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71-614: In unaccompanied solo performance, basslines may simply be played in the lower register of any instrument while melody and/or further accompaniment is provided in the middle or upper register. In solo music for piano and pipe organ, these instruments have an excellent lower register that can be used to play a deep bassline. On organs, the bass line is typically played using the pedal keyboard and massive 16' and 32' bass pipes. Basslines in popular music often use "riffs" or " grooves ", which are usually simple, appealing musical motifs or phrases that are repeated, with variation, throughout

142-415: A bluegrass tune in which the bassline consists of low-pitched quarter notes played on the double bass on the root and fifth of each chord on beats one and three (of a 4/4 tune), a bass run may consist of a walking bass line played for several bars. In a psychobilly band, a bass solo will often consist of a virtuosic display of triple and quadruple slaps, creating a percussive, drum solo-like sound. In

213-404: A double bass player. The bassline uses low notes that provide a rhythm while simultaneously setting out the foundation of the chord progression . The bassline bridges the gap between the rhythmic part played by the drummer and the melodic lines played by the lead guitarist and the chordal parts played by the rhythm guitarist and/or keyboard player. In most traditional and popular music styles,

284-436: A double bass ) or instruments (in the case of a marching band) and the bassline are given the forefront. The bass part for a bass run often differs from the usual bass accompaniment style, in terms of the register, timbre , or melodic style that is used, or the number of notes per beat which are played. A bass run may be composed by the performer or by an arranger prior to a performance, or it may be improvised onstage by

355-408: A heavy metal song where the bassist was ordinarily playing low notes without overdrive to accompany, for a solo, they may turn on a fuzz bass pedal and use a wah pedal to create a more pronounced tone (an approach used by Cliff Burton ), and then play an upper register riff or scale run. Some shred guitar -style bassists may do two-handed tapping during a bass solo (e.g., Billy Sheehan ). In

426-432: A marching band , a bass run may consist of a several bar unaccompanied passage composed for the tubas and sousaphones which displays either rapid passages of notes or higher-register techniques. In New Orleans jazz, the tuba may provide a walking bass line similar to that of the double bass. Register (music) A register is the range within pitch space of some music or often musical speech. It may describe

497-417: A pop song in which the bassline consists of notes plucked on the electric bass, a bass run may consist of several bars of percussive slapping and popping . Bass solos and guitar solos are rare in pop. In the rare cases that instrumental solos occur in pop, they are often played by synthesizer or, in some bands, by saxophone . In a EDM , house , dubstep , grime , and related genres , synthesiser bass

568-412: A rock song in which the bassline consists of low-pitched quarter notes played on the electric bass, a bass run may consist of a rapid sequence of sixteenth notes in a higher register, or of a melodic riff played in a higher register. In some cases, the bassist will select a "brighter"-sounding pickup or increase the treble response of the instrument for a bass run, so that it will be easier to hear. In

639-458: A " walking bass line". In Latin , salsa music , jazz fusion , reggae , electronica , and some types of rock and metal , basslines may be very rhythmically complex and syncopated . In bluegrass and traditional country music, basslines often emphasize the root and fifth of each chord. Though basslines may be played by many different types of instruments and in a broad musical range , they are generally played on bass instruments and in

710-475: A "four feel"). Walking basslines use a mixture of scale tones, arpeggios , chromatic runs, and passing tones to outline the chord progression of a song or tune, often with a melodic shape that alternately rises and falls in pitch over several bars. To add variety to a walking bassline, bassists periodically interpolate various fills, such as playing scale or arpeggio fragments in swung eighth notes, plucking muted percussive grace notes (either one grace note or

781-409: A "higher" pitch. For example, violins may be said to be in a "higher" register than cellos . This is often denoted concisely using subscripted numerals in scientific pitch notation . The register in which an instrument plays, or in which a part is written, affects the quality of sound, or its timbre. Register is also used structurally in musical form, with the climax of a piece usually being in

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852-407: A "raked" sequence of two or three grace notes), or holding notes for two, three, or four beats. Some songs lend themselves to another type of variation: the pedal point , in which the bassist holds or repeats a single note (often the tonic or the dominant) under the chord changes. Walking basslines are usually performed on the double bass or the electric bass , but they can also be performed using

