50-408: Behat is an ancient town, near Saharanpur and nagar panchayat of Saharanpur district on the northernmost tip of northwestern Uttar Pradesh , India. It is located on NH-709B on the banks of Eastern Yamuna Canal, about 30 km (18 miles) north of Saharanpur, 190 km (118 miles) from New Delhi , and 77 km (48 miles) from Haridwar . It has an average elevation of 345 m above sea level. It is famous for
100-691: A Municipal Commissioner or secretary . They functions as the chief executive officer of the municipal corporation. These officials are tasked with the day-to-day operations, implementing policies, and ensuring the efficient delivery of essential services. Executive officers monitor the implementation of all the programs related to planning and development of the corporation with the coordination of mayor and councilors. The municipal corporations consists departments like health, general administration, revenue, engineering, town planning, welfare, education, etc. The officials of these departments, like health inspectors, engineers, and administrative officers, are appointed by
150-459: A Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor. The tenure of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor and Council is five years. However, in seven states: Haryana , Bihar , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Madhya Pradesh , Odisha , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand ; Mayors are directly elected by the people and thus hold the executive powers of the municipal corporations. The administrative machinery is further supported by
200-538: A buried town 5.18 m (17 ft) below the surrounding country and 7.62 m (25 ft) under the preexisting site while supervising the redesign of the Eastern Yamuna Canal (then known as the Doab Canal). The township was from pre- Indo Scythian times according to archaeological evidence found there. Cautley also found a large number of Indo Scythian coins and other pieces of evidence about the existence of
250-771: A feeling of nationalism and national unity by promoting the concept of Hindu-Muslim unity and a united India. Muslim scholars in the city of Saharanpur were active supporters of this ideology and went on to establish the Mazahir Uloom theological seminary six months later. Saharanpur is located at 29°58′N 77°33′E / 29.97°N 77.55°E / 29.97; 77.55 , about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south-southeast of Chandigarh , 170 kilometres (110 mi) north-northeast of Delhi , 65 kilometres (40 mi) north-northeast of Shamli and about 61 kilometres (38 mi) south-west of Dehradun . It has an average elevation of 291 metres (955 ft). Saharanpur
300-852: A five-year term. The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently Ms.Gazal Bharadwaj, while the head of the elected wing is the mayor , Dr Ajay Kumar Singh, from the BJP . The city is also part of the Saharanpur Lok Sabha constituency, which elected Imran Masood from the Indian National Congress in 2024 as the Member of Parliament , and part of the Saharanpur Assembly constituency that elected Ashu Malik from
350-577: A large Buddhist settlement. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , a police station was established in Behat. Towards the end of the 19th century, the town had a post office and an upper primary school. An annual fair organised by Pirzadas was held in honor of Shah Abdullah until the end of the 19th century, chiefly organized by the local Pirzadas who then fell into difficult times due to their extravagance. After India became independent in 1947,
400-421: A municipal area is determined by the population of the city. Some seats are reserved for scheduled castes , scheduled tribes , backward classes and women. A state can choose to constitute additional committees to carry functions of urban local governance, in addition to the wards committees. In addition to the councillors elected from the wards, the legislature of a state may also choose to make provisions for
450-556: A population density of 15,093.67/km (39,092.4/sq mi), is the eleventh most populous city in Uttar Pradesh. Saharanpur had a population of 455,754 in 2001 and 374,945 in 1991. Males constitute of 52.7% of the total population while females constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a sex ratio of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes account for 14.2% and 0.1% of
500-586: Is Hindi , which along with Urdu is the official language of Uttar Pradesh. There are significant numbers of Urdu and Punjabi speakers, while Haryanvi is also spoken, as the district shares a border with Haryana. The standard dialect of Hindi spoken is the Khari Boli dialect . Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council. The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 wards , represented by 70 councillors who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for
550-794: Is a type of local government in India which administers urban areas with a population of more than one million. The growing population and urbanization of various Indian cities highlighted the need for a type of local governing body that could provide services such as healthcare, education, housing and transport by collecting property taxes and administering grants from the state government . The Municipal corporation carries out its function through well organized divisions or departments. For example, water supply and sewage disposal Undertaking, Housing Board, Education Department and Electricity Department. Each of these Departments are looked after by experienced and qualified persons. The 74th Amendment Act defined
