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39-434: The executive is directly elected at-large to a four-year term on a partisan basis. Since the first county executive took office, five individuals have served in the position. In 2014, incumbent James J. "Jim" Tedesco III was elected to his first term and was re-elected in 2018. As of Election Day 2017 there were 593,454 registered voters in the county, which in 2016 had estimated an estimated population of 939,151. In 1972,

78-458: A member at large, or not. Many municipalities in Canada elect part or all of their city councils at large. In most, the mayor is elected at large as well. Municipal election at large is widespread in small towns to avoid " them and us " cultural dissociation produced by partition of voters into wards and their representatives thus being seen to represent only a specific part of the city. It

117-436: A noun : at-large ) is a description for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent a whole membership or population (notably a city, county, state, province, nation, club or association), rather than a subset. In multi-hierarchical bodies, the term rarely extends to a tier beneath the highest division. A contrast is implied, with certain electoral districts or narrower divisions. It can be given to

156-721: A province or a city.) The Conference on the Future of Europe has proposed adding "transnational lists" to the European Parliament , in which a small number of members are elected by the entire European Union at large from Union-wide party lists. This is among a number of proposed reforms to deepen European integration . In Israel , elections for the Knesset (the national parliament ) are conducted at large by proportional representation from party lists. Election of municipal and town (but not regional) councils are on

195-422: Is at large ) for return to the very same chamber, and consequent issue of multiple ballots for plural voting to every voter. This avoids plural voting competing with single voting in the jurisdiction, an inherent different level of democratic power . Examples of a democratic power disparity were found in a small number of states at certain U.S. Congresses, between 1853 and 1967, and in the old lower houses of

234-525: Is a Republican who served one term as county executive. Donovan was a part-time public defender of her hometown, Lyndhurst , from 1983 to 1988. From 1986 to 1988, she represented the 36th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly . She was first elected County Clerk in 1988 and was reelected in 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008. As County Clerk, she also functioned as Recorder of Deeds for Bergen County. In 1994, Donovan

273-574: Is also used in many large cities in Canada. The voting method in all such elections and multi-member wards today is plurality block voting . (In the past, single transferable voting (STV) was used in 20 Canadian municipalities, either in at-large contests or multi-member wards.) Notable larger instances are, from west to east: (As well, the three territories - Yukon , Nunavut , and the Northwest Territories - are federally served in

312-458: Is an at-large U.S. congressional district, at present). It is commonly used when making or highlighting a direct contrast with subdivided equivalents that may be past or present, or seen in exotic comparators. It indicates that the described zone has no further subsets used for the same representative purpose. An exception is a nil-exceptions arrangement of overlapping tiers (resembling or being district and regional representatives, one set of which

351-556: Is one of five counties New Jersey with a county executive, the others being Atlantic , Essex , Hudson and Mercer . William D. McDowell served one term. McDowell had earlier served on board of the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission . McDowell, who at the time was County Sheriff, faced Democrat Matthew Feldman , a five-term member of the New Jersey Senate and former Senate President in

390-491: The Bergen County Police Department and Bergen County Sheriff's Office. The deal went through following the approval of the freeholders. In 2017, Tedesco signed an executive order raising the minimum wage for county employees to $ 15 per hour. Tedesco successfully ran for re-election in 2018, handily beating then Bergenfield Mayor Norman Schmelz with a final tally of 204,816 votes to 121,654. He

429-471: The Parliament of Canada by one Member of Parliament and Senator each. These are so sparsely populated that even one member each is over-representation. They have high apportionment but are ethnically diverse and of exceptional geographical size. Provinces are divided to make up the other 335 electoral districts (ridings or comtés). Canada's 102 senators are appointed to serve a large region within

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468-641: The United Kingdom and Ireland , whereby certain voters could vote for (and lobby) at-large (whole-state/County) and district(-based) representatives to them, giving zones of plural voting and thus representation contrasting with zones, for the same national assembly, of single voting and representation. In 1964 the U.S. Supreme Court banned such plural voting for the U.S. Congress (thus banning at-large, whole-state congressional districts which overlap state subdivision congressional districts). Universal principles apply regardless whether election(s) are for

507-456: The state has a single representative, that will be a representative at large. This is a table of every such instance. It shows the situation applied to a small, varying group of states in three periods. The 33rd Congress began in 1853; it ended two years later. The 38th began in 1863; the 50th ended in 1889. The 53rd began in 1893; the 89th ended in January 1967, the final such period. This

