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122-574: Tommy Suharto in 2009 contested the leadership of Golkar Party, his father's former political vehicle, but failed to win any votes. In 2016, it was announced that Tommy would again contest the Golkar leadership but he did not enter the race. Instead, he joined the newly formed Berkarya Party. Berkarya is an amalgamation of Beringin Karya Party and National Republic (Nasrep) Party. It was established on 15 July 2016 to coincide with Tommy's birthday, and

244-409: A 3rd term, Suharto further consolidated his control of Golkar by being elected chairman of the executive board ( Ketua Dewan Pembina ), a position whose authority supersedes even the party chairman. From this position, Suharto had the supreme power in Golkar while leaving the day-to-day running of Golkar to the chairman. Aside from being dominated by Suharto, Golkar was also an organization dominated by

366-520: A Golkar member who held position as Minister of Industries and Trade was sacked from his position. When Golkar inquired as to why this was done, Wahid alleged it was because of corruption. In July 2001, Golkar, along with its Central Axis allies, held an MPR Special Session to replace President Wahid with Megawati. On 2002, members who were dissatisfied with Golkar's abandonment of former president Suharto including former minister Hartono and Suharto's eldest daughter Tutut Soeharto left Golkar and formed

488-424: A Special National Congress was held to elect the next chairman of Golkar. The congress was dogged by protests by both pro-Suharto and anti-Suharto groups. Suharto himself did not come to the congress. In the contest that followed, Akbar Tandjung emerged as the new chairman of Golkar after beating Army General Edi Sudrajat. It was the first time that a Golkar chairman was elected democratically rather than appointed by

610-613: A civil case with the State Administrative Court, aimed at having the Justice Ministry's two decrees revoked. He also said criminal reports would be filed over the breakaway faction. Badaruddin Andi Picunang claimed Muchdi's national conference was held at the request of two-thirds of Berkarya's provincial and central officials. He said the party needed professional and democratic management, which

732-600: A developed nation, the second would accelerate development and the final decade would see Indonesia become a developed nation. Each stage would have targets for indicators such as economic growth, GDP, and levels of unemployment and poverty. During the New Order Golkar was formally divided into seven (eight since 1971) organizations, called Main Organization Groups ( Kelompok Induk Organisasi ), or KINO. These were: However, Golkar during this era

854-406: A group of parties supporting Prabowo Subianto's candidacy for the 2019 presidential election. In February 2019, senior Berkarya official Muchdi Purwopranjono announced his support for incumbent President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo , defying the party's endorsement of Prabowo. Party executives rejected internal calls for Muchdi to be dismissed, saying his support for Jokowi was a personal matter. Tommy

976-848: A member of the Pemuda Rakyat (People's Youth) division of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) prior to his entry to AKABRI (the Indonesian Armed Forces Academy). He countered that his parents and family had actually been targets of the PKI in Yogyakarta 1965. Muchdi served in territorial command posts in Irian Jaya (now Papua) from the late 1980s to mid-1990s, Jambi (1995-96), East Java (1996-97) and Kalimantan (1997-98). In 1998, he

1098-474: A member of the party's advisory council and officials hoped he would strengthen the party's political machinery. In 2016, when Nasrep merged with another small party, Beringin Karya Party, to form Berkarya Party as a political vehicle for Tommy Suharto, Muchdi was appointed chairman of the party's Honorary Board. In March 2018, Muchdi said he was not bothered by the “small matter” of efforts to link him to Munir's murder, as he had already been found not guilty, so

1220-465: A natural gas trading company where his son and daughter work. Muchdi celebrated his acquittal by treating 40 orphans to a thanksgiving dinner at his house in Kebayoran Baru neighborhood. Commenting on the verdict, he said, "This is a gift for the nation of Indonesia." In 2016, Muchdi said Indonesian human rights campaigners still calling for Munir's case to be resolved were merely exploiting

1342-556: A president and a vice president would be elected. It was widely expected that Golkar would support Jusuf Habibie in his bid for a second term as president. Before Habibie could be nominated, however, he was required to deliver an accountability speech: a report delivered by the President to the MPR at the end of his term. The MPR would not ratify the accountability speech and it was revealed that some Golkar members had voted against ratifying

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1464-548: A second term as president, he needed to align himself with a political party. Originally, Suharto had shown interest in aligning with the Indonesian National Party (PNI), the party of his predecessor, Sukarno. But in seeking to distance himself from the old regime, Suharto settled on Golkar. Suharto then ordered his closest associate, Ali Murtopo , to transform Golkar and turn it into an electoral machine. Under Murtopo, and with Suharto's supervision, Golkar

1586-537: A single location. He said money saved on education spending could instead be spent on the people's economy. Tommy has criticized President Joko Widodo’s administration for its intensive spending on infrastructure development. He said there should be a correction so that “village funds” are spent on people’s welfare programs. He also said state debt needs to be resolved soon lest it burden future generations. Tommy in March 2018 said provincial governors should be appointed by

1708-562: A timber company in West Kalimantan , so they had met several times at Suripto's office to discuss the timber business. Wahid was impeached and removed from office four months later. In June 2000, detikcom online news portal speculated Muchdi had been nominated to replace Air Vice Marshal Ian Santoso as director of the Strategic Intelligence Agency (BAIS, responsible to Military Headquarters), while there

1830-612: Is being a member," he said. Tommy also defended the decision to have a convicted murderer in his party. “I think the problem is a matter of the past. If indeed a person has been sentenced, [and] served his punishment, then in accordance with the Constitutional Court’s decision, the person shall have the same status as an ordinary civilian again,” he said on the sidelines of Berkarya’s National Leadership Meeting in Solo, Central Java, on 11 March 2018. Similarly, Muchdi said Pollycarpus has

1952-497: Is chairman of the Party High Assembly and Board of Trustees. The party’s first chairperson was Neneng A. Tuty, a former boxing promoter who also led Nasrep Party and the right-wing nationalist militia group Laskar Merah Putih. On 11 March 2018, Neneng announced she was handing over the leadership of the party to Tommy. Former Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs, Rear Admiral Tedjo Purdijatno,

