William Jessop (23 January 1745 – 18 November 1814) was an English civil engineer , best known for his work on canals , harbours and early railways in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
109-708: The Nottingham Canal is a canal in the English counties of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire . As built, it comprised a 14.7-mile (23.7 km) long main line between the River Trent just downstream of Trent Bridge in Nottingham and Langley Mill in Derbyshire . At the same time as the main line of the canal was built by its proprietors, the separate Trent Navigation Company built the Beeston Cut, from
218-450: A 3D laser scanner to produce a three dimensional record of more than 450 sandstone caves around Nottingham". Nottinghamshire was mapped first by Christopher Saxton in 1576; the first fully surveyed map of the county was by John Chapman, who produced Chapman's Map of Nottinghamshire in 1774. The map was the earliest printed map at a sufficiently useful scale (one statute mile to one inch) to provide basic information on village layout, and
327-625: A form of paralysis, and 1805 marked the end of his active career. He died at his home, Butterley Hall , on 18 November 1814. His son Josias became a successful engineer in his own right. Jessop was in the unusual position of bridging the gap between the canal engineers and the railway engineers who came later. His name did not gain the lasting fame that it deserved because of his modesty. Indeed some of his works have been wrongly attributed to engineers who acted as his assistants. Unlike some engineers, such as George Stephenson , Jessop did not stoop to undignified wrangles with fellow professionals. He
436-533: A majority of councillors. The party gained full control after previously governing in coalition with the Mansfield Independent Forum since the 2017 election . The council was formerly Labour-controlled after the 2013 election . The County Council is currently made up of 34 Conservative councillors, 15 Labour, 10 Ashfield Independents and 7 independents . Local government is devolved to seven local borough and district councils. Ashfield
545-439: A man named Musson noticed that some of the powder had leaked from a barrel. He rather foolishly dropped a hot cinder onto the powder, which caused it all to explode. He was thrown some 126 yards (115 m) by the blast. Several boats were destroyed and many of the surrounding buildings were damaged. When the insurance company refused to pay for the damage, the canal company sued the boat company, and were awarded £1,000, and some of
654-579: A new course for the River Leen , and so is still in water. Following a public meeting on 22 July 1976, the Nottingham Canal Society was formed, with a view to preserving what was left of the canal, and to reinstating navigation between Langley Mill and Coventry Lane, Nottingham. They hoped to prevent further sections of the canal from being filled in, and to ensure that any plans for open-cast mining would include provision to reinstate
763-623: A number of years before beginning to work as an engineer in his own right. He assisted Smeaton with the Calder and Hebble and the Aire and Calder navigations in Yorkshire. The first major work that Jessop is known to have carried out was the Grand Canal of Ireland . This had begun as a Government project in 1753, and it had taken seventeen years to build fourteen miles (21 km) of canal from
872-505: A programme of draining the canal, laying pipes along its bed and filling it in began. The section from Derby Road to Radford Bridge Road, including locks 4 and 5, was completed in 1955, and by 1962, had reached lock 12 on the Wollaton flight. Lock 13 was adapted to feed surplus water into the pipes. Wollaton Colliery continued to use the canal to discharge water from the colliery bathhouse until its closure in late 1963, and once it had closed,
981-604: A public meeting. The meeting, held at the Guildhall on 26 October 1790, debated the idea of a canal running directly from the Cromford Canal to the Trent, joining it below Trent Bridge. Those present approved a plan, and formed a committee, which included two men who were also connected to the company building the Cromford Canal. The committee called upon the services of the surveyor William Jessop , who had experience with
1090-495: A rapid thaw which caused flooding. The proprietors wrote to Jessop to express their dissatisfaction with "the erroneous construction of many works on the canal and the very large expense incurred", but Jessop was already involved in much bigger projects. On 1 March 1796, the first boat reached Nottingham from the south, travelling along the completed Beeston Cut, which joined the Nottingham Canal at Lenton, and on 26 April,
1199-673: Is Nottingham Forest , a Premier League club that won the 1978 English championship , and followed it up with winning the 1979 and 1980 European Cup titles. Mansfield Town and Notts County are the other professional teams in the country, both in League Two . Other notable sporting teams are the Nottingham Rugby Football Club , and the Nottingham Panthers Ice Hockey Club . An unofficial flag for Nottinghamshire
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#17328021469811308-541: Is Peat Carr, east of Blaxton, at sea level ; the Trent is tidal below Cromwell Lock . Nottinghamshire is sheltered by the Pennines to the west, so receives relatively low rainfall at 641 to 740 millimetres (25 to 29 inches ) annually. The average temperature of the county is 8.8–10.1 degrees Celsius (48–50 degrees Fahrenheit ). The county receives between 1321 and 1470 hours of sunshine per year. Nottinghamshire contains one green belt area, first drawn up from
1417-466: Is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. The county borders South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The largest settlement is the city of Nottingham (323,632), which is also the county town. The county has an area of 2,160 km (830 sq mi) and a population of 1,154,195. The latter
