Misplaced Pages

#945054

55-461: Bellingwolde ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˌbɛlɪŋˈʋɔldə] ; Gronings : Bennewolle ) is a village with a population of 2,655 people in the municipality Westerwolde in the Netherlands . It is situated in the southeast of the region Oldambt , in the north of the region Westerwolde , and in the east of the province Groningen , at the border with Germany . The settlement dates back to

110-485: A glottal stop , thus making the words ending in [ʔŋ] , [ʔn] or [ʔm] . The Groningen people speak quite fast compared to the Dutch people, with the result that a lot of words are pronounced together as one word. Gronings is also a dialect with many unique expressions. One third of the language consists of these expressions. In the example sentence n hail ìnde is an example of those expressions. Many of these are given in

165-437: A population is often defined as a set of organisms in which any pair of members can breed together. They can thus routinely exchange gametes in order to have usually fertile progeny, and such a breeding group is also known therefore as a gamodeme. This also implies that all members belong to the same species. If the gamodeme is very large (theoretically, approaching infinity), and all gene alleles are uniformly distributed by

220-476: A few programs, most notably the Chinese government's one-child per family policy, have resorted to coercive measures. In the 1970s, tension grew between population control advocates and women's health activists who advanced women's reproductive rights as part of a human rights -based approach. Growing opposition to the narrow population control focus led to a significant change in population control policies in

275-408: A group of human beings with some predefined feature in common, such as location, race , ethnicity , nationality , or religion . In ecology , a population is a group of organisms of the same species which inhabit the same geographical area and are capable of interbreeding . The area of a sexual population is the area where interbreeding is possible between any opposite-sex pair within

330-539: A large group of very differing varieties. Some linguists see it as a variety of Low German , also called Nedersaksisch in the Netherlands, but there is controversy surrounding whether all the dialects that have been called Low German are similar enough to be placed in one category. Other linguists, especially in Germany, see Gronings–East Frisian as a separate group of German dialects . The East Frisian influence,

385-455: A secondary school in the village. The origins of Bellingwolde, which was built on a sand ridge dividing the clay and peat ground, are in the 11th century. The settlement flooded many times until parts of the Dollard were impoldered in the 16th century. The agricultural settlement started to prosper in the 18th century. Large farmhouses were built in the 19th century. Bellingwolde

440-525: A separate group of Northwest Low Saxon or Friso-Saxon dialects. The most important similarities are grammar features and the vocabulary. The most important differences are the writing system and the loanwords. The East Frisian writing system is based on High German while Gronings uses many Dutch features. For example, the word for “ice skate” is in Gronings “scheuvel” and in East Frisian “Schöfel”, while

495-647: A state protected village area (Dutch: beschermd dorpsgezicht ) with many monumental buildings among which are the Magnus Church (16th century), the Law House (17th century), the Veldkamp's Mill (19th century), and about twenty farmhouses . The Museum de Oude Wolden is a regional museum about the art and history of Oldambt and Westerwolde. It has a permanent exhibition of paintings by magic realist Lodewijk Bruckman and temporary exhibitions. There

550-510: A strong provincialism in the first half of the 19th century caused Gronings to develop itself in a significant way. The sounds that are used today were formed in this period. Today, according to an investigation among the listeners to the regional broadcasting station ( Radio Noord ), approximately 65% of them can speak and write Gronings. Perhaps, if the larger cities and villages of Groningen , Hoogezand-Sappemeer , Veendam , Stadskanaal , Delfzijl and Winschoten are excluded from this count,

605-441: Is Wymeer . Bellingwolde is an administrative district ( Dutch : wijk ) and neighbourhood (Dutch: buurt ). The Bellingwolde district has a total area of 4,364 ha (16.85 sq mi) of which 4,295 ha (16.58 sq mi) is land and 69 ha (0.27 sq mi) is water. It is one of three districts in the municipality of Bellingwedde, the other two being Oost and Blijham. The Bellingwolde district contains

