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85-632: During its dedication ceremony, the president of the college described the Beaumont Tower as "a meeting or trysting place of the students, student groups or organizations, the center of all the activities of this institution". The tower was also to serve as a timepiece for the university, directing students' daily activities by sounding hourly. The tower, designed in the Collegiate Gothic architectural style, features The Sower , an Art Deco bas-relief by sculptor Lee Lawrie (1922), with

170-491: A charitable foundation . The location was used for a performance of The Six Wives of Henry VIII by rock keyboardist Rick Wakeman in 2009. The palace was the venue for the Road Cycling Time Trial of the 2012 Summer Olympics and temporary structures for the event, including a set of thrones for time trialists in the medal positions, were installed in the grounds. In 2015, Hampton Court celebrated

255-453: A few years. In 1529, knowing that his enemies and the King were engineering his downfall, he passed the palace to the King as a gift. Wolsey died in 1530. Within six months of coming into ownership, the King began his own rebuilding and expansion. Henry VIII's court consisted of over one thousand people, while the King owned over sixty houses and palaces. Few of these were large enough to hold

340-547: A geometric system of paths. On a raised site overlooking the Thames is a small pavilion, the Banqueting House. This was built c.  1700 , for informal meals and entertainments in the gardens rather than for the larger state dinners which would have taken place inside the palace itself. A nearby conservatory houses the "Great Vine", planted in 1769; by 1968 it had a trunk 81 inches (2,100 mm) thick and has

425-481: A grace and favour apartment. She was in the habit of taking a lighted candle to her bedroom at night, which is thought to have started the fire. The Hampton Court fire led to a new programme of restoration work which was completed in 1990. The Royal School of Needlework moved to premises within the palace from Princes Gate in Kensington 1987, and the palace also houses the headquarters of Historic Royal Palaces ,

510-621: A handwritten description of his own "English Collegiate Gothic Mansion" of 1853 for the Harrals of Bridgeport, Connecticut. By the 1890s, the movement was known as "Collegiate Gothic". In his praise for Cope & Stewardson's Quadrangle Dormitories at the University of Pennsylvania , architect Ralph Adams Cram revealed some of the racial and cultural implications underlying the Collegiate Gothic: It was, of course, in

595-548: A length of 100 feet (30 m). It still produces an annual crop of grapes. The palace included apartments for the use of favoured royal friends. One such apartment is described as being in "The Pavilion and situated on the Home Park" of Hampton Court Palace. This privilege was first extended about 1817 by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn , to his friend, Lieutenant General James Moore, and his new bride, Cecilia Watson. George IV continued this arrangement following

680-571: A major tourist attraction, reached by train from Waterloo station in central London and served by Hampton Court railway station in East Molesey . Buses 111 , 216, 411 and R68 stop outside the gates. The structure and grounds are cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces, which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown. The palace displays many works of art from

765-533: A measure. American heroism harks back to English heroism; the blood shed before Manila and on San Juan Hill was the same blood that flowed at Bosworth Field , Flodden , and the Boyne . Therefore the British base of the design is indispensable, for such were the racial foundations. Collegiate Gothic complexes were most often horizontal compositions, save for a single tower or towers serving as an exclamation. At

850-465: A new "Tudor Garden" was created in Chapel Court, Hampton Court, designed by Todd Longstaffe-Gowan. To decorate the garden eight small wooden King's Beasts were carved and painted in bright colours, each sitting atop a 6-foot-high painted wooden column. The heraldic beasts, carved by Ben Harms and Ray Gonzalez of G&H Studios, include the golden lion of England, the white greyhound of Richmond,

935-472: A row of vigorous French Gothic-inspired buildings for Trinity College – Seabury Hall, Northam Tower, Jarvis Hall (all completed 1878) – in Hartford, Connecticut . Tastes became more conservative in the 1880s, and "collegiate architecture soon after came to prefer a more scholarly and less restless Gothic." Beginning in the late-1880s, Philadelphia architects Walter Cope and John Stewardson expanded

