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31-518: The company was founded in Taganrog in 1934 as OKB -49 by Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev , and since that time has designed and produced more than 20 different models of aircraft for civilian and military purposes, as well as customized models. Today the company employs some 3000 specialists and is developing and manufacturing amphibious aircraft. Pilots flying Beriev seaplanes have broken 228 world aviation records, which are registered and acknowledged by

62-458: A collection of poems entitled Taganrog . In Maria Kuncewiczowa 's 1945 novel The Stranger (New York, LB Fischer publisher), the city of Taganrog plays an essential role as a place of nostalgic happiness for the uprooted Polish musician and matriarch, Rose. Numerous Russian and international aristocrats, politicians, artists, and scientists were born and/or have lived in Taganrog. Taganrog

93-447: A diversified agricultural industry, production plants, and a modern infrastructure. The location of Taganrog on the intersection of traffic routes and the seaport facilitate access to the emerging CIS markets. Taganrog's main trading partners are the CIS countries, South Korea , Turkey , Italy , Greece , and Egypt . The Taganrog air base is six kilometres (3 nmi) northwest of

124-426: Is Taganrog Auto Factory ( TagAZ Ltd. ), which originated from Taganrog Combine Harvester Factory. The plant manufactures automobiles licensed by Hyundai. The production line includes Hyundai Accent compact sedan, mid-size Hyundai Sonata, sport utility vehicle Santa Fe, and Hyundai Porter pickup truck. Taganrog is also home to the aircraft design bureau Beriev . The area around Taganrog has a large industrial potential,

155-457: Is easily stored and transported with limited spoilage, unlike other agricultural products. Healthy grain supply and trade is important to many societies, providing a caloric base for most food systems as well as important role in animal feed for animal agriculture . The grain trade is as old as agricultural settlement, identified in many of the early cultures that adopted sedentary farming. Major societal changes have been directly connected to

186-565: Is sometimes grown as a perennial . Winter varieties are hardy enough to be planted in the autumn, becoming dormant in the winter, and harvested in spring or early summer; spring varieties are planted in spring and harvested in late summer. The term cereal is derived from the name of the Roman goddess of grain crops and fertility, Ceres . Cereals were domesticated in the Neolithic , some 8,000 years ago. Wheat and barley were domesticated in

217-627: Is the leading industrial center of Rostov Oblast. Local industry is represented by aerospace, machine-building, automobile, military, iron and steel industry, engineering, metal traders and processors, timber, woodwork, pulp and paper, food, light, chemical and construction materials. The city is one of the major ports of the Sea of Azov . The biggest company currently operating in Taganrog is Taganrog Iron & Steel Factory , (publicly traded company Tagmet), which manufactures steel, steel pipe, for oil and gas industry and consumer goods. The other major employer

248-797: Is the native city of It is also associated with: Taganrog is twinned with: Grain A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit ( caryopsis ) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legumes . After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other staple foods , such as starchy fruits ( plantains , breadfruit , etc.) and tubers ( sweet potatoes , cassava , and more). This durability has made grains well suited to industrial agriculture , since they can be mechanically harvested , transported by rail or ship, stored for long periods in silos , and milled for flour or pressed for oil . Thus,

279-615: The Alexander I Palace in Taganrog was used as his summer residence, and he died there in November 1825. Also in Taganrog is the House of Teacher , a mansion where numerous artists have performed. Although it had been bombarded and damaged by an Anglo-French fleet in 1855, Taganrog became important as a commercial port, used for the import of grain by the end of the 19th century until the early 20th century. Industrialization increased in

310-683: The Azov Flotilla of Catherine the Great (1770–1783), which subsequently became the Russian Black Sea Fleet . Taganrog was granted city status in 1775. By the end of the 18th century, Taganrog had lost its importance as a military base after Crimea and the entire Sea of Azov were absorbed into the Russian Empire . In 1802, Tsar Alexander I granted the city special status , which lasted until 1887. In 1825,