SECTION 10

#1732794546946

660-503: Is De Wegwijzer. The secondary school Dollard College has a location with 170 students in Bellingwolde. At this school location, the students can do the first two years of vmbo , havo , and vwo , and the final two years of the vmbo theoretical program. There are no institutions for tertiary education located in Bellingwolde. Gronings dialect The name Gronings can almost be defined geographically, as can be seen on

715-584: Is a public library , which is opened three days per week. The provincial road N969 connects Bellingwolde to Blijham in the west and Rhederbrug and the German border in the southeast. The provincial road N973 connects Bellingwolde to Vriescheloo and Wedde in the southwest, but is discontinued as a numbered road in northeastern direction. The nearest highway is the A7 ( E22 ) with its nearest exit at Oudeschans just north of Bellingwolde. The nearest railway

770-441: Is located in the northeast of the municipality Westerwolde in the east of the province Groningen in the northeast of the Netherlands . The village is in the southeast of the region Oldambt and in the north of the region Westerwolde , situated between the river Westerwoldse Aa in the west and the canal B.L. Tijdenskanaal in the east. The nearest city Winschoten is 8 km to the west. In between Winschoten and Bellingwolde

825-516: Is much more related to Gronings . In the easternmost part of the Frisian municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân , the western dialect called Westerkwartiers is also spoken, as well as a separate Groningen dialect called Kollumerpompsters . The latter is spoken in the Frisian village of Kollumerpomp and has more West Frisian influences, while most Groningen dialects have a strong influence from

880-609: Is not even known to the nearest million, so there is a considerable margin of error in such estimates. Researcher Carl Haub calculated that a total of over 100 billion people have probably been born in the last 2000 years. Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the rate of population growth due to medical advances and substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly beginning in

935-611: Is often referred to as the demographic transition . Human population planning is the practice of altering the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, human population control has been implemented with the goal of limiting the rate of population growth. In the period from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about global population growth and its effects on poverty, environmental degradation , and political stability led to efforts to reduce population growth rates. While population control can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction,

990-570: Is pronounced like a in the British English word “water” ([ɔː]). In Gronings this sound is written like oa. The word water would be written like “woatah” in Gronings. The pronunciation of the word “quaad” is similar to the Gronings word “kwoad”, which means “angry”. The East Frisian combination ee and eei (for example in neet ) are pronounced like the y in the English word “fly” ([aɪ]) ( [naɪt] ; Gronings: nyt )*. After Limburgish , Gronings

1045-463: Is seen as an essential factor contrasting with the greater influence of High German languages found in the dialects on the other side of the national border. These influences concern especially the vocabulary: for example the Dutch word "voorbeeld" is "veurbeeld" in Gronings, while the East Frisian dialects use "biespööl" , related to the High German word "beispiel" . From this point of view

1100-555: Is spoken, are interested in the language and are willing to take courses. There are two types of courses. The first one is understanding and the second one is understanding and speaking. Every year around March Het Huis van de Groninger Cultuur ( English : House of the Groningen Culture) organises a writing contest in every municipality in Groningen. Everyone can participate and send in a poem or some prose. The winners of

1155-540: Is the Harlingen–Nieuweschans railway north of Bellingwolde, with its nearest stations in Winschoten and Bad Nieuweschans . There are two bus lines, operated by Qbuzz , passing through Bellingwolde and connecting it to nearby settlements and the two railway stations: There are three primary schools located in Bellingwolde. The two public schools are Oosterschool and Westerschool. The Protestant school

SECTION 20

#1732794546946

1210-402: Is the dialect with the farthest distance from Standard Dutch. Reasons for this are vocabulary and pronunciation. The Gronings vocabulary is quite different from Dutch, for example: The pronunciation differs from the writing system. The -en ending of many words is pronounced like (ə or ən) in most varieties of Dutch . In Gronings and many other Low Saxon dialects these words are pronounced with

1265-405: Is the village Blijham . In the northwest it is close to the village Oudeschans , which used to be called Bellingwolderschans ( Sconce of Bellingwolde). In the south Bellingwolde is connected with the village Vriescheloo and the hamlet Rhederbrug . Bellingwolde is at the border of the Netherlands and Germany . The nearest German city is Papenburg , 16 km to the east, and the closest village

