Misplaced Pages

#21978

52-804: Beloyarsk may refer to: Beloyarsk, Altai Krai , a former urban-type settlement in Altai Krai , Russia; since 2005—a (rural) settlement Beloyarsk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , a settlement in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , Russia Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station , situated in Beloyarsky District , Sverdlovsk Oblast in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. See also: Beloyarsky (disambiguation) and Bely Yar [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with

104-511: A 2012 survey 22.6% of the population of Altay Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 3% are unaffiliated Christians , 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or are adherents of other Orthodox churches , 1% are adherents of Islam . In addition, 31% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 27% is atheist , and 14.4% follows other religions or did not give an answer to

156-499: A genetic separation of the northern and southern Altaians is undeniable. The southern Altaians are dominated by such variants of the Y chromosome haplogroup as Q-M242 and R1a , and there are also I-M170 and O-M175 . Within the northern Altaians, the R1a haplogroup is dominant, Q-M242 is rarely found, and I-M170 and O-M175 are not found at all. Mitochondrial DNA The maternal genetic ancestry of northern and southern Altaian populations

208-472: A greater variety of West Eurasian haplogroups at low frequencies. Shors, who have sometimes been categorized as northern Altaians,18 exhibited a similar haplogroup profile to other northern Altaian ethnic groups, including moderate frequencies of C, D, and F1, although they lacked others (N9a and U). Haplogroups C and D were the most frequent mtDNA lineages in the Altaians, consistent with the overall picture of

260-728: A separate Burkhanist republic called the Confederated Republic of Altai (Karakorum-Altai Region), although only as part of the Russian Federation. They also hoped to extend its territory to form a larger Oyrot republic that would include other former subjects of the Dzungar Khanate or even all Turkic peoples of Siberia. Many Altai leaders supported the Mensheviks during the Civil War . After

312-403: A sharp part in the middle of the bottom part. Bottom edges of the shield are rounded. The shield is divided with a horizontal stripe into two equal parts. In the upper part has a blue background, which is a symbol of glory, is a steamy oven of the 18th century, which reflects a historical past of the krai. In the bottom part on the red background, which is a symbol of dignity, braveness and courage,

364-585: Is also located in Altai Krai. In January 2019, the average wage in Altai Krai was 23,941 RUB , which was an increase of 6.3% over the previous year. Population : 2,163,693 ( 2021 Census ) ; 2,419,755 ( 2010 Census ) ; 2,607,426 ( 2002 Census ) ; 2,822,305 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.35 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 68.60 years (male   — 64.08, female   — 73.10) According to

416-663: Is an image of the Koluvan Queen of Vases mainly in green color, which is kept in the Hermitage Museum. The shield is framed with golden wheat ears which represent agriculture as a main industry of Altai Krai. During the Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Altai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the most authority), the chairman of

468-467: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Altai Krai The region is named after the Altai Mountains . Altai Krai has rolling foothills, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and mountains. The highest point of the krai is 2,490 metres (8,170 ft) high Mayak Shangina . The climate is severe with long cold dry winters and hot, usually dry summers. The region's main waterway

520-537: Is red, with the leftmost portion blue. The blue portion contains, in golden yellow, a stylized depiction of an upright ear of wheat . Centered in the red field is the coat of arms of the territory. It is derived from the flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . The coat of arms of Altai Krai was established in 2000. It includes a shield of French heraldry form with a basement of 8/10th of its height and

572-543: Is rich with mythology and supernatural beings . Popular deities included Erlik , the god of the underworld, and Oyrot-Khan, a heroic figure who is a composite blend taken from historical Zungarian (Oirat) Khans and ancient legendary heroes. However, with many migrations, settlement changes, and the presence of Russians and their eventual union with the Russian Empire , the Altaians encountered three world religions: Buddhism , Christianity , and Islam . At first,

SECTION 10

#1732793719022

624-635: Is the Ob River , which gives its name to the Ob Plateau . The Biya and Katun Rivers are also important. The biggest lakes are Lake Kulunda , Lake Kuchuk , Bolshoye Topolnoye , Bolshoye Yarovoye and Lake Mikhaylov . Altai Krai has rich natural resources, including lumber, as well as significant mineral reserves. These include the nonferrous metals lead , manganese , tungsten , molybdenum , bauxite , and gold , as well as iron ore . Forests cover about 60,000 km (23,000 sq mi) of

676-552: The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia and studied at Buddhist centers of learning before and after the rise of the Burkhanist movement in the early 20th century; indicating a significant Buddhist influence on the new religion. Around 1904, the development of Burkhanism among the Altaians was underway. Burkhanism is a monotheistic religion named after Ak-Burkhan, a deity who is believed and recognized by its adherents to have been

