The Berkeley Folk Music Festival was a folk music festival held annually from 1958 to 1970 in Berkeley, California , one of the major centers of the folk music revival in the United States. It was directed by Barry Olivier .
109-623: The Festival was one of the preeminent folk festivals on the West Coast, predating the more famous Newport Folk Festival on the East Coast and presenting performers, artists, and scholars such as Joan Baez , Pete Seeger , Doc Watson , Alan Lomax , Howlin' Wolf , Phil Ochs , Alice Stuart , Jean Ritchie , Jean Redpath , Jesse Fuller , Big Mama Thornton , Mance Lipscomb , Mississippi John Hurt , Archie Green , Alan Dundes , Bess Lomax Hawes , Ewan MacColl , John Fahey , Robbie Basho ,
218-587: A civil servant from the United States, giving Marley two half-brothers: Richard and Anthony. In February 1962, Marley recorded four songs, " Judge Not ", "One Cup of Coffee", "Do You Still Love Me?" and "Terror", at Federal Studios for local music producer Leslie Kong . Three of the songs were released on Beverley's with "One Cup of Coffee" being released under the pseudonym Bobby Martell. In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh , Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith were called
327-492: A private in the British Army . At the time of his marriage to Cedella Malcolm, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old, Norval was supervising a subdivision of land for war veteran housing, and he was about 64 years old at the time of Bob Marley's birth. Norval, who provided little financial support for his wife and child and rarely saw them, died when Marley was 10 years old. Some sources state that Marley's birth name
436-465: A state funeral in Jamaica. The greatest hits album Legend was released in 1984 and became the best-selling reggae album of all time . Marley also ranks as one of the best-selling music artists of all time , with estimated sales of more than 75 million records worldwide. He was posthumously honoured by Jamaica soon after his death with a designated Order of Merit by his nation. In 1994, Marley
545-924: A 1937 speech given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia. Marley held that independence of African countries from European domination was a victory for all those in the African diaspora. In the song "Africa Unite", he sings of a desire for all peoples of the African diaspora to come together and fight against "Babylon"; similarly, in the song "Zimbabwe", Marley marks the liberation of the whole continent of Africa, and evokes calls for unity between all Africans, both within and outside Africa. Marley married Alfarita Constantia "Rita" Anderson in Kingston, Jamaica, on 10 February 1966. He had many children: three were born to his wife Rita, and two additional children were adopted from Rita's previous relationships as his own, and they have
654-673: A 23-minute title song which took up all of the B-side of the album. Half spoken word poem and half tape-recorded sounds, the song documented Baez's visit to Hanoi , North Vietnam , in December 1972 during which she and her traveling companions survived the 11-day-long Christmas Bombings campaign over Hanoi and Haiphong . (See Vietnam War in Civil rights section below.) Gracias a la Vida (1974) (the title song written and first performed by Chilean folk singer Violeta Parra ) followed and
763-860: A 24-minute tape of Marley performing several of his own and Norman-Pyfrom's compositions. According to reggae archivist Roger Steffens , this tape is rare in that it was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as part of an effort to break Marley into the US charts. According to an article in The New York Times , Marley experimented on the tape with various sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on "Stay With Me" and "the slow love song style of 1960s artists" on "Splish for My Splash". He lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury , during 1972. In 1972, Bob Marley signed with CBS Records in London and embarked on
872-468: A Spanish-speaking congregation. Albert first considered becoming a minister but instead turned to the study of mathematics and physics and received his PhD from Stanford University in 1950. Albert was later credited as a co-inventor of the X-ray microscope . Joan's cousin, John C. Baez , is a mathematical physicist . Her mother, Joan Chandos Baez (née Bridge), referred to as Joan Senior or "Big Joan",
981-459: A Time , like David's Album , featured a decidedly country sound. Baez's distinctive vocal style and political activism had a significant impact on American popular music. She was one of the first musicians to use her popularity as a vehicle for social protest, singing and marching for human rights and peace. Pete Seeger , Odetta , and decades-long friend Harry Belafonte were her early social justice advocate influences. Baez came to be considered
1090-508: A UK tour with soul singer Johnny Nash . While in London the Wailers asked their road manager Brent Clarke to introduce them to Chris Blackwell , who had licensed some of their Coxsone releases for his Island Records . The Wailers intended to discuss the royalties associated with these releases; instead, the meeting resulted in the offer of an advance of £4,000 to record an album. Since Jimmy Cliff , Island's top reggae star, had recently left
1199-426: A Voice to Sing With is "I was born gifted" (referring to her singing voice, which she explained was given to her and for which she can take no credit). A friend of Joan's father gave her a ukulele . She learned four chords, which enabled her to play rhythm and blues , the music she was listening to at the time. Her parents, however, were fearful that the music would lead her into a life of drug addiction . When Baez
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#17327903139681308-647: A benefit for her sister Mimi's Bread and Roses organization. She later returned for another concert in 1996. Beginning in 2001, Baez has had several successful long-term engagements as a lead character at San Francisco's Teatro ZinZanni . In August 2001, Vanguard began re-releasing Baez's first 13 albums, which she recorded for the label between 1960 and 1971. The reissues, being released through Vanguard's Original Master Series, feature digitally restored sound, unreleased bonus songs, new and original artwork, and new liner-note essays written by Arthur Levy. Likewise, her six A&M albums were reissued in 2003. In 2003, Baez
