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80-530: Beaumont House , occasionally known as Claremont , is an eclectic Romanesque - Classical brick residence located at 631 Glynburn Road in Beaumont , South Australia . Beaumont House was constructed for Augustus Short , the first Anglican bishop of Adelaide and founder of St Peter's Cathedral . It was constructed on land initially owned by Sir Samuel Davenport , a wealthy Adelaide landlord . Following Short's move back to England , Davenport purchased

160-483: A Crown Colony , after financial mismanagement by the first administration had nearly bankrupted the colony. This new Legislative Council was the first true parliamentary body in South Australia. The Act also made provision for a commission to initiate the establishment of democratic government, electoral districts, requirements for voting rights, and terms of office. Although the old governing Council advising

240-479: A double dissolution in order to resolve deadlocks between the two Houses. The circumstances for such a double dissolution are outlined below. The Legislative Council (or "upper house") is made up of 22 councillors (MLCs) who are elected for the entire state by the Proportional Representation single transferable voting system (with optional preferential voting ) to serve for a term that

320-520: A 12 year term. In 1882, the single colony-wide district was split into 4 electoral districts which were drawn with a heavy bias in favour of rural areas in place. The new scheme was set up so that half of the Council was being elected each election. Originally these electoral districts were the " Central District ", the " Southern District ", the " North-Eastern District " and the " Northern District ", with each being represented by 6 members each. From 1902,

400-463: A combination of declining health and disagreements of opinions over the next thirteen years saw him resign his precedence as bishop in 1872 and then as head of the diocese in 1881. He returned to England on 7 January 1882. At the time, the Claremont estate was valued at £ 8200. A cultivator of olives , Davenport had planted a limited number of olives around Beaumont House in 1852 after he purchased

480-477: A dwelling house, or "dwelling house and premises appurtenant thereto", with an annual rent of at least 17 pounds per annum (excluding any payment of rent by a wife to her husband); to a registered proprietor of a leasehold on which there were improvements to the value of at least 50 pounds and which were the property of the proprietor. At the same time, the franchise was also extended to ministers of religion, school head teachers, postmasters, railway stationmasters, and

560-414: A few Acts requiring the monarch's personal Royal Assent. The 18-member Legislative Council was elected by property owners only, while the 36-member House of Assembly was elected by a full male franchise. The Act also provided for a system of responsible government , where the members of the executive branch must sit in parliament and, by convention, can only remain in office while they hold the confidence of

640-497: A form of Group voting tickets similar to that used in the Senate at the time. This enabled voters to choose between voting 'above the line' (for a single party preference ticket that ranked all candidates on the ballot paper in the party's preferred order) or 'below the line' and number all candidates in order of preference, on the ballot paper. In 2017 this was changed to a form of optional preferential voting − instructions for above

720-485: A long history in Greek philosophy and it is underpinned by a deeper metaphysical and theological conviction concerning the absolute /God as the source of all noble thoughts and that all parts of the truth can be found among the various philosophical systems. The term eclecticism is used to describe the combination, in a single work, of elements from different historical styles, chiefly in architecture and, by implication, in

800-602: A major road which serviced the suburb of Beaumont, and linked to more major roads running west into the city of Adelaide along the Adelaide Plains . The Beaumont House estate was given the name 'Claremont' by Short. The location, in the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges , was chosen to catch the cool breezes coming from the sea across the Adelaide Plains. Bishop Short and his family moved into

880-522: A majority of the members of the House of Assembly. It was the first Constitution in the Australian colonies to provide "manhood" suffrage. The adoption of the "one man, one vote" principle also removed the ability of voters to vote in any electorate in which they owned property. The Act also defined the rules of tenure for the parliamentarians. Later in 1856, in preparation for responsible government,

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960-444: A member of a registered political party outside of a "relevant election period". While South Australia 's total population is 1.7 million, Adelaide 's population is 1.3 million − uniquely, over 75 percent of the state's population resides in the metropolitan area and has 72 percent of seats (34 of 47) alongside a lack of comparatively-sized rural population centres, therefore the metropolitan area tends to decide election outcomes. At