546-622: The 1990s. After the 2010 United States redistricting cycle , Nevada eliminated their two remaining multi-member senate districts and implemented single-winner districts in both houses. In 2018, West Virginia passed a law switching all remaining multi-winner House of Delegates seats to single-winner districts following the 2020 United States Census . Since passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and lessening of some historic barriers to voter registration and voting, legal challenges have been made based on at-large election schemes at

585-664: The Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders in 1998 and 2001 McNerney was reelected to his second term of office as county executive in 2006, defeating former Freeholder Todd Caliguire, after outspending the Republican by a 6-1 margin. He lost reelection in 2010 to County Clerk Kathleen Donovan, in a race in which the Republicans captured all three open seats on the Board of Chosen Freeholders to regain control on

624-486: The Board). Responsibilities include preparation/submission of operating and capital budgets, introduction of legislation, the hiring and dismissal of personnel, and approval or veto Freeholder ordinances. The Board of Freeholders board have the power to investigate administrative actions of the executive, approve ordinances and resolutions, initiate service contracts with municipalities, and adopt an administrative code. Bergen

663-614: The Democratic incumbents, rising spending, and tax rates were the major issues. Donovan won with 53% of the vote (117,100), while McNerney received 47% (104,367). James J. Tedesco III was sworn as county executive just hours into 2015, and was later publicly sworn in on January 4, 2015, at Bergen Community College . Before being elected as county executive, Tedesco served as a councilman in Paramus from 2000 through 2002, and served two terms as mayor there, from 2003 through 2010. Tedesco

702-619: The State of New Jersey passed the Optional County Charter Law, which provides for four different manners in which a county could be governed: by an executive, an administrator , a board president or a county supervisor . A referendum to change the Bergen County form of government was held in 1974 and was rejected by a margin of 132,168 to 123,106, making Bergen one of four counties to reject proposals modifying

741-472: The associated territory, if any, to denote its undivided nature, in a specific context. Unambiguous synonyms are the prefixes of cross-, all- or whole-, such as cross-membership, or all-state. The term is used as a suffix referring to specific members (such as the U.S. congressional Representative/the Member/Rep. for Wyoming at large ). It figures as a generic prefix of its subject matter (such as Wyoming

780-633: The black minority makes up more than one-third of the population. In another instance, in 2013 Fayette County, Georgia , which had an estimated 70% white majority and 20% black minority, was ordered by a federal district court to develop single-member districts for election of members to its county council and its school board. Due to at-large voting, African Americans had been unable to elect any candidate of their choice to either of these boards for decades. Such local election systems have become subject to litigation since enabling more representative elections can create entry points for minorities and women into

819-457: The board. In his February 2008 State of the County address, McNerney called for Bergen County municipalities with populations less than 10,000 to merge, saying "The surest way to significantly lower homeowners' property taxes is to merge small towns and reduce administrative overhead." Half of Bergen County's municipalities (35/70) had fewer than 10,000 residents each then. Kathleen A. Donovan

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858-571: The city council from single-member districts. The town of Islip, New York was sued by four residents in 2018 for violating the Voting Rights Act by maintaining a discriminatory at-large council system. One-third of Islip's population is Hispanic, but only one person of color has ever been elected to a town seat. As part of the settlement reached in 2020, the at-large system will be abolished and replaced by four council districts by 2023. Some states have passed laws that further discourage

897-622: The city or province may be split into as many as seven districts, and each then elects at least two members. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for direct election of members of the House of Representatives . The Uniform Congressional District Act , enacted in 1967 and codified as 2 U.S.C.   § 2c , dictates that representatives must be elected from geographical districts and that these must be single-member districts . Indeed it confirms when

936-464: The county or city level, including in school board elections, in numerous jurisdictions where minorities had been effectively excluded from representation on local councils or boards. An example is Charleston County, South Carolina , which was sued in 2001 and reached a settlement in 2004. Its county commission changed to nine members elected from single-member districts; in 2015 they included six white Republicans and three African-American Democrats, where

975-425: The major issues were the county budget, consolidation of the county police and sheriff, and issues regarding lawsuits filed between the different branches of government. Tedesco won with 54.2% of the vote (107,958), ahead of Donovan with 45.8% (91,300), in a race in which Tedesco's campaign spending nearly $ 1 million, outspending Donovan by a 2-1 margin. His first day in office, Tedesco approved an arrangement merging

1014-597: The other members. It follows that such true or quasi- local government units do not in the purest sense elect members at large when their geography is analysed, as each member co-exists with the others who have territorial overlap, as representing greater or lower-rank districts. The members are by law chosen by the public directly or indirectly. Members chosen by the City Council or the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Board) are elected such that

