Misplaced Pages

#389610

66-533: The reservoir is the source of drinking water for 150,000 people, including those in Murrysville , Export and Delmont . Fishing in the reservoir and hiking near the reservoir are not allowed, due to public health concerns. The Municipal Authority of Westmoreland County (MAWC), the local water utility, leased the watershed in 1999 for gas drilling, and about 100 shallow gas wells have been drilled since then. And in 2008, deeper drilling and fracking for gas in

132-540: A cardinal direction (e.g. the North, as appears on the A1 ), serve to direct long-distance traffic. Primary destinations, on the other hand, are typically relatively nearby. As directional signs typically only contain the first one or two primary destinations, traffic needs to rely on the regional focal points to see the general bearing of the route. Primary destinations that are not on the designated road are shown in brackets as in

198-542: A control city even though the southern junction is at Scott Depot, West Virginia , in which Interstate 64 goes east toward Charleston. Another example is Interstate 65 , as Chicago, Illinois is used as a control city north of Indianapolis, Indiana , but I-65 terminates at Interstate 90 and the Indiana Toll Road in Gary, Indiana , 26 miles southeast of Downtown Chicago, and I-90 goes northwest into Chicago via

264-495: A group of ten cities in each part of the country where major roads intersect, is being signposted in addition to regular control cities. The references to network control cities serve to guide long-distance traffic through the country, unlike the reference to the first regular control city which is seldom more than 30 kilometres (19 mi) away. Network control cities can also be towns on an intersecting road. Since 2010, efforts are being made to create even more prominent references to

330-622: A long time below the water supply for us and 120,000 people,” he said. On Dec. 18, 2023, the Municipal Authority of Westmoreland County issued a mandatory water conservation order for Murrysville and others, including energy companies using water from the Beaver Run Reservoir for fracking, due to an ongoing drought . In the Department of Environmental Protection’s 2021 Climate Change Impacts Assessment, it

396-836: A lot of traffic often also take the role of control city. Examples would be major bridges (the Golden Gate Bridge is a control city within San Francisco ), tunnels (e.g. the Holland Tunnel in New York City ), or mountain passes (e.g. the Gotthard Pass featuring prominently on signs in Switzerland). In border areas, the border itself regularly features as a control city, e.g. the U.S.-Mexico border for Interstate 5 southbound. The control city

462-603: A number of countries not be considered control cities. While a control city may not appear on the signs of every single junction, the control city would at least appear on major junctions. Mostly towns and cities are used as control cities. Other than major towns in a country or region, towns close to major intersections or the end of a particular route are often selected as control city. However, all sorts of other potential destinations can be selected as control city, such as states and regions, frequently visited objects, and names of prominent intersecting roads. Narrow-passes carrying

528-412: A number of very minor localities having control city status. Some examples: However, in many other instances, the next major city near or along the route is used as a control city, often skipping over minor localities where two US-interstates meet. For instance: Some beltways or spurs which run through multiple states have different rules on control cities in each state. One instance is Interstate 435 ,

594-612: A one-off basis at major intersections, but they would then not be considered the control city for that particular road. Unlike in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, roads in Continental Europe are not signed with directional banners (east, west, north, and south). The motorist accordingly needs to rely on the combination of the control city and the route number as navigation tools. Possibly as

660-466: A particular direction. Unlike the control city, these other towns are not necessarily to be found on subsequent signs along the route signposted. These towns feature on the directional signage for information purposes only. In the Netherlands , the guidelines for signposting feature a distinction between regular control cities (called hoofddoel ) and network cities (called netwerkdoel ). The class,

726-514: A result of this, control cities tend to feature rather prominently on the route signs of European countries when compared to signage in North America . Routes tend to feature more signs that contain information for the route forward and those signs often contain a larger number of focal points. In this context, and bearing in mind that in Europe every country has its own style of signposting,

