Misplaced Pages

#962037

79-458: During the disaster of Air France flight AF447 , Benxi Iron and Steel Company lost 5 employees, including the executive Chen Chiping who was the wife of Liaoning's provincial governor. As early as 400,000 years ago, there were people living in Benxi prefecture, which was indicated by Miaohou Mountain ruins with human fossils and stone tools explored in this region. The worst coal mining disaster in

158-678: A monsoon -influenced humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ), characterised by hot, humid summers, due to the East Asian monsoon , and long, cold and windy, but dry winters, due to the Siberian anticyclone . The four seasons here are distinctive. Nearly half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August alone. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) in January to 24.0 °C (75.2 °F) in July, and

237-552: A 5 km (3 mi; 3 nmi) band 650 km (400 mi; 350 nmi) north-east of Fernando de Noronha Island, near the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago . The sighted wreckage included an aircraft seat, an orange buoy, a barrel, and "white pieces and electrical conductors". Later that day, after meeting with relatives of the Brazilians on the aircraft, Brazilian Defence Minister Nelson Jobim announced that

316-544: A break in the A330's rest cabin , located behind the cockpit. In accordance with common practice, Captain Dubois sent First Officer Robert for the first rest period with the intention of taking the second break himself. At 01:55 UTC, he woke up First Officer Robert and said, "... he's going to take my place". After attending the briefing between the two co-pilots, the captain left the cockpit to rest at 02:01:46 UTC. At 02:06 UTC,

395-530: A communication dead zone. The Airbus A330 is designed to be flown by two pilots, but the 13-hour "duty time" (the total flight duration, as well as preflight preparation) required for the Rio-Paris route exceeded the 10 hours permitted before a pilot had to take a break as dictated by Air France's procedures. To comply with these procedures, Flight 447 was crewed by three pilots: a captain and two first officers. With three pilots on board, each pilot could take

474-461: A cruise speed range of Mach 0.82–0.86 (470–493 knots or 870–913 kilometres per hour or 541–567 miles per hour), at 35,000 feet (11,000 m) of altitude and a range of 12,500 km (6,700 nmi; 7,800 mi). The aircraft underwent a major overhaul on 16 April 2009, and at the time of the accident had accumulated about 18,870 flying hours. The aircraft was carrying 216 passengers, 3 aircrew, and 9 cabin crew in two cabins of service. Among

553-452: A daily discharge of 14,000 m (3,700,000 US gal). Currently 2,800 m (1.7 mi) of the cave has been developed for tourism, with a dock 300 m (330 yd) into the entrance and a 1,000 m (11,000 sq ft) docking bay large enough to park 40 boats. Temperature inside the cave is constant throughout the year, at around 12 °C (54 °F), though slightly warmer in summer than winter. In addition to

632-431: A disagreement existed between the three independent air data systems . At 02:13 UTC, a fault message for the flight management guidance and envelope computer was sent. One of the two final messages transmitted at 02:14 UTC was a warning referring to the air data reference system, the other ADVISORY was a "cabin vertical speed warning", indicating that the aircraft was descending at a high rate. Weather conditions in

711-457: A large portion of the debris field from flight AF447. Further debris and bodies, still trapped in the partly intact remains of the aircraft's fuselage, were at a depth of 3,980 metres (2,180 fathoms; 13,060 ft). The debris was found lying in a relatively flat and silty area of the ocean floor (as opposed to the extremely mountainous topography originally believed to be AF447's final resting place). Other items found were engines, wing parts and

790-552: A million square kilometers of ocean. Other aircraft involved in the search scanned, visually, 320,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi; 93,000 sq nmi) of ocean and were used to direct Navy vessels involved in the recovery effort. By 16 June 2009, 50 bodies had been recovered from a wide area of the ocean. They were transported to shore, first by the frigates Constituição and Bosísio to Fernando de Noronha, and thereafter by air to Recife for identification. Pathologists identified all 50 bodies recovered from