1526-405: Is a non-metropolitan county, governed by Nottinghamshire County Council and seven non-metropolitan district councils. Elections to the county council take place every four years, with the first election taking place in 1973. Following each election, the county council has been controlled by the following parties: The regional economy was traditionally based on industries such as coal mining in
1635-615: Is concentrated in the Nottingham built-up area in the south-west, which extends into Derbyshire and has a population of 729,997. The north-east of the county is more rural, and contains the towns of Worksop (44,733) and Newark-on-Trent (27,700). For local government purposes Nottinghamshire comprises a non-metropolitan county , with seven districts, and the Nottingham unitary authority area. The East Midlands Combined County Authority includes Nottinghamshire County Council and Nottingham City Council. The geography of Nottinghamshire
1744-507: Is controlled by the Ashfield Independents. Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, and Mansfield are Labour-controlled. Newark and Sherwood is controlled by a coalition of Labour, Liberal Democrat and independent councillors. Rushcliffe is Conservative-controlled. Nottingham City Council , which governs the Nottingham unitary authority and is independent of Nottinghamshire County Council, is majority Labour-controlled. Nottinghamshire
1853-742: Is famous for its involvement with the legend of Robin Hood . This is also the reason for the numbers of tourists who visit places like Sherwood Forest , City of Nottingham , and the surrounding villages in Sherwood Forest. To reinforce the Robin Hood connection, the University of Nottingham in 2010 has begun the Nottingham Caves Survey , with the goal "to increase the tourist potential of these sites". The project "will use
1962-659: Is home to a campus of the University of Law . All three of these institutions combine to make Nottingham one of England 's largest student cities. Nottingham Trent University also has an agricultural college near Southwell , while the University of Nottingham has one at Sutton Bonington . While the overall county is officially in the East Midlands, northern parts of Nottinghamshire are considered to be geographically and culturally southern. Locals may personally refer to places such as Worksop and Bolsover as being in
2071-622: Is largely defined by the River Trent , which forms a wide valley which crosses the county from the south-west to the north-east. North of this, in the centre of the county, is Sherwood Forest , the remnant of a large ancient woodland . Nottinghamshire lies on the Roman Fosse Way , and there are Roman settlements in the county; for example at Mansfield , and forts such as at the Broxtowe Estate in Bilborough . The county
2180-527: Is where the county council are based. There are several market towns in the county. Newark-on-Trent is a bridging point of the Fosse Way and River Trent , but is actually an Anglo-Saxon market town with a now ruined castle . Mansfield , the second-largest settlement in the county after Nottingham, sits on the site of a Roman settlement, but grew after the Norman Conquest . Worksop , in
2289-595: The 1984–85 miners' strike . Until 1610, Nottinghamshire was divided into eight Wapentakes . Sometime between 1610 and 1719, they were reduced to six – Newark , Bassetlaw , Thurgarton , Rushcliffe , Broxtowe , and Bingham , some of these names still being used for the modern districts. Oswaldbeck was absorbed in Bassetlaw, of which it forms the North Clay division, and Lythe in Thurgarton. Nottinghamshire
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#17328021469812398-591: The Awsworth Bypass , which was scheduled to be built in 1980, to include navigable headroom where it crossed the canal. A breach of the canal occurred in 1978, when part of the embankment at Trowell, near to the M1 motorway , slipped. It was repaired by the society, with some labour supplied by one of the local prisons, and machinery supplied by the Waterway Recovery Group . Bridge restoration work
2507-522: The Chat Moss bog with the Liverpool and Manchester Railway . The canal was carried over the bog on a high embankment. Jessop also identified sources of water and built reservoirs , so that the canal was in no danger of running dry. Having seen to all of the important details Jessop returned to England, leaving a deputy in charge to complete the canal. This was finally done in 1805. It seems that Jessop
2616-597: The Dublin end. In 1772 a private company was formed to complete the canal, and consulted John Smeaton. Smeaton sent Jessop to take control of the project as principal engineer. Jessop re-surveyed the proposed line of the canal and carried the canal over the River Liffey , via the Leinster Aqueduct. He also drove the canal across the great Bog of Allen , a feat comparable with George Stephenson 's crossing of
2725-487: The Leen Valley , and manufacturing. Since the invention of the knitting frame by local William Lee , the county, in particular Nottingham , became synonymous with the lace industry. In 1998, Nottinghamshire had a gross domestic product (GDP) per-capita of £ 12,000, and a total GDP of £12,023 million. This is compared to a per-capita GDP of £11,848 for the East Midlands , £12,845 for England, and £12,548 for
2834-552: The Lord Mayor of Nottingham , Peter Burgess. The towpath of the canal through Nottingham city centre forms part of Nottingham's Big Track, a 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) circular car-free cycle route and footpath, which follows the canal from the railway station in Nottingham to the Beeston locks, and then returns via the Trent riverside path. The canal in the middle of Nottingham, where it is overlooked by Nottingham Castle , forms
2943-747: The Nottingham Urban Area while Bassetlaw is a non-constituent part of the Sheffield City Region. William Jessop Jessop was born in Devonport, Devon , the son of Josias Jessop, a foreman shipwright in the Naval Dockyard. Josias Jessop was responsible for the repair and maintenance of Rudyerd's Tower, a wooden lighthouse on the Eddystone Rock . He carried out this task for twenty years until 1755, when