1040-545: A member retires or dies in office mid-term, are filled by a by-election in that member's district. Since 1975, the distribution of electoral boundaries has been set by the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission , an independent body. Since a referendum in 1991 , boundaries have been redistributed after each election. Previously they were redistributed after every third election. Government

1120-412: A movement or constituted a specific style: it is characterized precisely by the fact that it was not a particular style. Some martial arts can be described as eclectic in the sense that they borrow techniques from a wide variety of other martial arts. In textual criticism , eclecticism is the practice of examining a wide number of text witnesses and selecting the variant that seems best. The result of

1200-531: A rapidly developing settlement at the time, made land in the area extremely expensive. Although Adelaide as a new settlement was prospering during the mid-19th century, still very few people could afford the exclusivity of Beaumont. Bishop Augustus Short moved from England to Adelaide after the Archbishop of Canterbury offered him the choice of moving to Newcastle —on the coast of New South Wales —or Adelaide, both recently established dioceses . He chose

1280-585: A single cohesive framework. This distinction allows for a broader, more inclusive approach in eclecticism, where the selection is based on individual merit or preference rather than an attempt to create a new unified tradition. Eclecticism was first recorded to have been practiced by a group of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers who attached themselves to no real system, but selected from existing philosophical beliefs those doctrines that seemed most reasonable to them. Out of this collected material they constructed their new system of philosophy. The term comes from

1360-472: A single state-wide electorate from the same universal franchise as the House of Assembly. Since the following 1975 South Australian state election , no one party has had control of the state's upper house with the balance of power controlled by a variety of minor parties and independents. Originally, the electoral system for both houses was a form of plurality voting , where each voter is given as many votes as there are candidates to be elected. From 1929, this

1440-719: Is closely associated with Middle Platonism . Eclectic thinkers thrived during the Roman Empire . According to the Catholic Encyclopedia , eclecticism "aims at constructing a system broad and vague enough to include, or not to exclude, the principles of the divers schools, though giving at times more importance to those of one school". Roman Empire eclectic figures could belong to a specific philosophical schools while remaining eclectic and drawing on different traditions. Key figures include Asclepiades of Bithynia , Boethius , Panetius of Rhodes , Posidonius , Demetrius

1520-615: Is credited with influencing the Academy so that it finally transitioned from Skepticism to Eclecticism. Other eclectics included Varro and Seneca the Younger . According to Rošker and Suhadolnik, however, even though eclecticism had a Greek origin, the term was rarely used and it was even given a negative connotation by historians of Greek thought, associating it with the description for impure and unoriginal thinking. Scholars such as Clement of Alexandria maintained that eclecticism had

1600-590: Is formed in the House of Assembly by the leader of the party or coalition who can demonstrate they have the support of the majority of the House, and is called upon by the Governor to form government. The leader of the government becomes the Premier . The House is presided over by a Speaker, who, as of the passage of the Constitution (Independent Speaker) Amendment Act 2021 , is constitutionally banned from being

1680-569: Is usually 8 years. Elections for the Legislative Council are staggered so that 11 seats are up for re-election every 4 years, at the same time as House of Assembly elections. Legislative Councillors may serve shorter or longer terms than the usual 8 years in the event of an early dissolution of the House of Assembly. If half the chamber has served at least 6 years at the time of a dissolution, then they go up for election, but if all Legislative Councillors have served less than 6 years, only

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1760-423: The 1968 (with the House increased to 47 members), 1975 , and 1989 elections. Since 1975, the distribution of the 47 electoral boundaries has been set by the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission , an independent body. Since a referendum in 1991 , boundaries have been redistributed after each election. Previously they were redistributed after every third election. There are currently 34 in

1840-457: The 2014 election for example, although the statewide two-party vote (2PP) was 47.0% Labor v 53.0% Liberal, the metropolitan area recorded a 2PP of 51.5% Labor v 48.5% Liberal. The term for the House of Assembly is a fixed 4-year term but the state Constitution does allow the Governor to dissolve the House early and call for a fresh general election under certain circumstances. These are: If