2074-674: Is chairman of the party’s Advisory Council. Former Army Special Forces (Kopassus) chief and former State Intelligence Agency deputy chief Muchdi Purwopranjono is chairman of the party's Honorary Board. Former National Military Police chief and former intelligence chief of the Attorney General's Office, Syamsu Djalal, is chairman of the Advisory Board. Veteran Golkar politician Priyo Budi Santoso in March 2018 accepted Tommy's invitation to join Berkarya as secretary general. He

2196-520: Is commissioner of Suryatama Cemerlang Abadi (SCA), a company that produces bottled water branded as Suli 5. The company has at least nine factories in Indonesia and is majority-owned by Muhammadiyah. Muchdi is the commissioner of PT. Rizki Kacida Reana, a forestry firm that was founded in 2000 and operates a concession of 55,150 hectares in East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan . Muchdi

2318-537: Is presently the leader of a breakaway faction of Tommy Soeharto ’s Berkarya Party and his leadership is recognized by the government. Muchdi was born on 15 April 1949 in Sleman , Yogyakarta . He is the sixth of nine siblings. He has said his father was a leader of Masyumi , an Islamic party, and his mother's family belonged to the Nahdlatul Ulama Muslim mass organization. As a teenager, Muchdi

2440-576: Is to weaken Indonesia's justice, political, economic and religious institutions. He said Dutch agencies that investigated the murder of Munir cannot be trusted because the Dutch previously colonized Indonesia and committed human rights violations. He said the only state institution in Indonesia that had not been infiltrated by foreign interests was the judiciary. After Muchdi's acquittal, three floral congratulatory boards were delivered to his South Jakarta residence. All three were from PT Bayu Buana Gemilang,

2562-505: The 2004 legislative election , and its member Jusuf Kalla was elected as vice president . In 2009, Golkar nominated Kalla for president, but he was defeated by the incumbent Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). When Joko Widodo (Jokowi) was elected president in 2014, Golkar initially joined the opposing coalition led by Prabowo Subianto , but in 2016, switched its allegiance to the Jokowi administration. In 2024, Golkar finished second in

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2684-487: The 2019 election , albeit with seats loss of 6. Golkar also fully backed Jokowi's reelection bid with Airlangga assures that the party will not be playing both sides unlike the previous election and prioritize the party to win 18% of the vote and Jokowi's victory. Despite securing second place, the election result shows the worst performance for Golkar throughout its electoral participation since 1971, with only 85 seats while finishing third in popular vote with only 12,1%. In

2806-529: The Concern for the Nation Functional Party . By 2004, the reformist sentiments that had led PDI-P to victory in the 1999 legislative elections had died down. Many Indonesians were disappointed with what Reformasi had achieved thus far and were also disillusioned with Megawati's presidency, enabling Golkar to emerge victorious in the 2004 legislative elections with 21% of the votes. Unlike

2928-517: The Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups (Indonesian: Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya , Sekber Golkar ), it is the oldest extant political party in Indonesia. It first participated in national elections in 1971 as Functional Groups . Since 2009 , it has been the second-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR), having won 102 seats in the latest election . Golkar was

3050-608: The Onward Indonesia Cabinet , Golkar got 3 ministerial post, with Airlangga Hartarto appointed as Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs , Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita as Minister of Industry , and Zainudin Amali as Minister of Youth and Sports. Reflecting the results of the 2019 election, Golkar worked to make changes to rebound from the losses in the upcoming 2024 election . In ensuring this, Golkar began to diversify their voter base by making overtures to

3172-583: The Patriot Party led by Yapto Soerjosoemarno . In 1999, Golkar lost its first democratic legislative election to Megawati Sukarnoputri 's PDI-P . Golkar won 20% of the votes and was the runner-up in the legislative elections. Despite losing these elections Golkar was still able to secure the Tanjung's election as Head of the DPR. October 1999 would see the MPR assemble for its General Session during which

3294-412: The legislative election and gained 102 seats, the party's best performance following a trend of declining seats since 2009. In 1959, President Sukarno introduced his concept of Guided Democracy , in which so-called functional groups would play a role in government in place of political parties. The Indonesian National Armed Forces supported its creation because it believed these groups would balance

3416-476: The ruling political group during the New Order government of Suharto from 1971 to 1999, when it was required to become a political party in order to contest elections. In the ensuing legislative election , its share of votes declined. Golkar then joined the governing coalitions of Presidents Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri . It regained its position as the largest party in the DPR after winning

3538-417: The 2004 murder of human rights activist Munir Said Thalib , has the same political rights as any citizen. He said Pollycarpus may feel Berkarya Party is the best match for channeling his political aspirations. He denied the presence of Pollycarpus and former state intelligence deputy chief Muchdi Purwopranjono would tarnish the party's image. "We do not want to look at the backgrounds of people. What's important

3660-589: The ABRI faction was unable to nominate Sudharmono as vice president. The factions disappeared along with the fall of the New Order. Note: Bold text indicates the party member Muchdi Purwopranjono Major General (Ret.) Muchdi Purwopranjono (born 15 April 1949) is an Indonesian politician and former major general who served briefly as chief of the Indonesian Army's Special Forces (Kopassus) and

3782-658: The Army should never try to seize power. From early 1997 to May 1998, Kopassus troops kidnapped 23 pro-democracy activists with the aim of intimidating opponents of Suharto's autocratic regime . One of the activists was found dead, nine were released and 13 never reappeared. Survivors said they were tortured. Responding to demands for justice after Suharto's resignation in May 1998, TNI convened an Officers Honor Council, which in August 1998 found that Prabowo and Muchdi bore responsibility for

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3904-806: The Bali National Conference led by Agung Laksono as general chairman and Zainudin Amali as secretary general. However, in October 2015, the Supreme Court granted the appeal filed by Golkar as a result of the Bali National Conference led by Aburizal Bakrie. This leadership dualism began to end when an agreement was reached for reconciliation led by the former General Chair of Golkar and Vice President Jusuf Kalla in early 2016. The two camps also agreed to hold an extraordinary national meeting (Munaslub) in mid-2016. This leadership dualism officially ended on 17 May 2016 when Setya Novanto