SECTION 10

#1732790445390

792-574: A road. Major roads in Poland , for instance, feature many signs that refer to small villages close to the border, since that border marks the route's terminus. Signs in Australia's Northern Territory generally will not refer beyond the state border, with the last control city on the Stuart Highway being SA Border and the same applying on routes heading to Queensland and South Australia . On

858-552: Is a city, locality, or other location posted on a series of traffic signs along a particular stretch of road indicating destinations on that route. Together with route numbers and cardinal directions , these focal points aid the motorist navigating along a highway system. Such cities appear on signs at junctions to indicate where the intersecting road goes and where the road ahead goes. They are also typically used on distance signs. Different countries have different practices as far as focal points on directional signs are concerned, and

924-603: Is also the most distant point that features on distance signs, which are placed after each exit. Directional signage along motorways tends to also refer to towns other than the Hauptfernziel. These could be local focal points (known as Nahziele ), but also smaller towns downstream. Under German guidelines, a town close to a road's terminus should serve as Hauptfernziel, except that towns close to major functions could also take that role. The major towns of Germany typically double as Hauptfernziel on this basis, notwithstanding

990-628: Is elected every two years and has executive/administrative powers, and a seven-member council , whose members are elected every four years and have precise legislative powers. In the mid-1970s, as suburban growth began to occur, the community rapidly transitioned through three forms of government (township, borough, and home rule) and four legal name changes (Franklin Township, Franklin Borough, Murrysville Borough, and Municipality of Murrysville). Since 1976, it has operated under its Home Rule Charter as

1056-574: Is land and 0.03% is water. Among the neighborhoods within Murrysville are Murrysville Heights, Heather Highlands, Franklin Estates, Settlers Ridge (The Ridge), Dunningtown, Newlonsburg, Ringertown, Sardis, and White Valley. Murrysville surrounds, but does not include, the Borough of Export , which is a separate municipal entity. Murrysville has eight borders, including Upper Burrell Township to

1122-1034: Is no exception,” said Michael Mann , a professor and director of the Penn Center for Science, Sustainability and the Media at the University of Pennsylvania and author of “Our Fragile Moment.” Murrysville is part of the Franklin Regional School District . The district operates four schools: Franklin Regional Primary School, Franklin Regional Intermediate School, Franklin Regional Middle School, and Franklin Regional High School , with Dr. Gennaro Piraino as

1188-415: Is noted that precipitation patterns are expected to change over the next century. Those changes are likely to include more extreme and intense rainfall — something scientists already have reported noticing — and increased drier weather in between and drought, along with higher temperatures. “In general, we expect worse drought over most of the U.S. as a result of human-caused warming, and Western Pennsylvania

1254-560: Is roughly 20 miles east of Pittsburgh on U.S. Route 22 , just east of the county line that separates Westmoreland and Allegheny counties. Murrysville is a control city on the sign for eastbound US 22 at the eastern end of I-376 in Monroeville. According to the United States Census Bureau , the municipality had a total area of 36.9 square miles (96 km ), of which, 36.9 square miles (96 km ) of it

1320-631: Is sometimes inconsistent in Ontario. For example, while Barrie and Newmarket are signed as control cities for Highways 400 and 404 respectively on exit signage along Highway 401 in Toronto; London and Kingston are not shown as control cities on signage along these highways as they approach Highway 401. Along Highway 400, the control cities of Toronto, Barrie, and Parry Sound are consistently signed along its southern section, but Barrie and Parry Sound are omitted in its northern section: e.g; northbound,

1386-574: Is there is no absolute rule that the city has to be reached before the control city changes, for instance Interstate 94 in Michigan uses Chicago as a control city as far as the Metro Detroit area , whereas some in-between cities such as Jackson are used within 20 miles (32 km) of there. Other control cities are used where a city can be several miles east of a north–south route, such as U.S. Route 35 using Charleston, West Virginia , as