728-577: The Bolshevik victory, a separate Oyrot Autonomous Oblast was established as a national home for the Altais. In the 1940s, during World War II, Joseph Stalin 's government accused Altai nationalists of being pro-Japanese . After the war, the word "Oyrot" was declared to be counter-revolutionary due to its associations with the idea of a larger Oyrot state that could secede from the USSR. Because of that,

780-471: The Denisova Cave in Altai Krai. This area is part of a great crossroads in the ancient world. Nomadic tribes crossed through the territory during periods of migration. These nomadic tribes consisted of different peoples. Archeological sites reveal that ancient humans lived in the area. The Altay people are a Turkic people , some of whom settled here, who were originally nomadic and date back to

832-674: The Federation Council - Sergey Belousov and Alexander Karlin . The chairperson of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of that legislature . As of 2013 the Krai's largest enterprises were supermarket chain Maria-Ra  [ ru ] , coke fuel producer Altai-Koks and rolling stock manufacturer Altaivagon. Evalar - a prominent dietary supplement manufacturer -

884-699: The Mongols . The origin of the Southern Altaians can be traced during this period from the result of the mixing of Kipchak and Mongol tribes. Meanwhile, the Northern Altaians were a result of the fusion of Turkic tribes with Samoyeds , Kets , and other indigenous Siberian ethnic groups. The Altaians were annexed by the Four Oirat of Western Mongols in the 16th century. The Mongols called them " Telengid " or " Telengid aimag " in

936-836: The Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 255 dated March 24, 2000 , the Chelkans, Kumandins, Telengits, Teleuts, and Tubalars were recognized as separate ethnic groups as well as the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East . However, in the 2010 Russian Census , the only recognized distinct ethnic groups are the Kumandins and Teleuts. The Altai region came within

988-531: The State Duma of the 7th convocation (2016–2021), Altai Krai is represented by 10 deputies: Nikolai Gerasimenko , Victor Zobnev , Daniil Bessarabov , Oleg Bykov, Valery Yelykomov, Natalya Kuvshinova, Ivan Loor , and Alexander Prokopyev from United Russia; from A Just Russia - Alexander Terentyev ; from the Communist Party - Sergey Shargunov . Two representatives of the region work in

1040-474: The taiga (boreal forests). However, some Altaians also engaged in small scale agriculture , gathering , and fishing . Most of the Southern Altaians traditionally lived in yurts . Many Northern Altaians mainly built polygonal yurts with conic roofs made out of logs and bark. Some Altai-Kizhi also lived in mud huts with birch bark gable roofs and log or plank walling. The Teleuts and a few Northern Altaians lived in conic homes made out of perches or bark. With

1092-673: The 18th century. In the Tsarist period , the Altai were also known as Oirot or Oyrot (this name means " Oirat " and would later be carried on for the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast ). The name was inherited from their being former subjects of the 17th-century Oirat -led Dzungar Khanate . The Altai report that many of them became addicted to the Russians' vodka , which they called "fire water". With regard to religion, some of

SECTION 20

#1732793719022

1144-948: The 2nd millennium BC. The territory of the krai has been controlled by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC–93 AD), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), the Golden Horde , the Northern Yuan (1368–1691) and the Zunghar Khanate (1634–1758). After the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , the policy of war communism

1196-584: The Altai people. At present, shamanism is practiced by many Telengits, although there is a large amount that also profess Orthodox Christianity. Burkhanism is the main religion of the Altai-Kizhi, the largest group of Altaians, but there is a significant number of Orthodox Christians. The majority of Kumandins, Tubalars, Teleuts, and Chelkans are Russian Orthodox, although there is a significant minority that practice shamanism. A few Altaians are Evangelical Christians and Tibetan Buddhists . In principle,

1248-481: The Altai region, which is especially popular among Altaian youth. According to recent statistical studies, up to 70% or 86 % (data of the Research State Institute of Altaic Studies) of the Altaians continue to profess the "Altai Faith": Burkhanism, shamanism, and other native religions . According to Natalia Zhukovskaia , traditional Altai shamanism is the supreme religion of the majority of

1300-464: The Altai remained shamanists and others (in a trend beginning in the mid-19th century) have converted to the Russian Orthodox Church . In 1904, a millenarian indigenist religious movement called Ak-Jang or Burkhanism arose among these people. Prior to 1917, the Altai were considered to be made up of many different ethnic groups. With the rise of the 1917 Russian revolution , Altai nationalists and Socialist-Revolutionaries attempted to make

1352-519: The Altaians also live in Mongolia ( Altai Mountains ) and China ( Altay Prefecture , Xinjiang ) but are not officially recognized as a distinct group and listed under the name "Oirats" as a part of the Mongols , as well as in Kazakhstan where they number around 200. For alternative ethnonyms see also Tele , Black Tatar , and Oirats . During the Northern Yuan dynasty , they were ruled in