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1020-528: A small group of Italian craftsmen working at the English court in the second and third decades of the sixteenth century. They specialised in the adding of Renaissance ornament to otherwise straightforward Tudor buildings. It was one of these, Giovanni da Maiano , who was responsible for the set of eight relief busts of Roman emperors which were set in the Tudor brickwork. Wolsey was only to enjoy his palace for

1105-463: A smaller amount being held at Kensington Palace , where it is displayed. The collection of over 10,000 items includes clothing, sketches, letters, prints, photographs, diaries and scrapbooks. The dress collection has designated status from Arts Council England . The timber and plaster ceiling of the chapel is considered the "most important and magnificent in Britain", but is all that remains of

1190-877: Is Andrea Mantegna 's Triumphs of Caesar housed in the Lower Orangery. The palace once housed the Raphael Cartoons , now kept at the Victoria and Albert Museum . Their former home, the Cartoon Gallery on the south side of the Fountain Court, was designed by Christopher Wren; copies painted in the 1690s by a minor artist, Henry Cooke , are now displayed in their place. Also on display are important collections of ceramics, including numerous pieces of blue and white porcelain collected by Queen Mary II, both Chinese imports and Delftware . Much of

1275-583: Is a Grade I listed royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames , 12 miles (19 kilometres) southwest and upstream of central London on the River Thames . Opened to the public, the palace is managed by Historic Royal Palaces , a charity set up to preserve several unoccupied royal properties. The building of the palace began in 1514 for Cardinal Thomas Wolsey , the chief minister of Henry VIII . In 1529, as Wolsey fell from favour,

1360-613: Is an architectural style subgenre of Gothic Revival architecture , popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries for college and high school buildings in the United States and Canada , and to a certain extent Europe. A form of historicist architecture, it took its inspiration from English Tudor and Gothic buildings. It has returned in the 21st century in the form of prominent new buildings at schools and universities including Cornell , Princeton , Vanderbilt , Washington University , and Yale . Ralph Adams Cram , arguably

1445-619: Is both the world's second tallest university building and Gothic-styled edifice. The tower contain a half-acre Gothic hall supported only by its 52-foot (16 m) tall arches. It is accompanied by the campus's other Gothic Revival structures by Klauder, including the Stephen Foster Memorial (1935–1937) and the French Gothic Heinz Memorial Chapel (1933–1938). A number of colleges and universities have commissioned major new buildings in

1530-514: Is higher than the other three. The missing finials represent the need for higher education. The tower is also the meeting place for the executive board of the Michigan State University Tower Guard . The Tower Guard, founded in 1934 by May Shaw, the wife of former MSU president Robert Shaw, is MSU’s oldest and one of the most respected student organizations on campus. It was originally a female honor society that

1615-591: Is likely that Wolsey had been inspired by Paolo Cortese 's De Cardinalatu , a manual for cardinals that included advice on palatial architecture, published in 1510. The architectural historian Sir John Summerson asserts that the palace shows "the essence of Wolsey – the plain English churchman who nevertheless made his sovereign the arbiter of Europe and who built and furnished Hampton Court to show foreign embassies that Henry VIII's chief minister knew how to live as graciously as any cardinal in Rome." Whatever

1700-575: Is widely considered to be the resulting beautiful and sophisticated Yale campus. Rogers was criticized by the growing Modernist movement. His cathedral-like Sterling Memorial Library (1927–1930), with its ecclesiastical imagery and lavish use of ornament, came under vocal attack from one of Yale's own undergraduates: A modern building constructed for purely modern needs has no excuse for going off in an orgy of meretricious medievalism and stale iconography. Other architects, notably John Russell Pope and Bertram Goodhue (who just before his death sketched

1785-735: The City College of New York 's new campus (1903–1907) at Hamilton Heights, Manhattan , in the style. The style was experienced up-close by a wide audience at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis , Missouri. The World's Fair and 1904 Olympic Games were held on the newly completed campus of Washington University , which delayed occupying its buildings until 1905. The movement gained further momentum when Charles Donagh Maginnis designed Gasson Hall at Boston College in 1908. Maginnis & Walsh went on to design Collegiate Gothic buildings at some twenty-five other campuses, including