SECTION 20

#1732790445390

1452-449: Is typically on or close to the route for which it serves as the primary focal point. In exceptional situations, towns along prominent intersecting roads could serve as such, notably when the vast majority of traffic would turn off to that intersecting road. Equally, towns beyond a route's terminus could serve as control city. Particularly when a route merges into another route, a major town along that other route could serve as control city. In

1518-481: The A4 between Turin and Trieste. On longer non-motorways, a provincial capital often takes the role of control city despite not being close to the route's terminus or a major intersection. Intersecting routes also feature as control city. This often occurs on beltways and spur routes. In addition to signs showing a route's single control city, Italian routes generally also feature ancillary signs that feature other towns in

1584-482: The AASHTO Guidelines for Supplemental Guide Signing . Control cities on other U.S. roads are often selected on the basis of general principles, as opposed to specific lists of towns. U.S. federal lists are in practice not always followed. This may be the result of towns having gained importance since the list was last updated or in order to have local (intrastate) interests prevail over towns elsewhere. On

1650-549: The Marcellus shale began near the reservoir. As of 2013, 41 deep wells have been drilled on 6 pads. The drillers are Consol Energy 's CNX Gas. Some of the chemicals used by Consol for fracking have been listed online by the MAWC. There is no information on the location, date, or total quantities of chemicals used, but Material Safety Data Sheets discuss the hazards and properties of these chemicals and others: In June 2013 there

1716-506: The St. Lawrence valley. Windsor , London , Toronto , Kingston , and Cornwall (with Montreal only signed along the short section between Cornwall and the Quebec border), are control cities while larger cities such as Oshawa and Mississauga are omitted due to them being suburbs of Toronto, although in the latter case this is common in most jurisdictions. The pattern of control city signage

1782-566: The Hauptfernziel of one or more intersecting motorways. These are separated from towns along the route proper with a horizontal line. In the Republic of Ireland , directional banners are used on the M50 ( Ó Thuaidh /NORTHBOUND and Ó Dheas /SOUTHBOUND) and on the N40 ( Siar /WESTBOUND and Soir /EASTBOUND). On national roads (which include motorways), the control city is usually a large town at or near

1848-522: The Municipality of Murrysville. On Dec. 6, 2023, Murrysville Council approved gas fracking beneath its two largest parks, Duff and Murrysville Community Park, over the objections of at least 174 residents who petitioned Council. No plan was presented for using the incoming money from the leases. Council member Jason Lemak pointed to fracking operations around the Beaver Run Reservoir “We’re talking about parks, but there has been fracking going on for

1914-666: The Murrysville–Monroeville border, near U.S. Route 22. In 1947, the sign was featured in "Ripley's Believe It Or Not" as the world's largest arboreal sign. (It is no longer the world's largest). The "Y" in the Murrysville sign points to the Haymaker Gas Well. In 1977, Murrysville was designated the "Gateway to Westmoreland County" by Mayor Walt Dollman in conjunction with the Chamber of Commerce. In 2012, community leaders upgraded sign and landscaping elaborately at

1980-461: The Toll Road, Chicago Skyway Bridge and Dan Ryan Expressway . In the case of concurrencies, another control city from the overlapping highway can take over, and sometimes two locations are used together. Other idiosyncrasies involve forcing a control city to be within the state or province. For instance Ontario highway 401 uses Kingston, Ontario as a control city, even though Montreal in

2046-400: The United States, for instance, New Jersey Route 18 southbound says it goes to Point Pleasant but never does. This is because of the stub end at exit 6. While the vast majority of control cities are sizeable towns, minor towns or even unincorporated localities may feature as control city. This is particularly the case if they are located close to junctions of major roads or near the terminus of

Beaver Run Reservoir - Misplaced Pages Continue

2112-414: The average family size was 3.01. In the Municipality population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 30.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males. The median income for a household in the Municipality