1920-494: The Adelaide metropolitan area and 13 in rural areas. These seats are intended to represent approximately the same population in each electorate. The Legislative Council's numbers and electoral makeup have also varied over time. From the inception of responsible government to 1882, it had 18 members elected by a single colony-wide district, with the scheme originally set up so that 6 members would be elected every 4 years to serve

2000-508: The British monarch as the symbolic head of state. In 1851 elections for the Legislative Council were held. The new Council consisted of 24 members, four official (filling what would be today ministerial positions) and four non-official members, both nominated by the governor on behalf of the Crown, and 16 elected members chosen from single-member districts. The right to vote for these positions

2080-723: The Colonial Secretary , the Advocate-General and the Resident Commissioner, with broad legislative and executive powers including the imposition of rates, duties, and taxes. This council was sometimes referred to as the "Legislative Council". Confusion and dispute about the division of power between the two roles led to the South Australia Government Act 1838 , which combined the role of Resident Commissioner with that of

2160-404: The Constitution of Australia , with some powers transferred to the federal parliament. Another consequence was a bit of a "brain drain", with many of the parliament's most prominent members moving to the federal sphere. From 1857 to 1933, the House of Assembly was elected from multi-member districts, commonly known as " seats ," with each district returning between one and six members. The size of

2240-587: The Constitution of South Australia . Its power is further limited by the ability for the federal parliament to override it in some circumstances, subject to the Constitution of Australia . Similarly, the Supreme Court of South Australia , and ultimately the High Court of Australia , provides judicial oversight of parliament. The parliament is also vested with other powers, such as the means to investigate matters, conduct research and summon witnesses. At

2320-774: The Greek ἐκλεκτικός ( eklektikos ), literally "choosing the best", and that from ἐκλεκτός ( eklektos ), "picked out, select". Well known eclectics in Greek philosophy were the Stoics Panaetius and Posidonius , and the New Academics Carneades and Philo of Larissa . Among the Romans , Cicero was thoroughly eclectic, as he united the Peripatetic , Stoic , and New Academic doctrines. Philo's successor and Cicero's teacher Antiochus of Ascalon

2400-487: The Labor government of Don Dunstan managed to achieve reform of the chamber in 1973. Under the original 1856 Constitution, the franchise was restricted to men, "having a freehold estate in possession, either legal or equitable, situate within the said Province, of the clear value of Fifty Pounds sterling money above all charges and encumbrances affecting the same, or having a leasehold estate in possession, situate within

2480-757: The New Testament (currently, the United Bible Society , 4th ed. and Nestle-Åland, 27th ed.). Even so, the oldest manuscripts, being of the Alexandrian text-type , are the most favored, and the critical text has an Alexandrian disposition. In Hellenistic philosophy , the Eclectics used elements from multiple philosophies, texts, life experiences, and their own philosophical ideas. These ideas include life as connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. This movement

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2560-564: The South Australian Constitution does not define the parliament as including either the monarch or the governor of South Australia as one of its constituent parts. However, the constitution also vests legislative power in the state's governor acting with the advice and consent of both houses of parliament, making the role of the governor effectively the same as those of the other states. The parliament may make laws for any matter within South Australia, subject to

2640-406: The doctrine that there is nothing absolutely certain , Antiochus abandoned this to support dogmatism . Among his objections to skepticism was the consideration that without firm convictions no rational content of life is possible. Antiochus pointed out that it is a contradiction to assert that nothing can be asserted or to prove that nothing can be proved; that we cannot speak of false ideas and at

2720-518: The fourth state in the world to give women the vote and the first to give women the right to be elected to parliament. South Australia became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, following a vote to federate with the other British colonies of Australia. One consequence of federation was that the powers of the Parliament of South Australia were limited by the provisions of