923-691: A 2016 profile on the genre's rise in Denver's music scene, Dylan Owens of The Denver Post writes, "As with all fledgling genres, little about electro-soul is defined — even what to call it. (Of the eight artists interviewed for this article, none agreed on any one name.) But what does seem sure is its rise, especially locally. If Denver can be known as the musical torchbearer of any genre, it's electro-soul's half-live, half-produced swirl of hip-hop, soul, funk and jazz." " No Self Control " by Peter Gabriel , taken from his 1980 self-titled album , has been described as electro-soul, fused with art rock . Although

994-422: A cello and a double bass are used to play the bassline. In a Baroque era ( c.  1600 –1750) piece accompanied by basso continuo , the accompanying musicians would include a chordal instrument (e.g., harpsichord , pipe organ or lute ) and a number of bass instruments might perform the same bassline, such as the cello, viol , double bass, theorbo , serpent (an early wind instrument), and, if an organist

1065-439: A common problem with the amplified double bass. By the 1970s and 1980s, the electric bass was used in most rock bands and jazz fusion groups. The double bass was still used in some types of popular music that recreated styles from the 1940s and 1950s such as jazz (especially swing and bebop ), traditional 1950s blues , jump blues , country , and rockabilly . In some popular music bands, keyboard instruments are used to play

1136-788: A deadpan manner, often through electronic distortion such as vocoding and talkboxing . It palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie by being less vocal-oriented and more focused on electronic beats produced by drum machines. Following the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and early hip hop with principal influences from New York boogie, and German and Japanese electronic pop music. The genre emerged with musicians Arthur Baker , Afrika Bambaataa , Warp 9 , and Hashim . Seminal electro tracks included " Planet Rock " (1982) and " Nunk " (1982), both featuring its characteristic TR-808 drum beats. The early 1980s were electro's mainstream peak. By

1207-626: A fusion of different styles, including funk , boogie combined with German and Japanese technopop , in addition to influences from the futurism of Alvin Toffler , martial arts films , and video game music . The genre's immediate forebears included Kraftwerk and Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO). In 1980, YMO was the first band to utilize the TR-808 programmable drum machine. That same year, YMO member Ryuichi Sakamoto released "Riot in Lagos", which

1278-409: A given pitch or pitch class (or set of them), a human voice or musical instrument (or group of them), or both, as in a melody or part . It is also often related to timbre and musical form . In musical compositions , it may be fixed or "frozen". Register is often understood in relation to other elements of music , sometimes called parameters. A "higher" register may be said to indicate

1349-415: A live drummer. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the various uses of the term. The Roland TR-808 drum machine was released in 1980, defining early electro with its immediately recognizable sound. Staccato, percussive drumbeats tended to dominate electro, almost exclusively provided by the TR-808. As an inexpensive way of producing a drum sound, the TR-808 caught on quickly with

1420-683: A pre- Def Jam Russell Simmons produced Bruce Haack 's proto hip-hop single "Party Machine" at a studio in Philadelphia. Electro hip hop releases in 1982 include songs by: Planet Patrol , Warp 9 , Man Parrish , George Clinton ( Computer Games ), Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five , Tyrone Brunson , The Jonzun Crew and Whodini . In 1983, Hashim created the influential electro funk tune " Al-Naafiysh (The Soul) " which became Cutting Record's first release in November 1983. At

1491-421: A scalar walking bass style, a bass run may consist of a bar of swung eighth notes played using a percussive slap bass style, in which the right hand strikes the strings against the fingerboard. In a swing tune in which the bassline consists of low-pitched quarter notes played on the double bass in a scalar walking bass style, a bass run may consist of a descending chromatic scale played in a higher register. In

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1562-450: A science-fiction revival.". Most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder . Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content, as in the iconic Planet Rock and the automatous chant in the chorus of Nunk by Warp 9 . Although primarily instrumental, early electro utilized rap. Male rap dominated the genre, however female rappers are an integral part of

1633-438: A simpler bassline. The timpani (or kettledrums) also play a role in orchestral basslines, albeit confined in 17th and early 18th century works to a few notes, often the tonic and the dominant below it. In a small number of symphonies, the pipe organ is used to play basslines. In chamber music , the bassline is played by the cello in string quartets and the bassoon in wind chamber music. In some larger chamber music works, both

