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48-555: Belgaum (Kannada ISO : Bēḷagāma , IPA: [beːɭɐɡaːmɐ] ), officially known as Belagavi (also Belgaon ), is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located in its northern part along the Western Ghats . It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Belagavi division and Belagavi district . The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka alongside Bangalore , hence

96-601: A tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). It is known for its pleasant year-round climate. Belgaum is at its coldest in winter (lowest temperature in Karnataka is usually recorded in Belgaum) and it experiences almost continuous monsoon rains from June through September. Belgaum sometimes receives hail storms during April. According to the 1881 census, 64.39% of the population of Belgaum district were Kannada speakers and 26.04% spoke Marathi . As per

144-464: A Jain temple, dedicated to Neminatha in 1204, which came to be called Kamalabasti. Pillars found inside Belgaum fort have Kannada inscriptions in Nagari scripts, one from 1199 by Ratta King Kartaveerya IV. The city's original name was Venugram, a Sanskrit word which means "village of bamboo". Alternatively, it is referred to as Venugram in early Indian texts, which means "city of bamboo". Belgaum became

192-590: A day covering an effective distance of 2374,000 km with a total fleet of 7599 buses. It transports, on an average, 2457,000 passengers per day. The North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation was established on 1 November 1997, under provision of the Road Transport Corporation Act 1950, on the auspicious day of Karnataka Rajyotsava upon bifurcation from Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation to provide adequate, efficient, economic and properly coordinated transport services to

240-698: A part of the Yadava dynasty kingdom (Sevunas) in early 13th century. An inscription from 1261 of King Krishna belonging to the Yadava dynasty attests to this. The region was invaded by Khalji dynasty of Delhi Sultanate in 14th century. Shortly thereafter, the Vijayanagara Empire was founded, and Belgaum came under the rule of Vijayanagara. In 1474, the Bahmani Sultanate conquered Belgaum with an army led by Mahmud Gawan . The Belgaum fort

288-622: A population of around 4.8 million according to the census of 2011. Belgaum district is the biggest district of Karnataka. Situated near the foothills of the Sahyadri mountain range ( Western Ghats ) at an altitude of about 779 m (2,556 ft), 100 km (62 mi) from the Arabian Sea with the Markandeya river flowing nearby, Belgaum exhibits swift and kaleidoscopic changes in topography, vegetation and climate. Belgaum has

336-845: A result of the States Reorganisation Act on 1 November 1956, the Kannada -speaking districts of Belgaum (except Chandgad taluka ), Bijapur , Dharwar , and North Canara were transferred from Bombay State to Mysore State . but the State of Bombay was significantly enlarged, expanding eastward to incorporate the Marathi -speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad State , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region of southern Madhya Pradesh , and Gujarati -speaking Saurashtra and Kutch states. The Bombay state

384-490: A second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugurated on 11 October 2012. Belgaum has been selected in first phase out of 20 cities, as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under India's flagship Smart Cities Mission . Belgaum was founded in late 12th century AD by the Ratta dynasty , who shifted from nearby Saundatti . A Ratta official named Bichiraja built Kamal Basadi ,

432-594: Is a dispute involving the Indian states of Karnataka and Maharashtra . Belgaum, currently a part of Karnataka and earlier the erstwhile Bombay Presidency , is claimed by Maharashtra on linguistic grounds. In 1956, the States Reorganization Act incorporated the Belgaum district including the 10 taluks in the Mysore state , which became Karnataka in 1973. Though according to the 1881 census, 64.39% of

480-697: Is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of the use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN),

528-555: Is being set up along the Pune-Bangalore National Highway (NH-4) to cater to the precision engineering requirements of the global aerospace, automotive and industrial verticals. Belgaum's salubrious climate, proximity to the coast and strategic position near Portuguese Goa commended it to the British as a suitable location for an army training centre and cantonment , which it continues to be today for

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576-549: Is in the northwestern parts of Karnataka and lies at the border of two states, Maharashtra and Goa on the western ghats (50 km (31 mi) from the Goa state border). It is one of the oldest towns in the state, lying 502 km (312 mi) from Bangalore , 500 km (310 mi) from Mumbai , 515 km (320 mi) from Hyderabad , and 600 km (370 mi) from Mysore . The district comprises 1278 villages with an area of 13,415 km (5,180 sq mi) and

624-633: Is mandatory for all Infantry Officers. Officers of Other branches of the military and even some foreign officers undertake the course, upon being nominated to do so. In between the Military Hospital and the Junior Leaders Wing lies the Belgaum Military School , established in 1945 spread over an area of 64 acres (26 ha). The School provides quality education to sons of wards of Servicemen and Ex Servicemen of