1404-501: The Altaians were indifferent and at times even hostile to these foreign faiths and their expansion in the region (modern Altai Republic ). In 1829, a Russian Orthodox mission was founded in the region soon after it became a protectorate of the Russian Empire . The mission and its missionaries were initially culturally sensitive and tolerant to the Altaians and their customs. However, the rise of Russian nationalism during

1456-754: The Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Altai Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Altai Krai is the regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising

1508-631: The Soviet state collectivised the livestock and husbandry activities of the Altai population within Altai Krai, resulting in local resistance to the measures and their subsequent migration, with their herds, to China and Mongolia. In June 1942 Altai Krai was one of the territories to which the families of men deported from Eastern Europe, in particular "foreigners" and "other ethnicities" such as Kola Norwegians , Lithuanians and Latvians , by Soviet Russia to GULAG hard labor camps. The flag of Altai Krai

1560-604: The administrative area known as Telengid Province. The Altaians are represented by two ethnographic groups: The Northern and Southern Altaians formed in the Altai area on the basis of tribes of Kimek - Kipchaks . In the Soviet Union until 1991 and the Russian Federation until 2000, the authorities considered the Northern Altaians and the Teleuts to be part of the Altai people. Currently, according to

1612-403: The chaos. This was believed to have occurred because ancient religious beliefs could be easily orally transmitted from generation to another. It's also likely that no Burkhanist texts survived the repression and main sources for the beliefs of the religion come from Russian missionaries, travellers, and scholars. Recently, both Burkhanism and traditional Altai shamanism have seen a revival in

Beloyarsk - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-483: The division into the Burkhanists and shamanists has ceased to be relevant for the contemporary religiosity of the Altaians. According to a number of studies, by the beginning of the 21st century, there were practically no traditional shamans or classical Burkhanists anti-shamanists. The main one was the single " Altai Faith " ( Altay : Алтай јаҥ , romanized:  Altai jang )—a traditional ethnic religion in

1716-441: The fact that most Altaians today wear modern clothes, traditional wear still remains in use. Altai cuisine consists of soups of horseflesh or mutton . Dishes with gopher , badger , marmot , fermented milk , cream (from boiled milk), blood pudding, butter, fried barley flour, and certain vegetables are also staples of Altai cuisine. Popular drinks include aryki (hard liquor made from kumis ). Traditional Altai shamanism

1768-491: The faith among the Altaians during the 19th century. The Buddhist missionaries also encouraged the Altaians to unite together against the Russians. However, their activities and preaching were suppressed both by the Russian state and Orthodox Christian missionaries. Buddhism made little headway among the Altaians but many Buddhist ideas and principles filtered into Altai spiritual beliefs. However, some Altaians reportedly visited

1820-604: The form of a synthesis of Burkhanism with the remnants of Altai shamanism, Mongolian and Tibetan Buddhism , and other tribal beliefs and customs. Y Chromosome Altai population can be divided into northern and southern clusters based on linguistics, culture, and genetics. According to a 2012 study that analyzed mtDNA (by PCR - RFLP analysis and control region sequencing) and nonrecombinant Y-DNA (by scoring more than 100 biallelic markers and 17 Y-STRs ) obtained from Altaian samples, northern Altaians are genetically more similar to Yeniseian , Ugric , and Samoyeds to

1872-552: The implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Krai Administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of

1924-405: The influx of Russians near the homeland of the Altaians, there was an increase of the construction of large huts with two to four slope roofs in consequence of Russian influence. Despite the many social and political changes the Altaians have endured, many modern and settled families still keep a yurt in their yards. These yurts are usually used as a summertime kitchen or extra room. Historically,

1976-479: The krai's land. See also Geography of South-Central Siberia . This region of Siberia is extremely important due to its biodiversity , an area of over 1.6 million hectares (16,000 square kilometres; 6,200 square miles) is recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . The area is home to animals considered rare, including the endangered snow leopard . Bone fragments of the Denisova hominin originate from

2028-878: The late 19th century caused the Russification of Orthodox Christianity in the country, and the mostly Russian clergy in Siberia also took up the ideology. This created intolerant views of the natives of Siberia (including the Altaians) and of their culture. This led to the rejection of Christianity by many Altaians, who saw it as a foreign Russian religion. However, Russian rule continued to grow increasingly strict both politically and religiously. Russian Orthodox missionaries regularly confiscated land from Altaians who refused to convert to Christianity. Altaians were often forcefully converted to Christianity. Mongolian and Tibetan Buddhist missionaries attempted to spread