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1870-506: The Duke of Cumberland . Today, the Queen's Private Apartments are open to the public. Since the reign of King George II, no monarch has resided at Hampton Court. In fact, George III , from the moment of his accession, never set foot in the palace: he associated the state apartments with a humiliating scene when his grandfather had once struck him following an innocent remark. He did however have

1955-633: The King James Version of the Bible . King James was succeeded in 1625 by his son, the ill-fated Charles I . Hampton Court was to become both his palace and his prison. It was also the setting for his honeymoon with his fifteen-year-old bride, Henrietta Maria in 1625. Following King Charles' execution in 1649, the palace became the property of the Commonwealth presided over by Oliver Cromwell . Unlike some other former royal properties,

2040-472: The Royal Collection . Apart from the palace itself and its gardens, other points of interest for visitors include the celebrated maze , the historic royal tennis court (see below), and a huge grape vine , the world's largest as of 2005 . The palace's Home Park is the site of the annual Hampton Court Palace Festival and Hampton Court Garden Festival . What would become Hampton Court Palace

2125-576: The Tudor dragon, the Seymour panther , and the Seymour unicorn . The set of Queen's Beasts at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II replaced the three Seymour items and one of the dragons by the gryphon of Edward III , the horse of Hanover , the falcon of the Plantagenets , and the unicorn of Scotland. In 2009 to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the accession to the throne of King Henry VIII,

2210-487: The University of Pittsburgh , Charles Klauder was commissioned by University of Pittsburgh chancellor John Gabbert Bowman to design a tall building in the form of a Gothic tower. What he produced, the Cathedral of Learning (1926–37), has been described as the literal culmination of late Gothic Revival architecture. A combination of Gothic spire and modern skyscraper, the steel-frame, limestone-clad, 42-story structure

2295-455: The state apartments  – reserved for the king and his family. Henry VIII stayed in the state apartments as Wolsey's guest immediately after their completion in 1525. In building his palace, Wolsey was attempting to create a Renaissance cardinal's palace of a rectilinear symmetrical plan with grand apartments on a raised piano nobile , all rendered with classical detailing. The historian Jonathan Foyle has suggested that it

2380-549: The 1960s the number of new residents declined, with the last admitted in the 1980s. However existing residents could continue to live there. In 2005 three remained, with none by 2017. In 1796, the Great Hall was restored and in 1838, during the reign of Queen Victoria , the restoration was completed and the palace opened to the public. The heavy-handed restoration plan at this time reduced the Great Gatehouse ( A ),

2465-523: The 500th anniversary of the groundbreaking of construction of the palace. The celebrations included daily dramatised historical scenes. The palace's construction began on 12 February 1515. On 9 February the following year, Vincent Nichols , the Catholic archbishop of Westminster , celebrated vespers in the Chapel Royal. This was the first Catholic service held at the palace for 450 years, and

2550-662: The American Vanderbilt family modelled their estate known as Florham , in Madison, New Jersey , US, after it. Florham was commissioned by Florence Adele Vanderbilt Twombly and Hamilton McKown Twombly from McKim, Mead & White . It was built in 1893. The palace has been used as a location for filming film and television shows, including The Private Life of Henry VIII , Three Men In A Boat , A Man For All Seasons , Vanity Fair , Little Dorrit , John Adams (2008), The Young Victoria , Pirates of

2635-529: The Base Court, ( B on plan ), was his creation, as was the second, inner gatehouse ( C ) which leads to the Clock Court ( D ) (Wolsey's seal remains visible over the entrance arch of the clock tower ) which contained his private rooms ( O on plan ). The Base Court contained forty-four lodgings reserved for guests, while the second court (today, Clock Court) contained the very best rooms –