1417-629: A classical music composer, who provided classical orchestration for her next three albums: Noël (1966), Joan (1967), and Baptism: A Journey Through Our Time (1968). Noël was a Christmas album of traditional material, while Baptism was akin to a concept album , featuring Baez reading and singing poems written by celebrated poets such as James Joyce , Federico García Lorca , and Walt Whitman . Joan featured interpretations of work by contemporary composers, including John Lennon and Paul McCartney , Tim Hardin , Paul Simon , and Donovan . In 1968, Baez traveled to Nashville, Tennessee , where
1526-529: A contract with a major label, Virgin Records , recording Play Me Backwards (1992) for Virgin shortly before the company was purchased by EMI . She then switched to Guardian, with whom she produced a live album, Ring Them Bells (1995), and a studio album, Gone from Danger (1997). In 1993, at the invitation of Refugees International and sponsored by the Soros Foundation , she traveled to
1635-612: A dissident human-rights group, which resulted in her microphone being shut off abruptly. Baez then proceeded to sing a cappella for the nearly four thousand gathered. Havel cited her as a great inspiration and influence in that country's Velvet Revolution , the revolution in which the Soviet-dominated Communist government there was overthrown. Baez recorded two more albums with Gold Castle: Speaking of Dreams , (1989) and Brothers in Arms (1991). She then landed
1744-501: A few friends, resulting in eight patrons. Baez was paid ten dollars before she was later asked back and began performing twice a week for $ 25 per show. A few months later, Baez and two other folk enthusiasts made plans to record an album in the cellar of a friend's house. The trio sang solos and duets and a family friend designed the album cover, which was released on Veritas Records that same year as Folksingers 'Round Harvard Square . Baez later met Bob Gibson and Odetta , who were at
1853-480: A frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances. "Marley wasn't singing about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily to too many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down." – Mikal Gilmore , Rolling Stone Survival , a defiant and politically charged album,
1962-462: A guest spot on their subsequent Human Rights Now! tour. Baez found herself without an American label for the release of Live Europe 83 (1984), which was released in Europe and Canada but not released commercially in the U.S. She did not have an American release until the album Recently (1987) on Gold Castle Records . In 1987, Baez's second autobiography, called And a Voice to Sing With ,
2071-419: A live album that had Baez performing songs "from every stage" of her career, Baez again parted ways with a record label when she moved to CBS Records for Blowin' Away (1977) and Honest Lullaby (1979). In 1980, Baez was given honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degrees by Antioch University and Rutgers University for her political activism and the "universality of her music". In 1983, she appeared on
2180-802: A live version of " No Woman, No Cry ", from the Live! album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts. On 3 December 1976, two days before " Smile Jamaica ", a free concert organised by Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Bob Marley, Rita, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen inside Marley's home. Taylor and Rita sustained serious injuries but later made full recoveries. Marley sustained minor wounds in
2289-482: A major role throughout Marley's life. As well as playing the game, in parking lots, fields, and even inside recording studios, Marley followed the Brazilian club Santos and its star player Pelé growing up and was also a supporter of English football club Tottenham Hotspur and Argentine midfielder Ossie Ardiles , who played for the club for a decade beginning in 1978. Marley surrounded himself with people from
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#17327903139682398-656: A marathon recording session resulted in two albums. The first, Any Day Now (1968), consists exclusively of Dylan covers. The other, the country-music-infused David's Album (1969), was recorded for husband David Harris , a prominent anti- Vietnam War protester eventually imprisoned for draft resistance . Harris, a country music fan, turned Baez toward more complex country-rock influences beginning with David's Album . Later in 1968, Baez published her first memoir, Daybreak (by Dial Press ). In August 1969, her appearance at Woodstock in upstate New York raised her international musical and political profile, particularly after
2507-567: A musician. Though primarily an album artist, several of Baez's singles have charted, the first being her 1965 cover of Phil Ochs ' "There but for Fortune", which became a mid-level chart hit in the U.S. and Canada, and a top-ten single in the United Kingdom. Baez added other instruments to her recordings on Farewell, Angelina (1965), which features several Dylan songs interspersed with more traditional fare. Deciding to experiment with different styles, Baez turned to Peter Schickele ,
2616-601: A songwriter herself, Baez generally interprets others' work, having recorded many traditional songs and songs written by the Allman Brothers Band , the Beatles , Jackson Browne , Leonard Cohen , Woody Guthrie , Violeta Parra , the Rolling Stones , Pete Seeger , Paul Simon , Stevie Wonder , Bob Marley , and many others. She was one of the first major artists to record the songs of Bob Dylan in
2725-594: A viral hit. On April 7, 2017, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . On March 2, 2018, she released a new studio album entitled Whistle Down the Wind , which charted in many countries and was nominated for a Grammy, and undertook her "Fare Thee Well Tour" to support the album. On April 30, 2019, Baez told Rolling Stone that she had been approached to perform at the Woodstock 50 festival, but had turned