1704-429: A six-piece Melbourne based electro/rock/reggae group was formed. The genre enjoyed a resurgence starting in 2016, with DJs like Helena Hauff and DJ Stingray gaining more popularity and festivals like Dekmantel featuring it prominently on their lineups. Labels like Cultivated Electronics, CPU, Mars Frequency Records, Furatena, brokntoys and Mechatronica are currently pushing a new trove of artists which has introduced

1775-458: Is a genre which developed in Nordic countries such as Sweden and Finland , hence its first name "Scandinavian Funk". The outlets and artists of Skweee are still mostly limited to the Nordic countries. Starting in the late 1990s, the term "electro" is also used to refer two other fusion genres of electro, either blended with techno and new wave in electroclash . In 2006, Direct Influence ,

1846-633: Is known for exploration of science fiction and aquatic themes. Electro music inspired by the electro revival in the UK during the mid 90's is often cited as neo electro, however it is simply a term and not a genre. In the early 1980s, Detroit techno DJ Eddie Fowlkes shaped a related style called electro-soul, which was characterized by a predominant bass line and a chopped up electro breakbeat contrasted with soulful male vocals. Kurtis Mantronik 's electro-soul productions for Joyce Sims presaged new jack swing 's combination of hip hop and soul elements. In

1917-458: Is notated an octave higher than it sounds, when cellos and basses play the same bassline, the line is performed in octaves, with the basses an octave below the cellos. By the end of the Classical period, with Beethoven's symphonies, cellos and double basses were often given separate parts. In general, the more complex passages and rapid note sequences are given to the cellos, while the basses play

1988-454: Is regarded as an early example of electro music, and is credited for having anticipated the beats and sounds of electro. The song's influence can be seen in the work of later pioneering electro artists such as Afrika Bambaataa and Mantronix . Electro experienced a watershed year in 1982. Bronx based producer Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal track " Planet Rock ", which contained elements of Kraftwerk's " Trans-Europe Express " (from

2059-401: Is used (along with kickdrums ). In a funk song in which the bassline already consists of percussive slapping and popping, a bass run may consist of a virtuosic display of rapid slapping and popping techniques combined with techniques such as glissando, note-bending, and harmonics. In a jump blues tune in which the bassline consists of low-pitched quarter notes played on the double bass in

2130-659: The Great Eighteen Chorale Preludes ): [REDACTED] Other walking bass lines can be heard in the opening movements of Joseph Haydn 's Symphony No. 22 (nicknamed "The Philosopher"), Anton Bruckner 's Symphony No. 5 and Edward Elgar 's Symphony No. 1 . Walking bass often alternates quarter notes: giving rise to the term. Many boogie-woogie basslines are walking bass lines: [REDACTED] Walking bass often moves in stepwise (scalar) motion to successive chord roots , such as often in country music : [REDACTED] In this example,

2201-633: The Latin Freestyle (or simply "Freestyle") movement, along with Lotti Golden and Richard Scher (the producer/writers of Warp 9 ) fusing electro, funk, and hip hop with elements of Latin music. By the late 1980s, the genre evolved into what is known today as new school hip hop . The release of Run DMC 's It's Like That (1983) marked a stylistic shift, focusing down on the beats in a stark, metal minimalism. Rock samples replaced synthesizers that had figured so prominently in electro, and rap styles and techniques evolved in tandem, anchoring rap to

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2272-570: The Minimoog and the Roland TB-303 , or virtual , such as Sytrus and ZynAddSubFX . In hip-hop , producer Rick Rubin popularized the technique of creating basslines by lengthening the bass drum decay of the TR-808 drum machine and tuning it to different pitches. Chinese orchestras use the zhōng ruǎn (中阮) and dà ruǎn (大阮) for creating basslines. Other, less common bass instruments are

2343-427: The album of the same name ) and "Numbers" (from Kraftwerk's 1981 Computer World album) combined with the use of distinctive TR-808 beats. "Planet Rock" is widely regarded as a turning point in the electro genre, "like a light being switched on." Another groundbreaking record released that year, Nunk by Warp 9 utilized "imagery drawn from computer games and hip hop slanguage." Although remaining unreleased,

2414-600: The 70s (and as early as the late 60s in Miles Davis’s case). Gary Numan. Man he was dope. So important to us. When we heard that single, "Are Friends Electric?" it was like the aliens had landed in the Bronx. We were just throwing shapes to this tune, man. More than Kraftwerk. Numan was the inspiration. He's a hero. Without him, there'd be no electro. Following the decline of disco music in the late 1970s, various funk artists such as Zapp began experimenting with talk boxes and