2178-650: The beltway in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area . Signs for I-435 in Kansas do not have control cities listed, while in Missouri, one of five control cities is listed, depending upon direction and location: Des Moines , St. Joseph , St. Louis , Topeka and Wichita . According to Section 2E.07 of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices , control cities must appear on guide signs: Since

2244-622: The biggest distance out (typically, on any motorway that leads to a town in category 5, the first category 5 town ahead is signposted). In the German guidelines for directional signage on motorways, the concept of the Hauptfernziel (translating as main distant focal point) has a role that is comparable to that of a control city in North America. This control city appears on roads leading to a motorway and at on-ramps. The Hauptfernziel

2310-442: The cities on post-interchange distance signs are listed in ascending order of distance, the control city of routes in the United States is typically the most distant locality on the signs of a particular road. Freeways in Australia , while not using the term 'Control City', operate on much the same system as in the United States and Europe. Directional markers are not used, instead the next large towns or cities which are likely to be

2376-589: The control cities may change at the continuations of these autoroutes into the adjoining jurisdictions; such as Cornwall (and then Kingston) being signed along Highway 401 in Eastern Ontario rather than Toronto. The New Brunswick Department of Transportation tends to use cities within the province as control cities. The Trans-Canada Highway uses Edmundston , Fredericton , Moncton , and Sackville as control cities from north to south. Places in bordering provinces are used sparingly, and only after they are

2442-400: The control cities of Toronto and (for the opposite direction) Hamilton/ Niagara / Fort Erie are the only bearings provided. Each of the 400-series highways uses control cities, but the common Ontario practice is to use smaller, closer urban centres as alternatives to out-of-province cities. For example, on Highway 401 , Cornwall displaces Montreal as eastbound control city for most of

2508-666: The control city changes to Sudbury even before the highway reaches Parry Sound, while Toronto is signed in two different sections southbound. The Ministère des Transports du Québec typically uses large urban centres as control cities, even if they are far away and/or outside the province. For example, signs in Montreal indicate control cities as far as Toronto and Ottawa on Autoroutes such as 20 and 40 respectively. New York City and Vermont are used as control cities for Autoroutes 15 and 35 respectively. This may cause confusion to motorists unfamiliar with this convention, as

2574-530: The destination, or known waypoints for motorists, are used. VicRoads' Traffic Engineering Manual , Vol 2 part 2.15, pp. 185-209, defined the standard through destinations (as of the publication date) for the freeways and arterial roads in Victoria in map form [1] There is no absolute threshold of community size or distance away, or absolute necessity that it has to be a city per se in order to be selected. Even some highways will terminate several miles before

2640-494: The district's superintendent. The district's high school boasts a graduation rate of 99.3% compared to the national average for public high schools of 82% and is ranked #213 in Newsweek's 2016 "America's Top High Schools". Private schools include Mother of Sorrows Catholic School . The Free Gospel Bible Institute (FGBI), a Holiness Pentecostal bible college , is located in Murrysville. Control city A control city

2706-536: The fact that motorways often pass by rather than terminate there. A prominent town that does not feature as Hauptfernziel on a major route would be Düsseldorf , which despite being a regional capital sits squeezed between the major junctions at Oberhausen and Cologne and has no major motorway junction itself. On the longer motorways of Germany, the distance between Hauptfernziele is usually some 150 to 200 kilometres (93 to 124 mi), though less in densely populated areas. Distance signs on motorways also often feature

Beaver Run Reservoir - Misplaced Pages Continue

2772-459: The financial centre itself being signposted as The city. One particular intersection outside London that made it to primary destination is Scotch Corner , the split between two routes from the South into Scotland . On signs in the United Kingdom, cardinal directions are not used, but one specific aspect of UK signage is the use of regions as a focal point along roads. These regions, which may appear

