Richard L. Berkley (born Richard L. Berkowitz ; June 29, 1931 – November 29, 2023) was an American politician who was the 50th mayor of Kansas City , Missouri from 1979 to 1991.
31-571: Born Richard Berkowitz in 1931, he received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and a Master's degree in Business Administration from Harvard Business School in 1957. His family owns the Kansas City‐based Tension Corporation (before 2011 Tension Envelope Corporation), and Berkley was treasurer and was on the company's board of directors. Berkley served on the city council from 1969 to 1979 and
62-618: A Doctor of Philosophy ) is a third cycle degree which can be undertaken only after achieving a Laurea magistrale. It was introduced in the mid-1980s and consists of three/four years of PhD-level courses and experimental work, including the final defense of an innovative thesis. Other than the PhD, another third-cycle title is the Diploma di Specializzazione , gained after a two-year (Law, Diploma di Specializzazione in Professioni legali ) or
93-415: A laurea , the student must complete a thesis, but a less demanding one than required for the old laurea (typically, a non-research thesis). A graduate is granted by law the title of dottore (shortened dr. or dott.), or Doctor. The Laurea magistrale (formerly known as Laurea Specialistica, 2002–2006) is a second cycle degree equivalent to a master's degree (120 ECTS credits) which can be earned in
124-485: A laurea , the student must complete a thesis, but a less demanding one than required for the old laurea (typically, a non-research thesis). There is not necessarily a laurea course for every discipline. For instance, for disciplines as Medicine or Jurisprudence only laurea magistrale courses are provided. First professional degrees sometimes contain the word Doctor , but are still considered undergraduate degrees in most countries, including Canada . For example,
155-442: A Laurea; a II level Master ( Master di II livello ) can be gained after a Laurea magistrale and is useful for pursuing further studies (like a PhD) or for professional achievements. A graduate is granted by law the title of dottore magistrale (shortened as dr. mag. or dott. mag.) , or Magistral Doctor. However, the title is not commonly used, and graduates are simply addressed as "doctor". The Dottorato di ricerca (equivalent to
186-684: A Postgraduate degree course. In the Postgrad, only students graduating from Stricto Sensu courses, that is, academic or professional master's and doctoral degrees and are given the titles of Master or Doctor, respectively. For students of the Lato Sensu – specializations, MBA programs and Post-MBA programs – is given certificates of completion and the title Specialist. Graduate degrees in Brazil are called "postgraduate" degrees. Education in Uruguay
217-442: A boutique hotel, and will also be home to first worldwide stadium purpose built for a women's professional sports team. The 11,500 seat $ 125 million stadium is expected to open March 2024 will be home to KC Current. Berkley and his wife, Sandy, had two children Elizabeth and Jon. He died on November 29, 2023, at the age of 92. Undergraduate degree An undergraduate degree (also called first degree or simply degree )
248-602: A major expansion of Bartle Hall Convention Center and revitalization of the Quality Hill neighbourhood. The Richard L. Berkley Riverfront Park is named for him near the intersections of Riverfront Drive, Berkley Plaza, and Lydia Avenue with Berkley Parkway along the Missouri River just off I-35 and the Christopher "Kit" Bond Bridge ( I-35 ). The Port Authority of Kansas City, Missouri (Port KC) established
279-696: A public cemetery within the Park for his internment. Mayor Berkley was on the City Council when the Port Authority was formed in 1977 and continued to be a great political and civic advocate for the clean up and eventual redevelopment of the Riverfront Development adjacent to Berkley Riverfront Park which was built in 1999. Today Port KC's development includes more than 1 million square feet of development include luxury apartments, retail,
310-514: A three-to-six year (Medicine, depending on the particular field) course of study and research. To enrol for a Diploma di Specializzazione , a Laurea magistrale (in Law or Medicine, respectively) is required. The Diploma di Specializzazione in Professioni legali is one of the ways to access the competition for appointment as a judge, whereas the Specializzazione in a specific medical field
341-469: A two-year programme after the laurea and requires an extensive thesis (usually, 150–250 pages). In some fields (particularly Medicine, Law, Engineering and Architecture) the Laurea magistrale a ciclo unico is awarded. This is a five or six year second cycle ( master's ) degree (300 or 360 ECTS ), which does not require a previous first cycle degree for the admission (like an Integrated master's degree in
