Misplaced Pages

#625374

29-603: The Berliner Tageblatt was first published by Rudolf Mosse as an advertising paper on 1 January 1872, but developed into a liberal newspaper. On 5 January 1919 the office of the newspaper was briefly occupied by Freikorps soldiers in the German Revolution . By 1920, the BT had achieved a daily circulation of about 245,000. Prior to the National Socialist administration taking office on 30 January 1933,

58-683: A freelance writer in Vienna, concentrating his efforts on biographies and non-fiction. At the 11th international congress of the literary organization P.E.N. , held in Dubrovnik , Jacob joined fellow writers Raoul Auernheimer and Paul Frischaue in vocal opposition to Nazism, and contributed to the fracturing of the Austrian chapter of P.E.N. His books were banned under the Nazi regime, but remained in print via Swiss and Dutch exile publishers. Following

87-692: A fund ( Unterstützungskasse ) for his employees (numbering more than 500) with a capital of 100,000 marks, and in 1895 another fund of 1,000,000 marks for the same purpose. He built a hospital in his native town, Grätz, founded an educational institution for 100 children in Wilmersdorf , a borough of Berlin, with an endowment of about 3,000,000 marks, aided in the foundation of the Emperor and Empress Frederick Hospital in Berlin, and contributed liberally toward various literary and artistic endeavors. He represented

116-533: A journalist and feature writer, also publishing a number of novels, short story collections, and plays. In September and October 1926 he served as a delegate to the International Film Congress in Paris, an event at which a number of anti-Semitic propaganda films were promoted. Jacob reproduced the experience later in his novel Blut und Zelluloid . During the period he earned a reputation as

145-419: A number of scholars of literary history. Writing in 2005, Isolde Mozer identified a mystical thread in his work despite its modernity. She characterized Jacob's thematic use of Kabbalist elements as an effort to find a solution to the crisis of modernity. Jens-Erik Hohmann argued in a 2006 monograph on Jacob that the author's career represents a component of the history of Germany as a whole - as an account of

174-581: A talented and prolific author, publishing in fields as diverse as news journalism, biography (especially of German composers), dramatic works, fiction, and cultural history. Following the rise to power of the Nazi Party and the promulgation of laws restricting the freedoms of Jews, Jacob lost his job as a journalist at the Berliner Tageblatt in March 1933. He sought now to make a living as

203-664: The Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums (from 1890–1922), and the C.V.-Zeitung. Organ des Central-Vereins deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens (since 1922). Among other publications of his were the Bäder Almanach (since 1882) and the Deutsches Reichsadressbuch (established in 1897). His printing establishment, founded in 1872, was one of the largest of its kind. Mosse was also known for his philanthropic work. In 1892 he established

232-597: The Ostdeutsche Zeitung , and mastered the technique of printing in Leipzig , Berlin , and other cities. Advertising was not at all developed in Germany at that time, and it was in this direction that Mosse at the age of twenty-four saw his opportunity. He organized an advertising agency at Berlin, which finally extended itself to most of the larger cities of Germany , Austria , and Switzerland . His success

261-815: The Ascanian high school in Berlin, under the tutelage of the noted philosopher Otto Friedrich Gruppe . He enrolled at the Frederick William University (today the Humboldt University of Berlin ) to study literature, history, music, and Germanistics . At college he became friends with the Expressionist Georg Heym , and gained his first journalistic job - as a theatre critic for the Deutschen Montagszeitung . For twenty years Jacob worked as

290-506: The BT from Vienna in 1924. As the successor of Leopold Schmidt, Alfred Einstein was the musical critic from September 1927 until August 1933. Starting in 1925, Walter Zadek was a literary editor. Arrested in 1933 and tortured by the Nazis, Zadek then fled to Jerusalem, where he became a well-known photographer. The head of the important Central European Office from 1927 to 1933 was Heinrich Eduard Jacob , based in Vienna. During his time at

319-582: The BT , Jacob had approximately 1,000 contributions. Because he was an opponent of the Austrian Nazis , Jacob was imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp after the Anschluss in 1938. The BT published separate weekly magazines, distributed as part of the newspaper. A number of these, such as "Technische Rundschau," a weekly review of trends in technology, and the "Haus, Hof und Garten" sections (Home and Garden), were edited by Rudolf Jonas. Jonas

SECTION 10

#1732764883626

348-813: The National Socialist takeover . The art collection from the estate of Rudolf Mosse was auctioned in May 1934 in Rudolph Lepke's Kunst-Auctions-Haus and in June 1934 in the auction house Union. Since 1 March 2017, the Mosse Art Research Initiative (MARI) at Freie Universität Berlin has been researching the exact circumstances of the expropriation and the whereabouts of the individual works of art. Heinrich Eduard Jacob Heinrich Eduard Jacob (7 October 1889 – 25 October 1967)

377-586: The Second World War . Ill health, aggravated by his experiences in the camps, dogged him in later life, but he continued to publish through to the end of the 1950s. He wrote also under the pen names Henry E. Jacob and Eric Jens Petersen . Jacob, originally named Henry Edward Jacob , was born in Friedrichstadt , a district of Berlin , the son of bank director and newspaper publisher Richard Jacob (1847–1899) and his wife Martha (née Behrendt),