3052-619: The River Trent . When the Cromford Canal was authorised in July 1789, there was concern that collieries which were located near it would thrive, at the expense of those nearer to Nottingham. There were also worries that the Erewash company would effectively have a monopoly on coal supplies, and might use this to increase prices. Convinced that these issues were not just idle speculation, Thomas Oldknow, John Morris and Henry Green lobbied for
3161-585: The Thames at Brentford , a length of ninety miles. Jessop was appointed Chief Engineer to the Canal Company in 1793. The canal was especially difficult to plan because, whereas other canals tended to follow river valleys and only crossed a watershed when unavoidable, the new canal had to cross the rivers Ouse, Nene and others. An aqueduct was built at Wolverton to carry the canal across the Ouse valley. Whilst
3270-533: The lighthouse burnt down. John Smeaton , a leading civil engineer , drew up plans for a new stone lighthouse and Josias became responsible for the overseeing the building work. The two men became close friends, and when Josias died in 1761, two years after the completion of the lighthouse, William Jessop was taken on as a pupil by Smeaton (who also acted as Jessop's guardian), working on various canal schemes in Yorkshire . Jessop worked as Smeaton's assistant for
3379-530: The "north". Nottinghamshire is home to the Sherwood Forest , known for its association with the legend of Robin Hood . Nottinghamshire contains the ancestral home of the poet Lord Byron , Newstead Abbey , which he sold in 1818. It is now owned by Nottingham City Council, and is open to the public. The acclaimed author D. H. Lawrence was from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire. Toton was
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3488-535: The 1950s. Completely encircling the Nottingham conurbation, it stretches for several miles into the surrounding districts, and extends into Derbyshire. Nottinghamshire, including the city of Nottingham, is represented by eleven members of parliament ; nine for the Labour Party , one Conservative and one Reform UK MP. Following the 2021 County Council election , the Conservative Party make up
3597-470: The Chief Engineer for the docks, with Ralph Walker as his assistant. In 1799 separate proposals were put forward for a canal from London to Portsmouth and for a tramway carrying horse-drawn carriages over the same route. The first part of the proposed Surrey Iron Railway was to be from Wandsworth to Croydon , and Jessop was asked for his opinion on the two opposing schemes. He declared that
3706-557: The Corporation declined. Green's work was overseen by Jessop, and in September 1791, Jessop had produced a route and an estimated cost. The first route had passed to the west of Wollaton Park , but Lord Middleton had insisted that unless it ran on the eastern side of his park, he would oppose the whole plan. Although this route was more expensive to construct, the eastern route was chosen. The committee accepted Jessop's estimate at
3815-604: The Countryside Agency, Nottinghamshire County Council and Awsworth Angling Club. Because of the rich habitat that the route provides, it was declared a local nature reserve in 1993. Sections of wetland habitat and open water have been created by dredging, but a major part of the council's task has been to provide alternative supplies of water, since the Eastwood section is cut off from the Langley Mill basin and
3924-480: The Cromford Canal and the Nottingham Canal was good, to the benefit of both companies. A brief attempt to poach traffic from the Erewash Canal in 1797 by undercutting their rates was a financial disaster, leading to an agreement to charge the authorised tolls for goods on both canals, and not to try to entice customers from each other. Once the mortgage was redeemed in 1804, the company agreed to pay dividends to
4033-553: The Greasley Estate, covers 38 acres (15 ha) and is up to 30 feet (9.1 m) deep in places, was built by the Nottingham Canal and is still owned by the Canal and River Trust. The section of Nottingham Canal between the River Trent just downstream of Trent Bridge and Lenton, together with the Beeston Cut from Lenton back to the Trent at Beeston Weir, remains in use as the Beeston and Nottingham Canal. This forms part of
4142-530: The Nottingham Canal or the Grantham Canal , which had made the same agreement with the original railway company. After several court cases and an appeal to the House of Lords , the sale was agreed, and the final committee meeting of the canal company was held on 4 April 1856. A dividend of £1 and 10 shillings (£1.50) was paid on the original shares, but the shareholders only received £50 per share in cash from
4251-1035: The Nottinghamshire LEA in 2007. The best results were from the West Bridgford School , closely followed by Rushcliffe Spencer Academy and the Minster School in Southwell . In Nottingham, the best results came from the Trinity Catholic School and the Fernwood School in Wollaton . At A-level , the highest performing institution was The Becket School , followed by the West Bridgford School. Some of Nottingham city best results tend to come from Nottingham High School , closely followed by
4360-883: The River Erewash into the canal. Further development of the canal as an amenity took place in 1998, when the towpath and a number of bridleways connecting to the towpath were given public right of way status. The canal is well-used, by walkers, cyclists, and naturalists, with some sections available to anglers and horse riders. Nottinghamshire County Council have assisted with upgrading the towpath to provide disability access where possible. Download coordinates as: [REDACTED] Media related to Nottingham Canal at Wikimedia Commons 52°57′18″N 1°16′43″W / 52.9550°N 1.2787°W / 52.9550; -1.2787 ( Approx mid point ) Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire ( / ˈ n ɒ t ɪ ŋ ə m ʃ ər , - ʃ ɪər / ; abbreviated Notts. )
