49-454: Beerfest is a 2006 American comedy film directed by Jay Chandrasekhar and written by the comedy group Broken Lizard (Chandrasekhar, Kevin Heffernan , Steve Lemme , Paul Soter , and Erik Stolhanske ), who also star in the film alongside Nat Faxon , Will Forte , Ralf Möller , Mo'Nique , Eric Christian Olsen , Jürgen Prochnow , Cloris Leachman , and Donald Sutherland . The film
98-627: A kippah ), but in Reform synagogues there is no requirement. However, kippot may be provided to anybody who wishes to wear them. The Kippah was not always as widely used as it is today: Promotional images used by the orthodox New York Yeshiva university show board members bareheaded as late as 1954. In the Middle Ages in Europe, the distinctive Jewish headgear was the Jewish hat ,
147-527: A kippah , is described as "honoring God". The Mishnah Berurah modifies this ruling by adding that the Achronim established a requirement to wear a head covering even when traversing fewer than four cubits, and even when one is standing still, indoors and outside. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch cites a story from the Talmud ( tractate Shabbat 156b) about Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak , who might have become
196-409: A kippah —when eating, praying, studying Jewish texts , or entering a sacred space such as a synagogue or cemetery. The Reform movement has historically been opposed to wearing kippot , but wearing a kippah during Torah study and/or prayer has become more common and accepted as an option among Reform men and women. According to several authorities, however, the practice has since taken on
245-723: A camp sensibility lay behind the successful Carry On films , while in America subversive independent film-maker John Waters made camp films for college audiences with his drag queen friends that eventually found a mainstream audience. The success of the American television show Saturday Night Live drove decades of cinema with racier content allowed on television drawing on the program's stars and characters, with bigger successes including Wayne's World , Mean Girls , Ghostbusters and Animal House . Parody and joke-based films continue to find audiences. While comedic films are among
294-590: A synagogue , or at other ceremonies, and others wear them rarely or never. The term kippah ( Hebrew : כיפה ) literally means "dome" as the kippah is worn on the head like a dome. The Yiddish term yarmlke ( Yiddish : יאַרמלקע ) might be derived from the Polish jarmułka or the Ukrainian yarmulka and perhaps ultimately from the Medieval Latin almutia ("cowl" or "hood"). The word
343-549: A 5–4 decision that active military members were required to remove the kippah indoors, citing uniform regulations that state only armed security police may keep their heads covered while indoors. Congress passed the Religious Apparel Amendment after a war story from the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing about the "camouflage kippah " of Jewish Navy Chaplain Arnold Resnicoff was read into
392-462: A Beer garden in Australia (wearing our police uniforms) and we went on stage and challenged the top five drinkers in the room to a chug off. The place exploded. We were winning, but then Paul Soter started drinking and we quickly lost. Then we had arm wrestling contests. Then Steve Lemme insulted national treasure, Russell Crowe and we had to be escorted out by security. We thought that would be
441-475: A celebration (bar/bat mitzvah or wedding). Kippot for women are also being made and worn. These are sometimes made of beaded wire to seem more feminine. A special baby kippah has two strings on each side to fasten it and is often used in a brit milah ceremony. The Israelites might have worn a headdress similar to that worn by the Bedouins , but it is unknown whether a fixed type of headdress
490-504: A full hat with a brim and a central point or stalk. Originally used by choice among Jews to distinguish themselves, it was later made compulsory by Christian governments in some places as a discriminatory measure. In the early 19th century in the United States, rabbis often wore a scholar's cap (large saucer-shaped caps of cloth, like a beret) or a Chinese skullcap. Other Jews of this era wore black pillbox-shaped kippot . Often,
539-503: A fun movie. The drinking beer part." Beerfest was theatrically released on August 25, 2006. Two versions of the film have been released on home media: the theatrical version and an unrated version. The unrated version runs ten minutes longer and includes another eight brief scenes. On Rotten Tomatoes , the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 107 reviews, with an average rating of 5.04/10. The website's critical consensus reads, " Beerfest features some laugh-inducing gags, but
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#1732790780355588-409: A male Conservative Jew ought to cover his head when in the synagogue, at prayer or sacred study, when engaging in a ritual act, and when eating. In the mid-19th century, Reformers led by Isaac Wise completely rejected the kippah after an altercation in which Rabbi Wise's kippah was knocked off his head. Nowadays, almost all Conservative synagogues require men to wear a head covering (usually
637-686: A separate genre, but rather, provides a better understanding of the film. Yarmulke A kippah (plural: kippot ), yarmulke , yamaka , skullcap , or koppel is a brimless cap , usually made of cloth, traditionally worn by Jewish males to fulfill the customary requirement that the head be covered . It is the most common type of head-covering worn by men in Orthodox Jewish communities during prayers and by most Orthodox Jewish men at most other times. Among non-Orthodox Jewish individuals, some wear them at most times, while most wear them only during prayer, while attending
