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40-563: At the corner of the Dečanska and Makedonska streets, where the youth center is today, was the location of the kafana "Ginić". One of the most popular kafanas in Belgrade in its heyday, it was a gathering point of the journalists and reporters from the Politika daily, which was located nearby. The satirical magazine Ošišani Jež  [ sr ] ("shaved hedgehog") was founded in

80-532: A coffee. They might have shouted bistro! bistro! ( Russian : быстро , lit.   'quickly') when they wished to be served quickly. This etymology has been dismissed by linguists, because there is no attestation to the occurrence of the term until the late 19th century. The bistro became familiar in France throughout the 19th century. At this period, the Auvergnats (French people originating from

120-464: A distinct cinematic stereotype appeared. In Mate Bulić 's album Gori borovina , there is a song "Ej, kavano", which describes the common stereotype of the kafana. Kafana is stereotyped as a place where sad lovers cure their sorrows in alcohol and music, gamblers squander entire fortunes, husbands run away from mean wives while shady businessmen, corrupt local politicians and petty criminals do business. As in many other societies, frequenting kafane

160-518: A kafana was a family business, a craft, passed on from generation to generation. As the Balkan cities grew in size and became more urbanized, kafana also shifted its focus a bit. Some started serving food and offering other enticements to potential customers since owners now had to compete with other similar establishments around the city. Most bigger towns and cities in this period had a Gradska kafana (City kafana) located in or around main square where

200-449: A modest setting. In more recent years, the term has become used by restaurants considered, by some, to be pretentious. In a 2007 survey of national cuisines, a bistro is characterised as typically: A Paris newspaper in 1892 referred to dishes served at a bistro, including escargots , veal with sauce ravigote , navarin of lamb, hachis Parmentier , eggs, sausages and hot roast chicken. The Oxford Companion to Food comments that

240-631: A negative reputation by extension. During the 1960s, in contrast to the state-sponsored Partisan films , Yugoslav movies of the Black Wave movement started depicting contemporary individuals from the margins of society. Run-down kafane would feature prominently in such stories. Socially relevant films like I Even Met Happy Gypsies , When Father Was Away on Business , Život je lep , Do You Remember Dolly Bell? , Specijalno vaspitanje , Kuduz , etc. all had memorable, dramatic scenes that take place in dilapidated rural or suburban kafana. Soon,

280-462: A social gathering place for men to drink alcoholic beverages and coffee originated in the Ottoman Empire and spread to Southeast Europe during Ottoman rule, further evolving into the contemporary kafana. This distinct type of establishment is known by several slightly differing names depending on country and language: The word itself, irrespective of regional differences, is derived from

320-465: A vehicle similar to a circus wagon . The first known modern-day kavana in Zagreb was opened in 1749, and the institution was commonplace in Zagreb and many other Croatian cities by the end of the 18th century. By the 19th century, a distinction arose between the kavane , which were high-society establishments, and the working-class kavotočja . During the 18th and early 19th century, running

360-450: Is a member of local, regional and international cultural networks. Some 1,500 programs are organized in the institution per year, with 400,000 visitors annually. The venue was known for rock performances and a disco cub in the 1960s and the 1970s. The first exhibition of Marina Abramović was held here, so as showings of the erotic movies within the FEST film festival . Belgrade Jazz Festival

400-1135: Is a more general term encompassing all establishments serving coffee and alcohol drinks only, while kavana is the name for distinctly styled bistros described in this article. Currently, there are 5,206 kafeani in the country. According to the State Statistical Office, there are 989 kafeani (19% of the total number) in the capital Skopje , 413 in Tetovo , 257 in Bitola , 244 in Gostivar , 206 in Kumanovo , 205 in Struga , 188 in Ohrid and 161 in Strumica . City of Belgrade features many establishments equipped with extensive kitchens serving elaborate menus that are officially called restaurants yet most patrons refer to them as kafane . According to some,