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2720-613: The Collegiate Gothic style in recent years. These include Princeton University's Whitman College , designed by Porphyrios Associates , and Benjamin Franklin College and Pauli Murray College , both designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects , at Yale University. The University of Southern California's USC Village was created as an inexpensive post-modern nod to collegiate revival. (Harley Ellis Devereaux, 2017). Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace

2805-594: The Great Vine planted here in 1763 and had the top two storeys of the Great Gatehouse removed in 1773. From the 1760s, the palace was used to house grace and favour residents. Many of the palace rooms were adapted to be rent-free apartments, with vacant ones allocated by the Lord Chamberlain to applicants to reward past services rendered to the Crown. From 1862 to his death in 1867, the scientist and pioneer of electricity Michael Faraday lived here. From

2890-499: The King and Queen's apartments are linked by the Hall of Mirrors . However, at Hampton Court, the linking gallery is of more modest proportions and decoration. The King's staircase was decorated with frescos by Antonio Verrio and delicate ironwork by Jean Tijou . Other artists commissioned to decorate the rooms included Grinling Gibbons , Sir James Thornhill and Jacques Rousseau ; furnishings were designed by Daniel Marot . After

2975-553: The King and one for the Queen. Each suite of state rooms was accessed by a state staircase. The royal suites were of completely equal value in order to reflect William and Mary's unique status as joint sovereigns. The King's Apartments face south over the Privy Garden, the Queen's east over the Fountain Garden. The suites are linked by a gallery running the length of the east façade, another reference to Versailles, where

3060-550: The King's Beasts, that stand on the bridge over the moat leading to the great gatehouse. Unlike the Queen's Beasts in Kew Gardens , these statues represent the ancestry of King Henry VIII and his third wife Jane Seymour . The animals are: the lion of England , the Seymour lion, the royal dragon , the black bull of Clarence , the yale of Beaufort , the white lion of Mortimer , the White Greyhound of Richmond ,

3145-539: The Order of St John of Jerusalem re-leased Hampton Court to Thomas Wolsey . Thomas Wolsey , Archbishop of York , chief minister to and a favourite of Henry VIII, took over the site of Hampton Court Palace in 1514. Over the following seven years, Wolsey spent lavishly (200,000 crowns ) to build the finest palace in England at Hampton Court. Today, little of Wolsey's building work remains unchanged. The first courtyard,

3230-435: The Tudor decoration, after redecoration supervised by Sir Christopher Wren. The altar is framed by a massive but plain oak reredos with garlands carved by Grinling Gibbons during the reign of Queen Anne . Opposite the altar, at first-floor level, is the royal pew where the royal family would attend services apart from the general congregation seated below. The clergy, musicians and other ecclesiastical officers employed by

3315-402: The Tudor palace. His work ceased in 1694, leaving the palace in two distinct contrasting architectural styles, domestic Tudor and Baroque . While the palace's styles are an accident of fate, a unity exists due to the use of pink bricks and a symmetrical, if vague, balancing of successive low wings. George II was the last monarch to reside in the palace. The palace is open to the public and

3400-674: The Twelve Goddesses . On 6 January, Scottish courtiers performed a sword dance for Anne of Denmark . Their dance was compared to a Spanish matachin . Later in 1604, the palace was the site of King James' meeting with representatives of the English Puritans , known as the Hampton Court Conference ; while an agreement with the Puritans was not reached, the meeting led to James's commissioning of

3485-505: The anniversary of that King's accession to the throne. Sited on the former Chapel Court Garden, it has been planted with flowers and herbs from the 16th century and is completed by gilded heraldic beasts and bold green and white painted fences. The garden's architect was Todd Longstaffe-Gowan. The formal gardens and park are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens . There are ten statues of heraldic animals, called

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3570-490: The assembled court, and thus one of the first of the King's building works (in order to transform Hampton Court to a principal residence) was to build the vast kitchens. These were quadrupled in size in 1529, enabling the King to provide bouche of court (free food and drink) for his entire court. The architecture of King Henry's new palace followed the design precedent set by Wolsey: perpendicular Gothic-inspired Tudor with restrained Renaissance ornament. This hybrid architecture