2834-508: A vital factor in religious growth and connection with Jah, and as a way to philosophise and become wiser. Marley was a Pan-Africanist and believed in the unity of African people worldwide. His beliefs were rooted in his Rastafari religious beliefs. Marley was substantially inspired by Marcus Garvey and had anti-imperialist and pan-Africanist themes in many of his songs, such as " Zimbabwe ", "Exodus", "Survival", "Blackman Redemption" and " Redemption Song ." The lattermost draws influence from
2943-724: A vocal group with Bunny Wailer and Peter Tosh . The line-up was known variously as the Teenagers, the Wailing Rudeboys, the Wailing Wailers, and finally just the Wailers. Joe Higgs , who was part of the successful vocal act Higgs and Wilson , lived nearby and encouraged Marley. Marley and the others did not play any instruments at this time and were more interested in being a vocal harmony group. Higgs helped them develop their vocal harmonies and began teaching Marley guitar. Marley's mother later married Edward Booker,
3052-510: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This music event–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Joan Baez Joan Chandos Baez ( / b aɪ z / BYZE , Spanish: [ˈbaes] ; born January 9, 1941 ) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest and social justice . Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing more than 30 albums. Baez
3161-457: Is generally regarded as a folk singer , but her music has diversified since the counterculture era of the 1960s and encompasses genres such as folk rock , pop, country , and gospel music . She began her recording career in 1960 and achieved immediate success. Her first three albums, Joan Baez , Joan Baez, Vol. 2 and Joan Baez in Concert , all achieved gold record status. Although
3270-514: The New York Times , praised the concert, saying, "That superb soprano voice, as lustrous and rich as old gold, flowed purely all evening with a wondrous ease. Her singing (unwound) like a spool of satin." Years later when Baez thought back to that concert, she laughed, saying: "I remember in 1961 my manager sending me this newspaper (clipping) in the mail (which) read, 'Joan Baez Town Hall Concert, SRO.' I thought SRO meant 'sold right out.' I
3379-532: The Grammy Awards , performing Dylan's anthemic " Blowin' in the Wind ", a song she first performed twenty years earlier. Baez also played a significant role in the 1985 Live Aid concert for African famine relief, opening the U.S. segment of the show in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. She has toured on behalf of many other causes, including Amnesty International 's 1986 A Conspiracy of Hope tour and
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3488-564: The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . The day after receiving the honor, she appeared at the Grammy Awards ceremony and introduced a performance by the Dixie Chicks . September 2008 saw the release of the studio album Day After Tomorrow , produced by Steve Earle and featuring three of his songs. The album was Baez's first charting record in nearly three decades. On June 29, 2008, Baez performed on
3597-843: The PBS series American Masters , is the true core of her life, "looming larger than music". Baez spent much of her formative youth living in the San Francisco Bay area , where she graduated from Palo Alto High School in 1958. Here, Baez dated Michael New, a fellow student described as " Trinidad English" whom she met at her college in the late 1950s, and occasionally introduced as her husband. Baez committed her first act of civil disobedience by refusing to leave her Palo Alto High School classroom in Palo Alto, California for an air raid drill . She remained close to her younger sister Mimi up until Mimi's death in 2001 and mentioned in
3706-562: The Trenchtown section of Kingston . Marley's mother and Thadeus Livingston, Bunny Wailer's father, had a daughter together named Claudette Pearl, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny. With Marley and Livingston living together in the same house in Trenchtown, their musical explorations deepened to include the new ska music and the latest R&B from United States radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica. Marley formed
3815-720: The environment . Baez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7, 2017. Baez was born in the Staten Island borough of New York City on January 9, 1941. Her grandfather, Alberto Baez, left the Catholic Church to become a Methodist minister and moved to the U.S. when her father was two years old. Her father, Albert Baez (1912–2007), was born in Puebla , Mexico, and grew up in Brooklyn , New York, where his father preached to – and advocated for –
3924-474: The feminist movement and is not a vegetarian. She is the subject of the 2023 documentary Joan Baez: I Am a Noise , in which she reflected on among other things her personal struggles, her political activism, and her personal and professional relationship with Bob Dylan. She also related that Mimi and she had struggled with depression and after years of therapy came to believe that they had been abused by their father. The opening line of Baez's memoir And
4033-478: The "most accomplished interpretive folksinger/songwriter of the 1960s". Her appeal extended far beyond the folk music audience. Of her fourteen Vanguard albums, thirteen made the top 100 of Billboard's mainstream pop chart, eleven made the top forty, eight made the top twenty, and four made the top ten. After eleven years with Vanguard, Baez decided in 1971 to cut ties with the label that had released her albums since 1960. She delivered Vanguard one last success with
4142-428: The 1959 Newport Folk Festival. Following that appearance, she recorded her first album for Vanguard, Joan Baez (1960), produced by Fred Hellerman of The Weavers , who produced many albums by folk artists. The collection of traditional folk ballads , blues, and laments sung to her own guitar accompaniment sold moderately well. It featured many popular Child Ballads of the day and was recorded in only four days in
4251-567: The 2009 American Masters documentary that she had grown closer to her older sister Pauline in later years. Presently, Baez is a resident of Woodside, California , where she lived with her mother until the latter's death in 2013. She has said that her house has a backyard tree house in which she spends time meditating, writing, and "being close to nature". Since stepping down from the stage in 2019, she has devoted herself to portraiture. Owing to false assumptions that have been promoted about her, Baez stated in 2019 that she has never been part of