2838-415: The first of which was bored in 1878; wild speculation in leases precipitated the open conflict known as the 'Haymaker Riots,' named for the speculator killed in one of them." Since 1933, Murrysville has had a "tree sign" spelling out the word "Murrysville" . The trees were landscaped to grow and form the letters by local Boy Scouts . The sign is situated on a large hill as one enters the Municipality from

2904-580: The image below: Canada lacks a coherently signed national highway system —even for the Trans-Canada Highway routes—and there is no mutual agreement for designating control cities across provincial boundaries. Control cities are particularly necessary for highways that do not follow strict linear directions. Ontario 's Queen Elizabeth Way , for example, wraps around the western end of Lake Ontario , with segments proceeding both east and west from Hamilton . Compass directions are not used and

2970-481: The main axes of Scandinavia, notably the main north–south routes E4 and E6, larger towns along the routes have been chosen to also appear as control city. In the United Kingdom, the term control city is not commonly used. Rather, motorists are referred to a primary destination . Primary destinations are typically towns located close to strategic intersections. In London and other large cities, boroughs and major intersections are also in use as primary destinations, with

3036-681: The main entrance at the Allegheny / Westmoreland border featuring this designation. As is shown at the introduction of this page, the Gateway designation is featured on the official Seal of the Municipality. Murrysville became a home rule municipality in August 1976, when its electorate voted for a Charter designating it a Municipality. Murrysville is located at 40°26′5″N 79°39′24″W  /  40.43472°N 79.65667°W  / 40.43472; -79.65667 (40.434828, -79.656724). It

3102-441: The municipality. The population density was 511.0 inhabitants per square mile (197.3/km ). There were 7,396 housing units at an average density of 200.3 per square mile (77.3/km ). The racial makeup of the Municipality was 95.38% White , 0.61% African American , 0.05% Native American , 3.28% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.16% from other races , and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of

3168-516: The north, Washington Township to the north and east, Salem Township to the south and southeast, Delmont to the southeast, Penn Township to the south, and the Allegheny County municipalities of Monroeville to the southwest and Plum to the west. The borough of Export is situated inside Murrysville in the south-southeast section. As of the census of 2000, there were 18,872 people, 7,083 households, and 5,630 families located in

3234-737: The only remaining destination on the highway. Route 95 , the link between the Trans-Canada Highway and Interstate 95 , uses only Houlton, Maine as a control city to the west. The control cities on the Interstate Highway network are selected by the states and contained in the "List of Control Cities for Use in Guide Signs on Interstate Highways," which is published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials as Part III of

3300-605: The other hand, there are also instances where intrastate control cities have been left out so that long-distance focal points could be added. There are also instances where the name of another state has prevailed over the official control city, e.g. the signs in Boston heading to the state of Maine ("All Maine Points" appears twice on northbound I-95 just south of Portsmouth, NH.). On the U.S. federal list, control cities have often been selected by virtue of being located close to an intersection of two US-interstates. This has resulted in

3366-422: The other hand, there are also instances where larger cities have not been selected as control city because of the proximity of a bigger city downstream on the road. A common principle identified in signposting is the principle of continuity. Once a particular destination has featured on a sign, it should feature on all signs that contain forward destinations for that direction. Sometimes particular towns are used on

SECTION 50

#1732790445390

3432-458: The pivotal points in the French motorway network. Signs on, and leading to, French motorways generally refer to some three or four towns on that motorway. In other words, there are no stand-out towns that could be referred to as the French equivalent of a control city. The towns signposted have been picked from the three categories signposted along motorways, with towns in category 5 signposted from

3498-407: The population. There were 7,083 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.8% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.5% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and

3564-603: The reservoir for four months starting in May 2022. Murrysville Murrysville is a home rule municipality in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania , United States. The population was 21,006 at the 2020 census . It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area . The Haymaker Gas Well in Murrysville was the nation's first commercial natural gas well. For some time, it remained the largest commercial gas well in