4026-408: The DPR have expressed their opinions on a few issues: Under chairman Aburizal Bakrie, the party has produced a blueprint known as "Vision Indonesia 2045: A Prosperous Nation" with the aim of making Indonesia a developed nation by the centenary of the country's independence in 2045. The plan comprises three stages each lasting a decade. The key strategies in the vision comprise developing Indonesia from

4148-694: The Jakarta State Administrative Court (PTUN) issued an interim decision to postpone the implementation of a decree issued by the Minister of Law and Human Rights Yasonna Laoly which legalized the management of the Golongan Karya Party in the Agung Laksono camp. On 10 July 2015, the four judges who heard the case, namely Arif Nurdu'a, Didik Andy Prastowo, Nurnaeni Manurung and Diah Yulidar decided to reject

4270-570: The KPU ruled that Berkarya was ineligible to contest the election because data submitted by the party concerning its membership in the regions was invalid. Berkarya filed an objection with the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), insisting the party had met all membership requirements. KPU and Bawaslu officials later met with Berkarya treasurer Raden Mas Hendryanto. KPU member Hasyim Asy’ari on 4 January 2018 said

4392-424: The MPR, and thus, Suharto was easily re-elected to a second term as president in March 1973. The 1971 legislative election was a success for Golkar and Suharto. Strengthened by his re-election, Suharto quickly began tightening his grip on Golkar. Control was increased in October 1973 with the implementation of a less democratic and more centralized system headed by a chairman. In October 1978, after his re-election to

4514-557: The Muchdi faction to Berkarya's management, statutes and bylaws. The decrees effectively grant Muchdi control of the party. Berkarya secretary general Priyo Budi Santoso said Tommy would seek clarification from Justice and Human Rights Minister Yasonna Laoly . Priyo said the issuance of the decrees was absurd and a disgrace to democracy because Muchdi's national meeting was illegal and most of the party's provincial chapters remained loyal to Tommy. Tommy on 14 August 2020 said his party had filed

4636-574: The National Armed Forces. Out of the six people that served as Golkar chairmen during the New Order , five had a military background as officers. It was only in the last years of Suharto's rule that Harmoko , a civilian, was elected as Golkar chairman. Golkar continued to dominate Indonesian politics well beyond the 1971 legislative elections. In subsequent New Order legislative elections, Golkar won 62% ( 1977 ), 64% ( 1982 ), 73% ( 1987 ), 68% ( 1992 ), and 74% ( 1997 ). Golkar's dominance

4758-787: The National Democratic organization, which in turn established the National Democratic Party . At the end of 2014, there was dualism in management within Golkar, led by Aburizal Bakrie from the Bali National Conference and Agung Laksono from the Jakarta National Conference. In early March 2015, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia issued a decree legalizing Golkar led by Agung Laksono . In April 2015,

4880-1055: The National Police. The TNI then established an anti-PKI trade union, the Central Organization of Indonesian Workers, or Soksi ( Sentral Organisasi Karyawan Swadiri Indonesia ), and used this as the core of an Armed Forces-led Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups, or Sekber Golkar, which was officially established on 20 October 1964. By 1968 there were almost 250 organisations under the Sekber umbrella. On 22 November 1969 they were organized into seven main organizations, or Kino ( Kelompok Induk Organisasi ), namely Soksi, Kosgoro (Union of Mutual Cooperation Multifunction Organizations), MKGR (Mutual Assistance Families Association), Gerakan Karya Rakyat (People's Working Movement), Ormas Hankam (Defense and Security Mass Organizations), Professi (professional organizations), and Gerakan Pembangunan (Development Movement). The Joint Secretariat

5002-481: The Officers Honor Council, General Subagyo Hadisiswoyo, said Prabowo and Muchdi either gave instructions for the abductions or were aware of their issuance. He said Muchdi, as Kopassus chief, must have fully understood his authority and duties. In 2008, when Muchdi was tried for orchestrating the murder of human rights activist Munir, his lawyer argued he had no connection to the abductions because he

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5124-518: The Presidium of Party Rescuers, on 11 July 2020 held an Extraordinary National Conference (Munaslub), which named Muchdi as chairman of Berkarya and Badaruddin Andi Picunang as secretary general. Tommy's faction rejected the results of the Munaslub and dismissed Muchdi and his followers from the party. The Justice and Human Rights Ministry on 30 July 2020 issued two decrees ratifying changes made by

5246-399: The Presidium of Party Rescuers, on 11 July 2020 held an Extraordinary National Conference (Munaslub), which named Muchdi as chairman of Berkarya. Tommy's faction rejected the Munaslub and said Muchdi and his followers had been dismissed from the party. The Justice and Human Rights Ministry on 30 July 2020 issued decrees recognizing Muchdi's changes to the party's leadership structure. Muchdi

5368-466: The Storm : When I became Army Chief of Staff … it was decided that the new commander of Kopassus replacing Prabowo would be Brig. Gen. Suwisma. But the decision could not be carried out because Prabowo had gone directly to President Suharto and argued with him to cancel Suwisma's appointment. The argument he presented to President Suharto was that the new commander should espouse the same religion as that of

5490-562: The Supreme Court rejected an appeal. Indonesia's National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) said the investigation, prosecution and trial of Muchdi were flawed, and recommended a new police investigation. President Joko Widodo promised to resolve the case but there has been no follow-up. Prior to his acquittal, Muchdi said those who pushed for his trial are the "henchmen of foreign imperialism", trying to destabilize Indonesia's national resilience. He claimed their long-term goal

5612-417: The abductions. According to The Indonesian Army by Joseph Daves, the Officers Honor Council decided Prabowo and Muchdi should be granted immunity from civil prosecution in return for their cooperation. The two reportedly said Suharto gave verbal orders to abduct dissidents and subsequently to “finish them off”. The Officers Honor Council ruled Prabowo and Muchdi had misinterpreted Suharto's order. Chief of