440-626: Is not recorded until towards the end of the century. An early appearance of the term in print is in Les deux gosses by Pierre Decourcelle , published in 1880. A popular folk etymology, not attested by the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française , claims that the word originated among Russian troops who, following the Battle of Paris in March 1814, occupied the city and visited these tiny places to drink

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480-521: Is seen as a mainly male activity, and "honest" women dare only visit finer ones, usually in the company of men. As mentioned, it is a very frequent motif of late-20th century commercial folk songs, perhaps the most famous being "I tebe sam sit kafano" ( I'm Already Sick of You, Kafana ) by Haris Džinović , "Kafana je moja sudbina" ( Kafana is My Destiny ) by Toma Zdravković , and the ubiquitous "Čaše lomim" ( I'm Breaking Glasses ), originally by Nezir Eminovski. In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain by becoming

520-502: Is when the term kafana slowly began to be associated with something undesirable and suitable only for lower classes of society. By the 1980s, term kafana became almost an insult and most owners would steer clear of calling their places by that name, preferring westernized terms like restaurant , cafe , bistro , coffee bar , and so on, instead. On the other hand, terms birtija , bircuz and krčma are also used to denote, usually rural or suburban, filthy kafane. During

560-455: The Ottomans ruled Bosnia. They are now mostly frequented by local elders as well as the occasional tourist, and their numbers are dwindling. Most of the old centerpiece Gradske Kafane have been visually modernized and had their names changed in the process to something snappy and western-sounding. Most other establishments that offer similar fare target a younger crowd and prefer not to use

600-575: The Republic Square . For its programs, it maintains: Separate from this building, the DOB also has the Magacin on Kraljevića Marka Street, a former warehouse near the city center with over 5,000 square meters of available space. Some 30 metres (98 ft) under the building is the main collecting well for the underground waters in this part of Belgrade. It is operated by the electrical pumps. It

640-577: The Turkish kahvehane ' coffeehouse ', which is in turn derived from the Persian term qahveh-khaneh (a compound of the Arabic qahve 'coffee' and Persian khane 'house'). In Macedonia , kafeana is sometimes confused with the more traditional meana , while the variant kafana (adopted from commercial Serbian folk-songs and popularized by domestic artists) may be used for

680-508: The 1970s and 1980s the term kafana became synonymous in the SFR Yugoslavia with decay, sloth, pain, backwardness and sorrow. Pop culture played a significant part in this transformation. With the expansion of radio and television, popular folk singers began to emerge, and they often used kafana themes in their songs. Since the connection between commercial folk and rural regressiveness was already well established, kafana, too, acquired

720-529: The absence of mass media these bands strictly had a local character and would only play folk music that was popular within a particular region where the city lies. As the 20th century rolled on, Balkan cities saw waves upon waves of rural population coming in, especially after World War II , and kafane diversified accordingly. Some continued to uphold a higher standard of service, while others began to cater to newly arrived rural population that mostly found employment in factories and on construction sites. This

760-696: The building has been turned into an open stage during summers. A reconstruction of the plateau, which would include granite slabs sidewalks and avenue was announced in August 2017. First phase, which included the paving with the granite slabs and planting an avenue (consisting of birch and liquidambar trees) was finished by November 2017. Kafana Kafana is a distinct type of local bistro (or tavern ), common in former Yugoslav countries , which primarily serves alcoholic beverages and coffee , and often also light snacks ( meze ) and other food. Many kafanas feature live music performances. The concept of

800-513: The country with the most coffee houses per capita in the world. In fact, there are 654 coffee houses per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania, a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. This is due to coffee houses closing down in Spain due to the economic crisis, and the fact that as many cafes open as they close in Albania. In addition, the fact that it was one of the easiest ways to make a living after

840-557: The early 20th century was Zlatna moruna ( transl.  The Golden Beluga ) at the Zeleni Venac neighbourhood where Young Bosnia conspirators frequently gathered while plotting the June 1914 assassination of Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand . Certain kafane had their names preserved through the structures that succeeded them in the same location; Palace Albanija , built in 1940 in central Belgrade got its name from