3655-572: The campus of Bryn Mawr College in an understated English Gothic style that was highly sensitive to site and materials. Inspired by the architecture of Oxford and Cambridge universities, and historicists but not literal copyists, Cope & Stewardson were highly influential in establishing the Collegiate Gothic style. Commissions followed for collections of buildings at the University of Pennsylvania (1895–1911), Princeton University (1896–1902), and Washington University in St. Louis (1899–1909), marking

3740-486: The campuses of American colleges. Examples include Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Boynton Hall, 1868, by Stephen C. Earle ); Yale College ( Farnam Hall , 1869–70, by Russell Sturgis ); the University of Pennsylvania ( College Hall , 1870–72, Thomas W. Richards); Harvard College ( Memorial Hall , 1870–77, William Robert Ware and Henry Van Brunt ); and Cornell University ( Sage Hall (1871–75, Charles Babcock ). In 1871, English architect William Burges designed

3825-467: The cardinal gave the palace to the king to check his disgrace. The palace went on to become one of Henry's most favoured residences; soon after acquiring the property, he arranged for it to be enlarged so it could accommodate his sizeable retinue of courtiers . In the early 1690s, William III 's massive rebuilding and expansion work, which was intended to rival the Palace of Versailles , destroyed much of

3910-469: The clock shows the time of day, the phases of the moon, the month, the quarter of the year, the date, the sun and star sign, and high water at London Bridge . This last item was of great importance to those visiting this Thames-side palace from London, as the preferred method of transport at the time was by barge, and at low water London Bridge created dangerous rapids. This gatehouse is also known today as Anne Boleyn 's gate, after Henry's second wife. Work

3995-532: The concepts were, the architecture is an excellent and rare example of a thirty-year era when English architecture was in a harmonious transition from domestic Tudor, strongly influenced by perpendicular Gothic , to the Italian Renaissance classical style. Perpendicular Gothic owed nothing historically to the Renaissance style, yet harmonised well with it. This blending of styles was realised by

4080-489: The country. The King's Guard Chamber contains a large quantity of arms: muskets, pistols, swords, daggers, powder horns and pieces of armour arranged on the walls in decorative patterns. Bills exist for payment to a John Harris, dated 1699, for an arrangement believed to be that still seen today. In addition, Hampton Court holds the majority of the Royal Ceremonial Dress Collection , with

4165-497: The day activated by a computer. The Campus Circle where the tower is located often serves as a gathering place for students where free concerts on the lawn are available in the summer. The Beaumont Tower is one of the most recognizable and most photographed landmarks on the MSU campus. Its likeness as a line drawing is used on MSU letterhead. Special performances using the carillon are provided for specific occasions. The northeast finial

4250-404: The death of Prince Edward on 23 January 1820. Queen Victoria continued the arrangement for the widow of General Moore, following his death on 24 April 1838. This particular apartment was used for 21 years or more and spanned three different sponsors. A well-known curiosity of the palace's grounds is Hampton Court Maze ; planted in the 1690s by George London and Henry Wise for William III. It

4335-558: The death of Queen Mary, King William lost interest in the renovations, and work ceased. However, it was in Hampton Court Park in 1702 that he fell from his horse, later dying from his injuries at Kensington Palace . He was succeeded by his sister-in-law Queen Anne who continued the decoration and completion of the state apartments. On Queen Anne's death in 1714 the House of Stuart 's rule came to an end. Queen Anne's successor

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4420-493: The dominating feature of the grounds is the great landscaping scheme constructed for Sir Christopher Wren's intended new palace. From a water-bounded semicircular parterre , the length of the east front, three avenues radiate in a crow's foot pattern. The central avenue, containing not a walk or a drive, but the great canal known as the Long Water, was excavated during the reign of Charles II, in 1662. The design, radical at

