Mariendorf ( German: [maˈʁiːənˌdɔʁf] ) is a locality in the southern Tempelhof-Schöneberg borough of Berlin .
31-517: Mariendorf is situated between the localities of Tempelhof in the north and Marienfelde and Lichtenrade in the south. To the west it shares a border with the Lankwitz locality of Steglitz-Zehlendorf , to the east with Britz and Buckow , parts of the borough of Neukölln . Mariendorf was mentioned for the first time in a document of 1348, when it was held by the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of
62-676: A military order ) of the Knights Templar , whose leadership and many fellow knights had been expelled from the Kingdom of Jerusalem upon its downfall in 1291. The heart of the old settlement, consisting of the church and the original estate, was fortified and originally completely surrounded by water. The Templars were joined by fifteen families of landless farmers' sons from the Rhine , who could not inherit any estate from their parents because of over-fragmentation of those estates. Legates of
93-618: A timber-frame tower. The Tempelhof Studios were established in 1912 and functioned as film and later television studios. Pope Clement V Pope Clement V ( Latin : Clemens Quintus ; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Guoth and de Goth ), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his death, in April 1314. He
124-738: A few years. In 1308, Clement ordered the preaching of a crusade to be launched against the Mamluk Sultanate in the Holy Land in the spring of 1309. This resulted in the unwanted Crusade of the Poor appearing before Avignon in July 1309. Clement granted the poor crusaders an indulgence but refused to let them participate in the professional expedition led by the Hospitallers . That expedition set off in early 1310, but instead of sailing for
155-638: Is remembered for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the execution of many of its members. A Frenchman by birth, Clement moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon , ushering in the period known as the Avignon Papacy . Raymond Bertrand was born in Vilandraut, Aquitaine , the son of Bérard, Lord of Villandraut. Bertrand studied the arts at Toulouse and canon and civil law at Orléans and Bologna. He became canon and sacristan of
186-572: Is served by the U-Bahn stations Westphalweg and Alt-Mariendorf , the southern terminus of the U6 line. S-Bahn train service by the S2 line is available at the station Attilastraße . [REDACTED] Media related to Mariendorf at Wikimedia Commons Tempelhof Tempelhof ( German: [ˈtɛmpl̩hoːf] ) is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg . It
217-399: Is the location of the former Tempelhof Airport , one of the earliest commercial airports in the world. The former airport and surroundings are now a park called Tempelhofer Feld , making it the largest inner city open space in the world. The Tempelhof locality is located in the south-central part of the city. Before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform , the area of Tempelhof, together with
248-635: The Comtat Venaissin , around the city of Avignon . This move, actually to Carpentras , the capital of the territory, was justified at the time by French apologists on grounds of security, since Rome, where the dissensions of the Roman aristocrats and their armed militia had reached a nadir and the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano had been destroyed in a fire, was unstable and dangerous. But
279-563: The Council of Vienne , which refused to convict the Templars of heresy. The Pope abolished the order anyway, as the Templars seemed to be in bad repute and had outlived their usefulness as papal bankers and protectors of pilgrims in the East. False charges of heresy and sodomy set aside, the guilt or innocence of the Templars is one of the more difficult historical problems, partly because of
310-499: The Knights Templar were arrested in France, an action apparently motivated financially and undertaken by the efficient royal bureaucracy to increase the prestige of the crown. Philip IV was the force behind this move, but it has also embellished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the king charged the Templars with usury, credit inflation, fraud, heresy , sodomy, immorality, and abuses, and
341-630: The Mongol Empire towards the possibility of creating a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Muslims. In April 1305, the Mongol Ilkhan ruler Öljaitü sent an embassy led by Buscarello de Ghizolfi to Clement, Philip IV of France , and Edward I of England . In 1307, another Mongol embassy led by Tommaso Ugi di Siena reached European monarchs. However, no coordinated military action was forthcoming and hopes of alliance petered out within
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#1732787182554372-495: The Papal bull Clericis Laicos that might seem to apply to the king of France and essentially withdrew Unam Sanctam , the bull of Boniface VIII that asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers and threatened Philip's political plans, a radical change in papal policy. Clement spent most of the year 1306 at Bordeaux because of ill-health. Subsequently he resided at Poitiers and elsewhere. On Friday, 13 October 1307, hundreds of
403-734: The Visconti as vicars in Milan , and was crowned by Clement V's legates in Rome in 1312 before he died near Siena in 1313. In Ferrara , which was taken into the Papal States to the exclusion of the Este family, papal armies clashed with the Republic of Venice and its populace. When excommunication and interdict failed to have their intended effect, Clement V preached a crusade against
434-647: The Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux , then vicar-general to his brother Bérard de Got , the Archbishop of Lyon , who in 1294 was created Cardinal-Bishop of Albano and papal legate to France. He was then made Bishop of St-Bertrand-de-Comminges , the cathedral church of which he was responsible for greatly enlarging and embellishing, and chaplain to Pope Boniface VIII , who made him Archbishop of Bordeaux in 1297. As Archbishop of Bordeaux, Bertrand de Got
465-699: The Holy Land, the Hospitallers conquered the city of Rhodes from the Byzantines . On 4 April 1312, a Crusade was promulgated by Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne. Another embassy was sent by Oljeitu to the West and to Edward II of England in 1313. The same year, Philip IV "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant . In March 1309, the entire papal court moved from Poitiers to