5734-438: The activist's exposure of the 1997-98 abductions had led to Muchdi losing his position as Kopassus chief. Muchdi's lawyers responded that Muchdi had lost his position because of the fall of Suharto and not because of Munir's actions. Some activists asserted Munir's assassination was masterminded by officials higher than Muchdi. Soldiers, intelligence officials and thugs were present during Muchdi's trial, prompting complaints it

5856-570: The bombings, BIN asked police to arrest seven suspects, but police were unable to make the arrests based on BIN's evidence. The Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI), founded by radical cleric Abu Bakar Bashir , suspected it had been penetrated by BIN operatives. Tempo magazine in December 2002 reported a senior BIN operative, Abdul Harris, had entered MMI at its inception and served as head of its international relations division. His true identity

5978-496: The case in order to gain funds from the Netherlands. In 2008, Muchdi joined Prabowo's newly formed Gerindra Party and served as deputy chairman. He became “non-active” in the party pending his murder trial but resumed his position after being acquitted at the end of 2008. In June 2010, Muchdi attempted to become Central Executive of Indonesia's second-largest Muslim organization, Muhammadiyah , even though he did not meet

6100-851: The case was resolved. He said the accusations would actually strengthen Berkarya because of his innocence. He claimed to be unaware Munir's murderer Pollycarpus Priyanto had also joined the party. Berkarya in 2018 announced it was supporting Prabowo Subianto's candidacy for Indonesia's 2019 presidential election. Muchdi in February 2019 announced he was instead supporting President Joko Widodo 's bid for re-election. He said Jokowi, in his first term in office, had achieved more than any other president in Indonesia's reform period, improving roads, ports, airports and industry. Mucdhi said he did not think his friend Prabowo could make such achievements in five years. Berkarya's organizational wing, Laskar Berkarya, demanded that Tommy Suharto immediately dismiss Muchdi from

6222-537: The chairman of the executive board. Under Akbar, the executive board was abolished and replaced by an advisory board which had considerably less authority. Edi Sudrajat, feeling that Golkar was insufficiently cooperative with reform movements, left the party and formed the Indonesian Justice and Unity Party . In the same time, elements of the Pancasila Youth that previously supported Golkar formed

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6344-428: The command of Muchdi, to protect Habibie's Jakarta house. These officers outnumbered the presidential guards at Habibie's house on 21 May and initially refused to leave without orders from Muchdi, but were convinced to leave on the evening of 22 May. On the afternoon of 22 May, Prabowo met with Muchdi at the state palace . Prabowo wanted more time before he and Muchdi would be transferred to non-combat positions, to create

6466-428: The conference, saying some of the participants were "ghosts" - meaning the number of actual attendees was not as many as those listed. He said he only joined the conference because he thought its aim was an evaluation, and not an attempt to change the party leadership. On 5 February 2021, Priyo Budi Santoso, the secretary general of the pro-Tommy faction of Berkarya, claimed Justice and Human Rights Minister Yasonna Laoly

6588-435: The consolidation process which were halted when Novanto was indicted for corruption. The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution . In March 2023, the then chairman Airlangga Hartarto described Golkar as a " centrist " party. Outsider views on

6710-514: The country". Tommy's lawyer subsequently denied his client would be standing for election. On 13 October 2017, Berkarya registered with the General Elections Commission (KPU) to compete in the 2019 general election . Berkarya claimed to have established its presence in all 34 Indonesian provinces and 514 regencies, in line with verification requirements for parties seeking to contest the 2019 election. On 14 December 2017,

6832-412: The days surrounding the murder. Budi Santoso, a former BIN director, told police in October 2007 and May 2008 that Pollycarpus and BIN agent Kawan had told him Muchdi ordered them to kill Munir. Budi further said he had often seen Pollycarpus inside Muchdi's office at BIN headquarters. When Muchdi went on trial, Budi failed to appear as a witness. Prosecutors argued Muchdi carried a grudge against Munir, as

6954-502: The decision bypassing me as Army Chief, arguing that the President had wanted it to go in that direction. Muchdi spent fewer than 60 days as Kopassus chief amid the financial crisis, riots and pro-democracy movement that led to Suharto's resignation. When Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998, Muchdi accompanied Prabowo to the Jakarta residence of new president B.J. Habibie at 11pm to present a draft cabinet line-up and recommended changes to

7076-517: The government to better control state and regional budgets so programs favor the "small people, not just a handful of people". In March 2018, he said Berkarya would intensively approach politicians from other parties to join Berkarya. Berkarya hoped to be ranked among the top three parties in 2019 by capitalizing on nostalgia for the Suharto era. Neneng in 2017 said Berkarya could be among the top two vote-winners in 2019 because many leaders want to join

7198-429: The government. Murtopo claimed that workers were a functional group, which by rights ought to be subsumed under Golkar: "thus all unions were united into a single body answerable to the state. The population was no longer there to be mobilised by political parties, rather, the people were the 'floating mass', or the 'ignorant mass', who needed firm guidance so they would not be lured into politics. In order to "Golkar-ize"

7320-699: The growing strength of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). In 1960, Sukarno awarded sectoral groups such as teachers, the Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police , workers and artists seats in the Mutual Cooperation House of Representatives . As some of the members of these functional groups were linked to political parties, this gave political influence to the National Armed Forces and by extention

7442-577: The lawsuit filed by the General Chair of the Golongan Karya Party resulting from the Bali National Conference, Aburizal Bakrie , regarding the dualism of party management. The decision was taken at a deliberation meeting of the Jakarta PTTUN panel of judges. With the reading of the PTUN decision, the management of the Golongan Karya Party which was later recognized by the court was the result of

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7564-442: The leadership of Kopassus on 28 March 1998 came at the behest of his friend and predecessor Prabowo, who was being promoted to chief of the Army's Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Then-Army chief Wiranto opposed Muchdi being installed as Kopassus chief and instead favored Brigadier General Sang Nyoman Suwisma, a Hindu. But Wiranto was outmaneuvered by Prabowo, who was close to Suharto. As Wiranto recounted in his memoir Witness in