869-401: A probability map of where to focus the search, based on prior probabilities from flight data and local condition reports, combined with the results from the previous searches. The Metron team used what it described as "classic" Bayesian search methods, an approach that had previously been successful in the search for the submarine USS  Scorpion and SS  Central America . Phase 4 of

SECTION 10

#1732791172963

948-626: A scheduled arrival at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport at 11:03 Central European Summer Time (09:03 UTC) the following day (estimated flight time of 10:34). Voice contact with the aircraft was lost around 01:35 UTC, 3 hours and 6 minutes after departure. The last message reported that the aircraft had passed waypoint INTOL ( 1°21′39″S 32°49′53″W  /  1.36083°S 32.83139°W  / -1.36083; -32.83139 ), located 565 km (351 mi; 305 nmi) off Natal , on Brazil's north-eastern coast . The aircraft left Brazilian Atlantic radar surveillance at 01:49 UTC, and entered

1027-413: A while!" When Dubois heard this, he realized Bonin was causing the stall, and shouted, "No no no, don't climb! No No No!" When Robert heard this, he told Bonin to give him control of the airplane, and Bonin initially obliged. The aircraft was now too low to recover from the stall. Robert pushed his side-stick forward to try to regain lift in order to get out of the stall; however, shortly thereafter,

1106-414: Is a partially submerged cavern system containing a forest of stalactites and stalagmites , located 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Benxi , Liaoning Province , People's Republic of China . It was made a national park on January 10, 1994, and is open to the public all year round. It was designated an "AAAAA"-class tourist attraction by CNTA in 2015. The giant 5-million-year-old cavern complex

1185-446: Is lit by colored artificial lighting, and expands over 5,800 m (3.6 mi) with a maximal width of 70 m (230 ft), maximal ceiling height of 38 m (125 ft), an area of 36,000 m (8.9 acres) and a volume of over 400,000 m (520,000 cu yd). It has a subterranean river 3,000 m (1.9 mi) long, with an average depth of 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and maximal depth of 7 m (23 ft), and

1264-404: Is located within latitude 40° 49'–41° 35' N and longitude 123° 34'–125° 46' E, and has a total area of 8,411.31 square kilometres (3,247.62 sq mi). It is bordered by Tonghua ( Jilin ) to the east, Dandong to the south, Liaoyang to the west, Shenyang to the northwest, and Fushun to the north. The area has many mountains as well as a high degree of forest coverage (74%). Benxi has

1343-475: Is rich with tourist attractions. The eastern side of the prefecture is covered with mountains, caves and lakes with low population, making the various parks in that area popular. The Benxi Lake, located at the urban area of Xihu district in Benxi, after which the city was named in Qing dynasty, is the tiniest lake in the world. With an area less than 15 sq. meters and a daily rate of flow at approximately 20,000 tons,

1422-600: The Constituição became a poignant symbol of the loss of the Air France craft. The search and recovery effort reached its peak over the next week or so, as the number of personnel mobilized by the Brazilian military exceeded 1100. Fifteen aircraft (including two helicopters) were devoted to the search mission. The Brazilian Air Force Embraer R99 flew for more than 100 hours, and electronically scanned more than

1501-470: The French government had already presumed the aircraft had been lost with no survivors. An Air France spokesperson told L'Express that "no hope for survivors" remained, and French President Nicolas Sarkozy announced almost no chance existed for anyone to have survived. On 2 June at 15:20 (UTC), a Brazilian Air Force Embraer R-99 A spotted wreckage and signs of oil, possibly jet fuel , strewn along

1580-522: The ground proximity warning system sounded a "sink rate" alarm followed by "pull up" alarms. In response, Bonin (without informing his colleagues) pulled his side-stick all the way back again, and said, "We're going to crash! This can't be true. But what's happening?" The last recording on the CVR was Dubois saying, "(ten) degrees pitch attitude." Both flight recorders stopped recording at 02:14:28 UTC, 3 hours and 45 minutes after takeoff. At that point,