496-571: The Lateran in 1312. When Henry, however, came into conflict with Robert of Naples , Clement supported Robert and threatened the emperor with excommunication and interdict. But the crisis passed with the unexpected death of Henry. Other remarkable incidents of Clement V's reign include his violent repression of the Dulcinians in Lombardy , which he considered a heresy, and his promulgation of
527-593: The Order of Saint John (the Johanniterorden ) . The Johanniter sold Mariendorf, together with Tempelhof and Marienfelde, to the city of Berlin and Coelln in 1435. In 1800, Mariendorf had 162 inhabitants. Beginning in 1872, a Villenkolonie ("mansion colony") was developed in the south end of Mariendorf, and by 1900 the village had 5,764 inhabitants. The Trabrennbahn ( harness racing track) opened in 1913, and in 1920 Mariendorf became formally amalgamated into
558-539: The Templars offered them fertile soil and the protection of Tempelhove's stronghold. After Pope Clement V officially abolished the Order of the Temple in 1312, the knights of Saint John (the Johanniter ) , backed by Margrave Waldemar of Brandenburg , took over the villages of Tempelhof, Mariendorf, and Marienfelde. In 1435, they sold their estates to the city of Berlin. In the early nineteenth century, Tempelhof
589-562: The Venetians in May 1309, declaring that Venetians captured abroad might be sold into slavery, like non-Christians. In his relations to the Empire, Clement was an opportunist. He refused to use his full influence in favour of the candidacy of Charles of Valois , brother of Philip IV, lest France became too powerful; and recognized Henry of Luxemburg , whom his representatives crowned emperor at
620-595: The artificial moat surrounding the village's center. One, the Krummer Pfuhl , located in the Franckepark , after being turned into public swimming baths in the nineteenth century, has completely dried out and is now an enclosed deer park. The original church , built from glacial boulders , was destroyed in the Second World War and was replaced with one built of ashlar or dressed stone with
651-467: The atmosphere of hysteria that had built up in the preceding generation (marked by habitually intemperate language and extravagant denunciations exchanged between temporal rulers and churchmen), partly because the subject has been embraced by conspiracy theorists and quasi-historians. Clement sent John of Montecorvino to Beijing to preach in China . Clement engaged intermittently in communications with
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#1732787182554682-399: The conclave of cardinals. Two weeks later at Vienne , Bertrand was informally notified of his election and returned to Bordeaux. At Bordeaux he was formally recognized as Pope, with John of Havering offering him gifts from Edward I of England. Bertrand initially selected Vienne as the site for his coronation , but after Philip IV's objections selected Lyon . On 14 November 1305, Bertrand
713-603: The decision proved the precursor of the long Avignon Papacy , the "Babylonian captivity" (1309–77), in Petrarch 's phrase. Clement V's pontificate was also a disastrous time for Italy. The Papal States were entrusted to a team of three cardinals, but Rome, the battleground of the Colonna and Orsini factions, was ungovernable. In 1310, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII entered Italy, established
744-491: The document that called for witnesses, Clement V expressed both his personal conviction of the innocence of Boniface VIII and his resolution to satisfy the king. Finally, in February 1311, Philip IV wrote to Clement V abandoning the process to the future Council of Vienne. For his part, Clement V absolved all the participants in the abduction of Boniface at Anagni . In pursuance of the king's wishes, Clement V in 1311 summoned
775-470: The greater city of Berlin. The Volkspark Mariendorf was developed in 1924. At the end of Second World War , Mariendorf became a part of the American zone of occupation. In 1946, Mariendorf's Eisenacher Straße was the site of a displaced persons ´ camp which housed roughly 3,250 persons until 1948. In 1966, an U-Bahn underground station was constructed to serve the district on line U6 . Mariendorf
806-612: The localities of Mariendorf , Marienfelde , and Lichtenrade , constituted a borough of its own, also called Tempelhof . These localities grew from historic villages on the Teltow plateau founded in the early 13th century in the course of the German Ostsiedlung . Tempelhove was first mentioned in a 1247 deed issued at the Walkenried Abbey as a Komturhof ( commander 's court , the smallest holding entity of
837-597: The scruples of the Pope were heightened by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church but would proceed independently. Meanwhile, Philip IV's lawyers pressed to reopen Guillaume de Nogaret 's charges of heresy against the late Boniface VIII that had circulated in the pamphlet war around the bull Unam sanctam . Clement V had to yield to pressures for this extraordinary trial, begun on 2 February 1309 at Avignon, which dragged on for two years. In
868-636: Was a subject of the King of England, but from early youth he had been a personal friend of Philip the Fair . Following the death of Pope Benedict XI in July 1304, there was an interregnum occasioned by disputes between the French and Italian cardinals . They were equally balanced in the papal conclave , which was held at Perugia . Bertrand was elected Pope Clement V in June 1305 and crowned on 14 November. Bertrand
899-527: Was installed as pope which was celebrated with magnificence and attended by Philip IV. Among his first acts was the creation of nine French cardinals. At Clement's coronation, John II, Duke of Brittany was leading the Pope's horse through the crowd during the celebrations. So many spectators had piled atop the walls that one of the walls crumbled and collapsed on top of the Duke, who died four days later. Early in 1306, Clement V explained away those features of
930-473: Was neither Italian nor a cardinal, and his election might have been considered a gesture towards neutrality. The contemporary chronicler Giovanni Villani reports gossip that he had bound himself to King Philip IV of France by a formal agreement before his elevation, made at Saint-Jean-d'Angély in Saintonge. Whether this was true or not, it is likely that the future pope had conditions laid down for him by
961-511: Was still a village outside Berlin proper and was the site of country excursions for the citizens of Berlin. The northern parts of Tempelhof were incorporated as Berlin's Tempelhofer Vorstadt in 1861 and in 1920 became part of the Kreuzberg borough. Today, the former commandery ( German : Komturei ) is a chain of parks, called Bosepark , Kleiner Park , Alter Park , and Franckepark . Some of them still have ponds that were part of