672-419: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Bombay State Bombay State was a large Indian state created in 1950 from the erstwhile Bombay Presidency , with other regions being added to it in the succeeding years. Bombay Presidency (roughly equating to

720-1169: Is noted for a specific kind of biryani , the Belgaum Biryani , which uses Belgaum Basmati Rice for its preparation. Belgaum is known for kunda , a milk-based sweet. Another sweet, called maande in Marathi and mandige in Kannada, is a prerequisite for weddings. Belgaum is connected by road via national highways 4 (connecting Maharashtra (now part of the Golden Quadrilateral), Karnataka , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu ) and 4A (connecting Karnataka and Goa ). North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) run buses to all corners of Karnataka and to neighbouring states. There are many prominent private bus companies providing services to all major destinations in Karnataka and surrounding states. KSRTC services almost all villages in Karnataka. 92% villages are served by KSRTC (6,743 out of 7,298 Villages) and 44% in other areas. KSRTC operates 6463 schedules in

768-751: Is setting up a national-level training institution (for jungle warfare) at Khanapur in Belgaum. The establishment, called the CoBRA School of Jungle Warfare is already operational. The cuisine of Belgaum is derived from the food cultures of three regions Karnataka , Konkan and Maharashtra . Typical breakfast items include poori-bhaji, idli-dosa, uppit (upma), sheera, sabudana khichadi and sabuvada. Chapatis, rice, Jolada Rotti (bhakari/jowar rotti), thalipeeth, jhunka and vegetables are eaten for lunch. Non-vegetarian preparations such as various seafoods are cooked in Goan, Maharashtrian, and North Karnataka style. Belgaum

816-606: The Indian Armed Forces , along with an air force station of the Indian Air Force . The British had a sizeable infantry post here, having realised the military importance of its geographical location. Development of a rail network for movement of resources and later troops was one of the means employed by both the East India Company and the British to exert control over India. Belgaum houses

864-610: The Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre (MLIRC). It also houses the Commando Training Wing which is a part of the Junior Leaders Wing (formerly known as Infantry School, Belgaum). This establishment is affiliated to The Infantry School, Mhow . Herein, Infantry Officers and Soldiers are trained in endurance, escape and evasion, guerrilla and commando warfare techniques and to live off the land. The commando course at Belgaum

912-628: The Saurashtra and Kutch States, which ceased to exist. On 1 May 1960, Bombay State was dissolved and split on linguistic lines into the two states of Gujarat , with Gujarati speaking population and Maharashtra , with Marathi speaking population . During the British Raj , portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Bombay Presidency . After Indian independence in 1947 and when India

960-401: The transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which is described in

1008-586: The 'unconstitutional' dissolution of Belgaum city corporation and manhandling of Belgaum mayor by Kannada activists at Bangalore . Even though case is pending in supreme court, in 2019, Deputy CM of Maharashtra Ajit Pawar called for the incorporation of Belgaum along with Karwar and Nipani area in Maharashtra citing it was of dream of Shiv Sena founder Bal Thackeray , a statement reiterated by CM Uddhav Thackeray in January 2021. Thackeray went on to term

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1056-542: The 1957 elections, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed these proposals, and insisted that Bombay be declared the capital of Maharashtra. Bombay State was finally dissolved with the formation of Maharashtra and Gujarat states on 1 May 1960. Following protests of Samyukta Maharashtra Movement , in which 107 people were killed by police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines. Gujarati -speaking areas of Bombay State were partitioned into

1104-483: The 2011 India census , the population of Belgaum city is 490,045. Males constitute 246,537 of the population and females 243,508. Belgaum has an average literacy rate of 88.92%: 93.78% for males and 85.84% for females. 10.71% of the population is under 6 years of age. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.84% and 3.26% of the population respectively. Languages of Belgaum City (2011) Languages of Belgaum Taluk (2011) Kannada (37.46%) and Marathi (32.91%) are

1152-581: The Armed Forces. Several of them go on to join the National Defence Academy . The Indo-Tibetan Border Police , ITBP, is building a full-fledged recreation and training centre in Belgaum at Halbhavi. Belgaum provides an excellent climate for recreation and ITBP will have large family bases in Belgaum for its soldiers after high altitude stressful duty. The Central Reserve Police Force Institute of elite central paramilitary forces