1053-516: The political system and provide more representative government. In the late 1980s, several major cities in Tennessee reached settlement in court cases to adopt single-member districts to enable minorities to elect candidates of their choice to city councils, who had previously been excluded by at-large voting favoring the majority population. By 2015, voters in two of these cities had elected women mayors who had gotten their start in being elected to

1092-467: The race. McDowell was endorsed by Doris Mahalick , Feldman's rival for the Democratic nomination. McDowell beat Feldman by a margin of nearly 20,000, capturing 112,619 votes (55% of ballots cast) to 92,649 (45%) for Feldman. William "Pat" Schuber , a Republican , served 12 years as the County Executive. Schuber had previously served both as a councilman and mayor of Bogota, New Jersey and

1131-657: The same basis. In the Netherlands , elections for the House of Representatives (the lower house of the States-General , the national parliament ) are conducted at large by proportional representation from party lists. This manner of election applies to the Senate . All voters can cast twelve votes to refresh half of the Senate, namely twelve senators, from a longer list of candidates. The simple tally determines

1170-470: The structure of county government, while four other counties passed changes. The measure was supported by the League of Women Voters and other groups as a method of improving the management of the county, while the loss of " home rule " in the county's 70 municipalities was one of the issues driving opposition to the referendum. In 1985, a second referendum was held. The proposal to create an executive branch

1209-509: The use of at-large districts. For example, the California Voting Rights Act removes one of the criteria required for a successful federal Voting Rights Act challenge, which has thus resulted in hundreds of cities, school districts, and special districts moving to single member area-based elections. Some jurisdictions have kept at-large city councils and boards. The solution adopted by Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1941

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1248-619: The winners ( plurality-at-large voting ). Provinces with smaller populations elect their House representative at large. Some cities that has its own congressional district also elect its representatives this way. Most other provinces and a few cities are divided into two or more districts. Party-list elections are elected nationwide at-large. Likewise, the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Councils), Sangguniang Barangay (Village Councils), Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Councils) and some Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Councils) elect

1287-618: Was appointed by Gov. Christine Todd Whitman to the Board of Commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ; she later became the chairwoman. Donovan stepped down as Port Authority Chairwoman in December 1995, in order to unsuccessfully run for Congress in the 1996 election, but retained her seat on the Port Authority's Board of Commissioners. Donovan remained a Port Authority Commissioner until 2002, when she

1326-561: Was approved by a high margin: of the 490,437 registered voters, 116,031 voted for and 70,331 against. The change also reduced the number of members of the legislative branch, Board of Chosen Freeholders , from nine to seven. The judicial branch, namely the county court, had been subsumed and replaced by the New Jersey Superior Court Law Division in 1983. The executive has power to appoint a County Administrator as well as department heads (with approval of

1365-543: Was due to the 1964 case of Reynolds v. Sims : the United States Supreme Court determined that the general basis of apportionment must be " one person, one vote ." As of 2021, ten U.S. states have at least one legislative chamber which uses multi-winner at-large districts: In the 1980s, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, South Carolina, and Virginia all moved entirely from multi-winner districts in either chamber, followed by Alaska, Georgia, and Indiana in

1404-529: Was elected to five successive terms in the New Jersey General Assembly In 2011, he was appointed to a six-year term on the board of commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). Dennis McNerney, who served from 2003 to 2011, was the first Democrat to serve as County Executive. McNerney defeated Republican Henry McNamara in the 2002 general election and took office in January 2003 after being elected to

1443-527: Was elected to the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders on November 5, 2013 and took office in January 2014. Before beginning his term as Freeholder, he testified on the citizens' behalf at a Port Authority Board meeting on the Fort Lee lane closure scandal in November 2013. After winning the Democratic nomination, Tedesco challenged incumbent county executive Kathleen Donovan. in an election in which

1482-403: Was replaced by Gov. James McGreevey , as her term expired. Donovan unsuccessfully sought support to run for Bergen County executive in the 2002 Republican primary, and lost her campaign for the 2006 Republican nomination for county executive. Donovan ran for county executive in 2010, and was swept into office with her three Freeholder running mates, in an election in which perceived corruption by

1521-543: Was sworn in on January 1, 2019 in front of a capacity crowd at the Bergen County Academies. On June 10, 2021, Tedesco announced that he would be running for a third term in 2022, looking to become the second three-term county-executive in Bergen County history; he would successfully do so, defeating Midland Park business/legal consultant, former Freeholder, and frequent candidate since then, Todd Caliguire, 55.7%-44.3%. At-large At large ( before

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