1320-409: Is titled Gezondhaid en Groutnis (sanity and greetings). Although Gronings, as part of Low Saxon, is an official language, it is not a mandatory subject in schools. Still, many primary schools in Groningen choose to give attention to the regional language. This attention varies from inviting storytellers to teaching about the language. In secondary schools Gronings does not receive much attention. At

1375-654: Is used less, but the weather forecast is always presented in Gronings. The news is always presented in Dutch, since not all viewers understand Gronings. In the second half of 2007, the local television broadcast a series in Gronings called Boven Wotter  [ nds-nl ] . Another program that is in and about Gronings is Grunnegers , which is actually some kind of education in Gronings. Examples of Gronings magazines are Toal en Taiken  [ nds-nl ] (language and signs) and Krödde  [ nds-nl ] , which actually means cannabis . There are many Gronings dictionaries as well. The first official dictionary

1430-715: Is very likely that the world's population will stop growing before the end of the 21st century. Further, there is some likelihood that population will actually decline before 2100. Population has already declined in the last decade or two in Eastern Europe, the Baltics and in the former Commonwealth of Independent States. The population pattern of less-developed regions of the world in recent years has been marked by gradually declining birth rates. These followed an earlier sharp reduction in death rates. This transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

1485-602: The East Frisian language . Gronings can be subdivided into eight dialects: Though there are several differences between the dialects, they form a single dialect group. Most words are written the same way, but the pronunciation can differ. The examples, all using the sentence "The only thing we're not doing is giving out sweets", show the pronunciation. There are many uncertainties about the classification and categorization of Gronings. Words used in classifying it are often more political than linguistic, because it encompasses

1540-458: The University of Groningen it is possible to study the language. In October 2007 Gronings became an official study within the faculty of letteren (language and literature). Another possible way to learn Gronings is taking classes. In the last few years the trend of people taking courses has risen. More and more people, also people from outside who come to live in the area in which Gronings

1595-459: The 'Nieuwe Groninger Woordenboek' by K. ter Laan published in 1977, (1280pp). Because of this far distance from Standard Dutch and the official status of the neighbouring West Frisian , Gronings is considered as a separate language by some of its native speakers, while linguists consider it part of Dutch Low Saxon . Lord’s Prayer The Gronings vocabulary is strongly related to East Frisian Low Saxon, Saterfrisian and West Frisian. However, today

1650-467: The 11th century. It flooded multiple times until the 16th century. In the 18th and 19th century agriculture prospered and large farmhouses were built. It was a separate municipality until it merged with Wedde into Bellingwedde in 1968. Bellingwolde has a state protected village area with several monumental farmhouses. Other attractions are the Magnus Church , the Law House , Veldkamp's Mill , and Museum de Oude Wolden . There are four primary schools and

1705-569: The 1960s, made by the Green Revolution . In 2017 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population would reach about 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100. In the future, the world's population is expected to peak at some point, after which it will decline due to economic reasons, health concerns, land exhaustion and environmental hazards. According to one report, it

Bellingwolde - Misplaced Pages Continue

1760-401: The Dutch word is much easier. An example of the latter is the word for sock, which is "Hozevörrel" in Gronings. The Dutch word "sok" is much easier, so it is more often used than hozevörrel. Some often used Gronings words are listed below: Population Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area. Governments conduct a census to quantify

1815-422: The Gronings vocabulary is in decline. More and more Gronings words are being replaced by Dutch words that have been "Groningized". For example, the word "stevel" (boot, German "Stiefel") is sometimes replaced by the word "leers" (Dutch "laars"). Although most people do know the Gronings words, they are less and less used, for example because people think others will not understand them or because they are too long and

1870-459: The Netherlands. This percentage is divided into 10% Western allochtonen and 10% non-Western allochtonen . There is an asylum seekers ' center ( Dutch : asielzoekerscentrum ) in Bellingwolde, where refugees from Syria and other countries are housed pending the outcome of their asylum procedures. In 2015, the Bellingwolde district had a total population of 4,205 and a population density of 96/km (250/sq mi). Since 2009, Bellingwolde has