1200-887: The Belgaum District. The Government of Maharashtra also operates MSRTC buses from various parts of Maharashtra to Belgaum City and some other parts of the Belgaum District. The city is served by Belgaum Airport at Sambra, which is the oldest airport in North Karnataka and lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the city on State Highway 20 . Belgaum airport is included in UDAN 3 scheme. Alliance Air , Spice Jet , Star Air , IndiGo and TruJet have flights to Bangalore , Hyderabad , Mysore , Kadapa , Tirupati , Surat , Ahmedabad , Indore , Mumbai , Pune , Nagpur , Kolhapur , Nashik and Chennai . Flight connectivity to Jodhpur will be soon started by Star Air in

1248-465: The Indian states were reorganised along linguistic lines by the States Reorganisation Act and Belgaum including 10 taluks of Bombay State were transferred to Mysore State , which was renamed Karnataka in 1973. In 2006, the Government of Karnataka announced that Belgaum would be made the state's second capital, and that the city would be a permanent venue for the annual 15-day winter session of

1296-736: The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb overthrew the Bijapur sultanate and Belgaum passed nominally to the Mughals, who called it "Azamnagar". However, the Mughal empire control collapsed after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The Maratha confederacy took control of the area during the rule of the Peshwas . In 1776, the region was overrun by Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan after Hyder Ali's coup in the Kingdom of Mysore . The Peshwa regained Belgaum, after Tipu Sultan

1344-754: The PG centre was shifted to the present campus of 172 acres of land at Bhutramanahatti adjacent to the Pune-Bangalore National Highway – 4 NH 4 , about 18 km from Belgaum. Karnatak University PG Centre has been declared as Rani Channamma University in the month of July 2010 with the jurisdiction of Belgaum, Vijaypur , and Bagalkot districts. Newspapers include Vijaya Karnataka , Vijay Vani , Kannada Prabha , Samyukta Karnataka , Prajavani , and Kannadamma in Kannada ; The Times of India and Deccan Herald in English, and Tarun Bharat , Sakaal , Pudhari in Marathi . ISO 15919 ISO 15919

1392-616: The abundance of water). Trading in North Karnataka is mainly with Goa and Maharashtra along with major cities like Pune , Bangalore and Mangalore . Rich deposits of Bauxite are found in Belgaum district and have led to the creation of the Indian aluminium -producing company Hindalco Industries of the Aditya Birla Group . Uranium deposits have been found at Deshnur, a small village near Bailhongal town. The Belgaum District Report provides detailed information about

1440-432: The commuters of North Western part of Karnataka . The Corporation jurisdiction covers the districts of Belgaum, Dharwad , Karwar , Bagalkot , Gadag & Haveri . NWKRTC operates its services to all villages, which have motorable roads in its jurisdiction, and also covers intra- and inter- state transport operations. The Government of Goa operates KADAMBA bus service from Goa to Belgaum city and some other parts of

1488-602: The future days. Belgaum railway station is on the Indian Railways grid, being part of the South Western railways, and is well connected by rail to major destinations. Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), named after Bharat Ratna Sir M Visweshwariah, is located in Machhe in Belgaum. It has more than 208 affiliated colleges. Over 67,000 students graduate from VTU every year. Rani Channamma University

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1536-604: The local agricultural economy. The report describes the work of the pastoralists who herd large numbers of sheep and goats (approx 1.4m in 2003) - some settled in communities and others operating nomadically. They are supported by the Workers Development Union (known as Shramik Abhivrudhi Sangh or Jana Jagran ) an NGO that provides a shepherd training program in sheep care, modern medicines and modern breeding practices. A 300-acre (1.2 km) Special Economic Zone (India's first Private Aerospace SEZ )

1584-512: The police) in the wake of Belgaum City Corporation (BCC) passing a resolution to include the district of Belgaum into Maharashtra , a neighbouring state. Upon his return to Belgaum, Vijay More was served with several show-cause notices by the Government of Karnataka and later dissolved the council. Following this incident, in the following year's election, Prashanta Budavi, wife of KRV (Karnataka Rakshana Vedike) City President Shantinath Budavi

1632-621: The population of Belgaum were Kannada speakers and 26.04% spoke Marathi . In 1948, the Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti , a Belgaum based regional organisation fighting for the merger, was formed. On 17 January 1956, Marathi activists against the inclusion were shot by the police forces of Mysore state. Since then, 17 January is observed as the 'martyr's day' by Maharashtra Ekikaran Samiti. On 11 November 2005, Karnataka Rakshna Vedike (KRV) activists daubed Belgaum Mayor Vijay More's face with black paint (and later surrendered to