1659-493: The landing gear . The debris field was described as "quite compact", measuring 200 by 600 metres (660 by 1,970 ft) and a short distance north of where pieces of wreckage had been recovered previously, suggesting the aircraft hit the water largely intact. The French Ecology and Transportation Minister Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet stated the bodies and wreckage would be brought to the surface and taken to France for examination and identification. The French government chartered

SECTION 20

#1732791172963

1738-581: The mining industry, and 12,997 in transportation and storage. According to the type of business ownership, 63,000 were employed in private companies. Uranium is mined in the region. As of 2009, Asia's biggest iron ore mine, which is reported to possess more than 3 billion tons of proven reserves, has been found in this region. The city contains the Benxi Campus of the Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (LNUTCM). In

1817-558: The Île de Sein to recover the flight recorders from the wreckage. An American Remora 6000 remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and operations crew from Phoenix International experienced in the recovery of aircraft for the United States Navy were on board the Île de Sein . Île de Sein arrived at the crash site on 26 April, and during its first dive, the Remora 6000 found the flight data recorder chassis, although without

1896-414: The 216 passengers were 126 men, 82 women and 8 children (including 1 infant). There were three pilots on the flight: Of the 12 crew members (including aircrew and cabin crew), 11 were French and 1 was Brazilian. The majority of passengers were French, Brazilian, or German citizens. The passengers included business and holiday travelers. Air France established a crisis center at Terminal 2D for

1975-582: The 60 to 70 relatives and friends who arrived at Charles de Gaulle Airport to pick up arriving passengers, but many of the passengers on Flight 447 were connecting to other destinations worldwide. In the days that followed, Air France contacted close to 2,000 people who were related to, or friends of, the victims. On 20 June 2009, Air France announced that each victim's family would be paid roughly € 17,500 in initial compensation. The aircraft departed Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport on 31 May 2009 at 19:29 Brazilian Standard Time (22:29 UTC), with

2054-468: The Air Force believed the wreckage was from Flight 447. Brazilian vice-president José Alencar (acting as president since Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was out of the country) declared three days of official mourning . Also on 2 June, two French Navy vessels, the frigate Ventôse and helicopter-carrier Mistral , were en route to the suspected crash site. Other ships sent to the site included

2133-578: The Atlantic. Brazilian Air Force aircraft from the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha and French reconnaissance aircraft based in Dakar , Senegal, led the search. They were assisted by a Casa 235 maritime patrol aircraft from Spain and a United States Navy Lockheed Martin P-3 Orion anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrol aircraft. By early afternoon on 1 June, officials with Air France and

2212-531: The BEA's office in Le Bourget near Paris for data download and analysis. One engine and the avionics bay , containing onboard computers, had also been raised. By 15 May, all the data from both the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder had been downloaded. The data were analysed over the following weeks, and the findings published in the third interim report at the end of July. The entire download

2291-420: The CVR of South African Airways Flight 295 from a depth of 4,900 m (16,100 ft) in a search area of between 80 and 250 square nautical miles (270 and 860 km ; 110 and 330 sq mi). The Air France flight recorders were fitted with water-activated acoustic underwater locator beacons or "pingers", which should have remained active for at least 30 days, giving searchers that much time to locate

2370-457: The French research vessel Pourquoi Pas? , equipped with two minisubmarines able to descend to 6,000 m (20,000 ft), since the area of the Atlantic in which the aircraft went down was thought to be as deep as 4,700 m (15,400 ft). On 3 June, the first Brazilian Navy (the "Marinha do Brasil" or MB) ship, the patrol boat Grajaú , reached the area in which the first debris