7686-610: The leadership of PPP, despite having joined the party only a month earlier. He claimed that as an Islamic activist, he wanted to reverse PPP's declining popularity in elections. In May 2011, Muchdi was elected head of the Daily Regional Leadership Council (DPW) of PPP for Papua province for the period 2011–2015. Party officials in the province hoped his leadership would mobilize Papuans to vote for PPP in future general elections. However, PPP officials in Jakarta rejected Muchdi's election as illegal, claiming

7808-530: The majority of Kopassus members. Otherwise, it would be difficult for the elite force to carry out its mission.... Prabowo then personally proposed Maj. Gen. Muchdi PR, who was then military commander in Kalimantan. I was certainly very disappointed by such maneuvers. So I told President Suharto the real story…. I also said I would be responsible for the decision. But I found out later that I was too late because then ABRI Commander General Feisal Tanjung had signed

7930-433: The meeting determined Berkarya had met the requirements for verification at the central level. On 17 February 2018, KPU announced Berkarya was among 14 parties (later revised to 16 parties) eligible for the 2019 elections. The following day, when parties drew numbers to determine the order they would appear on ballot sheets, Berkarya drew number 7. Then-chairwoman Neneng A. Tuty said number 7 is lucky and she hoped it would help

8052-478: The military leadership. Later that night, Muchdi reported to a gathering of Muslim leaders the meeting with Habibie had gone well. However, Habibie instead favored General Wiranto, who recommended Muchdi be sacked as Kopassus chief. After Habibie agreed, Wiranto instructed Army chief Subagyo Hadiswoyo to relieve Prabowo and Muchdi of their duties. During the May 1998 riots , Wiranto had assigned Kopassus officers, under

8174-414: The minister was obliged to revoke the decrees. Muchdi said he would appeal the court's decision and urged his followers to remain solid until there is a ruling with permanent legal force. Berkarya secretary general Badaruddin Andi Picunang in March 2018 confirmed convicted murderer Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto had joined the party. He said Pollycarpus, who served eight years of a 14-year jail sentence for

8296-462: The nation, Murtopo sometimes used the military and gangs of young thugs to eliminate political competition. Golkar was declared on 4 February 1970, to participate in the 1971 legislative elections . Suharto's alignment with Golkar paid dividends when Golkar won 62% of the votes and an overwhelming majority in the People's Representative Council (DPR). The members of the DPR also doubled as members of

8418-768: The nomination. In August 2004 Golkar formed, with PDI-P, PPP, Reform Star Party (PBR) and Prosperous Peace Party (PDS), a national coalition to back Megawati. Further infighting would hamper Golkar in its bid to back Megawati. Fahmi Idris led a group of Golkar members in defecting and threw their support behind Yudhoyono and Kalla. At the Presidential Run-Off in September 2004, Yudhoyono emerged victorious over Megawati to become Indonesia's 6th president. Yusuf Kalla, who had gone his own way back in April 2004, became vice president. Although he had overwhelmingly won

8540-555: The organization aims to guard Tommy and the party’s agenda, and protect Indonesia from poverty, disintegration and global challenges. The organization would seek to improve commodity distribution chains to redress imbalances that presently favor middlemen over farmers. Perisai plans to gradually build warehouses or transit points for agricultural products, plantation products and fishermen's produce, so that middlemen will no longer exploit producers. Tri Joko said Perisai will help to restore Indonesia’s glory in food self-sufficiency by promoting

8662-401: The other political parties who had one person as their presidential candidate from the start, Golkar had five. In April 2004, Golkar held a national convention to decide who would become Golkar's candidate for president. These five were Akbar Tanjung, General Wiranto , Lieutenant-General Prabowo , Aburizal Bakrie , and Surya Paloh . Akbar won the first round of elections but Wiranto emerged as

8784-456: The party to victory. According to KPU data, Berkarya is present in 486 regencies and has 409,022 members, of whom 36.36% are women. After the party's qualification, all of Suharto's children joined Berkarya Party. Berkarya’s website states the party aims to fight for the people's aspirations and interests in every political and government decision and policy. In February 2018, Tommy said if the party wins legislative seats in 2019, it would direct

8906-525: The party vice chairman and the chairman of the advisory board, respectively. Kalla's new appointment as chairman of Golkar significantly strengthened Yudhoyono's government in Parliament and left the PDI-P as the only major opposition party in the DPR. After being eliminated in the first round of the 2004 Indonesian presidential election , Wiranto was "traumatized" by his defeat and decided not to run for

9028-624: The party want Tommy as their presidential candidate, although he acknowledged it may be difficult for a new party to field its own candidate, so the selection would be determined at a national leadership meeting. While Berkarya officials want Tommy as a presidential candidate, he may be ineligible to run for the nation's highest office. Under Indonesian Law No. 7 of 2017 on Elections, presidential candidates must not have been involved in corruption or any other serious criminal activity; must never have been involved in any despicable act; and must never have been sentenced to jail for more than five years. Tommy

9150-477: The party's electoral commands. Berkarya experienced its first internal conflict in July 2017 when Central Leadership Board executive Nurul Candrasari, a former Golkar official, was dismissed from her position. She responded by reporting Neneng and Badaruddin to police over her "illegal" dismissal. In 2020, a rift developed in Berkarya between Tommy's loyalists and supporters of Muchdi. Muchdi's faction, calling itself

9272-438: The party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified it as a nationalist party, while their international counterparts described it as a secular - nationalist or conservative party. During the New Order, its political leaning was described as far-right . In the post-Suharto era , Golkar is now considered a centrist, centre-right , or catch-all party. The Golkar parliamentary group in

9394-403: The party, describing his endorsement of Jokowi as an act of betrayal. The reformist Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI), which supports Jokowi, questioned whether Muchdi was seeking to act as "a destructive Trojan horse from within" or merely looking to create a sensation. PSI official Surya Tjandra said Muchdi's support would not increase Jokowi's electability. Muchdi's Berkarya faction, called