2800-533: The "New Parliament House" was finally completed in 1939, 50 years after the House of Assembly portion of the building. One distinctive aspect of the history of the South Australian parliament was the " Playmander ", a gerrymandering system that instituted a pro-rural electoral malapportionment introduced by the incumbent Liberal and Country League (LCL) government, and in place for 32 years from 1936 to 1968. The already entrenched rural overweighting

2880-523: The Assembly grew during the colonial period—36 members from 1857 to 1875, 46 members from 1875 to 1884, 52 members from 1884 to 1890, 54 members from 1890 to 1902. In response to the Federation of Australia, the House of Assembly was reduced to 42 members from 1902 to 1912 and 40 members from 1912 to 1915. From 1915 to 1938 the size was again increased to 46 members. The Legislative Council half of

2960-539: The Beaumont House estate has been expanded greatly. Most of the structural expansion took place between 1907 and 1911, when Maj. Vincent owned it; it has not been expanded or notably altered at all since being donated to the National Trust. The estate is strongly reminiscent of Romanesque architecture , mainly due to alterations made to the house and grounds by Davenport. A member of the National Trust,

3040-613: The British Empire before. This was expressed by the Constitution Act 1856 (headed "1855–6: No. 2" and followed by the long title "An Act to establish a Constitution for South Australia, and to grant a Civil List to Her Majesty") establishing the constitution of the Parliament of the Province of South Australia. This Constitution Act provided for a bicameral parliament with full authority to enact laws, apart from

3120-466: The Central District continued to be represented by 6 members, while the rural districts were reduced to 4 members each. The North-Eastern District was replaced by the " Midland District " from the 1910 election and in 1915 the Central District was split in half and became the " Cantral District No. 1 " and the " Central District No. 2 ", each being represented by 4 members. As for the size of

3200-416: The Council as a whole, from 1882 until 1902 it had 24 members; until 1915, 18 members; and until 1975, 20 members. From 1975, the Council size was increased to 22 members, with half (11) to be elected at each election by the entire state voting as one electorate. Although the lower house had universal suffrage from 1895, the upper house, the Legislative Council, remained the domain of property owners until

3280-629: The Cynic, Demonax , Philo of Larissa , Antiochus of Ascalon , Andronicus of Rhodes , Aristocles , Alexander of Aphrodisias , Porphyry and Simplicius . Antiochus of Ascalon ( c.  125  – c.  69 BC ) was the pupil of Philo of Larissa , and the teacher of Cicero . Through his influence, Platonism transitioned from the Academic Skepticism of the New Academy to Eclecticism. Whereas Philo had adhered to

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3360-505: The Governor met at Government House , this new Legislative Council met at a new purpose built chamber on North Terrace. This chamber eventually grew into what is now known as "Old Parliament House". The Australian Colonies Government Act 1850 was a landmark development which granted representative constitutions to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania and the colonies enthusiastically set about writing constitutions which produced democratically progressive parliaments with

3440-676: The Governor. In 1842, the South Australia Act 1842 was passed in order to replace the South Australian Colonisation Commission appointed in 1834 with a more standard British model of government, with a Governor advised by a Legislative Council. The 1842 Act gave the British Government, which was responsible for appointing a Governor and at least seven other officers to the Legislative Council, full control of South Australia as

3520-409: The House of Assembly faces the people. In the event of a casual vacancy, members of the Legislative Council are filled by an assembly of the members of both houses of parliament. If the member whose seat has become vacant was elected as a member of a political party, the assembly must, if possible, replace them with a nominated member of that party. The Legislative Council has almost equal powers to

3600-439: The House of Assembly. The only difference is that the upper house does not have the ability to initiate or amend bills that appropriate money or levy taxes. The Council may still request amendments to these bills and retains the right to reject money bills that it disagrees with. The primary function of the Legislative Council is to review legislation which has been passed by the House of Assembly. This can cause tensions between

3680-399: The House passes a motion of no confidence in the government, the House defeats a motion of confidence in the government, or if a bill that has been designated by the House as a "bill of special importance" is passed by the House of Assembly but is rejected by the Legislative Council. The House of Assembly can also be dissolved early together with the full Legislative Council in what is known as