4469-608: The Robbinetts Arm, were altered in 1994, which was celebrated by the Robbinetts Action Group, a pressure group campaigning against such strip mining. In the 1990s, the feeder from Moorgreen Reservoir was dredged, so that the reservoir could again supply water to the bottom end of the Cromford Canal and the Great North Basin at Langley Mill. The reservoir, which is now managed as a carp fishery by
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4578-415: The September meeting, and a public meeting was arranged on 25 October, where there was enthusiastic support for the new canal. They agreed to limit dividends to ten per-cent, and negotiations with the Cromford Canal company resulted in an agreement for the Nottingham company to build reservoirs which would feed into the Cromford Canal, so that water could pass into the Nottingham Canal at its northern end. It
4687-488: The Soar, Erewash, and Idle, composed of many streams from Sherwood Forest, run through wide and flat valleys, merging at Misterton . A point just north of Newtonwood Lane, on the boundary with Derbyshire is the highest point in Nottinghamshire; at 205 metres (673 feet), while Silverhill , a spoil heap left by the former Silverhill colliery, a human-made point often cited as the highest, reaches 204 metres (669 feet). The lowest
4796-687: The Trent Navigation pledged to pursue a bill to improve the river. When an act of Parliament , the Nottingham Canal Act 1792, was granted in May that year there were great celebrations in Nottingham. The Nottingham Canal Act 1792 ( 32 Geo. 3 . c. 100) created the Nottingham Canal Company, who could raise £50,000 by issuing shares of £100, and could raise another £25,000 by obtaining a mortgage or by assigning
4905-468: The Trent and Mersey ended, via the Erewash, Beeston and Nottingham to the Trent below Nottingham. The Trent Navigation also argued against it, because they wanted to build the Beeston Cut themselves. Complicated negotiations followed, in which the Beeston Cut was dropped from the bill, on the understanding that the Trent Navigation would then apply to build it, and the Trent Canal bill was withdrawn when
5014-628: The United Kingdom. Nottingham had a GDP per-capita of £17,373, North Nottinghamshire £10,176, and South Nottinghamshire £8,448. In October 2005, the United Kingdom had 4.7% unemployment, the East Midlands 4.4%, and the Nottingham commuter belt area 2.4%. The county has comprehensive secondary education with 47 state secondary schools , as well as 10 private schools . The City of Nottingham local education authority (LEA) has 18 state schools and six independent schools, not including sixth form colleges . A total of 9,700 pupils took GCSEs in
5123-482: The abandoned section of the canal, the towpath is used by walkers, cyclists and naturalists, with some parts used for angling and horse riding. Car parks have been provided, and Nottinghamshire County Council have assisted with making the towpath accessible to the disabled. The idea for the canal first arose in 1790. Prior to that time, supplies of coal for Nottingham travelled down the Erewash Canal and along
5232-451: The all-female Nottingham High School for Girls , both of which are privately run. Worksop College is another private school near to Worksop . The University of Nottingham is a Russell Group university and well-renowned, offering one of the broadest selections of courses in the UK. Nottingham Trent University is one of the most successful post-1992 universities in the UK. Nottingham
5341-472: The birthplace and home of English folk singer-songwriter Anne Briggs , well known for her song Black Waterside . The north of the county is also noteworthy for its connections with the Pilgrim Fathers . William Brewster , for example, came from the village of Scrooby, and was influenced by Richard Clyfton , who preached at Babworth . Nottinghamshire has international twinning arrangements with
5450-600: The bridge and cottages originates from the fact that this particular part of the canal is where large quantities of swans used to congregate. Due to the lack of water in 1980 a decision was taken by the garden centre and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) to relocate them. Broxtowe Council are helped by several organisations in the management of the canal, including Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust , The British Trust for Nature Conservation Volunteers,
5559-447: The canal joined the Cromford Canal. 14 of the locks were concentrated in a flight at Wollaton, with a long, level section beyond that to Langley. There were a number of short branches. The Bilborough Arm was constructed from the main line, above Wollaton locks, to a wharf in Bilborough wood, from where tramways ran to Bilborough and Strelley collieries. The branch was privately owned, and was operational from mid 1799, but by 1813, much of it
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#17328021469815668-416: The canal to a railway company, rather than see continual decline, and the Ambergate and Manchester Railway agreed to pay £225 for each canal share, within six months of opening their line. However, the railway company amalgamated with two others, becoming the Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway . They opened a line from Nottingham to Grantham in July 1850, but then refused to buy either
5777-653: The canal, but were accused of interfering with the canal while they were building their line, and the Nottingham Canal obtained an injunction. As part of the negotiations, the company agreed to the construction of an interchange basin near to Nottingham Station. Although the station did not open until 1842, the canal company started to reduce tolls in mid 1840, to retain traffic against railway competition. Despite these efforts, income soon began to fall, from £12,536 in 1841 to £5,981 in 1852. Some workers were dismissed, salaries were reduced, and other cost-cutting initiatives were made. The company decided that it would be better to sell
5886-399: The centrepiece of the city's Castle Wharf area. This area, formerly the home to quays and warehouses, has been redeveloped with waterside bars and restaurants in the old warehouse buildings, as well as new offices and residential properties. In 1977 Broxtowe Borough Council bought a 6 miles (9.7 km) stretch of the top pound, running from Eastwood through Awsworth, Cossall and Trowell to