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#1732772561971372-530: Is a colloquial term for an academic degree earned by a person who has completed undergraduate courses. In the United States, it is usually offered at an institution of higher education , such as a college or university . The most common type of these undergraduate degrees are associate degree and bachelor's degree . Bachelor's degree typically takes at least three or four years to complete. In some other educational systems, undergraduate education
403-426: Is compulsory for a total of nine years, beginning at the primary level, and is free from the pre-primary through the university level. In 1996, the gross primary enrollment rate was 111.7 percent, and the net primary enrollment rate was 92.9 percent. Primary school attendance rates were unavailable for Uruguay as of 2001. There are three levels of postsecondary education: Laurea magistrale In Italy ,
434-490: Is now equivalent under Italian law to the new Italian master's degree named Laurea magistrale . Spurred by the Bologna process , a major reform was instituted in 1999 to align its programmes with the more universal system of undergraduate ( bachelor's degree ) and postgraduate studies ( master's and doctoral degrees ). This allowed for greater mobility of university students via exchange programmes to other countries such as
465-1065: Is post-secondary education up to the level of a master's degree; this is the case for some science courses in Britain and some long-cycle medicine courses in other European countries. These degrees can be categorised as basic or first professional degrees. In the United Kingdom , a bachelor's degree is the most common type of undergraduate degree. Some master's degrees , known as integrated master's degrees, can be undertaken immediately after finishing secondary education ; these courses are usually extended versions of bachelor's degree programs, taking an additional year to complete. Most bachelor's degrees in England, Wales and Northern Ireland take three years to complete, with some notable exceptions, such as Medicine taking five years (these, like integrated master's degrees, are master's-level qualifications that include study at bachelor's level). In Italy ,
496-545: The laurea (formerly laurea triennale , meaning "three-year laurea ") is the most common type of "undergraduate degree". It is equivalent to a bachelor's degree and its normative time to completion is three years (note that in Italy scuola secondaria superiore or Lyceum [secondary or grammar school], takes five years, so it ends at 19 years of age). Not to be confused with the old laurea —now called laurea magistrale —which typically used to last five or six years. To earn
527-410: The laurea is the main post-secondary academic degree . The name originally referred literally to the laurel wreath , since ancient times a sign of honor and now worn by Italian students right after their official graduation ceremony and sometimes during the graduation party. A graduate is known as a laureato , literally "crowned with laurel " and is awarded the title of dottore , or Doctor. In
558-598: The University Reform of 1918 , a series of reforms that took place in the Universidad de Córdoba that further changed the Argentine educational system. Currently there are three levels: For a better understanding of education levels in Brazil, it is necessary to understand the structure of the higher education in the country. The present Brazilian system is organized according to the law that establishes
589-588: The 23 community colleges with a transfer associate degree and a minimum grade point average to obtain guaranteed admission to more than 20 of the Commonwealth's four-year colleges and universities. Argentine higher education system is based on the Spanish higher education system , which is basically a Continental education system (in contrast to the model in the English-speaking world). During
620-682: The Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) program in Canada is considered an "undergraduate degree". However, in the United States, most first professional degrees are considered graduate programs by the U.S. Department of Education and require students to already possess an "undergraduate degree" before admission. These degrees are not research doctorates and are therefore not equivalent to the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Many countries offer bachelor's degrees that are equivalent to American graduate degrees. For example,
651-626: The Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degrees offered in the U.S. are equivalent to the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS or MBChB) degree. In the United States and sometimes in Canada, an associate degree is a two-year degree. It is occasionally undertaken as the beginning of a four-year degree. Some two-year college systems have articulation agreements with four-year institutions in their state, which specify which courses transfer without problems. The Arizona General Education Curriculum certification (AGEC), awarded for