9516-429: The party, while many people miss the prosperity of the Suharto era. In February 2018, party secretary general Badaruddin Andi Picunang said Berkarya is targeting 78 seats in the 2019 election, amounting to 13.7% of votes. Berkarya in 2017 inaugurated a party wing called Perisai (meaning ‘Shield’, an acronym from Patriot Organisasi Pagar Negeri or National Fence Patriot Organization). Perisai Chairman Tri Joko Susilo said

9638-443: The party. In August 2018, prosecutors at Central Jakarta Corruption Court recommended Abdul be sentenced to eight years in jail. On 20 September 2018, he was found guilty of accepting bribes of Rp3.6 billion and sentenced to six years in jail. On 28 September 2019, police arrested Berkarya legislative candidate Sony Santoso, a retired Navy first admiral, on suspicion of leading a plot to detonate bombs in Jakarta's Chinatown district on

9760-444: The perception that it was a normal military rotation, but Wiranto insisted on the changes being made immediately. On the morning of 23 May, Subagyo removed Muchdi from the command of Kopassus. Major-General Syahrir was sworn in as the new Kopassus chief on May 25. Muchdi was shifted to the non-combat role of deputy inspector general of TNI. On 1 March 2001, Muchdi was among 55 generals present at an Army headquarters meeting that agreed

9882-467: The perpetual reelection of Golkar. After the 1977 and 1997 legislative elections, there were claims of electoral fraud launched by the party, who together with Golkar were the only legal political parties after 1973. There were also claims of Golkar members intimidating the electorate to vote for Golkar. With the Fall of Suharto in May 1998 , Golkar quickly sought to adapt and reform itself. In July 1998,

10004-576: The police investigation into the terror attack. The formal separation of the Indonesian Military and Police in 1999 had compromised the intelligence capabilities of the police force, which lacked a database on radical groups. Hence, Muchdi's task force was required to provide police with military intelligence, as BIN had a database on extremists. Muchdi's group reportedly pursued suspects in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara province. Two weeks after

10126-438: The possible abuse of power. There were also complaints by Wiranto who claimed that some months earlier, Yudhoyono had promised to support him if he ran for the Golkar chairmanship. On 19 December 2004, Kalla became the new Golkar chairman with over 50% of the votes. Akbar, who had expected to win a second term as Golkar chairman, was defeated with 30% of the votes. Agung and Surya, who Yudhoyono and Kalla had backed earlier, became

10248-566: The presidency without his own political vehicle. He resigned from Golkar Party in 2006 and established Hanura , targeting voters who had supported him in 2004. Meanwhile, Prabowo Subianto who came last in the April 2004 convention also resigned from Golkar on 12 July 2008, forming Gerindra in the process. At the 2009 Congress, held in Pekanbaru , Aburizal Bakrie was elected chairman, winning 269 out of 583 votes, and beating Surya Paloh into second place. Surya Paloh then went on to establish

10370-500: The presidency, Yudhoyono was still weak in the DPR. His own Democratic Party had only won 7% in the legislative elections and even combined with other parties who had aligned themselves with the new government, they still had to contend with the legislative muscle of Golkar and PDI-P who now intended to play the role of opposition. With a National Congress to be held in December 2004, Yudhoyono and Kalla had originally backed Head of DPR Agung Laksono to become Golkar chairman. When Agung

10492-453: The president from a list of nominees submitted by provincial legislative assemblies, rather than being directly elected by the people. In order to field a candidate in the 2019 presidential election, political parties needed at least 20% of the seats in parliament, or at least 25% of the popular vote, or they could form a coalition to come up with the requisite numbers. In September 2017, when asked if he would run for presidency, Tommy said he

10614-416: The reign of Golkar. In practice, however, Golkar permitted only a semblance of competition. Elections were "exercises in controlled aggression", and were ritualized performances of "choice", in which local authorities were to obey directives about Golkar's electoral results in their area. A system of rewards, punishments, and violence meted out by thugs helped to guarantee cooperation across the archipelago, and

10736-558: The requirement of being a member for at least six years. In February 2011, Muchdi quit Gerindra and joined the Islam-based United Development Party (PPP), saying "only PPP is still purely Islamic today”. He declined to explicitly explain his reason for leaving, but Gerindra member Desmon Junaidi Mahesa said Muchdi's move to PPP was an effort to raise support for Prabowo in the 2014 presidential election . In March 2011, Muchdi declared he would run for

10858-706: The right to join any party and stand for election. In January 2018, the chairman of the Regional Leadership Council (DPW) of Berkarya's South Kalimantan chapter, Abdul Latif, was arrested by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly accepting a Rp1 billion bribe related to a hospital project. Abdul is the head of Central Hulu Sungai regency and had quit Golkar Party in order to join Berkarya. Badaruddin said Berkarya would provide Abdul with legal aid and ensure he does not get dismissed from his position in

10980-597: The same day. Sony's neighbors in Tangerang expressed doubt over his alleged involvement, saying he liked to sing karaoke and had even spoken at a local mosque. Sony had run unsuccessfully for parliament in the April 2019 general election. Golkar The Party of Functional Groups ( Indonesian : Partai Golongan Karya ), often known by its abbreviation Golkar , is a centre-right big tent secular nationalist political party in Indonesia . Founded in 1964 as

11102-691: The speech. Although PDI-P had won the legislative elections, Golkar joined forces with the Central Axis, a political coalition put together by MPR Chairman Amien Rais , to nominate and successfully secure the election of Abdurrahman Wahid as president. Golkar, however, was unable to stop the election of Megawati as vice president. Golkar was rewarded for its support of Wahid by having its members appointed to ministerial positions in Wahid's Cabinet . Much like those who had supported Wahid, Golkar would grow disillusioned with Wahid. In April 2000, Jusuf Kalla ,

11224-461: The third daughter of racing driver Alex Asmasoebrata. Their wedding reception at Jakarta's Shangri-La Hotel reportedly cost Rp5 billion. Alex said he was proud to be connected to Muchdi because he considers him a true patriot who is reputed to have assisted orphans and Islamic boarding schools. He said he hoped the wedding would bring Andra closer to God and result in her wearing a Muslim headscarf. Andra and Dias were divorced by 2017, and Andra married