2449-511: The aircraft subsequently began to climb above its cruising altitude of 35,000 ft (FL350). During this ascent, the aircraft attained vertical speeds well in excess of the typical rate of climb for the Airbus A330, which usually ascends at rates no greater than 2000 feet per minute (10 m/s; 37 km/h). The aircraft experienced a peak vertical speed close to 7,000 feet per minute (36 m/s; 130 km/h), which occurred as Bonin brought

Benxi - Misplaced Pages Continue

2528-406: The aircraft suffered temporary inconsistencies between the airspeed measurements—likely resulting from ice crystals obstructing the aircraft's pitot tubes —which caused the autopilot to disconnect. The crew reacted incorrectly to this, causing the aircraft to enter an aerodynamic stall which the pilots failed to correct. The accident is the deadliest in the history of Air France , as well as

2607-618: The aircraft under the control of its automated systems, one of the main tasks occupying the cockpit crew was that of monitoring the progress of the flight through the ITCZ, using the on-board weather radar to avoid areas of significant turbulence. Twelve other flights had recently shared more or less the same route that Flight 447 was using at the time of the accident. Flight 447 was due to pass from Brazilian airspace into Senegalese airspace around 02:20 (UTC) on 1 June, and then into Cape Verdean airspace at roughly 03:45. Shortly after 04:00, when

2686-400: The aircraft's pitch slightly. Airspeed indications became valid, and the stall warning sounded again; it then sounded intermittently for the remaining duration of the flight, stopping only when the pilots increased the aircraft's nose-up pitch. From there until the end of the flight, the angle of attack never dropped below 35°. From the time the aircraft stalled until its impact with the ocean,

2765-519: The aircraft's ground speed was recorded as 107 knots (198 km/h; 123 mph), and the aircraft was descending at 10,912 feet per minute (55.43 m/s) (108 knots (200 km/h; 124 mph) of vertical speed. Its pitch was 16.2° nose-up, with a roll angle of 5.3° to the left. During its descent, the aircraft had turned more than 180° to the right to a compass heading of 270°. The aircraft remained stalled during its entire 3-minute-30-second descent from 38,000 feet (12,000 m). The aircraft struck

2844-424: The aircraft's on-board computers to send messages automatically, and F-GZCP transmitted a position report about every 10 minutes. Its final position report at 02:10:34 gave the aircraft's coordinates as 2°59′N 30°35′W  /  2.98°N 30.59°W  / 2.98; -30.59 . In addition to the routine position reports, F-GZCP's centralized maintenance system sent a series of messages via ACARS in

2923-494: The altered handling characteristics of the aircraft. At the same time, he abruptly pulled back on his side-stick, raising the nose. This action was unnecessary and excessive under the circumstances. The aircraft's stall warning briefly sounded twice because the angle of attack tolerance was exceeded, and the aircraft's indicated airspeed dropped sharply from 274 knots (507 km/h; 315 mph) to 52 knots (96 km/h; 60 mph). The aircraft's angle of attack increased, and

3002-549: The annual mean is 7.83 °C (46.1 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38% in July to 63% in February, the city receives 2,325 hours of bright sunshine annually. Benxi's economy grew 10% in 2012 to a regional GDP of 111.24 billion CNY. Ranked eighth out of fourteen prefecture level cities in Liaoning, the city's GDP accounted for approximately 4% of provincial total. Urban per-capita disposable income

3081-445: The black boxes still had not been announced. The finite beacon battery life meant that, as the time since the crash elapsed, the likelihood of location diminished. In late July, the search for the black boxes entered its second phase, with a French research vessel resuming the search using a towed sonar array. The second phase of the search ended on 20 August without finding wreckage within a 75 km (47 mi; 40 nmi) radius of

3160-405: The crash site, including that of the captain, by using dental records and fingerprints. The search teams logged the time and location of every find in a database which, by the time the search ended on 26 June, catalogued 640 items of debris from the aircraft. The BEA documented the timeline of discoveries in its first interim report. On 5 June 2009, the French nuclear submarine Émeraude