1680-703: The predominant languages. Urdu is spoken by 19.82%, while Konkani (2.64%), Hindi (2.42%) and Telugu (1.92%) are also spoken. Belgaum is located in the Belgaum Lok Sabha constituency . In 2006, the Government of Karnataka decided to hold one week sessions of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly every year during the winter season at the Suvarna Vidhana Soudha administrative building, constructed and inaugurated in Belgaum in 2012. The Belgaum border dispute

1728-533: The present-day Indian state of Maharashtra , excluding Marathwada ) and Vidarbha ) was merged with the princely states of Baroda, Western India and Gujarat (the present-day Indian state of Gujarat ) and the Deccan States (which included parts of the present-day Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka ). On 1 November 1956, Bombay State was re-organized under the States Reorganisation Act on linguistic lines, absorbing various territories including

1776-561: The presidency of Mahatma Gandhi . The city served as a major military installation for the British Raj , primarily due to its proximity to Goa , which was then a Portuguese territory. Once the British left India, the Indian government continued and still continues to have armed forces installations in Belgaum. In 1961, the Indian government, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru , used military forces from Belgaum to end Portuguese rule of Goa . When India became independent in 1947, Belgaum and its district were part of Bombay State . In 1956,

1824-531: The region as 'Karnataka-occupied areas'. The case regarding the dispute is pending before the Supreme Court for many years. The city's humble industrial growth begin when an entrepreneur named Babu Rao Pusalkar set up a small unit in city over a century ago and that transformed Belgaum city into foundry and hydraulics base. Belgaum is an important source of vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, fish, mining production, and wood (due to heavy rainfall, rivers and

1872-541: The state legislature. On 1 November 2014, the city's name was changed from Belgaum to Belagavi by the Karnataka government, with approval of the central government of India along with 12 other cities. Belgaum is known as Belgaon (IPA: [beːɭɡaːʋ] ) in Maharashtra and amongst Marathi people . Belgaum is located at 15°52′N 74°30′E  /  15.87°N 74.5°E  / 15.87; 74.5 . It has an average elevation of 770 metres (2,530 feet). The city

1920-399: The state of Gujarat following Mahagujarat Movement . Maharashtra State with Bombay as its capital was formed with the merger of Marathi -speaking areas of Bombay State, eight districts from Central Provinces and Berar , five districts from Hyderabad State , and numerous princely states enclosed between them. Bombay State had three chief ministers after the independence of India: Upon

1968-643: The table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There

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2016-513: Was appointed as mayor of the Belgaum City Corporation. Maharashtra has asked to bring 865 disputed villages including Belgaum under centre's rule until Supreme court 's final verdict. N.D. Patil, head of legal-committee appointed by Maharashtra government said that Karnataka is intensifying the problem. He added that Marathi people of border region are not able to live with honour and dignity under Karnataka's rule pointing out to

2064-617: Was being referred to by the local inhabitants as "Maha Dwibhashi Rajya", meaning, "the great bilingual state". In 1956, the States Reorganisation Committee, against the will of Jawaharlal Nehru , recommended a bilingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat with Bombay as its capital, whereas in Lok Sabha discussions in 1955, the Congress party demanded that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. In

2112-785: Was defeated by the British forces. In 1818, the British annexed Belgaum and the region in the control of the Peshwa. Kitturu Chennamma (1778–1829) was the queen of the princely state of Kittur in Karnataka and in 1824 she led an unsuccessful armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse . Belgaum was chosen as the venue of the 39th session of the Indian National Congress in December 1924 under

2160-666: Was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for

2208-537: Was established in 2010 by upgrading the post-graduate centre of Karnatak University, Dharwad. Before the Rani Channamma University came into being in 2010, Karnatak University KRCPG Centre of Karnatak University, Dharwad was functioning at Belgaum. The Karnatak University PG Centre was established at Belgaum in the year 1982, to provide an opportunity to develop access to the students for higher education hailing from North Karnataka Region. In 1994

2256-581: Was partitioned , Bombay Presidency remained part of India, while Sind province became part of Pakistan . The territory retained by India was restructured into Bombay State when India became a republic in 1950. It included princely states such as Kolhapur in Deccan, and Baroda and the Dangs in Gujarat, which had former parts of Deccan States Agency and Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency . As

2304-719: Was strengthened by the Adil Shah dynasty Sultans and they built the Safa Mosque. A Persian inscription states that the mosque was built by Asad Khan , a Bijapur commander. In 1518, the Bahamani sultanate splintered into five small states and Belgaum became part of the Bijapur Sultanate . The Adilshahis extended their control to the port of Goa, but retreated after the arrival and wars with the Portuguese. In 1686,

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