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880-640: The establishment described in this article; however, both terms are used interchangeably by some. The Slovenian kavarna shares neither its etymology nor its functionality with the Ottoman kahvehane, deriving instead from the coffeehouses of Vienna and thus not offering its guests alcoholic beverages or entertainment in the form of folk music. The term 'kavarna' is of Slovenian origin, like related Slovene terms for shopping or drinking venues such as 'pekarna' (bakery) and 'gostilna' (tavern). Nowadays in Serbia,

920-573: The fall of communism in Albania, together with the country's Ottoman legacy further reinforce the strong dominance of coffee culture in Albania. Probably the purest form of kafana can be found in Bosnia where no food is served (differentiating kafana from ćevabdžinica , aščinica and buregdžinica ), staying true to the original Turkish coffee and alcohol concept. In Bosnian cities with large Muslim populations, one can still find certain old kafane that probably didn't look much different back when

960-400: The façade, there is also a sculpture "Sun" by Dušan Džamonja . The elevated section in front of the "Sun" in time began known as the "Zidić" ("Small wall"), where musicians performe outdoors live. In July 2011 the area in front of the DOB was named a Plateau of Milan Mladenović , in honor of the late frontman of EKV who died in 1994 at the age of 36. Since 2013, the short wall in front of

1000-638: The first kafana in Belgrade opened sometime after 1738, when the Ottomans recaptured the city from the Austrians. Its name was Crni orao (Black Eagle) and it was located in Dorćol neighbourhood, at the intersection of today's Kralja Petra and Dušanova streets. Its patrons were only served Turkish black coffee poured from silver ibrik into a fildžan as well as nargile . The concept of eating in Serbian kafane

1040-523: The idea of simple inexpensive food served in a French atmosphere has wide appeal, so that by the end of the 20th century the term had "begun to be annexed by more pretentious premises". The etymology is unclear. The Dictionnaire de l'Académie française dates the word from the 19th century term, bistro , "innkeeper", and suggests that it may be linked to the Poitevin word bistraud ("little servant"), or to bistrouille ("cheap liquor"). It recommends

1080-565: The kafana that used to be there from 1860 until 1936. Post World War II period gave a rise in popularity to kafane like Šumatovac , Pod lipom ( transl.  Under the Linden Tree ), and Grmeč in Makedonska Street (nicknamed the 'Bermuda triangle'), Manjež, as well as later establishments like Madera , Kod Ive ( transl.  Ivo's ), and Klub književnika ( transl.  The Writers' Club ). Even

1120-492: The last 15 years in Strahinjića Bana Street, such as Veprov dah , Ipanema , Kandahar , and Dorian Gray , or various new restaurants in downtown Belgrade — none of these places are referred to as kafane , either by their owners or by their patrons. Bistro A bistro or bistrot ( / ˈ b iː s t r oʊ / ), in its original Parisian form, is a small restaurant serving moderately priced, simple meals in

1160-449: The main funds for the center. The DOB organizes numerous programs in the area of contemporary art and culture , as well as educational-debate programs. It aims to encompass all art forms: prose , poetry , music , theatre , film , visual arts , new media and others. It functions as a platform for promoting new artists, ideas and initiatives. Additionally, Belgrade Youth Center is a meeting point for domestic and foreign artists. DOB

1200-471: The mid-1980s, kafić called Nana in Senjak neighbourhood became a favourite tough guy and mobster hangout. The trend of moving away from the term kafana continued into the 1990s, and early 2000s. With gentrification taking root in many parts of central Belgrade, these new establishments mostly stay away from traditionalism. Good examples of this would be the numerous watering holes that have sprung up over

1240-409: The most affluent and important individuals of that city would come to see and be seen. Prices in this particular kafana would usually be higher compared to others around the city that didn't enjoy the privilege of such an exclusive location. The concept of live music was introduced in the early 20th century by kafana owners looking to offer different kinds of entertainment to their guests. Naturally, in