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#1732779852186600-432: Is a part of a geographical doab region. Saharanpur district joins four states together Himachal Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh , Uttarakhand and Haryana . According to the 2011 Indian census , Saharanpur had a population of 705,478, 12.5% of whom were under the age of six, living in 129,856 households within the municipal corporation limits. The city is spread over an area of 46.74 km (18.05 sq mi) and with
650-462: Is almost the same. The area administered by a municipal corporation is known as a municipal area. Each municipal area is divided into territorial constituencies known as wards. A municipal corporation is made up of a wards committee. Each ward has one seat in the wards committee. Members are elected to the wards committee on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. These members are known as councillors or corporators. The number of wards in
700-551: Is expected to be completed by 2025 will connect Gangoh Block of the district directly to Ambala. Saharanpur Junction is the primary railway station serving the city. The station is under the administrative control of Ambala railway division of the Northern Railways , and is located at the junction of Moradabad–Ambala line , Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line and the Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line . Saharanpur
750-609: Is the head of the municipal corporation, but in most states and territories of India the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner . The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation council meetings as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city. As per the amended Municipal Corporation Act of 1888,
800-564: Is the richest municipal corporation in India. Greater Chennai Corporation of the city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu is the oldest municipal corporation in India and second oldest municipal corporation in the world only behind City of London Corporation in United Kingdom. Municipal Corporations are typically headed by a Mayor and Deputy Mayor (elected from among the councilors), and comprise elected councillors . The Mayor
850-636: Is traced back to 2000 BCE. It is conjectured that Behat was known as Brihat-vat during the reign of the Nanda Dynasty (circa 501 BCE). An Ashoka pillar excavated from Topari (Khiderabād), near Saharanpur , was taken to Delhi by Sultan Firoz Shah Tughluq , and still resides in Feroze Shah Kotla . Mayapur and Behat were well-known cities in the Mauryan Dynasty (circa 180 BCE). Behat was next to Mayapur in importance, because it
900-582: The Calcutta Gardens for its contribution to science and economy in India. Under private auspices today, it is full of greenery and has many different kinds of plants and flowers. Siddhpeeth Shri Shakumbhari Devi Temple is an important and ancient Hindu temple. It is situated in the Shivalik hills in Behat tehsil, 40 km from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centres in India. Every year lakhs of visitors visit
950-582: The Mughal period , Akbar (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal jagir of Saharanpur to the Mughal treasurer, Sah Ranveer Singh, an Aggarwal Jain who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were Shekhpura and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates:
1000-710: The Samajwadi Party in 2022 as the MLA . There is only one sewage treatment plant located in Saharanpur, while most of the waste water is discharged into the Hindon river, further polluting it. The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it
1050-504: The 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'. Mughal emperors Akbar and later Shah Jahan (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative pargana of Sarwat on Muslim Sayyid families. In 1633, one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region Muzaffarnagar , in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by Nadir Shah . After his departure, anarchy prevailed across
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#17327798521861100-743: The Hindu Gurjar chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of Landaura . In 1757, the Maratha army captured the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers Raghunath Rao and Malharao Holkar . The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18 December 1788 with
1150-809: The Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the Second Anglo-Maratha War , when the British East India Company defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty. Saharanpur was the home to the first armed rebellion against British rule in Uttar Pradesh . In 1813 there
1200-578: The NH 344 connects Saharanpur with Ambala , Yamunanagar and Roorkee and further connected to Panchkula in Haryana and Haridwar and Dehradun in Uttarakhand. Uttar Pradesh State Highway 57 , commonly known as Delhi-Yamunotri highway, also passes through the city. The Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway has also been proposed, which will be ready by March 2024. Shamli- Ambala six lane expressway which