11346-461: The use of organic fertilizers to improve soil quality and yields. On 10 March 2018, Tommy outlined Berkarya’s education policy. He said Berkarya would introduce learning without going to school, as children could stay at home and learn through the internet. He said this system would save trillions of rupiah, as students would no longer need books or uniforms. He said smart cards could be used to pay for discounted tuition, while exams could take place in

11468-402: The villages, strengthening the role of the state, quality economic growth, equalising incomes, ensuring even development in all areas, quality education and healthcare, strengthening communities, sustained economic development, upholding the law and human rights, industrial development based on technology, and revitalization of agriculture and trade. The first decade would lay the foundations for

11590-680: The voting process was legally flawed. Muchdi responded by filing a police complaint against four senior PPP members, accusing them of slander and defamation. In June 2011, when PPP held a congress in the West Java capital of Bandung to elect a new leader, Muchdi withdrew from the race, saying he was ineligible to stand for the position. In January 2012, it was reported Muchdi had joined the National Republic Party (Nasrep) of former president Suharto's youngest son, Hutomo Mandala Putra, better known as Tommy Suharto. Muchdi served as

11712-467: The winner in the second round. Wiranto chose Solahuddin Wahid as his running mate. The 2004 Presidential Election was held on 5 July. The first round was won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Jusuf Kalla who faced Megawati and Hasyim Muzadi in the September 2004 run-off. Wiranto/Wahid came second and there were allegations of disunity within the party with Akbar not fully supporting Wiranto after losing

11834-413: The youth vote through the works from Minister of Youth and Sports Dito Ariotedjo to attract young voters. Golkar also attracted politicians such as Ridwan Kamil and Musa Rajekshah , famous politicians in their own home provinces, to boost party standings in the election. Internally, Airlangga also worked to solidify the party base after a period of conflict between Bakrie and Laksono while continuing

11956-435: Was Kopassus commander for three months. In May 1998 he was removed from structural duties following the resignation of Suharto. In August 1998 an Indonesian Military (TNI) Officers' Honorary Council ( Dewan Kehormatan Perwira ) ruled Muchdi was among those responsible for the 1997-98 kidnappings of pro-democracy activists. After that, Muchdi was a general without a command portfolio at TNI headquarters. Muchdi's promotion to

12078-407: Was also de facto divided into three factions: These three factions worked closely together to gain consensus and in the case of nominating a presidential candidate it was the heads of these three factions who went to inform the candidate (which until 1998 was Suharto) that he had just been nominated as Golkar's presidential candidate. The three factions did not always work together however. In 1988,

12200-784: Was also a claim Prabowo had advised then-President Abdurrahman Wahid to appoint Muchdi as head of the State Intelligence Coordinating Agency (Bakin, responsible to the President), which was headed by Lieutenant General Arie J. Kumaat. BAKIN was in January 2001 restructured and renamed the State Intelligence Agency (BIN). After Abdurrahman Wahid was impeached in July 2001, his successor Megawati Sukarnoputri appointed Hendropriyono to lead BIN on 9 August 2001. In December 2001, Muchdi

12322-417: Was an effort to intimidate judges, prosecutors and witnesses. Some witnesses failed to appear, and others who had previously provided incriminating statements to police withdrew them at trial. Tensions were evident at the trial when Munir's widow Suciwati urged Muchdi to tell the truth. He responded by snapping at her, “Shut up, you!” before he exited. Muchdi was acquitted on December 31, 2008. In June 2009,

12444-413: Was appointed Deputy V of BIN. In March 2005, he was positioned as a BIN principal agent. In April 2003, he retired from the military and had the status of a Group 4 civil servant. On 1 January 2008, he retired as a Group 4 civil servant. After the October 2002 Bali bombings that left 202 people dead, Muchdi – in his capacity as deputy head of BIN – headed a joint intelligence task force that complemented

12566-617: Was elected as the new General Chair of the Golongan Karya Party during the Golkar National Conference in Nusa Dua, Bali. Setya Novanto then announced that Golkar was now supporting the government of Joko Widodo despite backed his rival Prabowo Subianto in the 2014 presidential election . However, due to his corruption cases, Golkar then appointed Airlangga Hartanto as their new chairman, replacing Novanto. Hartanto would later lead Golkar to retain second place during

12688-700: Was formally installed as secretary general on 6 April, replacing Badaruddin Andi Picunang. Tommy's lawyer Elza Syarief and motivational speaker Mario Teguh were also reported to be joining Berkarya. The party in April 2018 said Mario had decided not to join but would instead play a behind-the-scenes role, whereas his wife, Linna Teguh, would join the party. In June 2018, Tommy's sister Siti Hediati 'Titiek' Haryadi resigned from Golkar Party and joined Berkarya. Titiek, who ran for parliament in 2019 on Berkarya's ticket, complained her voice had never been heard in Golkar. Priyo Budi Santoso said Titiek would serve as chairwoman of Berkarya's Advisory Council and also as coordinator of

12810-483: Was former deputy head of the State Intelligence Agency (BIN). He was relieved of command duties in 1998 after the fall of Soeharto and was subsequently deemed responsible for abductions of pro-democracy activists . In 2008, he was acquitted of commissioning and assisting in the 2004 assassination of human rights campaigner Munir , following a trial deemed flawed by human rights organizations. He

12932-438: Was in 2014-15 involved in a legal dispute with PT Internasional Islamic Boarding School over the ownership of company shares worth Rp10 billion. In May 2015, Suharto's eldest daughter Siti Hardiyanti ‘Tutut’ Rukmana appointed Muchdi as chief commissioner of her television network PT Citra Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (TPI), which was embroiled in an ownership dispute with tycoon Hary Tanoesoedibjo . In December 2016, Muchdi

13054-491: Was in Kalimantan when they took place. In a 2008 interview, Muchdi said he had actually ordered the release of the remaining activists when he became Kopassus chief. In March 2001, President Abdurrahman Wahid accused Forestry Ministry secretary general Suripto of meeting with Muchdi at Jakarta's Kempinski Hotel to plot treason. Police questioned Muchdi, who said he had met with Suripto only to discuss logging concessions. Suripto also denied plotting treason. He said Muchdi owns