3760-441: The actual forms of the artifacts to which it is applied, and its meaning is thus rather indistinct. The simplest definition of the term—that every work of art represents the combination of a variety of influences—is so basic as to be of little use. In some ways Eclecticism is reminiscent of Mannerism in that the term was used pejoratively for much of the period of its currency, although, unlike Mannerism, Eclecticism never amounted to

3840-489: The client. Parliament of South Australia Opposition (13) Crossbench (6) Opposition (8) Crossbench (5) The Parliament of South Australia is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia . It consists of the 47-seat House of Assembly ( lower house ) and the 22-seat Legislative Council ( upper house ). General elections are held every 4 years, with all of

3920-495: The current owner of Beaumont House, explains how Davenport's travels influenced his styles: Samuel Davenport was a great world traveller. He was very much involved in the world exposition movement. Every two years there were big world expos happening in different cities around the world. And he would travel to every one of these expos...I'm sure that the influences that he picked up in all of his travels are reflected here in Beaumont House. The olive groves are no longer cultivated on

4000-477: The estate was sold to a new owner, Major Vincent, who made extensive alterations to the house. It was then bought by a third owner in five years, Mr Bennet, in 1911. Upon his death the house was passed on to his widow. Beaumont House was then transferred to the National Trust of South Australia by Bennet's widow, who had remarried, and her new partner on 24 August 1968. Originally a five-bedroom residence,

4080-410: The fine and decorative arts. The term is sometimes also loosely applied to the general stylistic variety of 19th-century architecture after neoclassicism ( c.  1820 ), although the revivals of styles in that period have, since the 1970s, generally been referred to as aspects of historicism . Eclecticism plays an important role in critical discussions and evaluations but is somehow distant from

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4160-548: The founding of the Province of South Australia under the South Australia Act 1834 , governance of the new colony was divided between the Governor of South Australia and a Resident Commissioner , who reported to a new body known as the South Australian Colonization Commission . Under this arrangement, there was also a governing Council comprising the Governor, the Judge or Chief Justice ,

4240-437: The government and the Legislative Council, which may be viewed by the former as obstructionist if it rejects key legislation, as can happen at times when the electoral makeup of the two Houses are different. Another important function of the upper house is to scrutinise government activity, which it does both in the chamber and through committees . As Legislative Councillors have been elected using proportional representation since

4320-631: The grounds of Beaumont House, but other notable additions by Davenport to the Romanesque style still remain. The house is occasionally described as ' Mediterranean ', mostly due to the red Tuscan -styled roof , the olive groves and pillared exterior. Eclecticism It can sometimes seem inelegant or lacking in simplicity, and eclectics are sometimes criticized for lack of consistency in their thinking. It is, however, common in many fields of study. For example, most psychologists accept certain aspects of behaviorism , but do not attempt to use

4400-522: The highest grade of happiness, bodily and external goods are necessary as well. This eclectic tendency was enabled by the fact that most of Plato 's works were non-dogmatic. Middle Platonism was promoted by the necessity of considering the main theories of the post-Platonic schools of philosophy, such as the Aristotelian logic and the Stoic psychology and ethics (theory of goods and emotions). On

4480-435: The house later in 1851, and resided there until Bishop's Court, North Adelaide , was ready to be occupied in 1856. During the same year, Sir Samuel Davenport purchased the house and land from Bishop Short and lived in 'The Lodge', a small cottage at the entrance to what became the driveway to Beaumont House, until Short vacated Claremont. Bishop Short later founded St Peter's Cathedral , an Anglican church, in 1869. However,

4560-565: The house—the second of five eventual owners. Following three sales between 1907 and 1911, the house was then transferred to the National Trust of South Australia in 1968 and has been listed on the South Australian Heritage Register since 24 July 1980. The suburb of Beaumont , in the City of Burnside , was founded as a purpose-built village by Sir Samuel Davenport in 1848. The location of Beaumont to Adelaide,