1250-632: The Naugaon Rau is named Abdullah Mazra after him. Behat remained the headquarters of a Paragana during the time of Akbar and was known as Behat Kanjawar. Around 1710 CE, Behat was called Jagir. It was famous for cow slaughtering, and Pirzadas normally only treated Jagir Muslims well. Around this time, the Sikh Army of Banda Bahadur Singh attacked, plundered, and razed the area. In 1834, Captain Proby Thomas Cautley discovered
1300-788: The Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large Jain temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan, it is now known as
1350-691: The Sufi Saint Shah Haroon Chishti . The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by Timur the Lame (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of
1400-532: The aid of Kunja Singh, but by then he had been defeated. When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After
1450-574: The arrest of Ghulam Qadir , the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general Mahadaji Scindia . The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of
1500-617: The city of Vadodara in Gujarat is typically called by the name "Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan" and the Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation of the city of Bangalore in Karnataka is typically called "Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike". The detailed structure of these urban bodies varies from state to state, as per the laws passed by the state legislatures , but the basic structure and function
1550-668: The entire doab with the region ruled in succession by Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the Rohillas took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region. Ahmad Shah Durrani , the Afghan ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab Najeeb-ud-Daula and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against Maratha Empire attacks by entering an alliance with
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1600-522: The establishment of the tea-trade in the Himalaya and Assam is almost entirely the work of the superintendents of the gardens of Calcutta and Seharunpore. " In 1887, when the Botanical Survey of India was set up to reform the country's botanical sciences , Saharanpur became the centre for the survey of the northern Indian flora . The Garden is seen historically as being second only to
1650-1534: The formations of urban local governments and their activities. Municipal corporations are referred to by different names in different states (due to regional language variations), all of which are translated to "municipal corporation" in English. These names include Nagar Nigam (in Delhi , Uttar Pradesh , Uttarakhand , Bihar , Jharkhand , Rajasthan , and Haryana ), Nagara Nigama (in Punjab ), Mahanagar Palika (in Goa and Maharashtra ), Mahanagara Palike (in Karnataka ), Mahanagar Seva Sadan (in Gujarat ), Pouro Nigom (in Assam ), Mahānagara Pālikā (in Odisha ), Pouro Nigam (in West Bengal ), Pur Porishod (in Tripura ), Nagar Palika Nigam (in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh ), Nagara Paalaka Samstha or Mahaanagara Paalaka Samstha (in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana ), Nagara Sabha (in Kerala ) and Maanagaraatchi (in Tamil Nadu ). The Vadodara Municipal Corporation of
1700-478: The government has neglected the area; as a result, Behat has made little progress in last 70 years. The 2011 India census reports that Behat had a population of 20,474, 53.16% of which were males and 46.83% were females. Behat has an average literacy rate of 70.03%, lower than the national average of 74.04%, with 75.95% of the males and 63.28% of females literate. 15.12% of the population is under six years of age. Behat's economy has been focused on agriculture for
1750-462: The last 200 years. The Western Yamuna Canal irrigates most of the arable land in Behat and crops have been good dueto rich soils. Behat is also one of the most suitable areas for growing fruits and mango orchards slowly took over as mainstay of the economy. Saharanpur Saharanpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Uttar Pradesh , India . It is also the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur district . Saharanpur city's name
1800-431: The population respectively. There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city. Roughly half of the city's population are Hindus , who form a slight majority, while Muslims constitute about 45 percent of the total population. Sikhs and Jains are also present in smaller numbers. Languages in Saharanpur town (2011) The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur
1850-488: The production of fruits such as mangoes , guavas , moorhas ( reed stools), brass bells , and wrought iron handicrafts . It is home to the Mata Shakumbari Devi Temple . Archaeological excavations and surveys provided evidence of the existence of many ancient settlements in and around Behat. Based on the artifacts discovered during these excavations, human habitation in and around this area