5995-402: The company had estimated. Tolls produced £2,614 in the year to April 1798. During that year, a packet boat began running between Nottingham and Cromford, and in 1798, a second boat provided a service between Nottingham and Leicester. Income from tolls increased to £4,647 in 1799/1800. Most of the traffic was coal, amounting to 89,500 tons out of a total of 114,227 tons carried. Co-operation between
6104-438: The county are: The Nottingham Post is the county's local newspaper. (post 1974) (post 1974) The traditional county town, and the largest settlement in the historic and ceremonial county boundaries, is the City of Nottingham . The city is now administratively independent, but towns including Arnold , Carlton , West Bridgford , Beeston , and Stapleford are still within the administrative county, and West Bridgford
6213-650: The county developed malting and woollen industries. King William I the Conqueror in 1066 made Sherwood Forest a Royal Forest for hunting which was frequently visited by the Mercian and later Kings. William's 1086 Domesday Book identified certain areas in Nottinghamshire being under the land of King Edward the Confessor these included Mansfield and Sutton in Ashfield , amongst other places including Skegby , Dunham-on-Trent , East Drayton , East Markham , Farnsfield , Warsop , Carburton , Edwinstowe , Carlton-on-Trent , Budby , Perlethorpe and Walesby . King John's Palace ruin near Kings Clipstone
6322-405: The county. The East Coast Main Line from London to Doncaster , Leeds , York , Newcastle upon Tyne , and Scotland serves the eastern Nottinghamshire towns of Newark and Retford. The M1 motorway runs through the county, connecting Nottingham to London, Leeds, and Leicester by road. The A1 road follows for the most part the path of the Great North Road, although in places it diverges from
6431-481: The county; ITV Central also covers regional news in the county. Northern parts of the county such as Worksop and Retford in the Bassetlaw and Mansfield receive a better signals from the Emley Moor TV transmission so the area is covered by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire (West). Ashfield and parts of Newark get better signals from the Belmont TV tranmsitter that broadcast BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire (East). Radio stations for
6540-461: The entrance becoming blocked with sand. Building the lock close to the river would ensure that the sand was flushed away whenever the lock was emptied. The town section was officially opened on 30 July 1793, giving access to wharves, although there was still much work to be completed. To the east of Leen Bridge, a weir was constructed, to feed water into the Brewery Arm, an enlargement of the river channel. At its far end, another weir overflowed back into
6649-500: The existence of landscape features such as roads, milestones , tollbars , parkland, and mills. Nottinghamshire saw a slight change to its overall boundary in the extreme northern part of the county in 1974, when the villages of Blaxton , Finningley and Auckley (part) were merged into the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire . Nottinghamshire, like Derbyshire , and South Yorkshire, sits on extensive coal measures, up to 900 metres (3,000 feet ) thick, and occurring largely in
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#17328021469816758-453: The first experimental waggonways in the world; an example of this is the Wollaton wagonway of 1603–1616, which transported minerals from bell pitt mining areas at Strelley and Bilborough , this led to canals and railways being constructed in the county, and the lace and cotton industries grew. In the 18th and 19th centuries, mechanised deeper collieries opened, and mining became an important economic sector, though these declined after
6867-453: The historic boundaries of Nottinghamshire. These airports serve the county and several of its neighbours. Together, the airports have services to most major European destinations, and East Midlands Airport now also has services to North America and the Caribbean . As well as local bus services throughout the county, Nottingham and its suburbs have a tram system, Nottingham Express Transit . Nottingham and its surrounding areas form part of
6976-402: The historic route where towns have been bypassed. Retford was by-passed in 1961, and Newark-on-Trent was by-passed in 1964, and the A1 now runs between Retford and Worksop past the village of Ranby . Many historic coaching inns can still be seen along the traditional route. East Midlands Airport is just outside the county in Leicestershire , while Doncaster Sheffield Airport lies within
7085-451: The legal costs, but they could not pay, and the claim was dropped in 1828. In January 1826, the company prosecuted Hooton and Bradshaw for running a steam packet boat, which was forbidden by a regulation passed the previous May. However, the operators of the vessel protested, and the company changed their policy in May 1826, so that steam boats could be run at their discretion. The Midland Counties Railway Act 1837 included clauses to protect
7194-493: The line of the canal afterwards. Also in 1976, children from Fernwood Junior School, Wollaton, created a nature trail along the bed of the canal near Wollaton colliery, and Browtowe Council announced that they were hoping to buy 5 miles (8.0 km) of the canal for £7,350. The canal society began holding working parties to trim hedges, repair bridges, and mend the canal banks from April 1977, once ownership had passed from British Waterways to Browtowe Council. They also campaigned for
7303-406: The main line at Lenton in Nottingham to rejoin the River Trent upstream of Nottingham, thus bypassing the difficult section of navigation through Trent Bridge. The section of the main line between Trent Bridge and Lenton, together with the Beeston Cut, is still in use, forming part of the navigation of the River Trent and sometimes referred to as the Nottingham & Beeston Canal . The remainder of