1925-496: The United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion on 24 February 2006. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after the world population reached 5 billion in 1987, and six years after the world population reached 5.5 billion in 1993. The population of countries such as Nigeria

1980-482: The area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals from other areas. In humans , interbreeding is unrestricted by racial differences, as all humans belong to the same species of Homo sapiens. In ecology, the population of a certain species in a certain area can be estimated using the Lincoln index to calculate the total population of an area based on the number of individuals observed. In genetics,

2035-480: The breaking up of a large sexual population (panmictic) into smaller overlapping sexual populations. This failure of panmixia leads to two important changes in overall population structure: (1) the component gamodemes vary (through gamete sampling) in their allele frequencies when compared with each other and with the theoretical panmictic original (this is known as dispersion, and its details can be estimated using expansion of an appropriate binomial equation ); and (2)

2090-567: The city of Groningen ), while the city, the surrounding rural area called Gorecht  [ nds-nl ] and the eastern lordship of Westerwolde were Low Saxon. When the city of Groningen developed an important position in the Ommelanden, a switch from East Frisian to Saxon occurred, although it was not a complete switch because there are many East Frisian influences in the "new" Groningen language. Many East Frisian words and grammatic features are still in use today. In less than one century,

2145-580: The different ages succeed to the provincial round. Notable Groningen musical artists include Wia Buze, Alje van Bolhuis, Alex Vissering, Eltje Doddema, Pé Daalemmer & Rooie Rinus, Burdy, Wat Aans!, Hail Gewoon, Erwin de Vries, and Ede Staal (†). Every year the supply of successful artists in regional languages in the Netherlands is rising. Some linguists classify Gronings to North Low Saxon, to which also East Frisian Low Saxon belongs. Both related dialects are characterized by an East Frisian influence. Hence other linguists classify Gronings-East Frisian as

2200-691: The gametes within it, the gamodeme is said to be panmictic. Under this state, allele ( gamete ) frequencies can be converted to genotype ( zygote ) frequencies by expanding an appropriate quadratic equation , as shown by Sir Ronald Fisher in his establishment of quantitative genetics. This seldom occurs in nature: localization of gamete exchange – through dispersal limitations, preferential mating, cataclysm, or other cause – may lead to small actual gamodemes which exchange gametes reasonably uniformly within themselves but are virtually separated from their neighboring gamodemes. However, there may be low frequencies of exchange with these neighbors. This may be viewed as

2255-463: The level of homozygosity rises in the entire collection of gamodemes. The overall rise in homozygosity is quantified by the inbreeding coefficient (f or φ). All homozygotes are increased in frequency – both the deleterious and the desirable. The mean phenotype of the gamodemes collection is lower than that of the panmictic original – which is known as inbreeding depression. It is most important to note, however, that some dispersion lines will be superior to

Bellingwolde - Misplaced Pages Continue

2310-541: The map below. This is especially true for the northern part of Drenthe (number 8 on that map). Drents , spoken in the north of the province of Drenthe ( Noordenveld ) is somewhat related with the Groninger language, but the core linguistics is Drents . For the dialects in the southeast, called Veenkoloniaals , it is a bit different on both sides of the Groningen-Drenthe border, as the dialect spoken there

2365-457: The neighbourhoods Bellingwolde, Vriescheloo, Rhederbrug (western part), Oudeschans, Klein-Ulsda , and some scattered houses. The Bellingwolde neighbourhood has a total area of 451 ha (1.74 sq mi) of which 445 ha (1.72 sq mi) is land and 6 ha (0.023 sq mi) is water. In 2015, the Bellingwolde neighborhood had a total population of 2,400, of which 1,230 were men and 1,170 are women. The population density

2420-418: The panmictic original, while some will be about the same, and some will be inferior. The probabilities of each can be estimated from those binomial equations. In plant and animal breeding , procedures have been developed which deliberately utilize the effects of dispersion (such as line breeding, pure-line breeding, backcrossing). Dispersion-assisted selection leads to the greatest genetic advance (ΔG=change in