13176-519: Was in September 2000 convicted of corruption and sentenced to 18 months in jail by Supreme Court justice Syafiuddin Kartasasmita. Tommy went into hiding and paid two hitmen to murder Kartasasmita. The Supreme Court responded by overturning Tommy's corruption conviction. Tommy was in 2002 sentenced to 15 years in jail for murder, fleeing justice and possession of weapons and explosives. He was released on parole in 2006. In August 2018, Berkarya joined

13298-559: Was involved in the Indonesian Muslim Students (PII). Later, he served as deputy chairman of the Family of Indonesian Muslim Students (KBPII), an organization that considers communism and LGBT among the greatest threats to Indonesia. Muchdi has expressed pride in having been a member of "Generation 66", the generation that helped to bring down founding president Sukarno and replace him with Suharto. Muchdi said he

13420-772: Was involved in the Indonesian Student Youth Action Front (KAPPI) in Yogyakarta and often took part in demonstrations. After completing high school, Muchdi entered the Military Academy in 1967 and graduated in 1970. He served in East Timor four times. Muchdi became close to fellow soldier Prabowo Subianto , as both were tough fighters and Muslims. Muchdi's later promotions in the military were attributed to his connection to Prabowo, who in 1983 had married then-president Suharto's daughter Siti Hediati Hariyadi . Starting in 1995, Muchdi

13542-406: Was lacking under Tommy. He claimed Tommy had been inactive and not responsive to the party's needs. After the Muchdi faction was endorsed by the Justice Ministry, Badaruddin said Berkarya had automatically annulled all of its recommendations for candidates in regional elections throughout Indonesia. On 15 August 2020, Yudi Relawanto, the secretary of Muchdi's Munaslub, cast doubt on the legitimacy of

13664-454: Was one of those organisations moblized against the PKI in the aftermath of the failure of the 30 September Movement in 1965. In March 1968, General Suharto was officially elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) as Indonesia's second president. Because of his military background, Suharto was not affiliated with any political parties. Suharto had never expressed much interest in party politics. However, if he were to be elected for

13786-497: Was perceived to be too weak to run against Akbar, Yudhoyono and Kalla threw their weight behind Surya Paloh. Finally, when Paloh was perceived to be too weak to run against Akbar, Yudhoyono gave the green light for Kalla to run for the Golkar Chairmanship. This was a widely controversial move. Up to that point, Yudhoyono had not let members of his administration hold a concurrent position in political parties to prevent

13908-400: Was perpetrated by an off-duty Garuda pilot and alleged BIN agent named Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto. In earlier trials, Garuda chief executive Indra Setiawan testified he had met with Muchdi and received a verbal and written request from BIN to assign Pollycarpus to a flight that Munir made from Jakarta to Singapore. Evidence showed 41 phone calls were made between Pollycarpus and Muchdi in

14030-502: Was present for the inauguration of two associations that planned to resume sand mining and exports from Riau Islands province. The government had banned sand exports in 2007 because of environmental concerns, but the associations said exports of abundant sea sand would benefit the public. Muchdi is married to Puji Astuti and they have three children: Dewi Kirana Juvirawati, Raditya Muhas Juvirawan and Dias Baskara Dewantara. In November 2014, Dias married Allida Alexandra ‘Andra’ Nurluthvia,

14152-727: Was promoted three times in three years from colonel to brigadier general to major general. Muchdi has said that in 1986, while he was training at the Army Staff and Command College (Seskoad) in Bandung , he was summoned by the Intelligence Task Force of the Operational Command for the Restoration of Security and Order (Kopkamtib) in Jakarta and detained for three days on accusations of having been

14274-500: Was recognized by the government as a legitimate political party on 17 October 2016. Controversially, Berkarya Party uses Golkar's distinctive banyan tree logo and yellow color. Berkarya's founding chairwoman Neneng A. Tuty said these similarities were coincidental and not an effort to imitate Golkar. In 2017, Berkarya announced it would nominate Tommy for the presidency for the 2019-2023 period "to restore Indonesia's glory, such as food self-sufficiency, development and creating justice in

14396-558: Was reportedly exposed during a meeting of Muslim leaders at a religious gathering at Muchdi's house. According to the book After Bali: The Threat of Terrorism in Southeast Asia , Muchdi introduced Harris to the Muslim leaders as a “BIN operative”. In August 2008, Muchdi went on trial at South Jakarta District Court, accused of soliciting and planning the September 2004 murder of human rights activist Munir Said Thalib . The killing

14518-588: Was so absolute that for most of the Suharto era, Indonesia was effectively a one-party state. Suharto was able to pass bills without any meaningful opposition, and was able to form a Cabinet which consisted only of Golkar appointees. After 1973, Suharto banned all political parties except for the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and the United Development Party (PPP). These two parties were nominally permitted to contest

14640-409: Was turned from a federation of NGOs into a political party. Under Suharto, Golkar continued to portray itself as a non-ideological entity, without favoritism or political agendas. It promised to focus on "economic development" and "stability" rather than a specific ideological goal. Golkar also began identifying itself with the government, encouraging civil servants to vote for it as a sign of loyalty to

14762-428: Was willing to acknowledge Tommy as the legitimate leader of the party. He complained that Badaruddin Andi Picunang had engineered the split in Berkarya even though 32 of the party's provincial chapters remained loyal to Tommy. On 16 February 2021, Jakarta State Administrative Court ruled that the two decrees issued by the Minister of Justice and Human Rights recognizing Muchdi's leadership of Berkarya were void, and ruled

14884-528: Was yet to think that far ahead, as he was focused on the party's verification. On 5 October 2017, Tommy's lawyer Erwin Kallo denied his client would be contesting the 2019 presidential election. He said Tommy did not wish to be actively involved in practical politics, adding that some "fake accounts" on social media claimed mass organizations had met with Tommy and endorsed him to run. In March 2018, Berkarya secretary general Badaruddin Andi Picunang said all members of

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