3239-567: The crash-survivable memory unit. On 1 May the memory unit was found and lifted on board the Île de Sein by the ROV. The aircraft's cockpit voice recorder was found on 2 May 2011, and was raised and brought on board the Île de Sein the following day. On 7 May, the flight recorders, under judicial seal, were taken aboard the French Navy patrol boat La Capricieuse for transfer to the port of Cayenne . From there they were transported by air to

Benxi - Misplaced Pages Continue

3318-604: The crashed aircraft, were brought on board the Caboclo along with a seat, a nylon backpack containing a computer and vaccination card, and a leather briefcase containing a boarding pass for the Air France flight. Initially, media (including The Boston Globe , the Los Angeles Times , and the Chicago Tribune ) cited unnamed investigators in their reporting that the recovered bodies were naked, which implied

3397-543: The criminal investigation, the DGSE (the external French intelligence agency) examined the names of passengers on board for any possible links to terrorist groups. In March 2011, a French judge filed preliminary manslaughter charges against Air France and Airbus over the crash. The cases against Air France and Airbus were dropped in 2019 and 2011 respectively. Benxi Shuidong National Park The Benxi Water Caves ( Chinese : 本溪水洞 ; pinyin : Běnxī Shuǐdòng )

3476-436: The days immediately after the crash. A smaller area to the south-west was also searched, based on a re-analysis of sonar recordings made by Émeraude the previous year. The third phase of the search ended on 24 May 2010 without any success, though the BEA says that the search 'nearly' covered the whole area drawn up by investigators. In July 2010, the U.S.-based search consultancy Metron, Inc., had been engaged to draw up

3555-456: The deadliest aviation accident involving the Airbus A330. The aircraft involved was a 4-year-old Airbus A330-200 , with serial number 0660, registered as F-GZCP. It was delivered to the airline in April 2005. The aircraft was powered by two General Electric CF6-80E1A3 engines with a maximum thrust of 68,530 or 60,400 lbf (304.8 or 268.7 kN) (take-off/max continuous), giving it

3634-424: The engines running at almost 100% N 1 (the rotational speed of the front intake fan, which delivers most of a turbofan engine's thrust). The stall warnings stopped, as all airspeed indications were now considered invalid by the aircraft's computer because of the high angle of attack. The aircraft had its nose above the horizon, but was descending steeply. Roughly 20 seconds later, at 02:12 UTC, Bonin decreased

3713-548: The engines were primarily developing either 100% N 1 or TOGA thrust, though they were briefly spooled down to about 50 percent N 1 on two occasions. The engines always responded to commands and were developing in excess of 100 percent N 1 when the flight ended. Robert responded to Dubois by saying, "We've lost all control of the aeroplane, we don't understand anything, we've tried everything". Soon after this, Robert said to himself, "climb" four consecutive times. Bonin heard this and replied, "But I've been at maximum nose-up for

3792-529: The fire underground, the Japanese shut off the ventilation and sealed the pit head. Witnesses say that the Japanese did not evacuate the pit fully before sealing it, trapping many Chinese workers underground to suffocate in the smoke. The city is home to a notable number of Manchu and Hui people. Benxi contains 4 districts and 2 autonomous counties: Within these there are 25 counties, 40 villages and towns, 229 communities and 289 village committees. Benxi

3871-436: The first major wreckage and two bodies from the sea within five days of the accident, but the investigation by France's Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) was initially hampered because the aircraft's flight recorders were not recovered from the ocean floor until May 2011, nearly two years after the accident. The BEA's final report, released at a press conference on 5 July 2012, concluded that

3950-478: The flight had failed to contact air traffic control in either Senegal or Cape Verde, the controller in Senegal attempted to contact the aircraft. When he received no response, he asked the crew of another Air France flight (AF459) to try to contact AF447; this also met with no success. After further attempts to contact Flight 447 were unsuccessful, an aerial search for the missing Airbus commenced from both sides of

