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27-508: Based on an oral tradition recorded by Flodoard , Canon of Reims, three centuries later, Beuve and her brother Balderic were reputed to be children of a king Sigebert, whom Flodoard identified as Sigebert I , king of Austrasia . Many early historians follow Fodoard in this. However, Christian Settipani finds that this contradicts what is known about Sigebert I. Sigebert is known to have had a son, Childebert II , and daughters Ingund (wife of Hermenegild) , Clodesinde, betrothed to Authari, king of

54-577: A chronicle known today as the Annals , which he maintained for most of his career. Flodoard primarily reported major political and military events, focusing on those in West Francia but extending his coverage to the Ottonian empire and Italy . He also regularly recorded miracles and other supernatural phenomena. Flodoard seems generally to have written his annals in a year-by-year fashion, and there

81-438: A young canon of Reims, he gained prominent roles in the administrations of the archbishops Heriveus (900–22) and Seulf (922–25), particularly in the cathedral scriptorium . Following Seulf's death in 925, the magnate Herbert II, Count of Vermandois installed his four-year-old son, Hugh , as the new archbishop. Flodoard refused to participate in the boy's election, and was stripped of his position and benefices. In 931, Reims

108-458: Is no evidence that he revised his text. The Annals constitute one of the tenth century's relatively few contemporary chronicles, and the work is the only major West Frankish chronicle to have survived from this time, so Flodoard's work has been much valued by modern historians. Flodoard's History of the Church of Reims ( Historia Remensis ecclesiae ) is one of the most remarkable productions of

135-428: Is the daughter of Chlodéric , was born at the latest in 508. Pépin of Landen became mayor of the palace in 613 at the earliest, giving Doda an age of at least 105 years at the time of signature of the act of protection, although it is not clear that Pepin was already mayor at the time the act was issued. There is no evidence that Doda was Chlodéric's daughter. She was likely born of an unnamed daughter of Sigebert, towards

162-587: The abbey of Saint Bertin near Saint-Omer, France. He was consecrated archbishop of Reims in March 883, succeeding the long-serving Hincmar . As bishop, he corresponded with rulers, bishops and popes about a range of political and religious matters. Much of what is known about Fulk's career comes from the historian Flodoard 's History of the Church of Reims , written in 948-52, which narrates his life and preserves summaries of some 76 letters, half of which were written to or sent by popes . Fulk corresponded with Alfred

189-720: The Great regarding the needs of the English church, and rebuked Queen Richilde for what he considered irregular behavior. Upon the deposition of the Carolingian emperor Charles the Fat in 887, Fulk attempted to install his kinsman Guy II I, Duke of Spoleto , as king of West Francia, and even crowned him at Langres in 888. However, Odo , the Robertian count of Paris , was crowned by Walter, archbishop of Sens , and accepted by

216-468: The Lame (d. 507), king of Cologne. They have a niece Doda who succeeds Beuve as abbess of Saint Pierre de Reims, and who later obtains from a prince named Pepin letters of protection for this community. It is clear that this prince can only be Pepin of Landen , mayor of the palace of Austrasia. Apart from Baldéric and Beuve, the only other known child of Sigobert is Chlodéric, who died in 508, so Doda, if she

243-569: The Lombards, then to Reccared, king of the Visigoths and probably a daughter married to Duke Chrodoald. Sigebert I may have had other daughters mentioned by his contemporaries, but the case of an unknown son is much less certain. According to the Salic law, on the death of a Frankish king, all his sons would share the kingdom. It is more likely that Beuve and Balderic are the offspring of Sigobert

270-572: The abbey, and humbly practiced many fasts, prayers and vigils. Her brother Abbot Balderic visited regularly sharing advice and encouragement. On one such occasion Balderic became ill and died during a visit to Saint Pierre. Initially buried in the abbey, his remains were moved to Montfaucon. Beuve undertook the education of her niece Doda and welcomed her when she took the veil to escape a forced marriage. Upon Beuve's death, Doda succeeded her aunt as abbess. They are also said to be related to King Dagobert, presumably Dagobert I of Austrasia . Saint Beuve

297-671: The best modern edition of the Annales is that edited by Philippe Lauer in 1905. The History of the Church of Reims was recently re-edited for the Monumenta Germaniae Historica by Martina Stratmann (1998). There is, however, no modern edition of The Triumphs of Christ , which remains best consulted in Migne's Patrologia Latina edition. Fulk (archbishop of Reims) Fulk the Venerable (died June 17, 900)

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324-502: The decades following the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire . His historical writings are major sources for the history of Western Europe, especially France , in the early and mid-tenth century. The sources for Flodoard's life are almost exclusively his own writings. Local tradition holds that he was born at Épernay . He was educated at the cathedral school of Reims which had been established by Archbishop Fulk . As

351-449: The end of his life, around 505–508. Her daughter Doda would then be born between 520 and 550, which gives her a more reasonable age at the time of the act of protection. The date of 545 may be retained for the birth of Doda. This leaves sixteen years to the accession of Sigebert I as king of Austrasia, and the legend affirms that she was promised in marriage to a lord of the court of Sigebert I. Beuve seems to have begun her religious life in

