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18-495: Many, see text Basileuterus is a genus of New World warblers , best represented in Central and South America . This is one of only two warbler genera that are well represented in the latter continent. Some species formerly considered in this genus are now placed in the genus Myiothlypis . It is likely that the ancestors of this genus colonised South America from the family's heartland in northern Central America even before

36-490: A "type genus". The 2008 Revision of the Bacteriological Code states, "The nomenclatural type […] of a taxon above genus, up to and including order, is the legitimate name of the included genus on whose name the name of the relevant taxon is based. One taxon of each category must include the type genus. The names of the taxa which include the type genus must be formed by the addition of the appropriate suffix to

54-461: A family-group name is also the genus that provided the stem to which was added the ending -idae (for families). In botanical nomenclature , the phrase "type genus" is used, unofficially, as a term of convenience. In the ICN this phrase has no status. The code uses type specimens for ranks up to family, and types are optional for higher ranks. The Code does not refer to the genus containing that type as

72-406: Is found. From there, they spread north during the interglacial periods, mainly as migrants , returning to the ancestral region in winter. Two genera, Myioborus and Basileuterus , seem to have colonized South America early, perhaps before the two continents were linked, and together constitute most warbler species of that region. The scientific name for the family, Parulidae, originates from

90-481: The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , "The name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon is a nominal genus called the 'type genus'; the family-group name is based upon that of the type genus." Any family-group name must have a type genus (and any genus-group name must have a type species , but any species-group name may, but need not, have one or more type specimens). The type genus for

108-465: The New World . The family contains 120 species. They are not closely related to Old World warblers or Australian warblers . Most are arboreal , but some, like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes , are primarily terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores . This group likely originated in northern Central America , where the greatest number of species and diversity between them

126-668: The 29 species then placed in the genus Dendroica , also included four species of Parula , one of the three species of Wilsonia and the monotypic genera Catharopeza and Setophaga . All members of the clade apart from the basal Catharopeza were placed in the expanded genus Setophaga Swainson , 1827, which under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , had priority over Dendroica Gray , 1842, Wilsonia Bonaparte , 1838, and Parula Bonaparte, 1838. The species that had traditionally been placed in Basileuterus formed two clades. One group retains

144-510: The Parulidae have been moved to other families: All the warblers are fairly small. The smallest species is Lucy's warbler ( Oreothlypis luciae ), with a weight of around 6.5 g (0.23 oz) and an average length of 10.6 cm (4.2 in). The Parkesia waterthrushes, the ovenbird, the russet-crowned warbler , and Semper's warbler , all of which can exceed 15 cm (5.9 in) and 21 g (0.74 oz), may be considered

162-466: The Parulidae published in 2010 found that the species formed several major clades that did not align with the traditional genera. This led to a major reorganization of the species within the family to create monotypic genera. The changes have generally followed the recommendations of the authors of the study except in a few cases where the proposed genera were split to separate basal species from their proposed conspecifics. A large clade that included

180-501: The breeding habits are known all build a domed nest on a bank or on the ground, so this is presumably typical of the genus as a whole. Formerly, the two members of the genus Phaeothlypis were sometimes included in Basileuterus . New World warbler Mniotiltidae The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds that make up the family Parulidae and are restricted to

198-428: The breeding season, since males need to reclaim territory and advertise for mates each year. This tendency is particularly marked in the large genus Setophaga (formerly Dendroica ). In contrast, resident tropical species, which pair for life, show little if any sexual dimorphism , but exceptions occur. The Parkesia waterthrushes and ovenbird are strongly migratory, but have identical male and female plumage, whereas

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216-909: The fact that Linnaeus in 1758 named the northern parula as a tit , Parus americanus , and as taxonomy developed, the genus name was modified first to Parulus and then to Parula . The family name derives from the name for the genus. Seiurus – ovenbird Helmitheros – worm-eating warbler Parkesia – 2 species – waterthrushes Vermivora – 3 species Mniotilta – black-and-white warbler Limnothlypis – Swainson's warbler Protonotaria – prothonotary warbler Leiothlypis – 6 species Oreothlypis – 2 species Geothlypis – 15 species – yellowthroats Leucopeza – Semper's warbler Oporornis – Connecticut warbler Catharopeza – whistling warbler Setophaga – 36 species Myiothlypis – 18 species Basileuterus – 12 species Cardellina – 5 species Myioborus – 12 species – whitestarts The family Parulidae

234-588: The family Teretistridae and the 109 species in the family Icteridae . However, more recent studies recover them as sister to a clade containing just the yellow-breasted chat and the Icteridae, with the clade containing all three families being sister to a clade containing the chat-tanagers in Calyptophilidae , the wrenthrush, and the Phaenicophilidae . A molecular phylogenetic study of

252-604: The genus name as it includes the golden-crowned warbler , the type species for the genus. The other larger group, now with 18 species, is placed in the resurrected genus Myiothlypis Cabanis , 1850, as it contains the type species, the black-crested warbler . The genus Myioborus containing the whitestarts remained unchanged after the reorganization but six genera were no longer used: Dendroica , Ergaticus , Euthlypis , Parula , Wilsonia and Phaeothlypis . The family Parulidae now contains 120 species divided into 18 genera. Some species that were previously placed in

270-506: The largest. The migratory species tend to lay larger clutches of eggs, typically up to six, since the hazards of their journeys mean that many individuals will have only one chance to breed. In contrast, the laying of two eggs is typical for many tropical species, since the chicks can be provided with better care, and the adults are likely to have further opportunities for reproduction. Many migratory species, particularly those which breed further north, have distinctive male plumage at least in

288-704: The mainly tropical and sedentary yellowthroats are dimorphic. The Granatellus chats also show sexual dimorphism, but due to recent genetic work, have been moved into the family Cardinalidae (New World buntings and cardinals). The name warbler is a misnomer for the New World group of warblers established before the family was split from the Old World warbler in the 1830s. The Random House Dictionary defines "to warble" as "to sing with trills." Most New World warblers do not warble, but rather "lisp, buzz, hiss, chip, rollick, or zip." Type genus According to

306-449: The two continents were linked, and subsequent speciation provided most of the resident warbler species of that region. These are mainly robust warblers with a stout bill. The majority of species have olive or grey upperparts and yellow underparts. The head is often strikingly marked with a long broad supercilium, a coloured crown or crown stripes, and often other striking head markings. Many species are not well-studied, but those for which

324-423: Was introduced for the New World warblers in 1947 by American ornithologist Alexander Wetmore and collaborators with Parula as the type genus . Parula is now considered as a junior synonym of Setophaga . The family was formerly thought to be sister to a clade containing the yellow-breasted chat in its own family Icteriidae, the wrenthrush in its own family Zeledoniidae, the two Cuban warblers in

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