686-397: A thief had his mother not saved him from this fate by insisting that he cover his head, which instilled in him the fear of God. In Orthodox communities, boys are encouraged to wear a kippah from a young age in order to ingrain the habit. The argument for the kippah has two sides. The Vilna Gaon said one can make a berakhah without a kippah , since wearing a kippah
735-538: A uniquely non-Jewish practice. Therefore, he posits, that Jews should be prohibited from behaving similarly and rules that wearing a kippah is required by Halacha. Other Halachic authorities, like the Sephardi posek Chaim Yosef David Azulai , hold that wearing a head covering is a midat hasidut —an additional measure of piety. In a recent responsum , former Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel Ovadia Yosef ruled that it should be worn to show affiliation with
784-434: Is idiotic, tasteless and irrepressibly good-natured in other words, a frat-house classic". Despite the statement at the end of Beerfest that Potfest is "coming soon", Broken Lizard intended this as a joke to get publicity. They have stated both that fans were very supportive of the title and that Broken Lizard may decide to make an animated film of the same name. In July 2012, Broken Lizard member Jay Chandraskehar revealed
833-479: Is not required, when a non-Jew wears a kippah in a synagogue, it is considered a sign of respect. Kippot are often provided to guests at a Bar or Bat Mitzvah . They are also often provided at bereavement events and at Jewish cemeteries . According to the Conservative Committee on Jewish Law and Standards , there is no halakhic reason to require a non-Jew to cover their head, but it
882-657: Is often associated with the phrase ירא מלכא ( yire malka ), formed from the Aramaic word for 'king' and the Hebrew root ירא , meaning 'fear'. Keppel or koppel is another Yiddish term for the same thing. Halachic authorities debate as to whether wearing a kippah at all times is required. According to Maimonides , Jewish law dictates that a man is required to cover his head during prayer. In non-Orthodox communities, some women also wear kippot , and people have different customs about when to wear
931-466: Is only a midos chassidus ("exemplary attribute"). In the 21st century, there has been an effort to suppress earlier sources that practiced this leniency, including erasing lenient responsa from newly published books. Or Zarua (13th century) wrote that "our rabbis in France" customarily made blessings while bareheaded, but he criticized this practice. According to 20th-century Rabbi Isaac Klein ,
980-599: Is too long and the pacing too uneven to form a coherent, functioning comedy." On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 46 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". David Jenkins in Time Out magazine wrote it "appears to have been conceived on the back of a beermat and its trashy direction, nonexistent plot and dismal comic mugging would seem to suggest that preparations progressed no further". Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times disagreed: "Best viewed while sloshed, Beerfest
1029-432: The kippah . Rabbi Abraham Shemtov , the leader of the group, responded: "Mr. President, the kippah to us is a sign of reverence." Rabbi Feller, another member of the group, continued: "We place the kippah on the very highest point of our being—on our head, the vessel of our intellect—to tell ourselves and the world that there is something which is above man's intellect: the infinite Wisdom of God." Passage of
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#17327907803551078-559: The Congressional Record . Catholic Chaplain George Pucciarelli tore off a piece of his Marine Corps uniform to replace Resnicoff's kippah when it had become blood-soaked after being used to wipe the faces of wounded Marines after the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing. This amendment was eventually incorporated into U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) regulations on the "Accommodation of Religious Practices Within
1127-503: The Smokefest might actually happen, and that Willie Nelson, Cheech of Cheech & Chong and Snoop Dogg agreed to appear in the movie. In June 2013, it was confirmed that the movie would be released after Super Troopers 2 . In 2014, it was confirmed that it would be a live action film rather than the proposed animated film. It was later announced, in 2016, that a Beerfest TV series will air on CW Seed . Beerfest: Thirst for Victory
1176-649: The Theresienwiese . There, the brothers unintentionally start an altercation that takes down an entire Oktoberfest tent. They then get led to the location of and participate in Beerfest, an underground drinking game tournament run by Baron Wolfgang von Wolfhausen, after discovering that the von Wolfhausens are related to the Wolfhouses, with the German team angrily denying the family ties, revealing that Johann
1225-456: The LGBT community, or in the colors of sports teams, especially football . In the United States, children's kippot featuring cartoon characters or themes such as Star Wars have become popular; in response to this trend, some Jewish schools have banned kippot with characters that do not conform to traditional Jewish values. Kippot have been inscribed on the inside as a souvenir for
1274-686: The Military Services". This story of the "camouflage kippah " was re-told at many levels, including a keynote speech by President Ronald Reagan to the Baptist Fundamentalism Annual Convention in 1984, and another time during a White House meeting between Reagan and the American Friends of Lubavitch. After recounting the Beirut story, Reagan asked them about the religious meaning of