378-464: The invasion of the bishopric on canonical grounds; consequently, he was detained by Herbert and once again stripped of his prebends. Between 943 and 946, Flodoard may have been away from Reims with Artold at the court of King Louis IV . In 946, Louis gained control of Reims with the assistance of the East Frankish ruler Otto I . Hugh was again deposed, and Artold was re-ordained. His claim to

405-499: The kingdom's magnates, agreement was reached whereby Charles would succeed Odo, which happened in 898. The rivalries and factions that emerged in this period set the stage for frequent conflicts between the Carolingians, Robertians and other noble families in the coming decades. Upon Charles' accession, he made Fulk his chancellor . Following a period of intensified Viking raiding in the late ninth century, in 893 Fulk restored

432-507: The monastery for women established at Reims by Clotilde and Saint Remigius . As it was outside the city walls, her brother Balderic built a house within the walls to provide greater protection for the nuns. He then went on to found the Abbey of Montfaucon. Although Beuve wished to remain a simple nun, she was named abbess of the monastery Saint-Pierre. She established the Rule of St. Benedict in

459-671: The nobles as king. Fulk, having had his favoured candidate passed over, continued to oppose Odo's rule, and as a possible alternative turned first to Arnulf of Carinthia , who had succeeded Charles in East Francia , also to no avail. Fulk eventually settled for backing the young Carolingian Charles the Simple , the son of Louis the Stammerer who had been passed over in 888 on account of his youth. In 893, Fulk crowned Charles king in opposition to Odo, and following continued conflict among

486-648: The otherworldly visions of a local girl in the early 940s, a time of great political conflict in Reims. Another work, now lost, is also referred to in the History of the Church of Reims : when discussing miracles that had taken place in and around Reims cathedral and were attributed to the Virgin Mary , Flodoard mentioned that he had previously collected these and put them into verse. Flodoard's works were published in full by JP Migne ( Patrologia Latina , vol. 135);

513-433: The schools of Reims, bringing in the renowned teachers Remigius of Auxerre and Hucbald of Saint-Amand . Political tensions continued to simmer, however, and in 900, Fulk was assassinated on the orders of Count Baldwin of Flanders . Charles granted to Fulk the abbey of St Vaast , which had previously been held by Baldwin, whom the king suspected of disloyalty. While traveling with a small escort to meet with Charles, Fulk

540-489: The see was eventually ratified at the 948 Synod of Ingelheim , which Flodoard attended. In 951, Flodoard was sent to Otto's court at Aachen , where he represented the church of Reims in a property dispute, and he seems to have been involved in the administration of his church's property. He retired from his canonical office in 963, aged 70, and died on 28 March 966. Flodoard wrote three substantial historical works and at least two other minor works. In 922, he began writing

567-456: The sixth century, and based much of his history on original documents which he summarized or reproduced extracts from. His summaries of some 450 letters of Archbishop Hincmar have been considered especially valuable. Flodoard's poetical works are of hardly less historical interest. In the 930s he composed an epic poem known as The Triumphs of Christ ( De triumphis Christi ), a history of Christianity in nearly 20,000 verses. The poem narrates

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594-464: The tenth century. This work recounts the history of Reims back to its supposed origins in the time of Romulus and Remus , though it focuses principally on the Christian era up to 948. The work, a celebrated example of the genre of gesta episcoporum ("the deeds of bishops"), takes the form of serialized biographies of the church's bishops. Flodoard had access to an episcopal archive stretching back to

621-422: The victories of Christ, martyrs, saints and popes , drawing on a vast range of earlier historical and hagiographical literature. Flodoard evidently gathered material for the work when he visited Rome in 936/7, and the text is a rare witness to the history of the city and the popes in the early tenth century. The historian wrote at least two other minor works. One, known today as the "Visions of Flothilde", records

648-516: Was archbishop of Reims from 883 until his death. He was a key figure in the political conflicts of the West Frankish kingdom that followed the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century. Fulk was born into a powerful aristocratic family, and his brother was Anscar I , Margrave of Ivrea . He became a palace cleric of Charles the Bald , and by 877 had been made abbot of

675-414: Was captured from Count Herbert by King Raoul and Duke Hugh the Great , who ejected Hugh and oversaw the election of a new archbishop, Artold . Flodoard appears to have regained his charges under Artold's leadership. In 936/7, he visited Rome , perhaps on pilgrimage, where he met Pope Leo VII . Herbert recaptured Reims in 940, deposing Artold and reimposing his son Hugh on the see. Flodoard objected to

702-496: Was killed by a man called Winemar and several accomplices, all of whom were in the service of Baldwin. The murder of a bishop was extremely rare in the Carolingian period, and the event shocked contemporaries, as indicated by the independent accounts of the chroniclers Regino of Prüm , the anonymous author of the Annals of Saint-Vaast , and Flodoard of Reims . Fulk was succeeded in the archbishopric by Heriveus , who convened

729-466: Was the first abbess of Saint-Pierre-les-Dames in Reims . In 639, her brother Balderic established the convent for her. She was succeeded as abbess by her niece Doda (or Dode). Her feast day is 24 April. Flodoard Flodoard of Reims ( Latin : Flodoardus ; 893/4 – 28 March 966) was a Frankish chronicler and priest of the cathedral church of Reims in the West Frankish kingdom during

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