4029-509: The lake acts as a famous tourist attraction of the city. The Benxi Water Cave National Park is a subterranean river, some 3,000 meters long, 2 meters deep and wide enough for 20-30 boats. It flows through this cave situated 35 km (22 mi) east of Benxi city. The cave is filled with countless stalactites and stone flowers, pillars and curtains. Wunü Mountain National Park is an area of natural beauty. The park also contains

SECTION 50

#1732791172963

4108-535: The last position, as reported at 02:10. The third phase of the search for the recorders lasted from 2 April until 24 May 2010, and was conducted by two ships, the Anne Candies and the Seabed Worker . The Anne Candies towed a U.S. Navy sonar array, while the Seabed Worker operated three robot submarines AUV ABYSS (a REMUS AUV type). Air France and Airbus jointly funded the third phase of

4187-405: The latter position until the end of the flight. At 02:11:10 UTC, the aircraft had climbed to its maximum altitude around 38,000 feet (11,582 m). At this point, the aircraft's angle of attack was 16°, and the engine thrust levers were in the fully forward takeoff/go-around (TOGA) detent . As the aircraft began to descend, the angle of attack rapidly increased toward 30°. A second consequence of

4266-442: The left and decreased its speed from Mach 0.82 to 0.80, which was the recommended speed to penetrate turbulence. The engine anti-ice system was also turned on. At 02:10:05 UTC, the autopilot disengaged, most likely because the pitot tubes had iced over, and the aircraft transitioned from " normal law " to " alternate law 2 (ALT2) ". The engines' autothrust systems disengaged three seconds later. The autopilot disconnect warning

4345-458: The left", and took over control of the aircraft. He pushed his side-stick forward to lower the nose and recover from the stall; however, Bonin was still pulling his side-stick back. The inputs cancelled each other out and triggered an audible "dual input" warning. At 02:11:40 UTC, Dubois re-entered the cockpit after being summoned by Robert. The angle of attack had then reached 40°, and the aircraft had descended to 35,000 feet (10,668 m) with

4424-687: The mid-Atlantic were normal for the time of year, and included a broad band of thunderstorms along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A meteorological analysis of the area surrounding the flight path showed a mesoscale convective system extending to an altitude of around 50,000 feet (15,000 m) above the Atlantic Ocean before Flight 447 disappeared. During its final hour, Flight 447 encountered areas of light turbulence. Commercial air transport crews routinely encounter this type of storm in this area. With

4503-607: The minutes immediately prior to its disappearance. These messages, sent to prepare maintenance workers on the ground prior to arrival, were transmitted between 02:10 UTC and 02:15 UTC, and consisted of five failure reports and 19 warnings. Among the ACARS transmissions at 02:10 is one message that indicates a fault in the pitot-static system . Bruno Sinatti, president of Alter, Air France's third-biggest pilots' union, stated, "Piloting becomes very difficult, near impossible, without reliable speed data." The 12 warning messages with

4582-551: The ocean belly-first at a speed of 152 knots (282 km/h; 175 mph), comprising vertical and horizontal components of 108 knots (200 km/h; 124 mph) and 107 knots (198 km/h; 123 mph), respectively. All 228 passengers and crew on board died on impact from extreme trauma and the aircraft was destroyed. Air France's A330s are equipped with a communications system, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), which enables them to transmit data messages via VHF or satellite. ACARS can be used by

4661-650: The origin of the signals. France requested two "towed pinger locator hydrophones" from the United States Navy to help find the aircraft. The French nuclear submarine and two French-contracted ships (the Fairmount Expedition and the Fairmount Glacier , towing the U.S. Navy listening devices) trawled a search area with a radius of 80 kilometres (50 mi), centred on the aircraft's last known position. By mid-July, recovery of