2080-532: The north, while southern Altaians having greater affinities to other Turkic speaking populations of southern Siberia and Central Asia. The same study conducted a high-resolution analysis of Y chromosome Haplogroup Q-M242 that was found in Altaian samples and concluded that southern Altaians and indigenous peoples of the Americas share a recent common ancestor . According to a new study by Russian geneticists,

2132-609: The oblast was renamed to Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast . By 1950, Soviet industrialization policies and development in this area resulted in considerable migration of Russians to this republic, reducing the proportion of Altai in the total population from 50% to 20%. In 1990, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast was declared an autonomous republic, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , which

Beloyarsk - Misplaced Pages Continue

2184-588: The observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . On August   7, 2005, the krai's then-head of administration Mikhail Yevdokimov died in a car crash. In the regional parliament election held in 2016, the United Russia party received 44 seats; the A Just Russia party received 6; the Communist Party and Liberal Democratic Party received 8 each. In

2236-547: The period of the Northern Yuan dynasty , with the region known as Telengid Province. After the fall of the Zunghar Khanate in the 18th century, the Altaians were subjugated by the Qing dynasty , which referred to them as Altan Nuur Uriyangkhai . Altaians are genetically related to the Uriyangkhai , which is a common neighbouring Oirat Mongol ethnic group in Mongolia . The Altai people came into contact with Russians in

2288-533: The question. Altay people The Altai people ( Altay : Алтай-кижи , romanized:  Altay-kiji , pronounced [ɑltɑj-kidʒi] ), also the Altaians ( Altay : Алтайлар , romanized:  Altaylar , pronounced [ɑltɑjlɑr] ), are a Turkic ethnic group of indigenous peoples of Siberia mainly living in the Altai Republic , Russia . Several thousand of

2340-558: The same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beloyarsk&oldid=831569023 " Category : Set index articles on populated places in Russia Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

2392-587: The sole god. Burkhanism was opposed to both the Russians and the traditional Altai shamans. The hostility towards the shamans was so great that the shamans had to seek protection from Russian authorities. The rise of the Bolsheviks in the first quarter of the 20th century also led to the brutal repression of all religions , which included the indigenous faiths of the Altai people. For the next few decades, public expressions of religion severely declined with only shamanistic and ancient polytheistic beliefs surviving

2444-731: The sphere of influence of the Scythians , Xiongnu , the Rouran Khaganate , the Turkic Khanganate , the Uyghur Empire , and the Yenisei Kyrgyz . According to one study in 2016, the Altaians, precisely some Southern Altaians, assimilated local Yeniseian people which were closely related to the Paleo-Eskimo groups. From the 13th to 18th century, the Altai people were dominated politically and culturally by

2496-484: The total population of the republic, compared with 56.6% with a Russian background, Altaian families are the majority only in certain villages. However, Altaian culture is still the local culture between people and communities. The Southern Altaians were mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic livestock holders. They raised horses , goats , sheep , and cattle . The Northern Altaians mainly engaged in hunting as their primary form of subsistence. Their main prey were animals from

2548-402: The traditional clothing of Southern Altaian men and women was very similar with little differences between the two. Average clothing consisted of long shirts with wide breeches, robes, and fur coats. Other apparel often included fur hats, high boots, and sheepskin coats. Northern Altaians and some Teleuts traditionally wore short breeches, linen shirts, and single-breasted oriental robes. Despite

2600-650: Was explored by characterizing coding region SNPs and control region sequences from 490 inhabitants of the Altai Republic. Differences in mtDNA haplogroup profiles were observed among northern Altaian ethnic groups and between northern Altaians and Altai-kizhi, with the Chelkans being extraordinarily distinct. Nevertheless, comparisons among other Altaian ethnic groups revealed some consistent patterns. mtDNA haplogroups B, C, D, and U4 were found in all Altaian populations, but at varying frequencies, whereas southern Altaians (Altai-kizhi, Telengits, and Teleuts) tended to have

2652-471: Was imposed on the rural population of Altai Krai, destroying the livelihood of many local farmers. In response, the peasant rebellion of Sorokino broke out in 1921; this uprising was quickly crushed by the Red Army . Many locals who had taken part in the rebellion were later put on trial and convicted to hard labor or execution, in accordance with NKVD Order No. 00447 in 1937. During the interwar period,

SECTION 50

#1732793719022

2704-470: Was renamed to the Altai Republic in 1992. In the early 21st century, ethnic Altaians make up about 31% of the Altai Republic's population. Today, the special interests of the Altaians are articulated and defended by the Association of Northern Ethnoses of Altai. According to the 2010 Russian census, there was a total of 69,963 Altaians who resided within the Altai Republic. This represented 34.5% of

#21978