341-747: The Fertile Crescent ; rice was domesticated in East Asia, and sorghum and millet were domesticated in West Africa. Maize was domesticated by Indigenous peoples of the Americas in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. In the 20th century, cereal productivity was greatly increased by the Green Revolution . This increase in production has accompanied a growing international trade , with some countries producing large portions of

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372-706: The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale . Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev founded the design bureau that bears his name at Taganrog in 1932. The traditional focus of the Beriyev Design Bureau has been the development of seaplanes for military and civilian use. The Bureau was moved to Krasnoyarsk in Siberia in 1942 to avoid destruction in World War II, and returned to Taganrog in 1945. In November 1989, Beriev became

403-598: The Ukrainian SSR as the administrative center of Taganrog Okrug. It was transferred to the Russian SFSR along with Shakhty Okrug on 1 October 1924. During World War II , Taganrog was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1943 during Operation Barbarossa , when two SS divisions entered the city on 17 October 1941, followed by the Wehrmacht . The city suffered extensive damage. Under German occupation

434-486: The grain market is a major global commodity market that includes crops such as maize , rice , soybeans , wheat and other grains. Grains and cereal are synonymous with caryopses , the fruits of the grass family . In agronomy and commerce, seeds or fruits from other plant families are called grains if they resemble caryopses. For example, amaranth is sold as " grain amaranth ", and amaranth products may be described as "whole grains". The pre-Hispanic civilizations of

465-503: The local government system was replaced by a German-style Bürgermeisteramt (Mayor's Office), which governed the city until it was liberated by the Red Army on 30 August 1943. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Taganrog Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. Taganrog

496-685: The Andes had grain-based food systems, but at higher elevations none of the grains was a cereal . All three grains native to the Andes ( kaniwa , kiwicha , and quinoa ) are broad-leafed plants rather than grasses such as corn, rice, and wheat. A cereal is a grass cultivated for its edible grain. Cereals are the world's largest crops, and are therefore staple foods . They include rice , wheat , rye , oats , barley , millet , and maize . Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat and quinoa , are pseudocereals . Most cereals are annuals , producing one crop from each planting, though rice

527-771: The Avgerino mansion in the city while commanding White Russian troops fighting in South Russia during the Russian Civil War . When the White Russians were defeated and Bolshevik power was established in the city on 25 December 1919, Denikin's remaining troops and the British Consulate were evacuated by HMS Montrose . Full power was granted to the executive committee of The City Soviet Workers' council on 17 December 1920, and Taganrog joined

558-537: The Greek historian Herodotus as emporion Kremnoi (Κρήμνοι, meaning cliffs). It had contacts as well to the other Greek colonies around the Black Sea as well as to the indigenous communities of the hinterland. In the 13th century, Pisan merchants founded a colony, Portus Pisanus, which was however short-lived. Taganrog was founded by Peter the Great on 12 September 1698. The first Russian Navy base, it hosted

589-420: The cereal supply for other countries. Starchy grains from broadleaf (dicot) plant families: Pulses or grain legumes , members of the pea family , have a higher protein content than most other plant foods, at around 20%, while soybeans have as much as 35%. As is the case with all other whole plant foods, pulses also contain carbohydrates and fat. Common pulses include: Oilseed grains are grown primarily for

620-524: The city and hosts the Taganrog Aviation Museum . The city also hosts the Taganrog military museum . The climate of Taganrog is temperate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa/Dfa ). Taganrog experiences moderately cold (mild by Russian standards) winters and hot summers. Bishop's House , also known as Kirsanov's house, Shtalberg House , Telegraph House and the House of Subsovich are located in Taganrog. Anton Chekhov featured

651-527: The city and its people in many of his works, including Ionych , The House with an Attic , The Man in a Shell , Van'ka , Three Years , Mask , and My Life . It is believed that Taganrog may have been the Lukomorye (fairy tale land) in which Alexander Pushkin 's Ruslan and Lyudmila (1820) was set. The city also appeared in the novels of Ivan Vasilenko and Konstantin Paustovsky and in

