Flemish ( Vlaams [vlaːms] ) is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language . It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch ( Vlaams-Nederlands ), Belgian Dutch ( Belgisch-Nederlands [ˈbɛlɣis ˈneːdərlɑnts] ), or Southern Dutch ( Zuid-Nederlands ). Flemish is native to the region known as Flanders in northern Belgium ; it is spoken by Flemings , the dominant ethnic group of the region. Outside of Belgium Flanders, it is also spoken to some extent in French Flanders and the Dutch Zeelandic Flanders .
34-633: Beau Séjour (the first season is internationally known as Hotel Beau Séjour ) is a Flemish -language Belgian supernatural crime drama television series created by Bert Van Dael and Sanne Nuyens, and directed by Nathalie Basteyns [ nl ; fr ] and Kaat Beels [ nl ; fr ] . It began airing on the Belgian channel Eén on 1 January 2017 and on Arte in France, Germany, and French-speaking Belgium on 2 March. It debuted on Netflix in some countries on 16 March 2017. A second season
68-742: A continuum with both Brabantic and West Flemish. Standard Dutch is primarily based on the Hollandic dialect (spoken in the Western provinces of the Netherlands) and to a lesser extent on Brabantian , which is the dominant dialect in Flanders , as well as in the south of the Netherlands. The supra-regional, semi-standardized colloquial form ( mesolect ) of Dutch spoken in Belgium uses
102-454: A fresh cast and storyline, albeit with a similar premise, of a murder victim trying to solve their own death. In December 2019, it was reported that Bervoets was injured during filming. He was treated at the hospital and released the same day. The first season of Hotel Beau Séjour was well received by critics, with particular praise for Lynn Van Royen's portrayal of the murdered Kato. John Doyle of The Globe and Mail compared it favorably to
136-407: A lesser extent, Terneuzen , Zeelandic dialect is being mostly replaced by Standard Dutch, although elderly people and people from surrounding rural areas can often still speak Zeelandic. There are clear differences between Zeelandic and Hollandic , Brabantine and East-Flemish dialects, but there is more of a dialect continuum with West-Flemish language varieties. The dialects spoken more towards
170-465: A loanword from French), and duimspijker (a compound of Dutch duim "thumb" and spijker "nail") meaning "thumbtack" (common standard Dutch: punaise , a loanword from French). Among the belgicisms, there are also many words that are considered obsolete, formal, or purist in standard Dutch. Moreover, many belgicisms have their origin in the Belgian official nomenclature . For example, misdaad "felony"
204-459: A select few people are able to see her and communicate with her as she desperately tries to find out who was responsible for her murder and why they killed her. Second season: Maurice, a Belgian Naval officer, awakes in the middle of a huge storm to discover his own dead body hanging from a mast on his sailboat, Beau Séjour, off the coast of Zeebrugge . Refusing to believe he hanged himself, he must solve his own murder. The series' first season
238-473: A supernatural element to the story to set it apart from other similar neo-noir dramas. Lynn Van Royen, who portrays teenager Kato, was 28 and pregnant with her second child during the shoot. The creators and producers hoped to make the series an anthology, with a different dead character in each season. A second season was announced in November 2017, with Sanne Nuyens and Bert Van Dael returning as writers. For
272-443: A village roughly on the middle of the island, can use widely different words for something than speakers from Sint-Maartensdijk do, which lies only 5 km to the west of Poortvliet . Zeelandic is strongly associated with the rural population, as it is spoken mainly in the countryside. The town dialects of Middelburg and Vlissingen are both much closer to Hollandic than the rural variants and are almost extinct. Surveys held in
306-467: Is currently considered a Low Franconian dialect of Dutch , but there have been movements to promote the status of Zeelandic from a dialect of Dutch to a separate regional language, which have been denied by the Dutch Ministry of Internal Affairs . More specifically, it is spoken in the southernmost part of South Holland ( Goeree-Overflakkee ) and large parts of the province of Zeeland , with
340-408: Is derived from Ingvaeonic *flâm- , from Germanic * flauma- , meaning 'flooded'. The name Vlaanderen was formed from a stem *flâm- , with a suffix -đr/dr- attached. Zeelandic Zeelandic ( Zeeuws : Zeêuws ; Dutch : Zeeuws [zeːu̯s] ; West Flemish : Zêeuws ) is a group of language varieties spoken in the southwestern parts of the Netherlands. It
374-552: Is not a legal term in the Netherlands, but it is in Belgium. The English adjective Flemish (first attested as flemmysshe , c. 1325 ; compare Flæming , c. 1150 ), meaning "from Flanders ", was probably borrowed from Old Frisian . The Old Dutch form is flāmisk , which becomes vlamesc , vlaemsch in Middle Dutch and Vlaams in Modern Dutch . The word Vlaams itself