4640-479: The impression that only such a scheme would be acceptable to the British Government. The Governor, Sir Henry Young , had been advised that this was not the case but he kept this information to himself. The colonists were furious and 5,000 petitioned Westminster to give them two elected houses. The offending constitution was returned and in 1855, a new Legislative Council was elected with a mandate to establish something far more radical and democratic than had been seen in

4720-686: The land the year before. Davenport later expanded his groves by replanting trees and cuttings from Beaumont both in other areas of the allotment and at some of his other properties in the Adelaide Hills . He also planted mulberry trees for producing silk on the estate grounds. Davenport resided in Beaumont House until his death on 3 September 1906; his wife having predeceased him on 6 February 1902, and they had no children. He left his estate mainly to his nephew Howard Davenport after his death, and both Houses of Parliament in South Australia adjourned for his funeral in tribute to his legacy. In 1907

4800-517: The latter, and was consecrated at Westminster Abbey on St Peter's Day, 29 June 1847. He arrived in Adelaide by ship on 28 December 1847. Short expressed his interest in residing in Beaumont, and was wealthy enough to buy a large allotment of land off the current landowner, Davenport. Between 1849 and 1851, he had Beaumont House designed and built on a large allotment at the end of Glynburn Road,

4880-454: The line preferences. Today, the House of Assembly continues to use instant-runoff voting with compulsory preferences. Compulsory voting was introduced for the House of Assembly in 1942 and for the Legislative Council in 1985. Elections were held every 3 years until 1985 (with a brief flirtation with 5 year terms for the House of Assembly in the 1933-1938 parliament ), when the parliament switched to 4 year terms, meaning 8 year terms for

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4960-415: The line votes are to mark '1' and then further preferences are optional as opposed to preference flows from simply '1' above the line being determined by group voting tickets, while instructions for voters who instead opt to vote below the line are to provide at least 12 preferences as opposed to having to number all candidates, and with a savings provision to admit ballot papers which indicate at least 6 below

5040-421: The lower house and half of the upper house filled at each election. It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government with the executive branch required to both sit in parliament and hold the confidence of the House of Assembly. The parliament is based at Parliament House on North Terrace in the state capital of Adelaide . Unlike the federal parliament and the parliaments of most other states,

5120-484: The mid-1970s, the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power. A government or opposition majority in the upper house has been unachievable since the introduction of this system, with the balance of power being held by a number of minor parties and independents. In the event that there is a conflict between the two Houses over legislation, the South Australian Constitution lays out

5200-518: The officer in charge of a police station. A further extension of the franchise came in 1913, when the qualification of an occupier of a dwelling house was altered to include any inhabitant occupier, whether owner or tenant. In 1918, the right to vote for members of the upper house was extended to all those who had served in armed forced in the First World War. This was subsequently extended to Second World War veterans in 1940 and in 1969, it

5280-509: The old Legislative Council passed an Electoral Act providing for the secret ballot system of voting to be used for the new parliament, also known as the Australian Ballot. The first bicameral parliament of South Australia was elected on 9 March 1857, with Boyle Travers Finniss as the inaugural Premier of South Australia responsible to parliament. The parliament first sat on 22 April 1857. Until 1887, membership of parliament

5360-582: The one hand the Middle Platonists were engaged like the later Peripatetics in scholarly activities such as the exposition of Plato's doctrines and the explanation of his dialogues; on the other hand they attempted to develop the Platonic theories systematically. In so far as it was subject in this to the influence of Neopythagoreanism , it was of considerable importance in preparing the way for Neoplatonism . In modern philosophy , Victor Cousin

5440-400: The original Parliament House and took up residence in a new building constructed next door. Due to costs, this "New Parliament House" would remain unfinished for 50 years while the Legislative Council continued to be housed in the original Parliament House. Women gained the right to vote and stand for election in 1895, taking effect at the 1896 election . Once passed, South Australia become