2485-517: The acknowledged forefathers of pure electro, plus British futurist acts like the Human League and Gary Numan , but also with a number of pioneering black musicians. Major artists like Miles Davis , Sly Stone , Herbie Hancock , Stevie Wonder , legendary producer Norman Whitfield and, of course, George Clinton and his P Funk brigade, would all play their part in shaping this new sound via their innovative use of electronic instruments during

2556-413: The air column, with higher registers produced by overblowing . The timbres of different woodwind instrument registers tend to be markedly different. The Western concert flute plays approximately three and a half octaves and generally has three complete registers and one partial register. The musical note C4 (corresponding to middle C on the piano) would be in that instrument's first register, whereas

2627-577: The bass line. In organ trios , for example, a Hammond organ player performs the basslines using the organ's pedal keyboard . In some types of popular music, such as hip-hop or house music , the bass lines are played using bass synthesizers , sequencers, or electro-acoustically modeled samples of basslines. Basslines are important in many forms of dance and electronic music , such as electro , drum and bass , dubstep , and most forms of house and trance . In these genres, basslines are almost always performed on synthesizers , either physical, such as

2698-409: The bass player is expected to be able to improvise a bassline which they base in the chord progression of a song. When a bassist is playing a cover song , they may play the bassline that was originally used on the recording. A session bassist playing in a music studio is expected to be able to read a bassline written in musical notation . Bass players also perform fills in between the phrases of

2769-401: The basslines are played by the double basses and cellos in the string section , by bassoons , contrabassoons , and bass clarinets in the woodwinds and by bass trombones , tubas and a variety of other low brass instruments. In symphonies from the Classical period, a single bassline was often written for the cellos and basses; however, since the bass is a transposing instrument , and it

2840-416: The changing hip hop culture. Baker, Pettibone, Golden and Scher enjoyed robust careers well into the house era, eluding the "genre trap" to successfully produce mainstream artists. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, Detroit Techno musicians James Stinson and Gerald Donald released numerous EPs, singles and albums of conceptual electro music under several different aliases. Their main project, Drexciya

2911-491: The defining characteristics of the electro sound was the use of drum machines , particularly the Roland TR-808 , as the rhythmic basis of the track. As the genre evolved, computers and sampling replaced drum machines in electronic music, and are now used by the majority of electro producers. It is important to note, that although the electro of the 1980s and contemporary electro ( electronic dance music ) both grew out of

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2982-483: The disco electro of Clone Records, to the old school b-boy styles of Breakin’ Records and Dominance Electricity, to the electrofunk of Citinite, and to harder more modern styles of electro of labels like Bass Frequency Productions and Nu Illusion Music. New branches of electro have risen over the last couple of years. Florida has pioneered the "Electrocore" sound, started in the late 1990s by artists like Jackal and Hyde and Dynamix II and carried on to this day. Skweee

3053-409: The dissolution of disco, they are now different genres. Classic (1980s) electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats with a syncopated kick drum, and usually a snare or clap accenting the backbeat. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats (or breaks) is that electro tends to be more mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel, like that of

3124-608: The early 1980s were electro's heyday in the mainstream, it enjoyed renewed popularity in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke . The genre has made yet another comeback for a third wave of popularity in 2007. The continued interest in electro, though influenced to a great degree by Florida, Detroit, Miami, Los Angeles and New York styles, has primarily taken hold in Florida and Europe with electro club nights becoming commonplace again. The scene still manages to support hundreds of electro labels, from

3195-553: The electro sound. A number of popular songs in the early 1980s employed the TR-808, including Marvin Gaye's “Sexual Healing,” Cybotron's “Clear,” and Afrika Bambaataa's “Planet Rock.” The Roland TR-808 has attained iconic status, eventually being used on more hits than any other drum machine. Through the use of samples, the Roland TR-808 remains popular in electro and other genres to the present day. Other electro instrumentation

3266-499: The electro tradition, whether featured in a group as in Warp 9 or as solo performers like Roxanne Shante . The lyrical style that emerged along with electro became less popular by the 1990s, as rapping continued to evolve, becoming the domain of hip hop music . About electro origins: It was all about stretching the boundaries that had begun to stifle black music, and its influences lay not only with German technopop wizards Kraftwerk ,