4360-491: The Band 's " The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down ". She is also known for " Farewell, Angelina ", " Love Is Just a Four-Letter Word ", " Forever Young ", " Here's to You ", " Joe Hill ", " Sweet Sir Galahad " and " We Shall Overcome ". Baez performed fourteen songs at the 1969 Woodstock Festival and has displayed a lifelong commitment to political and social activism in the fields of nonviolence , civil rights , human rights , and
4469-622: The Jefferson Airplane , the Youngbloods , Big Brother and the Holding Company , Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach , and many others. The festival's willingness to embrace electric rock music and other forms of what would become known as roots music or Americana makes it markedly different from Newport, with its famous struggle over Bob Dylan going electric. It exemplified the diverse and adventurous musical and cultural milieu of
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4578-518: The Marley name. The official Bob Marley website acknowledges 11 children. Those listed on the official site are: Other sites have noted additional individuals who claim to be family members, as noted below: Marley also has several notable grandchildren, including musicians Skip Marley and YG Marley , American football player Nico Marley , model Selah Marley , and filmmaker Donisha Prendergast . Aside from music, association football played
4687-632: The San Francisco area to Boston, Massachusetts after her father accepted a faculty position at MIT . At that time, it was in the center of the up-and-coming folk-music scene and she began performing near home in Boston and nearby Cambridge . She also performed in clubs and attended Boston University for about six weeks before she gave her first concert at the Club 47 in Cambridge. When designing
4796-592: The Southern states, she would play only at black colleges. Owing to her father's work with UNESCO , their family moved many times, living in towns across the U.S. as well as in England, France, Switzerland, Spain, Canada, and the Middle East, including Iraq . Joan Baez became involved with a variety of social causes early in her career, including civil rights and nonviolence . Social justice , she stated in
4905-931: The Stanley Theater (now The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts ) in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania. The only known photographs from the show were included in Kevin Macdonald 's 2012 documentary film Marley . Shortly after, Marley's health deteriorated as his cancer had spread throughout his body . The rest of the tour was cancelled, and Marley sought treatment at the Josef Issels ' clinic in Rottach-Egern , Bavaria , Germany, where he underwent an alternative cancer treatment called Issels treatment , partly based on avoidance of certain foods, fluids, and other substances. After eight months of
5014-609: The Teenagers. They later changed the name to the Wailing Rudeboys, then to the Wailing Wailers, at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd , and finally to the Wailers. Their single " Simmer Down " for the Coxsone label became a Jamaican No. 1 in February 1964 selling an estimated 70,000 copies. The Wailers, now regularly recording for Studio One, found themselves working with established Jamaican musicians such as Ernest Ranglin (arranger "It Hurts To Be Alone"),
5123-457: The Upsetters . Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they recorded what many consider the Wailers' finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would continue to work together. 1969 brought another change to Jamaican popular music, where the beat slowed down even further. The new beat was a slow, steady, ticking rhythm that
5232-743: The Wailers' earliest efforts in the new reggae style. Gone are the ska trumpets and saxophones of the earlier songs, with instrumental breaks now being played by the electric guitar." The songs recorded would be released as the album The Best of The Wailers , including tracks "Soul Shakedown Party", "Stop That Train", "Caution", "Go Tell it on the Mountain", "Soon Come", "Can't You See", "Soul Captives", "Cheer Up", "Back Out" and "Do It Twice". Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer re-cut some old tracks with JAD Records in Kingston and London in an attempt to commercialise
5341-573: The Wailers' sound. Bunny later asserted that those songs "should never be released on an album... they were just demos for record companies to listen to". In 1968, Bob and Rita visited songwriter Jimmy Norman at his apartment in the Bronx. Norman had written the extended lyrics for " Time is on My Side " (recorded by Irma Thomas and the Rolling Stones ) and had also written for Johnny Nash and Jimi Hendrix . A three-day jam session with Norman and others, including Norman's co-writer Al Pyfrom, resulted in
5450-751: The West Coast—and the Bay Area in particular—and suggests a major revision in our understanding of the folk revival, of the relationship of culture to political events in Berkeley such as the Free Speech Movement , to commerce and civil society, and to ongoing issues and questions about cultural heritage, technology, diversity, and commonality. Kramer, Michael J. "The Berkeley Folk Music Festival Project" . Northwestern University . Retrieved 31 July 2015 . This California -related article
5559-633: The acoustic stage at the Glastonbury Festival playing out the final set to a packed audience. On July 6, 2008, she played at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux , Switzerland. During the concert's finale, she spontaneously danced on stage with a band of African percussionists. On August 2, 2009, Baez played at the 50th Newport Folk Festival , which also marked the 50th anniversary of her breakthrough performance at
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#17327903139685668-543: The album Burnin' , which included the song " I Shot the Sheriff ". Eric Clapton was given the album by his guitarist George Terry in the hope that he would enjoy it. Clapton was impressed and chose to record a cover version of "I Shot the Sheriff", which became his first US hit since " Layla " two years earlier and reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 14 September 1974. Many Jamaicans were not keen on