4505-460: The façade turns the corner from the east to the south fronts. However, Hampton Court, unlike Versailles, is given an extra dimension by the contrast between the pink brick and the pale Portland stone quoins, frames and banding. Further diversion is added by the circular and decorated windows of the second-floor mezzanine. This theme is repeated in the inner Fountain Court, but the rhythm is faster and

4590-779: The first since the Elizabethan Religious Settlement established Protestantism as the national denomination. The palace houses many works of art and furnishings from the Royal Collection , mainly dating from the two principal periods of the palace's construction, the early Tudor (Renaissance) and the late Stuart to the early Georgian period. In September 2015, the Royal Collection recorded 542 works (only those with images) as being located at Hampton Court, mostly paintings and furniture, but also ceramics and sculpture. The full current list can be obtained from their website. The single most important work

4675-586: The great group of dormitories for the University of Pennsylvania that Cope and Stewardson first came before the entire country as the great exponents of architectural poetry and of the importance of historical continuity and the connotation of scholasticism . These buildings are among the most remarkable yet built in America ... First of all, let it be said at once that primarily they are what they should be: scholastic in inspiration and effect, and scholastic of

4760-449: The grounds are separately Grade I listed, including the early 16th-century tilt yard tower (the only surviving example of the five original towers); Christopher Wren 's Lion gate built for Anne and George I; and the Tudor and 17th-century perimeter walls. In 1986, the palace was damaged by a major fire, which spread to the King's Apartments. The fire claimed the life of Lady Daphne Gale, widow of General Sir Richard Gale , who resided in

4845-416: The inscription "Whatsoever a Man Soweth" (from Galatians 6:7). This serves as a tribute both to MSU's origins as an agricultural college and to the seminal nature of knowledge. Beaumont also houses a full carillon , with 49 bells. Originally the tower had only ten bells but over time additional bells were added until a full range of music could be played from these. The bells now play frequently throughout

4930-488: The leading Gothic Revival architect and theoretician in the early 20th century, wrote about the appeal of the Gothic for educational facilities in his book The Gothic Quest: "Through architecture and its allied arts we have the power to bend men and sway them as few have who depended on the spoken word. It is for us, as part of our duty as our highest privilege to act...for spreading what is true." Gothic Revival architecture

5015-522: The main buildings at Emmanuel College (Massachusetts), and the law school at the University of Notre Dame . Ralph Adams Cram designed a series of Collegiate Gothic buildings for the Princeton University Graduate College (1911–1917). James Gamble Rogers did extensive work at Yale University , beginning in 1917. Some critics claim he took historicist fantasy to an extreme, while others choose to focus on what

5100-544: The model for other library buildings. James Renwick Jr. 's Free Academy Building (1847–49, demolished 1928), for what is today City College of New York , continued in the style. Inspired by London's Hampton Court Palace , Swedish-born Charles Ulricson designed Old Main (1856–57) at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois . Following the Civil War , many idiosyncratic High Victorian Gothic buildings were added to

5185-478: The monarch at Hampton Court, as in other English royal premises, are known collectively as the Chapel Royal ; properly used the term does not refer to a building. The grounds as they appear today were laid out in grand style in the late 17th century. There are no authentic remains of Henry VIII's gardens, merely a small knot garden , planted in 1924, which hints at the gardens' 16th-century appearance. Today,

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5270-495: The nascent beginnings of a movement that transformed many college campuses across the country. In 1901, the firm of Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge created a master plan for a Collegiate Gothic campus for the fledgling University of Chicago , then spent the next 15 years completing it. Some of their works, such as the Mitchell Tower (1901–1908), were near-literal copies of historic buildings. George Browne Post designed

5355-471: The original furniture dates from the late 17th and early 18th centuries, including tables by Jean Pelletier , "India back" walnut chairs by Thomas Roberts and clocks and a barometer by Thomas Tompion . Several state beds are still in their original positions, as is the Throne Canopy in the King's Privy Chamber. This room contains a crystal chandelier of c.  1700 , possibly the first such in