7412-420: The main line of the canal beyond Lenton has been abandoned and partially filled. The canal leaves the River Trent by Meadow Lane Lock and runs close to Nottingham city centre, serving a number of wharves in the city. It rises through Castle Lock, overlooked by Nottingham Castle , and then continues to Lenton. From here the Beeston Cut continues to Beeston Lock, where it reenters the River Trent. Also from Lenton,
7521-445: The majority of it was short-haul traffic, passing from the Trent to the Nottingham wharves, or using the Beeston Cut. There were regular complaints about a lack of water in the section from Lenton to Trent Lock, but the Great Northern did nothing to address the issues. Commercial traffic on the upper reaches above Lenton Lock ceased in 1928. The Great Northern Railway had become part of the London and North Eastern Railway Company, when
7630-407: The navigation of the River Trent, with the river itself no longer navigable between Trent Bridge and Beeston Weir. This section was not originally built with a towpath, but in 1976, the Nottinghamshire Leisure Services Committee approved plans to construct one. The work took six years to complete, and was opened by Illtyd Harrington of British Waterways on 9 June 1982, at a ceremony also attended by
7739-474: The new course of the Leen. A second arm, the Poplar Arm, was made using water channels on Eastcroft Meadow, and joined the Brewery Arm. The cost of building the canal onwards from Lenton exceeded Jessop's estimate, and by September 1794, this had been paid for by calling £140 on each of the £100 shares. Further calls were made, and had reached £150 in March 1795. In February 1795, sections of the new cut were damaged, when seven weeks of severe frost were followed by
7848-659: The next phase was authorized for a line from Croydon via Merstham to Godstone in Surrey. Jessop was again appointed Chief Engineer, with his son Josias as his assistant. The line reached Merstham but was never continued to Godstone. The total distance of the tramway from Wandsworth was 18 miles (29 km). The tramway was eventually overtaken by the advent of steam locomotives. From 1784 to 1805 Jessop lived in Newark in Nottinghamshire, where he twice served as town mayor. In his later life, Jessop became increasingly inflicted by
7957-695: The north of the county, is also an Anglo-Saxon market town which grew rapidly in the Industrial Revolution , with the arrival of canals and railways and the discovery of coal. Other market towns include Arnold, Bingham , Hucknall , Kirkby-in-Ashfield , Tuxford , Retford and Sutton-in-Ashfield . The main railway in the county is the Midland Main Line , which links London to Sheffield via Nottingham. The Robin Hood Line between Nottingham and Worksop serves several villages in
8066-553: The north of the county. There is an oilfield near Eakring . These are overlaid by sandstones and limestones in the west, and clay in the east. The north of the county is part of the Humberhead Levels lacustrine plain . The centre and south west of the county, around Sherwood Forest, features undulating hills with ancient oak woodland. Principal rivers are the Trent , Idle , Erewash , and Soar . The Trent, fed by
8175-478: The now disused main line rose through a further 17 locks to reach a long upper pound. At its upper end, a stop lock connected it to the Great Northern Basin , which provided access to the Erewash Canal and the Cromford Canal . Construction began in 1792 and was completed in 1796, overrunning its budget by 77%. Traffic increased slowly, but from 1804 was sufficient to enable dividends to be paid to
8284-468: The original water supply from Moorgreen Reservoir by an infilled section, and there is a 2-mile (3.2 km) gap caused by open cast mining between Eastwood and Awsworth, which has destroyed the link with the water supply from Giltbrook. The need to dispose of rainwater when the Awsworth Bypass was built in 1995 provided one new source, and in 1998, an electric pump was installed to pump water from
8393-476: The outer edge of the city of Nottingham at Bramcote. On the Trowell section are the remains of Swansea bridge, one of the original stone bridges, which is Grade II listed , was built in 1793–95, and has wooden keep gates. The view from the bridge overlooks Trowell Garden Centre where you can see the original stone built lock keepers cottages, 1&2 Swansea Cottages, Trowell, built in 1794–95. The name Swansea for
8502-553: The post of engineer to the Lancaster Canal Company, an appointment that helped to establish Rennie's reputation. When Jessop was consulting engineer to the Ellesmere Canal Company, in 1793, the company appointed the relatively unknown Thomas Telford as resident engineer. Telford had no previous experience as a designer of canals, but with Jessop's advice and guidance, Telford made a success of
8611-669: The project. He supported Telford, even when the Company thought that the latter's designs for aqueducts were too ambitious. In 1789 Jessop was appointed chief engineer to the Cromford Canal Company. The proposed canal was intended to carry limestone, coal and iron ore from the Derwent and upper Erewash valleys and join the nearby Erewash Canal. The important features of this canal are the Derwent Viaduct, which
8720-608: The province of Wielkopolska ( Greater Poland ) in western Poland , and with the province's capital city, Poznań . In 2002, Crocus nudiflorus (Autumn crocus) was voted by the public as the county flower of Nottinghamshire. Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club (NCCC) are a first class county cricket club who play at Trent Bridge in West Bridgford . They won the County Championship in 2010. The most successful football team within Nottinghamshire
8829-650: The railways were grouped in 1923, and they abandoned the main line of the canal in 1937. However, they leased the remaining section between Lenton and Trent Lock to the Trent Navigation Company from 1936, with an option to buy in due course, and it was purchased in 1946, to officially become part of the River Trent Navigation . Ownership passed to the British Transport Commission with the nationalisation of