5777-430: The album Catch a Fire . Primarily recorded on an eight-track, Catch a Fire marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers. Blackwell desired to create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm", and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of
5886-457: The album at Island Studios , which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music and omitting two tracks. The Wailers' first album for Island, Catch a Fire , was released worldwide in April 1973, packaged like a rock record with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it received a positive critical reception. It was followed later that year by
5995-625: The alternative treatment failing to effectively treat his advancing cancer, Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica. During the flight, his vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami , Florida, Marley was taken to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, later renamed University of Miami Hospital , for urgent medical attention, where he died on 11 May 1981, at the age of 36, due to the spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain. Marley's final words to his son Ziggy were: "On your way up, take me up. On your way down, don't let me down." On 21 May 1981, Marley
6104-527: The assembly line and as a fork lift operator at a Chrysler plant in nearby Newark , under the alias Donald Marley. Though raised Catholic , Marley became interested in Rastafari beliefs in the 1960s, when away from his mother's influence. After returning to Jamaica, Marley formally converted to Rastafari and began to grow dreadlocks . After a financial disagreement with Dodd, Marley and his band teamed up with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band,
6213-522: The ballroom of New York City's Manhattan Towers Hotel. The album also included " El Preso Numero Nueve ", a song sung entirely in Spanish, which she would re-record in 1974 for inclusion on her Spanish-language album Gracias a la Vida . She made her New York concert debut on November 5, 1960, at the 92nd Street Y and on November 11, 1961, Baez played her first major New York concert at a sold-out performance at Town Hall . Robert Shelton, folk critic of
6322-468: The chest and arm. The attempt on his life was believed to have been politically motivated, as many felt that Smile Jamaica was actually a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two days after the attempt. The members of the group Zap Pow played as Bob Marley's backup band before a festival crowd of 80,000 while members of The Wailers were still missing or in hiding. Marley left Jamaica at
6431-644: The choir in the finale of " O Holy Night ". In February 2007, Proper Records reissued her 1995 live album Ring Them Bells , which featured duets with artists ranging from Dar Williams and Mimi Fariña to the Indigo Girls and Mary Chapin Carpenter . The reissue features a 16-page booklet and six unreleased live tracks from the original recording sessions. In addition, Baez recorded a duet of "Jim Crow" with John Mellencamp which appears on his album Freedom's Road (2007). Also in February 2007, she received
6540-553: The early 1960s; Baez was already an internationally celebrated artist and did much to popularize his early songwriting efforts. Her tumultuous relationship with Dylan later became the subject of songs from both and generated much public speculation. On her later albums she has found success interpreting the work of more recent songwriters, including Ryan Adams , Josh Ritter , Steve Earle , Natalie Merchant , and Joe Henry . Baez's acclaimed songs include " Diamonds & Rust " and covers of Phil Ochs 's " There but for Fortune " and
6649-712: The end of 1976, and after a month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau , Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years in self-imposed exile. Whilst in England, he recorded the albums Exodus and Kaya . Exodus stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: " Exodus ", " Waiting in Vain ", " Jamming ", and " One Love " (which interpolates Curtis Mayfield 's hit, " People Get Ready "). During his time in London, Marley
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#17327903139686758-480: The first festival. On October 14, 2009, PBS aired an episode of its documentary series American Masters , entitled Joan Baez: How Sweet the Sound . It was produced and directed by Mary Wharton. A DVD and CD of the soundtrack were released at the same time. On April 4, 2017, Baez released on her Facebook page her first new song in 27 years, "Nasty Man", a protest song against US President Donald Trump , which became
6867-438: The funeral of Lou Rawls , where she led Jesse Jackson Sr., Wonder, and others in the singing of " Amazing Grace ". On June 6, 2006, Baez joined Bruce Springsteen on stage at his San Francisco concert, where the two performed the rolling anthem " Pay Me My Money Down ". In September 2006, Baez contributed a live, retooled version of her classic song "Sweet Sir Galahad" to a Starbucks 's exclusive XM Artist Confidential album. In
6976-477: The global popularity of Eric Clapton 's version of Marley's " I Shot the Sheriff ", Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, a live version of " No Woman, No Cry ", from the Live! album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts. A few months later, Marley survived an assassination attempt at his home in Jamaica, which
7085-596: The gold-selling album Blessed Are... (1971), which included a top-ten hit in " The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down ", her cover of the Band 's signature song. With Come from the Shadows (1972), Baez switched to A&M Records , where she remained for four years and six albums. Joan Baez wrote "The Story of Bangladesh" in 1971. This song was based on the Pakistani army crackdown on unarmed sleeping Bengali students at Dhaka University on March 25, 1971, which ignited
7194-431: The group as a rising figure in reggae. The Wailers released 11 more studio albums, and after signing to Island Records , changed their name to Bob Marley and the Wailers. While initially employing louder instrumentation and singing, they began engaging in rhythmic-based song construction in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which coincided with Marley's conversion to Rastafari. Around this time, Marley relocated to London, and
