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38-632: 2nd Lieutenant E. Gay, under the command of Major Porter, encountered a group of Shoshone in Devils Gate Canyon in Weber County, Utah in what was at the time the Utah Territory and assumed that this was the same group involved in the incident he was sent to investigate. Leading a group of 42 men and some light provisions, he made an attack upon the encampment of what he estimated to be between 150 and 200 Shoshone warriors. In

76-465: A platoon -size element, usually consisting of 16 to 44 soldiers or marines. A rifle platoon is composed of several squads with each squad led by a non-commissioned officer as squad leader . The second lieutenant is usually assisted by a platoon sergeant who advises and supports the platoon's commanding officer in leading the unit. In the Army, until December 1917, the rank bore no insignia other than

114-664: A Canadian Guards battalion number in token of the affiliation. Despite the battalion number, the GGFG were considered a separate regiment from the Canadian Guards. The affiliation automatically ceased when the Canadian Guards were put on the Supplementary Order of Battle in 1970. Members of the regiment took part in the Nile Expedition of 1884 and the following year provided a company of sharpshooters to

152-549: A brown sleeve braid on blouses and an officer's cap device and hat cord . In December 1917, a gold-colored bar similar to the silver-colored bar of a first lieutenant was introduced. In U.S. military slang , the rank is sometimes called "butterbar" or "brown bar" in reference to the insignia. The rank of second lieutenant has existed in the Bangladesh Army and Bangladesh Navy since the Liberation War . It

190-561: A few. By the end of the war, 242 officers and 5,084 other ranks had fought with the battalion. Of those, 52 officers and 1,227 other ranks were killed. The 77th Battalion (Ottawa), CEF was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 19 June 1916. It provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field until 22 September 1916, when its personnel were absorbed by the 47th Battalion (British Columbia), CEF and 73rd Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada), CEF and

228-520: A month. Between May and August, members can be employed full time in a variety of roles such as students or instructors on training courses, taking part in tasks such as the Ceremonial Guard , and attending field exercises. The regiment also runs supplementary training programs such as the marksmanship program to improve shooting skills, and the leadership development training program to prepare soldiers to attend leadership courses. Additionally

266-647: A second lieutenant named, for example, Smith is addressed and referred to as Mr Smith , with the exception that the alternative titles ensign ( Foot Guards ) and cornet (in the Blues and Royals and Queen's Royal Hussars ) are still used. In the Royal Air Force , the comparable rank is pilot officer . The equivalent in the Royal Navy is midshipman . In the United States , second lieutenant

304-607: Is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces . The lowest officer rank, it is usually placed below lieutenant or first lieutenant . The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until 1986. In the colonial forces, which closely followed the practices of the British military, the rank of second lieutenant began to replace ranks such as ensign and cornet from 1871. New appointments to

342-450: Is a rank below Lieutenant and a rank above Master Warrant Officer . In the army, a second lieutenant serves as the administrative officer or staff officer in a unit. In the Navy, the rank of second lieutenant does not exist. Its equivalent is Sub-lieutenant . Governor General%27s Foot Guards The Governor General's Foot Guards ( GGFG ) is the senior reserve infantry regiment in

380-462: Is also used by the Royal Marines . New British Army officers are normally commissioned as second lieutenants at the end of their commissioning course at RMA Sandhurst , and continue with specific training with their units. Progression to lieutenant rank usually occurs after about a year. In the British armed forces, second lieutenant is a rank which is not used as a form of address. Instead

418-560: Is known as letnan dua ( letda ) which is the most junior ranked officer in the Indonesian Military . Officers in the Indonesian National Armed Forces are commissioned through one of four major commissioning programs. Upon graduation the candidates are promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, thus becoming commissioned officers . The four programs are: Like many other Commonwealth countries,

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456-592: Is only appointed to officers in special appointments such as training institutions, university regiments and while under probation during training. Trainees undertaking Special Service Officer (SSO) training are appointed at their officer rank prior to undertaking the training (usually as lieutenants or captains). This is different to General Service Officer (GSO) trainees who start off at the rank of officer cadet (ADFA/ Australian Army Reserve officer trainees) or staff cadet ( Royal Military College, Duntroon ). Ranks equivalent to second lieutenant are acting sub-lieutenant in

494-508: Is the most junior commissioned rank in the modern French Army, Airforce and Gendarmerie . It dates historically from the late XVIth Century in the reign of Henry II of France . In 1674 this designation replaced that of ensign in the French infantry. By 1791 there were two sous-lieutenants in each company. After 1781 entry to this rank and beyond required four quartering of nobility - that is for all four grandparents to be recognised members of