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1280-470: The owners of places that cater to them began avoiding it altogether. Terms such as "kafić", initially and later "kafe" began to be used more frequently. An example would be Zlatni papagaj ( transl.  Golden Parrot ) in Belgrade, a kafić that opened in September 1979 and almost immediately became the main gathering point for the city's well-dressed youngsters from affluent families. Similarly in

1320-423: The spelling "bistrot" in preference to "bistro". The word was used to describe a drinking establishment, estaminet or small popular local restaurant where alcoholic beverages were served. This is also what Emile Zola called an "assommoir" in his famous novel, L'Assommoir . In the early part of the 19th century, the term "gargote" signified a basic style of restaurant, but the term "bistro" or "bistrot"

1360-688: The term kafana is similarly used to describe any informal eatery serving traditional cuisine, as well as some other classical kafana dishes like karađorđeva . The first coffeehouses in the area appeared during the Ottoman expansion in the 16th century, popping up in Belgrade , Buda , Sarajevo and other cities under Ottoman control. Further west, in Zagreb , the first coffee-serving establishments were recorded in 1636. In these kavotočja or Kaffeebuden , coffee and snacks were sold and consumed in

1400-518: The term kafana . However, stereotypical kafanas hold some popularity amongst high-schoolers and students, as well as working-class men, who frequent them as places to binge drink due to their affordable prices. In Croatia , the term for kafana is ka v ana (as coffee is spelled kava in Croatian ) and they differ widely between continental Croatia and the Dalmatian coast . Kafić (pl. kafići )

1440-450: The traditionally upscale restaurant joints like Ruski car ( transl.  Russian Tsar ) and Grčka Kraljica ( transl.  Greek Queen ) weren't above being referred to as kafana. Things have somewhat changed, however, since approximately the 1970s with the influx of Western pop and media cultures taking root. Most of the younger Serbian crowd started to associate the term kafana with something archaic and passé so

1480-620: The venue. Next to "Ginić" was another kafana , "Prozor". The ground floor houses were demolished to make way for the much taller Youth Center building. From 2006 until 2011, the Belgrade Youth Center building underwent reconstruction. The center was founded on 18 October 1964 It is organized as a city owned company, under the auspices of the Secretariate of Culture of the City Assembly of Belgrade , which provides

1520-535: Was estimated that in the case of power shortage or pumps defect, in less than three hours water would flood the building, up to the third row of seats in the Big Hall. The building was fully renovated in the early 2010s and re-opened on 12 March 2011. The edifice has several valuable works of arts. They include the monumental façade mosaic by Lazar Vozarević, a 7 by 9 m (23 by 30 ft) painting of Mića Popović and semi-precious brown stones, gift from Africa. On

1560-463: Was founded in the DOB in 1971. Despite this liberalism in venue's operations, Communist President of Yugoslavia , Josip Broz Tito visited the locale. In the 1990sm after the reintroduction of the multi-party political system, many parties held their founding congresses in the Youth Center. DOB's activities are organized in five centers: Dom omladine is located in the center of Belgrade, near

1600-850: Was introduced in the 19th century when the menu consisted mostly of simply snacks, such as ćevapčići . The menus soon expanded as food became large part of the appeal of Belgrade kafane that originated in the 19th and early 20th century like the famous ″ ? ″ ( transl.  Question Mark ), Lipov lad ( transl.  The Linden Tree's Shade , opened in 1928), and Tri lista duvana ( transl.  Three Tobacco Leaves ), as well as Skadarlija bohemian spots Tri šešira ( transl.  Three Hats ), Dva bela goluba ( transl.  Two White Doves ), Šešir moj ( transl.  Hat of Mine ), Dva jelena ( transl.  Two Deer ), Zlatni bokal ( transl.  The Golden Pitcher ), and Ima dana ( transl.  There are Days ). Another kafana that gained notoriety during

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