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23-689: Bela Crkva lakes at the outskirts of the town are a popular summer tourist destination. The name of the town Bela Crkva means "white church" in English . In Romanian , the town is known as Biserica Albă (formerly Albești), in German as Weißkirchen , in Hungarian as Fehértemplom (formerly Fejéregyház), and in Turkish as Aktabya . Neolithic findings of ceramics and burial with Greek-style pots dating to late fifth century BCE have been found in

46-426: A few tens of kilometers of their source outcrops. Gravel is deposited as gravel blankets or bars in stream channels; in alluvial fans ; in near-shore marine settings, where the gravel is supplied by streams or erosion along the coast; and in the deltas of swift-flowing streams. The upper Mississippi embayment contains extensive chert gravels thought to have their origin less than 100 miles (160 km) from

69-644: A high hydraulic conductivity , sometimes reaching above 1 cm/s. Most gravel is derived from disintegration of bedrock as it weathers . Quartz is the most common mineral found in gravel, as it is hard, chemically inert, and lacks cleavage planes along which the rock easily splits. Most gravel particles consist of multiple mineral grains, since few rocks have mineral grains coarser than about 8 millimeters (0.31 in) in size. Exceptions include quartz veins , pegmatites , deep intrusions , and high-grade metamorphic rock . The rock fragments are rapidly rounded as they are transported by rivers , often within

92-403: Is Dobričevo . The settlement with Czech ethnic majority is Češko Selo . The ethnic composition of the municipality (as of 2011 census): Bela Crkva lakes Bela Crkva lakes ( Serbian : Белоцркванска језера , romanized :  Belocrkvanska jezera ) is a group of six larger and several smaller artificial lakes near the town of Bela Crkva , in the southern Banat region in

115-414: Is an important commercial product, with a number of applications. Almost half of all gravel production is used as aggregate for concrete . Much of the rest is used for road construction, either in the road base or as the road surface (with or without asphalt or other binders.) Naturally occurring porous gravel deposits have a high hydraulic conductivity , making them important aquifers . Colloquially,

138-537: Is sometimes distinguished from rubble, which is loose rock particles in the same size range but angular in shape. The Udden-Wentworth scale , widely used by geologists in the US, defines granular gravel as particles with a size from 2 to 4 mm (0.079 to 0.157 in) and pebble gravel as particles with a size from 4 to 64 mm (0.16 to 2.52 in). This corresponds to all particles with sizes between coarse sand and cobbles . The U.S. Department of Agriculture and

161-405: Is widely and plentifully distributed, mostly as river deposits, river flood plains, and glacial deposits, so that environmental considerations and quality dictate whether alternatives, such as crushed stone , are more economical. Crushed stone is already displacing natural gravel in the eastern United States, and recycled gravel is also becoming increasingly important. The word gravel comes from

184-708: The Old French gravele or gravelle . Different varieties of gravel are distinguished by their composition, origin, and use cases. Types of gravel include: In locales where gravelly soil is predominant, plant life is generally more sparse. This is due to the inferior ability of gravels to retain moisture, as well as the corresponding paucity of mineral nutrients, since finer soils that contain such minerals are present in smaller amounts. Sediments containing over 30% gravel that become lithified into solid rock are termed conglomerate . Conglomerates are widely distributed in sedimentary rock of all ages, but usually as

207-510: The Serbian province of Vojvodina . Deep pits emerged as a result of gravel exploitation, and were subsequently filled by aquifers and rainfall. With clean and unpolluted water suitable for bathing, they are a popular travel destination. The lakes occupy the total area of 150 hectares (370 acres). Larger ones include: Exploitation of gravel in the area started in 1904. First, it was dug out manually and transported by horse carts, and then

230-830: The Soil Science Society of America define gravel as particles from 2 to 80 mm (0.079 to 3.150 in) in size, while the German scale (Atterburg) defines gravel as particles from 2 to 200 mm (0.079 to 7.874 in) in size. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers defines gravel as particles under 3 in (76 mm) in size that are retained by a number 4 mesh, which has a mesh spacing of 4.76 mm (0.187 in). ISO 14688 for soil engineering grades gravels as fine, medium, and coarse with ranges 2 mm to 6.3 mm to 20 mm to 63 mm. The bulk density of gravel varies from 1,460 to 1,920 kg/m (2,460 to 3,240 lb/cu yd). Natural gravel has

253-542: The Udden-Wentworth scale gravel is categorized into granular gravel (2–4 mm or 0.079–0.157 in) and pebble gravel (4–64 mm or 0.2–2.5 in). ISO 14688 grades gravels as fine, medium, and coarse, with ranges 2–6.3 mm (0.079–0.248 in) for fine and 20–63 mm (0.79–2.48 in) for coarse. One cubic metre of gravel typically weighs about 1,800 kg (4,000 lb), or one cubic yard weighs about 3,000 lb (1,400 kg). Gravel