532-517: Is the normal entry-level rank for most commissioned officers in the Army , Marine Corps , Air Force , and Space Force . It is equivalent to the rank of ensign in the Navy , Coast Guard , Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps . In the Army and Marine Corps, a second lieutenant typically is a platoon leader who leads

570-563: The 1998 Ice Storm , flooding in 2017 and 2019, and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. It also involves training for international operations and support to the Regular Force on operations in countries such as Afghanistan, Sudan, Iraq, Jordan, Egypt, Latvia, and Ukraine where troops from the regiment have deployed in recent years. Members of the GGFG train part time between September and June, usually Tuesday evenings and one weekend

608-593: The 1998 Ice Storm , floods 2017 and 2019, and during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The No 1 Company Governor Generals Foot Guards and the Ladies Soldiers Aid Association of Ottawa erected a memorial tablet which was unveiled on May 2, 1887; The memorial is dedicated to the memory of Privates J. Rogers and Wm. B. Osgood who died in action at Cut Knife Hill on May 2, 1885, during the Northwest Rebellion. A memorial plaque in

646-646: The 4th Armoured Brigade , 4th Canadian Armoured Division and it continued to fight in northwest Europe until the end of the war taking part in the battle of Normandy, the battle of the Scheldt, and the Rhineland. Over the course of the war the regiment's casualties were 101 dead and 284 wounded. The overseas regiment was disbanded on 31 January 1946. In the intervening years, members have participated in United Nations and NATO operations, including service in

684-646: The Canadian Army . Located in Ottawa at the Cartier Square Drill Hall , the regiment is a Primary Reserve infantry unit, and the members are part-time soldiers. The GGFG are infantry reserve soldiers who train part-time and full-time for domestic operations and international missions. This involves training for domestic operations where the unit deployed members to help during a natural disaster or public emergency such as it did during

722-625: The Royal Australian Navy and pilot officer in the Royal Australian Air Force . The Canadian Forces adopted the rank with insignia of a single gold ring around the service dress uniform cuff for both army and air personnel upon unification in 1968 until the late 2000s. For a time, naval personnel used this rank but reverted to the Royal Canadian Navy rank of acting sub-lieutenant , though

760-724: The Royal Canadian Army Cadets . The PD Coy, given the suspension of Ceremonial Guard activities owing to the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020, is ad interim the official guard of honour of the Canadian Armed Forces. This status will continue until the Guard's reconstitution. The GGFG originated in Ottawa, Ontario, on 7 June 1872 as the 1st Battalion Governor General's Foot Guards. It was redesignated as

798-679: The Battleford column during the North-West Rebellion, where the regiment suffered its first two casualties at the Battle of Cut Knife Hill . The company was removed from active service on 24 July 1885. During the Second Boer War the regiment contributed volunteers for the various Canadian contingents, mainly the 2nd (Special Service) Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry. The GGFG perpetuates two battalions of

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836-676: The CF green uniform was retained until the mid-1980s. Currently, the Canadian Army insignia for second lieutenant is a pip and the Royal Canadian Air Force insignia for lieutenant is one thick braid. The equivalent rank for the Royal Canadian Navy is acting sub-lieutenant . Also known as an Ensign in the Foot Guards units ( Canadian Grenadier Guards & Governor General's Foot Guards ). Sous-lieutenant

874-676: The Canadian Expeditionary Force who took part in the First World War. The 2nd Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment), CEF "The Iron Second", which was a part of the 1st Infantry Brigade, 1st Canadian Division and saw continuous service on the Western front from 1915 to end of war in 1918.  The 2nd Battalion also fought at the battles of Ypres, St. Julien, Festubert, Pozières, Vimy (1917), Arleux, Hill 70, Passchendaele, Amiens, and Canal du Nord, to name only

912-1440: The Cyprus, Somalia, the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, Haiti, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone. During the Canadian mission in Afghanistan, the GGFG deployed members, taking part Task Force 3-06, Task Force 3-08, and Task Force 1-10 in Kandahar, as well as the Operation Attention training mission in Kabul. The GGFG provides individual augmentation to the Regular Force when they deploy on operations. The regiment deployed members on Operation Impact in Iraq and Jordan, Operation Calumet in Egypt, Operation Soprano in Sudan, Operation Reassurance in Poland and Latvia, and Operation Unifier in Ukraine. The regiment maintains domestic response capability to support Canadians at home in natural disasters or emergencies. The regiment deployed soldiers to

950-837: The GGFG Regimental Museum is dedicated to the memory of the 5326 Officers and Men who served in the 2nd Canadian Infantry Battalion Canadian Expeditionary force during the Great War 1914-1918. A Second World War–era Sherman tank nicknamed Forceful III in the Canadian War Museum , is dedicated to the memory of the members of the GGFG killed during the Second World War while operating as an armoured regiment. 2023 2023 The Governor General's Foot Guards Regimental Museum collects, preserves, studies and exhibits those objects that serve to illustrate