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#1732771937771408-532: Is still spoken on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee . Traditionally, the Zeelandic language area also extended further north to the island Voorne-Putten , but the dialect has mostly disappeared from that area due to migration from urban areas such as Rotterdam . In urban areas in Zeeland, the dialect is in decline due to migration from other areas in the Netherlands. In Vlissingen , Goes , Middelburg and, to
442-474: Is the majority language in northern Belgium, being used in written language by three-fifths of the population of Belgium. It is one of the three national and state languages of Belgium, together with French and German , and is the only official language of the Flemish Region . The various Dutch dialects spoken in Belgium contain a number of lexical and grammatical features that distinguish them from
476-552: Is used a lot in television dramas and comedies. Often, middle-class characters in a television series will be speaking tussentaal , lower-class characters use the dialect of the location where the show is set (such as Western Flanders), and upper-class characters will speak Standard Dutch. That has given tussentaal the status of normalcy in Flanders. It is slowly being accepted by the general population, but it has met with objections from writers and academics who argue that it dilutes
510-739: Is used in at least five ways, depending on the context. These include: Glottolog considers Western Flemish to be a separate language, classified as a part of the Southwestern Dutch family together with the Zeelandic language. According to Glottolog, Western Flemish includes the dialects of French Flemish and West Flemish. Brabantian and East Flemish are classified as Dutch dialects, under the Central Southern Dutch dialect group. Ethnologue considers Limburgish and West Flemish to be separate (regional) languages. Dutch
544-451: The standard language . It incorporates phonetic, lexical and grammatical elements not part of the standard language but drawn from local dialects. It is a relatively new phenomenon that has been gaining popularity during the past decades. Some linguists note that it seems to be undergoing a process of (limited) standardisation or that it is evolving into a koiné variety . Tussentaal is slowly gaining popularity in Flanders because it
578-399: The 1990s found that at least 60% of Zeeland's population still use Zeelandic as their everyday language. An estimated 250,000 people speak Zeelandic as a mother tongue (West Zeelandic Flemish is included in that count), and although it is in decline, just as other regional languages, it is in no direct danger of extinction since in some villages with strong isolated communities, more than 90% of
612-617: The Count of Flanders , and the area was exposed to influence from both directions. The dialects clearly show a gradual increase of Hollandic elements as one goes northwards. However, Zeelandic is fairly coherent with clear borders, as the broad sea arms form strong isoglosses . The name Zeeuws is an old Zeelandic word that has been attested since the Middle Ages . An early citation by Jacob van Maerlant in his description of Sint-Francis goes as follows: The name Zeeuws has been in use for
646-576: The dialects spoken in Voorne-Putten , Hoeksche Waard and Rotterdam . There is hardly any dialectal influence from Zeelandic in the neighbouring Brabantine dialects, however, with the exception of the neighbouring villages of Oud-Vossemeer in Tholen and Nieuw-Vossemeer in North-Brabant . Zeelandic still has three grammatical genders and the final schwa of feminine words. It has kept
680-482: The differences (the orthography is Dutch): The province of Zeeland consists of several former islands that were difficult to reach until well into the 20th century. As a result, there is roughly one dialect per island. The respective dialects differ clearly but only slightly. The Goeree-Overflakkee dialect, for example, does not drop the h , and the Walcheren and Zuid-Beveland dialects have umlauted words, unlike
714-561: The first season of HBO's True Detective , calling it "a remarkably textured, slow-burning and compelling murder mystery." The Los Angeles Times called Hotel Beau Séjour a "worthy new addition to a crowded streaming field of moody European crime thrillers." American horror master Stephen King praised the series on Twitter, calling Hotel Beau Séjour "Eccentric, brilliant, and strangely touching. Supernatural fare for those who don't ordinarily like it." Flemish dialects The term Flemish itself has become ambiguous. Nowadays, it
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#1732771937771748-519: The language spoken in Zeeland ever since, but in addition to this there are various other names. Speakers often refer to their dialect with the name of their own area, such as Walchers for Walcheren or Plat Axels for Zeelandic-Flanders (named after the town of Axel , but also used in other towns in this region to distinguish it from the West-Zeelandic-Flemish dialects spoken in the region surrounding Breskens ), or sometimes with
782-440: The monophthongs [i] and [y] for ij and ui , rather than breaking them into [ɛi] and [œy] . It usually umlauts [aː] into [ɛː] and renders the old Germanic [ai] and [au] as falling diphthongs ( [ɪə ~ ɪɐ ~ iɐ] and [ʊə ~ ʊɐ ~ uɐ] , respectively, with the exact realisation depending on the dialect. Standard Dutch has merged them with etymological [eː] and [oː] . Finally, Zeelandic drops [h] . This table illustrates