3337-495: The examples above, from C to F and back in the second, and from root to seventh and back in the first. In bebop jazz, the walking bass has a stabilising effect, offsetting and providing a foil to the complexity of the improvised melodic lines, for example in Sonny Rollins ’ “Blue Seven” . A bass run (or "bass break") is a short instrumental break or fill in which the bass instrument (such as an electric bass or

3408-435: The fifth note), which helps to define a song's key. Basslines align or syncopate with the drums. Other rhythm instruments join in to create a more interesting rhythmic variations. The type of rhythmic pulse used in basslines varies widely in different types of music. In swing jazz and jump blues , basslines are often created from a continuous sequence of quarter notes in a mostly scalar, stepwise or arpeggio-based part called

3479-428: The highest register of that piece. Some modernist and especially twelve-tone or serial pieces have fixed register (sometimes called frozen register ), allowing a pitch class to be expressed through only one pitch. This technique is often associated with or attributed to Anton Webern , and it later appears in the music of Arthur Berger , Pierre Boulez , Elliott Carter , and Karlheinz Stockhausen . A "register" of

3550-414: The hit single " Rockit ". Bambaataa and groups like Planet Patrol , Jonzun Crew , Mantronix, Newcleus , Warp 9 and Juan Atkins ' Detroit -based group Cybotron went on to influence the genres of Detroit techno , ghettotech , breakbeat , drum and bass and electroclash . Early producers in the electro genre (notably Arthur Baker , John Robie and Shep Pettibone ) later featured prominently in

3621-446: The human voice, including the following: Speech pathologists and many vocal pedagogues recognize four vocal registers: the vocal fry , modal , falsetto , and whistle . To delineate these registers, pathologists specify vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, sequential pitches, and type of sound. In the context of wind instruments , the word register usually distinguishes pitch ranges produced using different normal modes of

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3692-420: The human voice, such as whistle register , is a series of tones of like quality originating through operation of the larynx . The constituent tones result from similar patterns of vibration in the vocal folds , which can generate several different such patterns, each resulting in characteristic sounds within a particular range of pitches. The term has wide application and can refer to any of several aspects of

3763-415: The last two quarter notes of the second measure, D and E, "walk" up from the first quarter note in that measure, C, to the first note of the third measure, F (C and F are the roots of the chords in the first through second and third through fourth measures, respectively). In both cases, "walking" refers both to the steady duple rhythm (one step after the other) and to the strong directional motion created; in

3834-460: The low register of a piano , Hammond organ , tuba or other instruments. They can also be sung, as is done by some a capella vocal groups. While walking bass lines are most commonly associated with jazz and blues, they are also used in rock , rockabilly , ska , R&B , gospel , Latin , country , and many other genres. Walking bass in the pedal keyboard part of Baroque organ music (J.S. Bach's Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland , BWV 659, from

3905-545: The lyrics and/or music. Electro hip hop group Warp 9 's 1983 single, Light Years Away , produced and written by Lotti Golden and Richard Scher, exemplifies the Sci-Fi , afrofuturist aspect of electro, reflected in both the lyrics and instrumentation. The imagery of its lyrical refrain space is the place for the human race pays homage to Sun Ra 's 1974 film of the same name , while its synth lines and sound effects are informed by sci-fi, computer games, and cartoons,"born of

3976-416: The lā ruǎn (拉阮), dī yīn gé hú (低音革胡), and da dī hú (大低胡) developed during the 1930s. Russian balalaika orchestra use bass balalaika and contrabass balalaika. Australia's indigenous music and some World music that is influenced by Australian music uses didjeridus for basslines. In classical music , the bassline is always written out for the performers in musical notation . In orchestral repertoire,

4047-415: The mid-1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, exemplified by Run DMC . Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke . A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007. Electro has branched out into subgenres, including electrocore and skweee . From its inception, one of

4118-505: The other parts in their original essence. Thomas Campion 1967:327 A walking bass is a style of bass accompaniment or line, common in Baroque music (1600–1750) and 20th century jazz , blues and rockabilly , which creates a feeling of regular quarter note movement, akin to the regular alternation of feet while walking . Walking basslines generally consist of unsyncopated notes of equal value, usually quarter notes (known in jazz as

4189-403: The other parts, since one builds them upon it. [The bass part is] the foundation of harmony. In many genres of modern traditional music (ranging from folk rock to blues) and popular music (ranging from rock and pop to reggae to funk), the bassline is generally played by an electric bass player. In rockabilly , psychobilly , traditional blues and bluegrass music , the bassline is played by