7303-442: The group embodied their musical shift with the release of the album The Best of The Wailers (1971). Bob Marley and the Wailers began to gain international attention after signing to Island and touring in support of the albums Catch a Fire and Burnin' (both 1973). Following their disbandment a year later, Marley carried on under the band's name. The album Natty Dread (1974) received positive reviews. In 1975, following
7412-459: The keyboardist Jackie Mittoo and saxophonist Roland Alphonso. By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left the Wailers, leaving the core trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh . In 1966, Marley married Rita Anderson , and moved near his mother's residence in Wilmington, Delaware , in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant, and on
7521-434: The label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognised the elements needed to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in he really was that image." The Wailers returned to Jamaica to record at Harry J's in Kingston, which resulted in
7630-480: The legalisation of cannabis and advocated for Pan-Africanism . Born in Nine Mile, Jamaica , Marley began his career in 1963, after forming the group Teenagers with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer , which became the Wailers . In 1965, they released their debut studio album, The Wailing Wailers , which included the single " One Love ", a reworking of " People Get Ready ". It was popular worldwide and established
7739-752: The moment she appeared on stage. Havel was a great admirer of both Baez and her work. During Baez's next visit to Prague, in April 2007, the two met again when she performed in front of a sold-out house at Prague's Lucerna Hall , a building erected by Havel's grandfather. On December 2, 2006, she made a guest appearance at the Oakland Interfaith Gospel Choir 's Christmas Concert at the Paramount Theatre in Oakland , California. Her participation included versions of " Let Us Break Bread Together " and "Amazing Grace". She also joined
7848-523: The nail and nail bed were removed, and a skin graft was taken from his thigh to cover the area. Despite his illness, Marley continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a 1980 world tour. The album Uprising was released in May 1980. The band completed a major tour of Europe, where it played its biggest concert to 100,000 people at San Siro stadium in Milan , Italy. Marley's last ever outdoor concert
7957-408: The new reggae sound on Catch a Fire , but the Trenchtown style of Burnin found fans across both reggae and rock audiences. During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's office but also his home. The Wailers disbanded in 1974, with each of
8066-526: The new version, she changed the lyric "here's to the dawn of their days" to "here's to the dawn of her days", as a tribute to her late sister Mimi, about whom Baez wrote the song in 1969. Later on, October 8, 2006, she appeared as a special surprise guest at the opening ceremony of the Forum 2000 international conference in Prague . Her performance was kept secret from former Czech Republic President Havel until
8175-462: The offer down for "it was too complicated to even get involved in" and her "instincts" were telling her "no". On July 28, 2019, following dates across Europe, Baez performed her final concert at Madrid's Teatro Real. Bob Marley Robert Nesta Marley OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae , he fused elements of reggae, ska and rocksteady and
8284-400: The opposing Jamaica Labour Party ) joined each other on stage and shook hands. Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers, 11 albums were released, four live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included Babylon by Bus , a double live album with 13 tracks, was released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track "Jamming", with the audience in
8393-464: The otherworldly voice, and it was this appearance that led to Baez signing with Vanguard Records the following year, although Columbia Records tried to sign her first. Baez later claimed that she felt she would be given more artistic license at a more "low key" label. Baez's nickname at the time, "Madonna", has been attributed to her clear voice, long hair, and natural beauty, and to her role as "Earth Mother". Her true professional career began at
8502-458: The poster for the performance, Baez considered changing her performing name to either Rachel Sandperl, the surname of her longtime mentor Ira Sandperl , or Maria from the song " They Call the Wind Maria ". She later opted against doing so, fearing that people would accuse her of changing her last name because it was Spanish. The audience consisted of her parents, sister Mimi, her boyfriend, and
8611-491: The prolonged nine-month Bangladesh Liberation War . The song was later entitled "The Song of Bangladesh" and released in a 1972 album from Chandos Music. During this period in late 1971, she reunited with composer Peter Schickele to record two tracks, "Rejoice in the Sun" and "Silent Running" for the science-fiction film Silent Running . The two songs were issued as a single on Decca (32890). In addition to this, another LP
8720-479: The sport, and in the 1970s, made the Jamaican international footballer Allan "Skill" Cole his tour manager. Marley told a journalist, "If you want to get to know me, you will have to play football against me and the Wailers." Two of the cars that Marley owned were BMWs, a 1602 and then an E3 2500. He purchased these because of the name. Marley said BMW stood for Bob Marley and the Wailers. In July 1977, Marley
8829-408: The successful release of the documentary film Woodstock (1970). Beginning in the late 1960s, Baez began writing many of her own songs, beginning with " Sweet Sir Galahad " and "A Song For David", both songs appearing on her 1970 (I Live) One Day at a Time album; "Sweet Sir Galahad" was written about her sister Mimi's second marriage, while "A Song For David" was a tribute to Harris. One Day at