5520-563: The peak of the malapportionment in 1968 , the rural seat of Frome had 4,500 formal votes, while the metropolitan seat of Enfield had 42,000 formal votes. Labor managed to win enough parliamentary seats to form government just once during the Playmander against the odds − in 1965 . Labor won comprehensive majorities of the statewide two-party vote whilst failing to form government in 1944 , 1953 , 1962 and 1968 . More equitable boundaries were subsequently put in place following

5600-412: The process is a text with readings drawn from many witnesses. In a purely eclectic approach, no single witness is theoretically favored. Instead, the critic forms opinions about individual witnesses, relying on both external and internal evidence. Since the mid-19th century, eclecticism, in which there is no a priori bias to a single manuscript, has been the dominant method of editing the Greek text of

5680-509: The said Province, the lease thereof having been registered in the General Registry Office, for the registration of deeds, and having three years to run at the time of voting, or containing a clause authorising the lessee to become the purchaser of the land thereby demised, or occupy a dwelling house of the clear annual value of Twenty-five Pounds sterling money." In 1907, the right to vote was extended to any person occupying

5760-486: The same time deny the distinction between false and true. He expounded the Academic, Peripatetic , and Stoic systems in such a way as to show that these three schools deviated from one another only in minor points. Antiochus was chiefly interested in ethics , in which he tried to find a middle way between Zeno of Citium , Aristotle , and Plato . For instance, he said that virtue suffices for eudaimonia , but for

5840-470: The theory to explain all aspects of human behavior. Eclecticism in ethics , philosophy , politics , and religion is often compared to syncretism , but the two concepts differ in their approach to combining elements from different traditions. While syncretism in religion involves the merging or assimilation of several distinct traditions into a new, unified system, eclecticism adopts elements from various systems without necessarily integrating them into

5920-474: The upper house. Beginning in 2006 , election dates have been fixed at the third Saturday in March of every fourth year. The House of Assembly (or "lower house") is made up of 47 members who are each elected by the full-preference instant-runoff voting system in single-member electorates . Each of the 47 electoral districts (electorates) contains approximately the same number of voters. Casual vacancies , when

6000-471: Was an unpaid position as members were expected to be able to support themselves through other means. This changed with the passage of the Payment of Members Act 1887 that set an annual salary of 200 pounds for members of both Houses who were not ministers. This rate has subsequently continued to evolve with the rate now set by an independent remuneration tribunal. In 1889, the House of Assembly moved out of

6080-413: Was changed to instant-runoff voting , with multi-member districts using the preferential block voting variant of the system. In 1973, as part of the reforms to the upper house, the Legislative Council switched to using a party list form of proportional representation voting that was subsequently changed to the single transferable vote in 1982. From 1985 until 2017, the Legislative Council also used

6160-404: Was increased to a 2:1 ratio, the number of MPs was reduced to 39 and the multi-member seats were abandoned for single-member seats. The House of Assembly now consisted of 26 low-population rural seats, which due to population shifts, were holding up to a 10-to-1 advantage over the 13 high-population metropolitan seats, even though rural seats contained only a third of South Australia's population. At

6240-489: Was not universal, however, being limited to propertied men. In addition, the reforms meant that the Governor no longer oversaw proceedings, with the role being filled by a Speaker who had been elected by the members. In 1853 the Legislative Council sent London a Parliament Act 1853 that provided for a new constitution that established a bicameral parliament with an elected lower house and an upper house made up of members nominated for life. The colonists were mistakenly under

6320-432: Was simplified to apply to all Australian war veterans regardless of the war they served in. In 1969, the franchise was granted to any person who owned or rented property, regardless of the value of the property. Further, the franchise was extended to the wedded spouse of the owner or renter. Finally in 1973, all property qualifications were removed and the Council became a body elected via proportional representation by

6400-407: Was the founder of modern Eclecticism. Eclecticism is recognized in approaches to psychology that see many factors influencing behavior and cognition or psyche . In the 1970s, psychologists started using whichever approaches and techniques that they deemed appropriate for their client. They take multiple perspectives into consideration while identifying, explaining, and changing the behavior of

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