1323-1089: The Religious Apparel Amendment and the subsequent DOD regulations were followed in 1997 by the passing of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA). However, the Supreme Court struck down RFRA as beyond Congress' powers to bind the states in the 1997 case City of Boerne v. Flores . RFRA is constitutional as applied to the Federal government, as seen in Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal . The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 (RLUIPA), 114 Stat. 804, 42 U. S. C. §2000cc-1(a)(1)-(2), upheld as constitutional in Cutter v. Wilkinson , 44 U.S. 709 (2005), requires by inference that Orthodox Jewish prisoners be reasonably accommodated in their request to wear kippot . The French government banned
1372-634: The Wolfhausens forge evidence that the brothers' restaurant has health issues to put them out of business. Fink quits the team, having been fired due to a slipping performance at the lab. Meanwhile, Landfill catches Great Gam Gam's caregiver Cherry stealing the beer recipe for the Germans. He overwhelms Cherry in a fight, but is pushed into a vat full of beer that drowns him due to the yeast ingredient submerging him. Minutes later, Jan discovers Landfill's body. Thinking Landfill committed suicide because of
1421-447: The big end of a racket was forcefully shoved up his anus. Sympathizing with Barry, Great Gam Gam encourages him to rise above it, causing him to relent and join the team. Shortly after, Landfill's Southern twin brother Gil reveals himself to the group and offers to join the team, which they accept. Like his brother; Gil can drink copious amounts of beer, stating that he taught his brother everything he knew about drinking, and he even invites
1470-675: The color and fabric of the kippah can be a sign of adherence to a specific religious movement, particularly in Israel. Knitted or crocheted kippot , known as kippot serugot , are usually worn by Religious Zionists and Modern Orthodox Jews. They also wear suede or leather kippot . Knitted kippot were first made in the late 1940s, and became popular after being worn by Rabbi Moshe-Zvi Neria . Members of most Haredi groups wear black velvet or cloth kippot . More recently, kippot in specific colors are sometimes worn to indicate political or community affiliation, such as
1519-421: The death of his brother, causing him to crack and the Germans to win. Jan offers the Germans a double or nothing opportunity, The family recipe and their family's brewery are put up for grabs. The Germans tell Jan they already have the recipe and thus no need for a rematch, but Fink points out that Cherry only stole a recipe for a low-carbohydrate strawberry beer, prompting Wolfgang to have Cherry killed. When one of
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1568-658: The earliest silent films were slapstick comedies , which often relied on visual depictions, such as sight gags and pratfalls, so they could be enjoyed without requiring sound. To provide drama and excitement to silent movies, live music was played in sync with the action on the screen, on pianos, organs, and other instruments. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films grew in popularity, as laughter could result from both burlesque situations but also from humorous dialogue . Comedy, compared with other film genres , places more focus on individual star actors, with many former stand-up comics transitioning to
1617-449: The eye. Swearing to get revenge on the Germans, Jan and Todd return to Colorado where they recruit their drinking friends from college— binge drinker Phil "Landfill" Krundle, Jewish scientist Charlie "Fink" Finklestein, and male prostitute Barry Badrinath—to assemble an American Beerfest team, though they do not divulge this to Great Gam Gam. During the team's year of training, Jan and Todd find out that their grandfather did not steal
1666-520: The family beer recipe, but was actually the rightful heir to the family brewery in Bavaria . The team uses the rediscovered recipe to brew Schnitzengiggle Beer, whose delicious taste fills them with awe. After the German team receive a bottle of Schnitzengiggle in the mail, the Wolfhausen clan goes to America to take the recipe back. Following a confrontation between the Wolfhausens and Jan and Todd,
1715-515: The film industry due to their popularity. In The Screenwriters Taxonomy (2017), Eric R. Williams contends that film genres are fundamentally based upon a film's atmosphere, character, and story, and therefore, the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be considered a genre. Instead, his taxonomy argues that comedy is a type of film that contains at least a dozen different sub-types. A number of hybrid genres have emerged, such as action comedy and romantic comedy . The first comedy film
1764-462: The force of law because it is an expression of yir'at Shamayim ("reverence for Heaven"; i.e., respect for God ). The 17th-century authority David HaLevi Segal holds that the reason is to enforce the Halachic rule to avoid practices unique to non-Jews . Segal reasons that, as Europeans are accustomed to going bareheaded, and their priests insist on officiating with bare heads, this constitutes
1813-754: The most popular with audiences at the box office, there is an 'historical bias against a close and serious consideration of comedy' when it comes to critical reception and conferring of awards, such as at the Academy Awards . Film writer Cailian Savage observes "Comedies have won Oscars, although they’ve usually been comedy-dramas, involved very depressing scenes, or appealed to stone-hearted drama lovers in some other way, such as Shakespeare in Love ." According to Williams' taxonomy , all film descriptions should contain their type (comedy or drama) combined with one (or more) sub-genres. This combination does not create