8938-422: The remainder of the main line the following year. The Trent Navigation Company bought their section outright in 1946, whilst Nottingham City Council bought the section from Lenton to the city limits and began filling it in from 1955. Broxtowe Borough Council subsequently bought 6 miles (9.7 km) of the upper section with the intention of retaining it as a public amenity. There was a brief attempt at re-opening
9047-475: The route in June 1791, as well as a branch from Lenton across Beeston Meadows to join the Trent at Beeston. This would allow traffic on the river to bypass Trent Bridge, where passage was difficult, and to pass the wharves in Nottingham. When the Erewash Canal company learnt of the proposal, they approached Nottingham Corporation about them building a route from Beeston through Nottingham to the Trent, but at this stage
9156-573: The sale, as the rest was paid in railway shares. Further amalgamations followed, and the canal was owned by the Great Northern Railway by 1861. The Great Northern did little maintenance of the canal, and its condition slowly deteriorated. In 1916, the canal still carried 123,488 tons of traffic, with general merchandise accounting for 31,887 tons, coal at 17,133 tons, gravel at 16,819 tons, roadstone at 16,166 tons and manure at 14,731 tons. Tolls generated by this traffic were £1,028, but
9265-423: The section up to lock 19 was drained and culverted in 1966. On 23 September 1964, a section of the top pound was drained, between Trowell and Wollaton, and a large portion of the remainder, between Awsworth and Bailey Grove, was subsequently destroyed by opencast coal mining. Most of the route through the city has subsequently been built over. The final section from Derby Road to Lenton Chain was, however, re-used as
9374-524: The shareholders, at a rate of £12 per £150 share. These were paid twice a year, but from time to time a third payment was made, to reduce the backlog of payments, which were nine years in arrears on the date when the first payment was made. By 1830, tolls raised £9,879, and in 1840, this had risen to £12,825. The company warehouse near Wilford Street, Nottingham, was destroyed on 28 September 1818 by an explosion, which resulted in two men dying. The Nottingham Boat Company had delivered 21 barrels of gunpowder, and
9483-559: The shareholders. Competition from the railways began in the early 1840s, and rather than face continual decline, the company sold the canal to the Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway . A series of amalgamations took place, and by 1923, the canal was owned by the Great Northern Railway (GNR). The GNR leased the section from Lenton to the Trent to the Trent Navigation Company in 1936, and abandoned
9592-504: The successful Cromford Canal . A possible route had already been suggested by Lord Middleton, owner of Wollaton Hall and coal mines at Wollaton, but Jessop discounted this, on the basis that it would involve lengths of deep cutting and some tunnelling. Jessop then became ill, and suggested that the survey could be carried out by James Green, who worked for Lord Middleton at Wollaton. The committee decide to wait for Jessop to recover, but after six months, they relented and asked Green to survey
9701-735: The surface to build it. Jessop built the Butterley Reservoir above the tunnel, extending for 50 acres (20 ha). In 1790 Jessop founded, jointly with partners Benjamin Outram , Francis Beresford and John Wright, the Butterley Iron Works in Derbyshire to manufacture (amongst other things) cast-iron edge rails – a design Jessop had used successfully on a horse-drawn railway scheme for coal wagons between Nanpantan and Loughborough , Leicestershire (1789). Outram
9810-533: The three-arch stone aqueduct was being built, a set of nine temporary locks were used to carry the canal down one side of the valley and up the other. The aqueduct failed in 1808, and was replaced by an iron one in 1811, the iron trough design sharing a similar structure to Longdon-on-Tern Aqueduct and the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct built by Thomas Telford . It is known as the Cosgrove aqueduct and
9919-422: The tolls, if required. The company were to build reservoirs which would feed into the Cromford Canal, in compensation for the water taken from that canal at Langley Mill. Jessop's original estimate for the cost of the works, excluding the Beeston Cut, had been £45,185 (£4,900,000 in 2015 ). Jessop was appointed engineer, with Green as superintendent, overseeing the day-to-day operation of the project. Benjamin Outram
10028-645: The tramway was a better scheme, as a canal would require too much water and would unduly reduce the supply in the River Wandle . It was agreed to build a tramway from Wandsworth to Croydon, as well a building a basin at Wandsworth. Jessop was appointed Chief Engineer of the project in 1801. In 1802 the Wandsworth Basin and the line were completed. There seems to be doubt as to the gauge of the line with some estimates stating 4 ft 2 in (1.27 m) and others stating 4 ft 8½ in. In 1803,
10137-511: The upper section for navigation, but subsequent road construction and the destruction of the canal bed by open-cast mining have made that impractical. The main line of the canal from Trent Bridge to Lenton, together with the Beeston Cut from Lenton back to the Trent is still used by boats, as well as walkers on the towpath. In central Nottingham, the Castle Wharf area has been redeveloped with waterside bars and restaurants. On some parts of
10246-454: The waterways in 1948, and then to British Waterways in 1963. Since 2012, it has been managed by the Canal & River Trust . Although abandoned, the unused canal still caused some problems. There were complaints that in times of heavy rainfall, the canal caused surrounding areas in the city to flood, and so Nottingham City Council bought the section running through the city in 1952. From 1955,
10355-443: The west and Leen Bridge, a series of flood arches to the east. The river bed was enlarged to form the canal, while the river was diverted into a new covered channel further to the north. The flood arches were replaced by a new bridge, and the canal turned sharply to the south, to join the Trent. The proprietors wanted a basin where the canal joined the river, with a lock above that, but Jessop argued that such an arrangement would lead to