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#1732772561971682-538: The UK). The Laurea magistrale should not be confused with the Italian Master , which is not a master's degree, but a one-year diploma (60 ECTS) which guarantees a more practical education but does not give access to further levels of studies (it can be considered similar to a postgraduate certificate or a postgraduate diploma ). A I level Master ( Master di I livello ) is a diploma which can be obtained after
713-521: The United States and Commonwealth nations. The old laurea was split into undergraduate and postgraduate studies, and their programmes have been reformed. The Laurea (180 ECTS credits), a first cycle degree that is equivalent to a bachelor's degree , includes bachelor-level courses, simpler than those of the old laurea , and its normative time to completion is three years (note that In Italy scuola secondaria superiore or Lyceum , high school, takes five years, so it ends at 19 years of age). To earn
744-402: The completion of an Associate of Arts , Associate of Science , or Associate of Business degree, indicates the completion of all bachelor's degree lower-level course work and permits the student to transfer to any of the three state universities and several private universities as a third-year student or "junior". To obtain an AGEC certification, one must: Although an AGEC certification meets
775-440: The early Middle Ages Italian universities awarded both bachelor's and doctor's degrees. However very few bachelor's degrees from Italian universities are recorded in the later Middle Ages and none after 1500. Students could take the doctoral examination without studying at the university. This was criticised by northern Europeans as taking a degree per saltum because they had leapt over the regulations requiring years of study at
806-812: The guidelines and bases for national education – Law n. 9.394 of 20 December 1996. The classification of institutions of higher education happens according to their academic organization, and the following names are possible: Universities, University Centers, Colleges and Integrated Schools, Colleges and Institutes and Centers of Technological Education. The higher education courses have two different academic levels, known as Undergraduate or Post Graduation. These degrees, have subdivisions in which are distributed programs of higher education in Brazil, and they may be bachelors, licentiates, and associates, for Undergraduate levels. As for specializations, there are MBAs, Post-MBAs programs and for Post-graduation there are academic master's, professional master's degrees and doctorates. At
837-436: The requirements for the bachelor's degree Lower Level it may or may not meet any prerequisite requirements for any given degree program. Associate degrees with an AGEC certification are often custom tailored with electives to meet the prerequisite requirements for the program and university the student wishes to transfer to. Virginia's community college has signed system-wide agreements, allowing students who graduate from one of
868-590: The title of doctor is restricted to holders of a PhD (or in some cases to medical doctors). Until the introduction of the dottorato di ricerca (PhD-level education) in the mid-1980s, the laurea constituted the highest academic degree obtainable in Italy and gave the holders access to the highest academic positions. Nobel prize winners such as Enrico Fermi , Emilio Segrè , Giulio Natta , Carlo Rubbia and Giorgio Parisi held it as their highest degree. The pre-Bologna laurea degree (formally named Diploma di laurea or Laurea vecchio ordinamento or Laurea ),
899-417: The undergraduate level, there are still community colleges and further education courses. At the undergraduate level, the bachelor's degrees, licentiates and technologist, provide undergraduation diplomas, while colleges and Extension courses provide certificates of completion. The law formalizes a B.A., B.S., Licentiate or Technologist degrees, according to the student's education, and is prerequisite to begin
930-405: The university. To earn a laurea (degree) undergraduate students had to complete four to six years of university courses, and finally complete a thesis . Laureati are customarily addressed as dottore (for a man) or dottoressa (for a woman), as are holders of at least a laurea (Legge n. 240/2010 art. 17 comma 2 Riforma Gelmini). This is in contrast with the convention in countries where
961-638: Was mayor pro tem from 1971 to 1979. Although Kansas City mayors do not officially have political affiliations, Berkley has been the only Republican mayor of the city since Albert I. Beach left office in 1930. He was the city's first Jewish mayor and served longer than any other mayor in Kansas City history. During his term as mayor, he led the calls for a federal investigation into the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse in 1981. More than 700 capital improvement projects occurred during his term, including