2475-482: The percentage would rise to about 80%. Of course, this is not a representative picture of the linguistic capacity of the inhabitants of Groningen province. Most of the older people use Gronings as their main language. Until the second half of the 20th century, Gronings was more important in Groningen than Dutch. Younger people also speak the language, however in a regiolectical mixed way, because many pure Gronings words are lost. The youngest generation passed to Dutch. Since

2530-771: The phenotypic mean), and is much more powerful than selection acting without attendant dispersion. This is so for both allogamous (random fertilization) and autogamous (self-fertilization) gamodemes. According to the UN, the world's population surpassed 8 billion on 15 November 2022, an increase of 1 billion since 12 March 2012. According to a separate estimate by the United Nations, Earth's population exceeded seven billion in October 2011. According to UNFPA , growth to such an extent offers unprecedented challenges and opportunities to all of humanity. According to papers published by

2585-578: The pronunciation is almost alike. Here are a few examples of words compared to West Frisian, East Frisian Low Saxon, German, Dutch and English. The East Frisian combination oo (for example in Bloot/Blood = blood) is pronounced like ow in the English word “now” ([aʊ]) ( [blaʊt] ; Gronings: blowd ). In some parts of the Rheiderland they say blyowt , which is a leftover of Frisian in this area. The East Frisian combination aa (for example in quaad )

2640-535: The same process also started in East Frisia , from the city of Emden, which was influenced by the Hanseatic League . This explains the strong relation between both varieties. In the second half of the 16th century Gronings started to evolve towards Middle Dutch because of the strong influence of the new standard language. But because of the political, geographical and cultural isolation of Groningen,

2695-416: The second half of the 20th century, the usage of the language is declining. Because of globalization, other languages like Dutch and English are becoming more important. Parents today choose to raise their children in the Dutch language. In the media Gronings is used frequently. For example, on the local radio station Radio Noord , Gronings is used by the presenters and listeners. On local television Gronings

2750-474: The separation is not between Westphalian and Groningen–East Frisian (or North Low Saxon), but rather between Groningen on one side and East Frisian on the other, with the national border also functioning as the linguistic border. The Gronings dialects are a kind of mix between two languages: Old Frisian ( East Frisian ) and Middle Low German. East Frisian was spoken in the Ommelanden (surrounding lands of

2805-549: The size of a resident population within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals , microorganisms , and plants , and has specific uses within such fields as ecology and genetics . The word population is derived from the Late Latin populatio (a people, a multitude), which itself is derived from the Latin word populus (a people). In sociology and population geography , population refers to

SECTION 50

#1732794546946

2860-451: The sounds ou , ai and ui and the typical accent are part of that distinction. Other linguists categorize all Gronings–East Frisian dialects as part of North Low German. When that is the case, all the other Low German varieties in the Netherlands are categorized as Westphalian . Dutch linguists in particular have classified Gronings as Dutch Low Saxon . In this case the Dutch influence

2915-407: Was 530/km (1,400/sq mi). Of the total population 43% was unmarried , 42% was married , 8% was widowed , and 7% was divorced . The district had 1,130 households , 37% were single-person households, 32% were multi-person households without children, and 30% were multi-person households with children. 20% of the total population was allochtoon , a person with at least one parent born outside

2970-435: Was a separate municipality until 1 September 1968, when it was merged with Wedde to form the new municipality Bellingwedde . The former municipality contained the villages of Bellingwolde, Oudeschans , and Vriescheloo , and the hamlets of Klein-Ulsda and Rhederbrug . Bellingwolde became part of the new municipality of Westerwolde in 2018, when the municipalities of Bellingwedde and Vlagtwedde merged. Bellingwolde

3025-431: Was the "Nieuw Groninger Woordenboek" and was put together by Kornelis ter Laan . This dictionary and the writing system used in the book became the basics of each dictionary and writing system ever since. More recent is "Zakwoordenboek Gronings – Nederlands / Nederlands – Gronings" by Siemon Reker  [ nl ] , which is a little less specific. K. G. Pieterman wrote a dictionary of Gronings alliterations which

#945054