816-596: The name of their own village, such as Wasschappels for Westkapelle . This practice stems from the idea that each village has their own dialect, which is markedly different even from the dialect in the adjacent village, and that there is no such thing as one homogenous Zeelandic dialect or language. There is a large amount of resistance specifically in Goeree-Overflakkee against calling the local dialect Zeelandic, due to historical animosity between this region which belongs to South Holland , and Zeeland proper. In
850-422: The northern dialects (for example: beuter [bøtər] as opposed to boter [botər] . Within the island dialects themselves, dialectal differences also exist, and native speakers can frequently tell the village (at least on their own island) a person is from by the specific dialect that is spoken, even if the differences are inaudible to outsiders. For example, within the Tholen dialect, speakers from Poortvliet ,
884-408: The notable exception of eastern Zeelandic Flanders . It has notable differences from Standard Dutch mainly in pronunciation but also in grammar and vocabulary , which separates it clearly from Standard Dutch. This makes mutual intelligibility with speakers of Standard Dutch difficult. In the Middle Ages and the early modern period , Zeeland was claimed by the Count of Holland as well as
918-545: The past, Zeelandic was also called boers (farmer-like), in contrast to Standard Dutch which was known as op z'n burgers (like civilians, like the bourgeoisie), but this nomenclature has fallen out of fashion in recent times. The word plat , which is also used in other dialects to refer to any non-Standard-Dutch dialect, is also frequently used in Zeeland. Zeelandic is spoken in most areas in Zeeland province, excluding East-Zeelandic-Flanders where, traditionally, more East-Flemish dialects are spoken. North of Zeeland, Zeelandic
952-487: The second season, the writers received a subsidy of 25,000 euros from the Flemish Audiovisual Fund. In February 2019, it was announced that the city of Bruges and production house De Mensen had reached an agreement to film the second season in the village of Zeebrugge , a port on the coast of Belgium. Filming began in summer 2019, with Gene Bervoets cast in a leading role. The second season featured
986-549: The standard Dutch. Basic Dutch words can have a completely different meaning in Flemish or imply different context, comparable to the differences between the British and North American variants of English . As in the Netherlands, the pronunciation of Standard Dutch is affected by the native dialect of the speaker. All Dutch dialect groups spoken in Belgium are spoken in adjacent areas of the Netherlands as well. East Flemish forms
1020-776: The usage of Standard Dutch. Tussentaal is used in entertainment television but rarely in informative programmes (like the news), which normally use Flemish accents with standard Dutch vocabulary. A belgicism is a word or expression that occurs only in the Belgian variant of Dutch. Some are rarely used, others are used daily and are considered part of the Belgian-Dutch standard language. Many belgicisms are loanwords and words or expressions literally translated from French (also called gallicisms ); others, in contrast, are actually remarkably purist , such as droogzwierder (a compound of Dutch droog "dry" and zwierder "spinner") meaning "spin dryer" (common standard Dutch: centrifuge ,
1054-521: The vocabulary and the sound inventory of the Brabantic dialects. It is often called an "in-between-language" or "intermediate language", intermediate between dialects and standard Dutch. Despite its name, Brabantian is the dominant contributor to the Flemish Dutch tussentaal . It is a rather informal variety of speech , which occupies an intermediate position between vernacular dialects and
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1088-490: The western coastal region of Zeelandic-Flanders, locally referred to as Bressiaans , resemble the West-Flemish dialects spoken across the border more than the dialects spoken around Terneuzen and Axel, which preserve more Zeelandic features while also exhibiting West-Flemish features. Although these similarities are greater than those between Zeelandic and Hollandic dialects, there are some minor dialectal influences in
1122-510: Was confirmed for the series in November 2017, and filming began in 2019. It premiered on Eén on 31 January 2021. First season: In the Belgian village of Lanklaar in Limburg , near the Dutch border, teenager Kato Hoeven awakes at the small Hotel Beau Séjour to find a bloody corpse in the bathtub—her own. She has no memory of the day before her death or why she was there. She soon discovers that
1156-486: Was shot on location at the real Hotel Beau Séjour ("Nice Stay") in Dilsen-Stokkem . The father of series co-creator Nathalie Basteyns stayed at the hotel ten years before the show was created, and it made an impression upon him. Basteyns and Kaat Beels conceived the idea for the series immediately after this, when the child murders of serial killer Marc Dutroux were still fresh in people's minds. They elected to add
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