988-538: The Governor General's Foot Guards on 16 September 1887; as The Governor General's Foot Guards on 1 April 1896; as the 2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Governor General's Foot Guards on 7 November 1941; as The Governor General's Foot Guards on 31 January 1946; as The Governor General's Foot Guards (5th Battalion, The Canadian Guards ) on 1 September 1954; as the Governor General's Foot Guards (5th Battalion, The Canadian Guards) on 25 April 1958; and finally returned to

1026-483: The Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, to collect and preserve materials of significance so that these materials may be preserved and aid in the advancement of knowledge of the regiment. The Guards' museum holds many artifacts from throughout the history of the regiment. Some of the artifacts displayed are a captured German trench periscope, various firearms from past wars including a Second World War –era German MG42,

1064-494: The aristocracy. The French Revolution substituted election by popular vote and later, under Napoleon, by graduation from officers' military schools or after four years of service as a sous-officer (NCO). Until World War I sous-lieutenants were distinguished by a single gold fringed epaulette worn on the right shoulder (silver for cavalry). Modern rank insignia is reduced to a single braid stripe on each shoulder strap and (when worn) kepi . In Indonesia , "second lieutenant"

1102-633: The battalion was disbanded. The honours and traditions of these battalions are perpetuated by the GGFG. During the Second World War the GGFG was mobilized in May 1940.  In 1942 the regiment was re-rolled to become an armoured unit to address the need for more armoured units in the Canadian Army, assuming the name "21st Canadian Armoured Regiment (GGFG)". It embarked for Great Britain on 23 September 1942. On 24 July 1944, it landed in France as part of

1140-424: The history and traditions of the regiment. The museum will collect materials that depict the regiment's past in terms of war, ceremonial, training, sport and other affairs that have influenced the regiment over the years. The museum will provide for the preservation of such material and for its availability to all those who wish to see and study it. The museum will be a non-profit educational establishment, operated for

1178-429: The murder of several travelers on the road. Pocatello was eventually released after being cleared of the charges, and a meeting was arranged with the elder leaders of some of the surrounding tribal groups. Other minor encounters with the native inhabitants of the area continued, and eventually the expedition returned to Camp Floyd satisfied that the issue had been resolved. 2nd Lieutenant Second lieutenant

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1216-491: The name Governor General's Foot Guards on 1 September 1976. In the Canadian Forces, units may make formal, official links between each other called affiliations . These affiliations are "to foster continuous fraternal connections between military organizations beyond the close, professional relationships which are always encouraged." The GGFG were affiliated with the Canadian Guards, and from 1954 to 1976 they used

1254-479: The official report, Lt. Gay claims to have killed 20 "indians" and about 6 of his men were wounded in the action, but there were no American soldier deaths. The expedition continued on to the California Trail, where Major Isaac Lynde took over command. While in what is today called Idaho , they encountered Chief Pocatello and had him arrested under suspicion of property theft and being responsible for

1292-632: The rank of second lieutenant ceased in the regular army in 1986. Immediately prior to this change, the rank had been effectively reserved for new graduates from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea which closed in 1985. (Graduates of the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) and the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC-D) are commissioned as lieutenants .). The rank of second lieutenant

1330-805: The rank structures of the New Zealand Defence Force usually follow British traditions. Hence the New Zealand Army maintains a rank of second lieutenant and the Royal New Zealand Air Force has its exact equivalent, pilot officer . However, the Royal New Zealand Navy breaks with British tradition and uses the name ensign for its most junior commissioned officer rank (rather than the usual equivalents, such as acting sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant). The rank of second lieutenant (2Lt)

1368-508: The regiment and open to the public, regardless of race, creed, or occupation. The museum will disseminate knowledge and stimulate interest through materials, information services by holding meetings and arranging special programs for the regiment, the association and the public for the furtherance of the purpose of the museum. The museum co-operates with the regiment, association, the National War Museum and other museums as well as

1406-429: The regiment runs sports and fitness programs. The GGFG are also affiliated with 1st Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment (1 RCR) for reserve integration training. The GGFG perpetuate the 2nd Canadian Battalion (Eastern Ontario Regiment), CEF , and 77th Battalion (Ottawa), CEF , from the First World War. The regiment is composed of the following sub-units: The regiment also supports the 2784 GGFG Army Cadets of

1444-616: Was introduced throughout the British Army in 1877 to replace the short-lived rank of sub-lieutenant , although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery , Royal Engineers , Fusilier and Rifle regiments . At first the rank bore no distinct insignia. The rank was abolished in 1881 but reintroduced in 1887. In 1902, a single Bath star was introduced; the ranks of lieutenant and captain had their number of stars increased by one to (respectively) two and three. The rank

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