4740-590: The perspective of high school education, the Benxi Senior High School (Benxi Gaozhong) is located in the city, while the school faced severe controversy on the unreasonably-high number of Sporting Students. However, the currency of the school is improving with the former-principal Pang Mingrong ( 庞鸣嵘 ) dismissed from the school, Pang was infamous and controversial for the injustice in his attitude towards students of different 'classes,' which builds on test scores, however revered by his students. Benxi

4819-415: The pilot warned the cabin crew that they were about to enter an area of turbulence. About two to three minutes later, the aircraft encountered icing conditions . The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) recorded sounds akin to hail or graupel on the outside of the aircraft, and ice crystals began to accumulate in the pitot tubes , which measure airspeed. Bonin, the pilot flying, turned the aircraft slightly to

SECTION 60

#1732791172963

4898-525: The plane had broken up at high altitude. However, the notion that the aircraft fragmented while airborne ultimately was refuted by investigators. At this point, on the evidence of the recovered bodies and materials, investigators confirmed the plane had crashed, killing everyone on board. The following day, 7 June, search crews recovered the Airbus's vertical stabilizer , the first major piece of wreckage to be discovered. Pictures of this part being lifted onto

4977-464: The reconfiguration into ALT2 was that the stall protection no longer operated, whereas in normal law, the aircraft's flight-management computers would have acted to prevent such a high angle of attack. The wings lost lift and the aircraft began to stall . Confused, Bonin exclaimed, "I don't have control of the airplane any more now", and two seconds later, "I don't have control of the airplane at all!" Robert responded to this by saying, "controls to

5056-1372: The remains of an ancient Goguryeo capital city . As such the site has been recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Guanmenshan National Forest Park is a valley of outstanding natural beauty. Secluded trails run up and down the valley. The area is particularly popular in autumn when the leaves of the many maple trees that line the valley turn bright red. Direct-administered municipalities . Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals . Separate state-planning cities . Special economic-zone cities . Open coastal cities . Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner , Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it. Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China. The claimed province of Taiwan no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead. 41°18′14″N 123°45′54″E  /  41.3039°N 123.7649°E  / 41.3039; 123.7649 AF 447 Air France Flight 447 ( AF447 / AFR447 )

5135-566: The rolling movements under control. At 02:10:34 UTC, after displaying incorrectly for half a minute, the left-side instruments recorded a sharp rise in airspeed to 223 knots (413 km/h; 257 mph), as did the integrated standby instrument system (ISIS) 33 seconds later. The right-side instruments were not recorded by the flight data recorder. The icing event had lasted for just over a minute, yet Bonin continued to make nose-up inputs. The trimmable horizontal stabilizer (THS) moved from 3 to 13° nose-up in about one minute, and remained in

5214-447: The same time code indicate that the autopilot and autothrust system had disengaged, that the traffic collision avoidance system was in fault mode, and that the flight mode went from "normal law" to "alternate law (ALT)" . The remainder of the messages occurred from 02:11 UTC to 02:14 UTC, containing a fault message for an air data inertial reference unit and ISIS. At 02:12 UTC, a warning message NAV ADR DISAGREE indicated that

5293-646: The search operation started close to the aircraft's last known position, which was identified by the Metron study as being the most likely resting place of flight 447. Within a week of resuming of the search operation, on 3 April 2011, a team led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution operating full ocean depth autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) owned by the Waitt Institute discovered, by means of sidescan sonar ,

5372-465: The search. The search covered an area of 6,300 square kilometres (2,400 sq mi; 1,800 sq nmi), mostly to the north and north-west of the aircraft's last known position. The search area had been drawn up by oceanographers from France, Russia, Great Britain and the United States combining data on the location of floating bodies and wreckage, and currents in the mid-Atlantic in

5451-709: The supervision of Investigating Magistrate Sylvie Zimmerman from the Paris High Court ( French : Tribunal de Grande Instance ). The judge gave the investigation to the National Gendarmerie ( French : Gendarmerie nationale ), which would conduct it through its aerial transportation division (Air transport police, French : Gendarmerie des transports aériens or GTA) and its forensic research institute (the "National Gendarmerie Institute for Criminal Research", French : Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale FR ). As part of