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276-604: The 1920s, it was a center of Russian emigration in Yugoslavia. Between 1918 and 1945 Bela Crkva was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . From 1945 until 1992 it was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . From 1992-2006 it was part of Serbia and Montenegro . Since 2006 it has been part of the independent republic of Serbia. Bela Crkva municipality includes the town of Bela Crkva and

299-563: The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gravel Gravel ( / ˈ ɡ r æ v əl / ) is a loose aggregation of rock fragments . Gravel occurs naturally on Earth as a result of sedimentary and erosive geological processes; it is also produced in large quantities commercially as crushed stone . Gravel is classified by particle size range and includes size classes from granule - to boulder -sized fragments. In

322-490: The U.S., with a total value of about $ 12.6 billion. Some 960 million tons of construction sand and gravel were produced. This greatly exceeds production of industrial sand and gravel (68 million tons), which is mostly sand rather than gravel. It is estimated that almost half of construction sand and gravel is used as aggregate for concrete . Other important uses include in road construction, as road base or in blacktop ; as construction fill; and in myriad minor uses. Gravel

345-769: The area. The town was founded in 1717 when this region was included into the Habsburg monarchy . It was part of the Banatian Military Frontier of the Monarchy and, since 1774, was a seat of the Illyrian (Serbian) section of the Banatian Frontier. Briefly, in 1787–1788, the town was controlled by the Ottomans. In 1848–1849, the town was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina , but in 1849 it

368-459: The flowers" and "Bela Crkva's apple picking". The lakes are especially popular among fishermen. In 1957, a wels catfish , which was 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) long and weighted 70 kg (150 lb) was caught in the Main lake. In 1988 a story another massive catfish in the lake was published for the first time. It was named "Besi", an acronym of [Be]la Crkva and Ne[si], Serbian rendering of

391-432: The following villages: According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Bela Crkva had 17,367 inhabitants. Settlements with Serb ethnic majority are: Bela Crkva, Banatska Palanka , Banatska Subotica , Vračev Gaj , Dupljaja , Jasenovo , Kajtasovo , Kaluđerovo , Kruščica , Kusić , and Crvena Crkva . The settlement with Romanian ethnic majority is Grebenac . The settlement with Hungarian ethnic majority

414-478: The name Nessie, the Loch Ness Monster . Ever since, a yearly tournament titled "Hunt on Besi" is held. It is estimated that by 2008 Besi has grown to 150 kg (330 lb). Catfishes of 30 kg (66 lb) are commonly caught in the lakes. 44°53′41″N 21°24′30″E  /  44.894644°N 21.408226°E  / 44.894644; 21.408226 This article about a location in

437-488: The periphery of the embayment. It has been suggested that wind-formed ( aeolian ) gravel "megaripples" in Argentina have counterparts on the planet Mars . Gravel is a major basic raw material in construction . Sand is not usually distinguished from gravel in official statistics, but crushed stone is treated as a separate category. In 2020, sand and gravel together made up 23% of all industrial mineral production in

460-485: The process was taken over by excavators and railway transport. The gravel was used for roads and river embankments. Industrial excavation began c.1948 and since then the pits were mostly created. The gravel is still excavated only on the New lake. During summer, there are up to 5,000 visitors on the lakes' shores. Many cultural, entertainment and sports festivities are being held throughout the season. They include "Carneval of

483-536: The term gravel is often used to describe a mixture of different size pieces of stone mixed with sand and possibly some clay. The American construction industry distinguishes between gravel (a natural material) and crushed stone (produced artificially by mechanical crushing of rock.) The technical definition of gravel varies by region and by area of application. Many geologists define gravel simply as loose rounded rock particles over 2 mm (0.079 in) in diameter, without specifying an upper size limit. Gravel

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506-479: Was again placed under military administration. With the abolishment of the Military Frontier, the town was included into Temes county of the Kingdom of Hungary , one of two autonomous parts of Austria-Hungary . The town was also a seat of the district since 1867. According to the 1910 census, the town itself was mainly populated by Germans with a group of French , but its surrounding municipal area

529-459: Was mainly populated by Serbs . Census recorded 11,524 citizens in the town, of whom 6,062 spoke German language, 1,994 Serbian, 1,806 Romanian, and 1,213 Hungarian. The municipal area numbered 36,831 inhabitants, of whom 20,987 spoke Serbian , 8,234 Romanian , and 4,791 German . The total population of the town and its municipal area counted together was 48,355, of whom 22,981 spoke Serbian, 10,853 German, 10,040 Romanian, and 2,122 Hungarian . In

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