1862-419: The other members of the team to call him "Landfill" in his memory. In Germany, the team uses an empty wooden keg as a Trojan Horse to get inside, where they emerge to boos and jeers. The Americans are allowed to participate after Jan and Todd show how uncannily they resemble the two Beerfest founders, thus convincing the crowd of their von Wolfhausen ancestry. In the finals (bootline chug), Cherry gibes Gil about
1911-637: The religiously observant community. The Talmud states, "Cover your head in order that the fear of heaven may be upon you." Rabbi Hunah ben Joshua never walked four cubits (6.6 feet (2.0 m)) with his head uncovered, saying "because the Divine Presence is always over my head." This was understood by Rabbi Yosef Karo in the Shulchan Arukh as indicating that Jewish men should cover their heads and should not walk more than four cubits bareheaded. Covering one's head, such as by wearing
1960-404: The strain that his involvement was putting on their marriage, the team decides to disband. After the funeral, Great Gam Gam reveals that she knew about Beerfest the entire time. She then motivates the bereaved team with a rousing speech, and everyone except Barry change their minds. Barry explains that he cannot join due to a traumatizing incident years ago during a game of table tennis , in which
2009-512: The use of comedy film to make social statements by building their narratives around sensitive cultural, political or social issues. Such films include Dr Strangelove, or How I Learned to Love the Bomb , Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? and The Graduate . In America, the sexual revolution drove an appetite for comedies that celebrated and parodied changing social morals, including Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and Fanny Hill . In Britain,
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2058-492: The von Wolfhausens knocks off Fink's yarmulke , he enters into a state of purely concentrated rage which allows him to coach the team to victory, barely gaining the win when the German team's anchor fails to finish "Das Boot" ( beer boot ) by one drop, breaking a tie between them. Beerfest was filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico . When asked about where the concept for the film came from, Jay Chandrasekhar said "We were at
2107-564: The wearing of kippot , hijabs , and large crosses in public primary and secondary schools in France in March 2004. The government of Quebec , Canada passed "An Act respecting the laicity of the State" in June 2019, which prohibits the wearing of "religious symbols" by government employees including teachers, police officers, judges, prosecutors, and members of certain commissions. Though it
2156-414: Was L'Arroseur Arrosé (1895), directed and produced by film pioneer Louis Lumière . Less than a minute long, it shows a boy playing a prank on a gardener. The most notable comedy actors of the silent film era (1895–1927) were Charlie Chaplin , Harold Lloyd , and Buster Keaton , though they were able to make the transition into “ talkies ” after the 1920s. Film-makers in the 1960s skillfully employed
2205-462: Was a stable boy who stole the recipe for " ze greatest beer in all ze world" decades ago and ran away with his prostitute mother (the brothers' great grandmother), Great Gam Gam and then killing the man who brought them. Enraged by the mockery of their ancestors, Jan and Todd challenge the Germans to a drinking game. The brothers' defeat humiliates them in front of everybody, with Wolfgang pouring their grandfather's ashes on them and Jan gets punched in
2254-681: Was customary with the Assyrians and Babylonians, for example, whose fashions likely influenced the costume of the Israelites—particularly during and after the Babylonian Exile . In Yemen, the wrap around the cap was called מַצַר , matzar ; the head covering worn by women was a גַּרגוּש , gargush . In Goldman v. Weinberger , 475 U.S. 503 (1986), the United States Supreme Court ruled in
2303-448: Was released as a television film in 2018, with no involvement from Broken Lizard. Comedy film The comedy film is a film genre that emphasizes humor . These films are designed to amuse audiences and make them laugh. Films in this genre typically have a happy ending , with dark comedy being an exception to this rule. Comedy is one of the oldest genres in film, and it is derived from classical comedy in theatre . Some of
2352-522: Was theatrically released on August 25, 2006. The film's continual reference to a drinking game named "Das Boot" (drinking from a huge boot-shaped glass ) is a tongue-in-cheek reference to the German co-star Jürgen Prochnow who was the star of the German film Das Boot ("The Boat"). At the funeral of their German-born grandfather Johann von Wolfhausen, half-wit brothers Jan and Todd Wolfhouse discover that family tradition demands that they travel to Munich at Oktoberfest to spread his cremated ashes at
2401-490: Was used. That the headdress of the Israelites might have been in the fellah style may be inferred from the use of the noun צַנִיף , tzanif (the verb tzanaf meaning "to roll like a ball", Isaiah 22:18) and by the verb חַבָּש , habash ("to wind", compare Ezekiel 16:10; Jonah 2:6). As to the form of such turbans, nothing is known, and they may have varied according to the different classes of society. This
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