5440-420: The original version of Yale's Sterling Library from which Rogers worked), advocated for and contributed to Yale's particular version of Collegiate Gothic. When McMaster University moved to Hamilton, Ontario , Canadian architect William Lyon Somerville designed its new campus (1928–1930) in the style. American architect Alexander Jackson Davis is "generally credited with coining the term" documented in

5525-489: The palace escaped relatively unscathed. While the government auctioned much of the contents, the building was ignored. After the Restoration , King Charles II and his successor James II visited Hampton Court but largely preferred to reside elsewhere. By current French court standards, Hampton Court now appeared old-fashioned. It was in 1689, shortly after Louis XIV 's court had moved permanently to Versailles , that

5610-492: The palace's antiquated state was addressed. England had joint monarchs, William III and Mary II . Within months of their accession, they embarked on a massive rebuilding project at Hampton Court. The intention was to demolish the Tudor palace a section at a time while replacing it with a huge modern palace in the Baroque style retaining only Henry VIII's Great Hall. The country's most eminent architect, Sir Christopher Wren ,

5695-522: The palace's principal entrance, by two storeys and removed the lead cupolas adorning its four towers. Once opened, the palace soon became a major tourist attraction and, by 1881, over ten million visits had been recorded. Visitors arrived both by boat from London and via Hampton Court railway station , opened in February 1849. On 2 September 1952, the palace was given statutory protection by being Grade I listed . Other buildings and structures within

5780-493: The palace: here, the King would dine in state seated at a table upon a raised dais . The hall took five years to complete; so impatient was the King for completion that the masons were compelled to work throughout the night by candlelight. The gatehouse to the second, inner court was adorned in 1540 with the Hampton Court astronomical clock , an early example of a pre- Copernican astronomical clock . Still functioning,

5865-622: The red dragon of Wales, and the white hart of Richard II , all carved from English oak. The historically correct colours were researched by Patrick Baty, paint/colour consultant at Hampton Court. The beasts are of a different design to those on the bridge, based on period drawings in the College of Arms . The palace is served by Hampton Court railway station which is immediately to the south of Hampton Court Bridge in East Molesey , and by London bus routes 111, 216, 411 and R68 from Kingston and Richmond. Inspired by Wren's work at Hampton Court,

5950-415: The resemblance to Versailles was too subtle and not strong enough; at this time, it was impossible for any sovereign to visualise a palace that did not emulate Versailles' repetitive Baroque form. However, the resemblances are there: while the façades are not so long as those of Versailles, they have similar, seemingly unstoppable repetitive rhythms beneath a long flat skyline. The monotony is even repeated as

6035-411: The time, is another immediately recognizable influence from Versailles and was indeed laid out by pupils of André Le Nôtre , Louis XIV's landscape gardener. On the south side of the palace is the Privy Garden bounded by semi-circular wrought iron gates by Jean Tijou . This garden, originally William III's private garden, was replanted in 1992 in period style with manicured hollies and yews along

6120-604: The type that is ours by inheritance; of Oxford and Cambridge , not of Padua or Wittenberg or Paris . They are picturesque also, even dramatic; they are altogether wonderful in mass and in composition. If they are not a constant inspiration to those who dwell within their walls or pass through their "quads" or their vaulted archways, it is not their fault but that of the men themselves. The [Spanish-American War Memorial] tower has been severely criticized as an archaeological abstraction reared to commemorate contemporary American heroism. The criticism seems just to me, though only in

6205-448: The windows, unpedimented on the outer façades, are given pointed pediments in the courtyard; this has led the courtyard to be described as "Startling, as of simultaneous exposure to a great many eyes with raised eyebrows." During this work, half the Tudor palace was replaced and Henry VIII's staterooms and private apartments were both lost; the new wings around the Fountain Court contained new state apartments and private rooms, one set for

6290-487: Was George I ; he and his son George II were the last monarchs to reside at Hampton Court. Under George I six rooms were completed in 1717 to the design of John Vanbrugh . Under George II and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach , further refurbishment took place, with the architect William Kent employed to design new furnishings and décor including the Queen's Staircase, (1733) and the Cumberland Suite (1737) for