1900-583: The reformer Shah Waliullah 's ideology for social and political rejuvenation, established a school in Deoband in 1867. It found popularity and global recognition as the Darul Uloom Deoband . Its founders' mission was twofold: to raise and spread a team of scholars able to awaken the religious and social consciousness of Muslims through peaceful methods and to make efforts, through them, to educate Muslims in their faith and culture; and to bring about
1950-722: The region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king Babur (1483–1531). In the 16th century, Babur , a Timurid descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan ), invaded across the Khyber Pass and founded the Mughal Empire , covering India, along with modern-day Afghanistan , Pakistan and Bangladesh The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian Turks (with significant Mongol admixture). During
2000-450: The representation of persons having special knowledge or experience in municipal administration, the MPs or MLAs representing the constituencies which comprise wholly or partly the municipal area, and/or the commissioners of additional committees that the state may have constituted. If a state legislature appoints a person from the first category to a wards committee, that individual will not have
2050-479: The right to vote in the meetings of the municipal corporation, while MPs, MLAs and commissioners do have the right to vote in meetings. The largest corporations are in the ten major metropolitan cities of India, viz. Mumbai , Delhi , Hyderabad , Kolkata , Chennai , Bangalore , Ahmedabad , Lucknow , Jaipur , Kanpur . The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) of the city of Mumbai in Maharashtra
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2100-763: The temple. Shakumbhari devi is a famous Shaktipeeth (shrine) of maa Durga. Saharanpur, known as the "Wood Carving City," is a cultural and artistic hub in India noted for its hand-carved wooden artifacts. Situated about 40 km south of Saharanpur is an archaeological site yielding evidence of late Harappan settlement dating back to 2000 BC. It is one of the few significant Harappan sites in Western Uttar Pradesh besides Alamgirpur (Meerut district) and Bargaon (also in Saharanpur district). Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur – NH 709B and NH 344 . The NH 709B originates in Saharanpur and connects it to Delhi via Shamli and Baghpat , while
2150-587: The uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion (even though Hindu Gurjars were the ones who had led the revolt ). When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi , both proponents of
2200-488: Was an important Buddhist centre. Xuanzang traveled through Behat and had come across important Buddhist monasteries in Behat (circa 630 CE) while searching sacred Buddhist texts and scriptures. During the reign of Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451-1489), a Muslim colony was founded in Behat by Shah Abdullah, who was a descendant of Saint Sheikh Baha-ud-din Zakariya Suhrawardi. The western part of Behat along
2250-507: Was built in 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) narrow gauge and total length was 94.24 miles (151.66 km). However, due to increasing losses, the railway was closed in 1970. It was later converted to 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in ) broad gauge and was repopened in the late 1970s. Saharanpur falls on the route of the proposed 1,839-kilometre (1,143 mi) Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor project. Municipal corporation (India) A municipal corporation
2300-600: Was connected with rail lines when the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the 483-kilometre-long (300 mi) Amritsar – Ambala – Saharanpur – Ghaziabad line in 1870 connecting Multan (now in Pakistan) with Delhi . Another line connecting Saharanpur with Moradabad was completed in 1886. The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting Shahdara in Delhi with Saharanpur was opened to traffic in 1907. The railway
2350-438: Was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti. Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by MOUD as a part of Smart Cities Mission of the Government of India . During the reign of Iltutmish (r 1211–1236), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate
2400-422: Was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. Muhammad bin Tughluq , the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern doab to crush the rebellion of the Shivalik kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a sufi saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after
2450-444: Was mass revolt by the Hindu Gujjars of Saharanpur against British rule, but it was quickly suppressed. In 1824. Raja Kunja Singh, formerly the taluqdar of Kunja near Roorkee , led an armed revolt against East India Company rule and established a quasi-independent state; however, after fierce battle the rebellion was quashed. It was found later by British authorities that the Gujjars of surrounding districts were about to come to
2500-422: Was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the British East India Company and placed under the authority of the District Surgeon . Joseph Dalton Hooker says of this Botanical Garden that " Amongst its greatest triumphs may be considered the introduction of the tea-plant from China, a fact I allude to, as many of my English readers may not be aware that
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