4260-515: The performer using scales, arpeggios, and standard licks and riffs . In some cases, a bass run may incorporate a display of virtuoso techniques such as rapid passages or high notes. During a bass run, the main vocal or melody line usually stops, and in some cases, the percussion or drums may also stop. The technique originated in the marches of the " Sousa school", though its resemblance to call and response techniques familiar to African American musicians indicates an earlier origin. In

4331-425: The producers of early electro because of the ability of its bass drum to generate extreme low-frequencies. This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs (like NYC's Funhouse), where the bass drum sound was essential for a record's success. Its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to

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4402-405: The range roughly at least an octave and a half below middle C (roughly the range of the bass clef ). In classical music such as string quartets and symphonies, basslines play the same harmonic and rhythmic role; however, they are usually referred to as the "bass voice" or the "bass part". Most popular musical ensembles include an instrument capable of playing bass notes. In the 1890s, a tuba

4473-437: The second register — where overblowing is needed — begins at E5. On the clarinet , the notes from ( written ) G4 or A4 to B ♭ 4 sometimes are regarded as a separate "throat register", even though both they and the notes from F ♯ 4 down are produced using the instrument's lowest normal mode. The timbre of the throat notes differs, and the throat register's fingerings also are distinctive, using special keys and not

4544-399: The song. "The bass differs from other voices because of the particular role it plays in supporting and defining harmonic motion. It does so at levels ranging from immediate, chord-by-chord events to the larger harmonic organization of a [ sic ] entire work." Bassline riffs usually (but not always) emphasize the chord tones of each chord (usually the root note, the third note, or

4615-416: The standard tone holes used for other notes. Electro (music) Electro (or electro-funk ) is a genre of electronic dance music directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines , with an immediate origin in early hip hop and funk genres. Records in the genre typically feature heavy electronic sounds, usually without vocals; if vocals are present, they are delivered in

4686-463: The time Hashim was influenced by Man Parrish 's " Hip Hop, Be Bop ", Thomas Dolby 's " She Blinded Me With Science " and Afrika Bambaataa's "Planet Rock". "Al-Nafyish" was later included in Playgroup 's compilation album Kings of Electro (2007), alongside other electro classics such as Sakamoto's "Riot in Lagos". Also in 1983, Herbie Hancock , in collaboration with Grand Mixer D.ST , released

4757-588: The use of heavier, more distinctive beats. Boogie played a role during the formative years of electro, notably "Feels Good" by Electra ( Emergency – EMDS-6527), the post-disco production " You're the One for Me " by D. Train (Prelude – PRL D 621), and the Eric Matthew / Darryl Payne productions " Thanks to You " by Sinnamon (Becket – BKD 508), and "On A Journey (I Sing The Funk Electric)" by Electrik Funk (Prelude – PRL D 541). Electro eventually emerged as

4828-474: The vocal melody, and they may also perform bass runs or bass breaks, which are short solo sections. Rhythmic variations by the bass, such as the introduction of a syncopated figure can dramatically change the feel of a song, even for a simple groove. "In any style, the bass's role in the groove is the same: to keep time and to outline the tonality. When developing bass lines, these two things should always be your goal" [One] may view in it [(the bass part)] all

4899-406: Was generally electronic, favoring analog synthesis , programmed bass lines, sequenced or arpeggiated synthetic riffs, and atonal sound effects all created with synthesizers . Heavy use of effects such as reverbs , delays , chorus or phasers along with eerie synthetic ensemble strings or pad sounds emphasized the science fiction or futuristic themes of classic (1980s) electro, represented in

4970-424: Was often used. From the 1920s to the 1940s, most popular music groups used the double bass as the bass instrument. Starting in the 1950s, the bass guitar began to replace the double bass in most types of popular music, such as rock and roll, blues, and folk. The bass guitar was easier to transport and, given that it uses magnetic pickups, easier to amplify to loud stage volumes without the risk of audio feedback ,

5041-417: Was present, the lower manual of the organ and the low-pitched pedal keyboard . In 2000s-era performances of Baroque music, the basso continuo is typically performed by just two instruments: a chordal instrument and one bass instrument (often harpsichord and cello). [The bass part is] the groundwork or foundation upon which all musical composition is to be erected. [The bass part is] the base and foundation of

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