6375-530: Was Elizabeth who had the eastern (privy) kitchen built; today, this is the palace's public tea room. On the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the Tudor period came to an end. The Queen was succeeded by her first cousin-twice-removed, James I of the House of Stuart . Two entertainments for the Stuart court were staged in the Great Hall in January 1604, The Masque of Indian and China Knights and The Vision of

6460-541: Was a service-oriented organization which would help to serve the needs of visually impaired students at Michigan State University. In 1977, membership was opened to the outstanding young men on campus in addition to women. Each year, the top sophomores are chosen to carry on the tradition based on their academic excellence, leadership, outstanding character, and commitment to service. Collegiate Gothic in North America Collegiate Gothic

6545-418: Was called upon to draw the plans, while the master of works was to be William Talman . The plan was for a vast palace constructed around two courtyards at right angles to each other. Wren's design for a domed palace bore resemblances to the work of Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Louis Le Vau , both architects employed by Louis XIV at Versailles. It has been suggested, though, that the plans were abandoned because

6630-406: Was considerably larger and could accommodate the entire court and more besides. Mary stayed at the palace awaiting the birth of the "child" for over five months, and only left because of the uninhabitable state of the palace due to the court being kept in the one location for so long. Her court departed for the much smaller Oatlands Palace . Mary was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I , and it

6715-553: Was informed of the adultery of his fifth wife, Catherine Howard . She was then confined to her room for a few days before being sent to Syon House and then on to the Tower of London . Legend claims she briefly escaped her guards and ran through the Haunted Gallery to beg Henry for her life but she was recaptured. King Henry died in January 1547 and was succeeded by his son Edward VI, and then by both his daughters in turn. It

6800-597: Was originally a property of the Order of St John of Jerusalem . It was leased first to John Wode in the mid-15th century, and then to the statesman Sir Giles Daubeney in 1494. Daubeney expanded the previous structures, and built the Great Kitchens that still survive today (although much altered). After Daubeney's death in 1508, his 14 year-old heir, Henry Daubeney , had to wait until 1514 to inherit his father's possessions. A month later, he relinquished his lease, and

6885-440: Was originally planted with hornbeam ; it has been repaired latterly using many different types of hedge. There is a 3D simulation of the maze, see the external links section. Inspired by narrow views of a Tudor garden that can be seen through doorways in a painting, The Family of Henry VIII , hanging in the palace's Haunted Gallery, a new garden in the style of Henry VIII's 16th-century Privy Gardens, has been designed to celebrate

6970-407: Was still under way on Anne Boleyn's apartments above the gate when Boleyn was beheaded. During the Tudor period, the palace was the scene of many historic events. In 1537, the King's much desired male heir, the future Edward VI , was born at the palace, and the child's mother, Jane Seymour , died there two weeks later. Four years afterwards, whilst attending Mass in the palace's chapel, the King

7055-443: Was to Hampton Court that Queen Mary I (Henry's elder daughter) retreated with King Philip to spend her honeymoon, after their wedding at Winchester . Mary chose Hampton Court as the place for the birth of her first child, which turned out to be the first of two phantom pregnancies . Mary had initially wanted to give birth at Windsor Castle as it was a more secure location, and she was still fearful of rebellion. But Hampton Court

7140-541: Was to remain almost unchanged for nearly a century, until Inigo Jones introduced strong classical influences from Italy to the London palaces of the first Stuart kings. Between 1532 and 1535 Henry added the Great Hall (the last medieval great hall built for the English monarchy) and the Royal Tennis Court . The Great Hall has a carved hammerbeam roof . During Tudor times, this was the most important room of

7225-456: Was used for American college buildings as early as 1829, when "Old Kenyon" was completed on the campus of Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio . Another early example was Alexander Jackson Davis 's University Hall (1833–37, demolished 1890), on New York University 's Washington Square campus. Richard Bond 's church-like library for Harvard College, Gore Hall (1837–41, demolished 1913), became

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