8938-452: The sun, acral lentiginous melanoma occurs in places that are easy to miss, such as the soles of the feet, or under toenails. Although it is the most common melanoma in people with dark skin, it is not widely recognised and was not mentioned in the most popular medical textbook of the time. Marley rejected his doctors' advice to have his toe amputated , which would have hindered Marley's performing career, citing his religious beliefs. Instead,
9047-604: The three main members pursuing a solo career. Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & The Wailers". His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. The " I Threes ", consisting of Judy Mowatt , Marcia Griffiths , and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica with
9156-478: The time two of the most prominent vocalists singing folk and gospel music . Baez cites Odetta as a primary influence along with Marian Anderson and Pete Seeger. Gibson invited Baez to perform with him at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival , where they sang two duets, "Virgin Mary Had One Son" and "We Are Crossing Jordan River". The performance generated substantial praise for the "barefoot Madonna" with
9265-544: The war-torn Bosnia and Herzegovina region of former- Yugoslavia in an effort to help bring more attention to the suffering there. She was the first major artist to perform in Sarajevo since the outbreak of the Yugoslav civil war . In October of that year, Baez became the first major artist to perform in a professional concert presentation on Alcatraz Island (a former U.S. federal prison) in San Francisco, California, in
9374-497: Was Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 that featured Baez's first-ever Dylan cover. From the early to the mid-1960s, Baez emerged at the forefront of the American roots revival , where she introduced her audiences to the then-unknown Bob Dylan and was emulated by artists such as Judy Collins , Emmylou Harris , Joni Mitchell , and Bonnie Raitt . On November 23, 1962, Baez appeared on the cover of Time Magazine —a rare honor then for
9483-601: Was 13, her aunt took her to a concert by folk musician Pete Seeger , and Baez found herself strongly moved by his music. She soon began practicing the songs of his repertoire and performing them publicly. One of her very earliest public performances was at a retreat in Saratoga, California , for a youth group from Temple Beth Jacob, a Redwood City, California , Jewish congregation. A few years later, in 1957, Baez bought her first Gibson acoustic guitar. After graduating from high school in 1958, Baez and her family moved from
9592-426: Was Marley's final studio album and the last album that was released during his lifetime. It is one of his most religious productions, as it includes " Redemption Song " and " Forever Loving Jah ". Confrontation , released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit " Buffalo Soldier " and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica. Marley
9701-753: Was Nesta Robert Marley, with a story that when Marley was still a boy, a Jamaican passport official reversed his first and middle names because Nesta sounded like a girl's name. Marley's biographer has refuted claims by some cousins that the Marley surname had Syrian-Jewish origins. Marley's maternal grandfather, Omariah, known as a Myal , was an early musical influence on Marley. Marley began to play music with Neville Livingston, later known as Bunny Wailer , while at Stepney Primary and Junior High School in Nine Mile, where they were childhood friends. At age 12, Marley left Nine Mile with his mother and moved to
9810-465: Was a longtime member of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. He became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking its music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene. As part of being a Rastafarian, Marley felt that Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was an incarnation of God or "Jah". However, later in life, he ended up converting to Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and
9919-481: Was a success in both the U.S. and Latin America. It included the song " Cucurrucucú paloma ". Flirting with mainstream pop music as well as writing her own songs for Diamonds & Rust (1975), the album became the highest selling of Baez's career and included a second top-ten single in the form of the title track. After Gulf Winds (1976), an album of entirely self-composed songs and From Every Stage (1976),
10028-569: Was also a judge for the third annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. Her album, Dark Chords on a Big Guitar (2003), features songs by composers half her age, while a November 2004 performance at New York City's Bowery Ballroom was recorded for a live release, Bowery Songs (2005). On October 1, 2005, she performed at the Hardly Strictly Bluegrass festival, at San Francisco's Golden Gate Park . Then, on January 13, 2006, Baez performed at
10137-475: Was arrested and convicted of possession of a small quantity of cannabis . In 1978, Marley returned to Jamaica and performed at another political concert, the One Love Peace Concert , again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marley's request, Michael Manley (leader of then-ruling People's National Party ) and his political rival Edward Seaga (leader of
10246-431: Was arrested in 1968 after being caught with cannabis but continued to use marijuana in accordance with his religious beliefs. Of his marijuana usage, Marley said, "When you smoke herb, herb reveal yourself to you. All the wickedness you do, the herb reveal itself to yourself, your conscience, show up yourself clear, because herb make you meditate. Is only a natural t'ing and it grow like a tree." Marley saw marijuana usage as
10355-486: Was baptised by Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq in the presence of his wife Rita Marley and their children, with the name of Berhane Selassie, on 4 November 1980, shortly before his death. As a Rastafarian , Marley supported the legalisation of cannabis or "ganja", which Rastafarians believe is an aid to meditation. Marley began to use cannabis when he converted to the Rastafari faith from Catholicism in 1966. Marley
10464-511: Was believed to be politically motivated. He permanently relocated to London, where he recorded the album Exodus , which incorporated elements of blues , soul , and British rock and had commercial and critical success. In 1977, Marley was diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma ; he died in May 1981, shortly after baptism into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church . Fans around the world expressed their grief, and he received