10464-401: The whole length of the canal was open. The work had cost £80,000, and most of the proprietors resigned soon afterwards. The share issue was topped up by borrowing £5,000 as a mortgage, which had been repaid by 1804. As built, the canal was 14.75 miles (23.7 km) long, and rose through 19 locks, each 85 feet (26 m) by 14.5 feet (4.4 m), with an additional stop lock at Langley, where
10573-468: Was a royal residence for King John , the area being near to Sherwood Forest . King John's Palace was a place where King William the Lion of Scotland met King Richard I of England to congratulate him on his return from the crusades. King John died at Newark Castle in 1216. During the Industrial Revolution , the county held much needed minerals such as coal and iron ore , and had constructed some of
10682-685: Was a single span viaduct carrying the canal over the River Derwent , and the Butterley Tunnel (formerly the Ripley Tunnel). In 1793, the Derwent Viaduct partially collapsed, and Jessop shouldered the blame, saying that he had not made the front walls strong enough. He had the viaduct repaired and strengthened at his own expense. The Butterley Tunnel was 2,966 yards (2712m) long, 9 ft (2.7 m) wide and 8 ft (2.4 m) high and required thirty-three shafts to be sunk from
10791-489: Was carried out on the swing bridge at Bailey Grove, Eastwood and on Tinsley Road bridge, but in early 1979, Nottinghamshire County Council declared that the cost of a navigable bridge on the Awsworth Bypass would be £428,000. As that amount of money was not available, there would be no navigable culvert, and as that effectively prevented the canal reopening for navigation, the canal society was wound up soon afterwards. Plans for further open-cast mining, which would have destroyed
10900-469: Was closely involved with the canal in Ireland until about 1787, after which time, other work flowed in. Jessop was a very modest man, who did not seek self-aggrandizement . Unlike other engineers, he was not jealous of rising young engineers, but rather encouraged them. He would also recommend another engineer if he was too busy to be able to undertake a commission himself. He recommended John Rennie for
11009-555: Was completed. The Grand Junction Canal was enormously important in encouraging trade between London and the Midlands. The West India Docks , built on the Isle of Dogs , was the first large wet docks built in the Port of London . Between 1800 and 1802 a wet dock area of 295 acres (1.19 km ) was created with a depth of 24 ft (7.3 m), and accommodating 600 ships. Jessop was
11118-521: Was concerned with the production of ironwork and equipment for Jessop's engineering projects. The Oxford Canal had been built by James Brindley and carried coal to large parts of southern England. However it did not provide a sufficiently direct route between the Midlands and London. As a result, a new canal was proposed to run from the Oxford Canal at Braunston , near Rugby , and to end at
11227-466: Was created through a design competition organised by BBC Radio Nottingham , and registered with the vexillological charity the Flag Institute in 2011. It consists of a green field, on which is a red cross fimbriated (bordered) with white, on which a white shield containing the green figure of an archer is superimposed. BBC East Midlands is based in Nottingham and broadcasts news around
11336-456: Was designed and built by Benjamin Bevan . Two tunnels also had to be built, at Braunston and Blisworth . The Blisworth Tunnel caused great problems, and was unfinished when the rest of the canal was ready. In fact Jessop considered abandoning it and using locks to carry the canal over the ridge. Jessop's temporary solution was a railway line laid over the ridge to carry traffic until the tunnel
11445-455: Was given the task of calculating the water supply. He looked at the volumes of water flowing into the Erewash Canal and supplying mills on the Erewash, such as Langley Mill, and also at flows in the steams feeding the reservoirs. Measurements were taken in the summer of 1793, when flows were considerably less than in the winter, so that the amount of water that could be taken could be computed more accurately. Reservoirs were built at Greasley, which
11554-514: Was no longer used and some of it had been filled in. The rest was abandoned around 1874. The Robinetts cut was located near Cossall, and was completed by 1796, while the Duke of Rutland 's collieries at Greasley and Fillingham were served by the Greasley Arm, which was built in 1800. Both branches were linked to the collieries by tramways. Trade built up steadily, although not quite at quickly as
11663-520: Was settled by Angles around the 5th century, and became part of the Kingdom, and later Earldom, of Mercia . However, there is evidence of Saxon settlement at the Broxtowe Estate, Oxton , near Nottingham, and Tuxford , east of Sherwood Forest . The name first occurs in 1016, but until 1568, the county was administratively united with Derbyshire, under a single Sheriff . In Norman times,
11772-402: Was sometimes called Moorgreen reservoir, and at Codnor Park, Butterley. Both fed water into the Cromford Canal, the first by a long feeder that entered the canal just above Langley Mill, while the second was a compensation reservoir, and was next to the canal, with only the towpath between them. Work began on 30 July 1792. The River Leen ran along the southern edge of the city between Lenton in
11881-424: Was the time of Canal Mania , and the initial offers for shares were over-subscribed. Amidst discontent from land owners, dividends were further limited to eight per-cent, the tolls on coal were reduced, and £20,000 of shares were set aside for purchase by the land owners. The bill was opposed by the Erewash Canal and the Trent and Mersey Canal , who were promoting a plan for the Trent Canal from Derwent Mouth, where
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