3630-432: The road network could be promoted while larger suburban towns could be relegated one category). Towns in categories 3, 4, and 5 feature as the focal points on forward signs and distance signs of motorways. On non-motorways, these towns are signposted against a green background whereas other towns are signposted with black letters against a white background. The towns in category 5 are the biggest towns of France, which are also

3696-463: The role of the control city of that particular road. As distances in Scandinavia are longer and the area is sparsely populated, this can be a town that is several hundred kilometers away. Other than local destinations, signs in Scandinavia do not commonly feature other cities in addition to this major town. On less important roads, the town featuring as control city is often the route's terminus. On

3762-419: The route and as the most distant focal point on the distance signs placed after each intersection. On other roads, provincial capitals play a comparable role as control city, while larger towns outside Belgium feature on routes leading out of Belgium. All French localities have been divided into five categories for signposting purposes, mostly based on their size (though smaller towns with a strategic position in

3828-464: The so-called "control city" and "borrow" another route to continue toward there, even if a north–south highway has to externalize its control city to an east–west highway (or vice versa). For instance, Interstate 75 in Michigan uses the Mackinac Bridge as a "control city", and even U.S. Route 127 in Michigan does it as far south as Mt. Pleasant . Another idiosyncrasy with control cities

3894-561: The term control city is not always in use, but most countries use concepts that have a similar role to that of a control city in North America. Some, but not all, countries like Poland and Switzerland label border crossings and foreign cities as control cities with a European abbreviation symbol (D for Germany, NL for the Netherlands, UA for Ukraine, etc.). The border crossing control city in Poland would have priority over other towns along

3960-409: The term control city is not used globally. Where a sign contains a number of destinations for a particular direction, not all of those destinations may be considered a control city. In most countries, control cities are perceived to be the destinations on signs that aid longer-distance traffic, as opposed to local traffic. Accordingly, local destinations on a sign, which only appear incidentally, would in

4026-523: The termination of the road. A town on an intersecting road may be used as a control city with its name enclosed in parentheses. Road signs in Italy normally feature one focal point used per direction of a longer stretch of road. This could be considered the control city of that road. Often, this is the town close to the route's terminus, but it could also be a town close to a major intersection or an otherwise major town. Milan , for instance, has this role along

SECTION 60

#1732790445390

4092-498: The towns of Amsterdam and Rotterdam ; the former drawing many tourists and the latter drawing many professional drivers to its port. On roads not leading to a network control city, the route's terminus is often signposted in addition to the control city. Each of the Scandinavian countries has its own style of signposting, but their styles reveal similarities. Signs on roads in the countries typically feature one town that takes

4158-488: The way even if the signposted border village/town is smaller than many towns along the way or when the particular border crossing is no longer operational due to Poland adopting the Schengen Agreement in 2007. In Belgium , the route network very much centers around the towns of Antwerp , Brussels , and Liège . On roads leading to these towns, the relevant town typically features as the primary focal point of

4224-429: The world. The well was drilled in 1878, and until a gas pipe line was attached to the well in 1883, approximately 35 million cubic feet of gas a day was released into the atmosphere, resulting in a total of about 60 billion cubic feet of natural gas released into the atmosphere from this single site Murrysville was described in the first half of the 20th century as being "the center of a district dotted with gas wells,

4290-407: Was $ 64,071, and the median income for a family was $ 72,740. Males had a median income of $ 58,553 versus $ 32,567 for females. The per capita income for the Municipality was $ 32,017. About 2.2% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over. Murrysville is governed by a mayor (currently Regis J. Synan) who

4356-484: Was a spill of 100 gallons of recycled frack wastewater into the ground at a pad near the reservoir. To limit pollution from the spill, soil was excavated, and testing for chlorides was done, and the tests indicated acceptable chloride levels. Fracking resumed several days later. The reservoir's water has frequently been sold to energy companies for use in fracking operations. Most recently, Olympus Energy of Canonsburg will purchase millions of gallons of water per day from

#389610