, based primarily on surveys administered to students, faculty, and recruiters. For 2023, UW–Madison was ranked 63rd by U.S. News & World Report among global universities. In 2023, UW–Madison was ranked 28th globally by the Center for World University Rankings , which relies on outcome-based samplings, coupled with
30102-403: Was run. By 1966, the station was all Spanish. Melvin said in general of the siblings' radio station approach: "It is for the whole family, with music for the family. The concept of the Bartell Group is something of interest for everybody, of music, features, news and editorials." Until 1960, Bartell Broadcasting Corporation was privately owned. In that year, it became a public company, listed on
30276-407: Was termed by Billboard magazine to be "one of the most successful chains of radio stations in the industry." In time, pop music became the primary component of WOKY's schedule, with disc jockeys choosing the songs they played based on the Billboard and Cash Box best-seller charts and on local record sales. WOKY served as the city's premier hits-playing station during most of the 1960s and
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