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682-684: The city when Belgian and German investors founded a boiler factory, an iron and steel foundry , a leather factory, and an oil press factory. By 1911, fifteen foreign consulates had opened in the city. During World War I , Taganrog served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic in March-April 1918. Afterwards it was occupied by the troops of the German Army from May to August 1918. In 1919, General Anton Denikin established his headquarters at

713-486: The creation of the first temporary settlements and the division of society into classes. This assumption that grain agriculture led to early settlements and social stratification has been challenged by James Scott in his book Against the Grain . He argues that the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agrarian communities was not a voluntary choice driven by the benefits of increased food production due to

744-454: The extraction of their edible oil . Vegetable oils provide dietary energy and some essential fatty acids . They are also used as fuel and lubricants. Ancient grains is a marketing term used to describe a category of grains and pseudocereals that are purported to have been minimally changed by selective breeding over recent millennia, as opposed to more widespread cereals such as corn , rice and modern varieties of wheat , which are

775-735: The grain trade, such as the fall of the Roman Empire . From the early modern period onward, grain trade has been an important part of colonial expansion and international power dynamics. The geopolitical dominance of countries like Australia, the United States, Canada and the Soviet Union during the 20th century was connected with their status as grain surplus countries. Those who handle grain at grain facilities may encounter numerous occupational hazards and exposures . Risks include grain entrapment , where workers are submerged in

806-402: The long storage potential of grains, but rather that the shift towards settlements was a coerced transformation imposed by dominant members of a society seeking to expand control over labor and resources. The grain trade refers to the local and international trade in cereals such as wheat , barley , maize , and rice , and other food grains . Grain is an important trade item because it

837-526: The mouth of the Don River . It is in the Black Sea region. Population: 245,120 ( 2021 Census ) ; 257,681 ( 2010 Census ) ; 281,947 ( 2002 Census ) ; 291,622 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The history of the city goes back to the late Bronze Age –early Iron Age . Later, it became the earliest Greek settlement in the northwestern Black Sea region and was probably mentioned by

868-671: The only defense industry enterprise to win the Prize for Quality awarded by the Soviet Government. Be-200 ( Irkut Corporation ), Be-103 ( Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant ) are produced here. In 2007 the company's revenue amounted to 1.616 billion rubles (in 2006 — 2.011 billion rubles), net profit — 14.148 million rubles (182.777 million rubles). In 2008 revenue (excluding VAT) amounted to 1.893 billion rubles (foreign market) and 939 million rubles (domestic market). Profit from sales — 275 million rubles. In April 2011 JSC TAVIA

899-678: The poems of Nikolay Sherbina and Valentin Parnakh . The legend of "Elder Fyodor Kuzmich " is cited in the book Roza Mira by Russian mystic Daniil Andreyev . According to this legend, the Russian tsar Alexander I did not die in Taganrog, but instead left his crown and the status of monarch to continue his life as a traveling hermit. In foreign literature, the city was mentioned in the titles of Der Tote von Taganrog by Eberhard von Cranach-Sichart  [ de ] and Taganrog by Reinhold Schneider . In 2004 Sabine Wichert published

930-524: The product of thousands of years of selective breeding. Ancient grains are often marketed as being more nutritious than modern grains, though their health benefits over modern varieties have been disputed by some nutritionists . Because grains are small, hard and dry, they can be stored, measured, and transported more readily than can other kinds of food crops such as fresh fruits, roots and tubers. The development of grain agriculture allowed excess food to be produced and stored easily which could have led to

961-656: Was joined to JSC Beriev TANTK. Chief Designers of the Joint Design Bureau of Marine Aircraft Engineering (OKB MS): Director of the Taganrog Machine-Building Plant: Heads of G. M. Beriev TANTK: Taganrog Taganrog ( Russian : Таганрог , IPA: [təɡɐnˈrok] ) is a port city in Rostov Oblast , Russia , on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov , several kilometers west of

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