10573-508: Was better known as Mimi Fariña . The Baez family converted to Quakerism during Joan's early childhood, and she has continued to identify with the tradition, particularly in her commitment to pacifism and social issues. While growing up, Baez was subjected to racial slurs and discrimination because of her Mexican heritage. Consequently, she became involved in social causes early in her career. She declined to play in any white student venues that were segregated, which meant that when she toured
10682-545: Was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the second daughter of an English Anglican priest who claimed to be descended from the Dukes of Chandos . Born on April 11, 1913, she died on April 20, 2013. Baez was the second of three sisters, all of whom were political activists and musicians. The eldest was Pauline Thalia Baez Bryan (1938–2016), also known as Pauline Marden, and the youngest was Margarita Mimi Baez Fariña (1945–2001), who
10791-484: Was born on 6 February 1945 at the farm of his maternal grandfather in Nine Mile , Saint Ann Parish , Jamaica , to Norval Sinclair Marley and Cedella Malcolm . Norval was a white Jamaican born in Clarendon Parish , and whose cousins claimed that the Marley surname had Syrian-Jewish origins. This is however not conclusive and speculative. Norval went by the moniker "Captain", despite only having been
10900-422: Was diagnosed with a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of his right big toe. Contrary to urban legend , this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year but was instead a symptom of already-existing cancer. Marley had to see two doctors before a biopsy was done, which confirmed acral lentiginous melanoma . Unlike other melanomas, which usually appear on skin exposed to
11009-653: Was first heard on the Maytals song " Do the Reggay ". Marley approached producer Leslie Kong , who was regarded as one of the major developers of the reggae sound. For the recordings, Kong combined the Wailers with his studio musicians called Beverley's All-Stars, which consisted of bassists Lloyd Parks and Jackie Jackson , drummer Paul Douglas , keyboardists Gladstone Anderson and Winston Wright , and guitarists Rad Bryan, Lynn Taitt , and Hux Brown. As David Moskowitz writes, "The tracks recorded in this session illustrated
11118-432: Was given a state funeral in Jamaica that combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition. He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace in Nine Mile; Marley's casket contained his red Gibson Les Paul guitar, a Bible opened at Psalm 23 , and a stalk of ganja placed there by his widow Rita Marley . Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, saying: His voice
11227-685: Was played on 6 July 1980 at Dalymount Park in Dublin . After the tour, Marley went to the United States, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden in New York City as part of the Uprising Tour . On 21 September 1980, Marley collapsed while jogging in Central Park and was taken to the hospital, where it was found that his cancer had spread to his brain, lungs, and liver. Marley's last concert took place two days later at
11336-533: Was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Rolling Stone ranked him No. 11 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . and No. 98 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. His other achievements include a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award , a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and induction into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame . Marley
11445-556: Was published and became a New York Times bestseller . That same year, she traveled to the Middle East to visit with and sing songs of peace for Israel and the Palestinians . In May 1989, Baez performed at a music festival in communist Czechoslovakia called Bratislavská lýra. While there, she met future Czechoslovak president Václav Havel , whom she let carry her guitar so as to prevent his arrest by government agents. During her performance, she greeted members of Charter 77 ,
11554-638: Was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", " Africa Unite ", "Wake Up and Live" and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at the Amandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African apartheid , which he already had shown in his song " War " in 1976. In early 1980, Marley was invited to perform at a 17 April celebration of Zimbabwe 's Independence Day. Uprising (1980)
11663-567: Was released on Decca (DL 7-9188) and was later reissued by Varèse Sarabande on black (STV-81072) and green (VC-81072) vinyl. In 1998, a limited release on CD by the "Valley Forge Record Groupe" was released. Baez's first album for A&M, Come from the Shadows , was recorded in Nashville, and included a number of more personal compositions, including "Love Song to a Stranger" and "Myths", as well as work by Mimi Farina, John Lennon, and Anna Marly. Where Are You Now, My Son? (1973) featured
11772-467: Was renowned for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style. Marley increased the visibility of Jamaican music worldwide and made him a global figure in popular culture. He became known as a Rastafarian icon, and he infused his music with a sense of spirituality. Marley is also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music and culture and identity and was controversial in his outspoken support for democratic social reforms. Marley also supported
11881-482: Was so innocent of it all." Her second release, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (1961), went gold , as did Joan Baez in Concert , Part 1 (1962) and Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 (1963). Like its immediate predecessor, Joan Baez, Vol. 2 contained strictly traditional material. Her two albums of live material, Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1 and its second counterpart were unique in that unlike most live albums, they contained only new songs rather than established favorites. It
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