5530-479: The water caves, the national park also offers tourist attractions such as trekking to the top of the mountain, Woodstone Kingdom, dinghy rafting on the Taizi River, and the geological museum which hosts many relics and rare specimens collected from the national park area. 41°18′N 123°46′E  /  41.300°N 123.767°E  / 41.300; 123.767 This Liaoning location article

5609-527: The world took place on April 26, 1942 in Benxihu Colliery . A coal-dust explosion killed 1,549 miners working that day, making it the worst disaster in the history of coal mining and the second worst recorded industrial accident. The explosion sent flames bursting out of the mine shaft entrance. Miners' relatives rushed to the site but were denied entry by a cordon of Japanese guards who erected electric fences to keep them out. In an attempt to curtail

5688-442: Was 22,466 CNY, and consumption per capita 16,064 CNY. With 46 large and medium-sized enterprises in Benxi, main industrial products are raw iron (14 million tons), steel (13 million tons), finished steel (12 million tons), cement (3 million tons) and raw coal (1 million tons). In 2008, 92,615 people were employed in manufacturing , 20,368 in education, 19,228 in public administration and social organizations, 17,913 persons in

5767-486: Was a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, to Paris , France. On 1 June 2009, inconsistent airspeed indications and miscommunication led to the pilots inadvertently stalling the Airbus A330 . They failed to recover the plane from the stall, and the plane crashed into the mid- Atlantic Ocean at 02:14 UTC , killing all 228 passengers and crew on board. The Brazilian Navy recovered

5846-399: Was dispatched to the crash zone, arriving in the area on the 10th. Its mission was to assist in the search for the missing flight recorders or "black boxes" that might be located at great depth. The submarine would use its sonar to listen for the ultrasonic signal emitted by the black boxes' " pingers ", covering 13 sq mi (34 km ; 9.8 sq nmi) per day. The Émeraude

5925-404: Was filmed and recorded. Between 5 May and 3 June 2011, 104 bodies were recovered from the wreckage, bringing the total number of bodies found to 154. Fifty bodies had been previously recovered from the sea. The search ended with the remaining 74 bodies still not recovered. The French authorities opened two investigations. A criminal investigation for manslaughter began on 5 June 2009, under

6004-428: Was heard on the CVR. Bonin took manual control of the aircraft. Without the autopilot, turbulence caused the aircraft to start to roll to the right, and Bonin reacted by deflecting his side-stick to the left. One consequence of the change to ALT2 was an increase in the aircraft's sensitivity to roll, and the pilot overcorrected. During the next 30 seconds, the aircraft rolled alternately left and right as he adjusted to

6083-463: Was not optimistic about finding them since they might have been under as much as 3,000 m (9,800 ft) of water, and the terrain under this portion of the ocean was very rugged. Investigators were hoping to find the aircraft's lower aft section, for that was where the recorders were located. Although France had never recovered a flight recorder from such depths, there was precedent for such an operation: in 1988, an independent contractor recovered

6162-400: Was spotted. The Brazilian Navy sent a total of five ships to the debris site; the frigate Constituição and the corvette Caboclo were scheduled to reach the area on 4 June, the frigate Bosísio on 6 June and the replenishment oiler Almirante Gastão Motta on 7 June. Early on 6 June 2009, five days after Flight 447 disappeared, two male bodies, the first to be recovered from

6241-666: Was to work with the mini-sub Nautile , which can descend to the ocean floor . The French submarines would be aided by two U.S. underwater audio devices capable of picking up signals at a depth of 20,000 ft (6,100 m). Following the end of the search for bodies, the search continued for the Airbus's "black boxes"—the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and the Flight Data Recorder (FDR). French Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) chief Paul-Louis Arslanian said that he

#962037