406-421: The annexation of Austria , Jacob was arrested on 22 March 1938. All of his belongings - including his library and private correspondence - were confiscated, and Jacob was included in the first so-called "celebrity transport" of prisoners to the concentration camp at Dachau . He remained there until 23 September 1938, when he was transferred to Buchenwald . Jacob's future wife, Dora Angel-Soyka, succeeded through

435-649: The Jewish community of Berlin for ten years, and represented the Reform congregation there from 1904. One of his six brothers, Emil Mosse, became his business partner in 1884, while another Albert Mosse , achieved prominence as a jurist. Mosse is buried in the Weissensee Cemetery , Berlin. After his death, his son-in-law, Hans Lachmann-Mosse , took over the management of the Mosse Group. Already during

464-710: The United States Jacob resumed his writing career, contributing both to German-language periodicals including the Jewish weekly Aufbau and to the New York Times . He wrote a book on the history of bread: Six Thousand Years of Bread in German. It was translated in English by Richard and Clara Winston and published in 1944 by Doubleday. He published further works of non-fiction, now in English, and gained American citizenship on 28 February 1945. Following

493-472: The daughter of a landed family. The couple divorced in 1895 and Martha was remarried, to the Viennese banker Edmund Lampl, in the same year. Jacob was raised alongside his older brother Robert (1883–1924) and younger half-sister Alice Lampl (1898 - 1938) in an intellectual German-Jewish household. Jacob attended Gymnasium schools in Berlin and Vienna, obtaining his Abitur school-leaver's qualification from

522-640: The elite of German journalism to the Berliner Tageblatt . Ernst Feder and Rudolf Olden ran the domestic politics section, while Josef Schwab, Max Jordan , and Maximilian Müller-Jabusch handled foreign politics. Arthur Norden and Felix Pinner were responsible for the business section. Fred Hildenbrandt headed the feuilleton section from 1922 to 1932. Regular contributors to the feuilleton included Alfred Polgar , Fritz Mauthner , Kurt Tucholsky , Erich Kästner , Robert Walser , Etta Federn , Otto Flake , Felix Hirsch and Frank Thiess . The chief of

551-409: The end of the war he returned to Europe in summer 1953, but did not settle permanently, moving frequently between hotels and boarding-houses with his wife. His health, severely damaged by his internment, declined, and from 1959 he produced no further literary works. Jacob died in 1967 and is buried, with his wife, in a Jewish cemetery in Berlin. Jacob's work is the subject of analyses and criticism by

580-470: The exercise of extraordinary effort in having Jacob released from Buchenwald. The sister of the Austrian poet Ernest Angel, and former wife of the writer Otto Soyka , she enlisted the help of Jacob's American uncle Michael J. Barnes in securing his release on 10 January 1939. Jacob and Angel-Soyka were married on 18 February 1939 and immediately left Germany, via the United Kingdom, for New York. In

609-603: The first foreign journalist to be refused a re-entry permit into the Soviet Union in 1929 for his critical reporting on the five-year plan and prophecy of famine in Ukraine . For almost two years, Scheffer surrounded himself by independently minded university graduates such as Margaret Boveri. She wrote in 1960 that Scheffer "was hated from the beginning by leading people of the Propaganda Ministry, and it

SECTION 20

#1732764883626

638-477: The hyperinflation of 1922/23, parts of the company assets were lost. In 1926 the publishing house got into serious financial difficulties. The previously assumed bankruptcy filing on 13 September 1932 could be revised by the latest research. In addition to the effects of the global Great Depression , a series of economic mistakes made by the management weakened the Mosse empire. The company was Aryanised shortly after

667-521: The newspaper (the Gleichschaltung ). However, in September 1933, special permission was granted by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels to release the paper from any obligation to reprint Nazi propaganda in order to help portray an image of a free German press internationally. Due to this assurance, their respected foreign correspondent Paul Scheffer became editor on 1 April 1934. He had been

696-629: The newspaper was particularly critical and hostile to their program. On 3 March 1933, after the Reichstag fire , Rudolf Mosse's son-in-law, Hans Lachmann-Mosse , the publisher, dismissed editor in chief Theodor Wolff because of his criticism of the Nazi government and his Jewish ancestry. Wolff by then fled to the Tyrol in Austria by plane. After 1933, the National Socialist government took control of

725-471: The theatre section was Alfred Kerr . From 1918 until April 1920, Kurt Tucholsky contributed 50 articles to the Berliner Tageblatt while he was also editor in chief of the satirical magazine Ulk , which appeared weekly between 1913 and 1933. His novel Schloss Gripsholm (set near Gripsholm Castle ) appeared in the BT from 20 March to 26 April 1931. Alfred Eisenstaedt was one of the newspaper's photographers. Erich Everth began corresponding from

754-677: Was a German and American journalist and author. Born to a Jewish family in Berlin and raised partly in Vienna , Jacob worked for two decades as a journalist and biographer before the rise to power of the Nazi Party . Interned in the late 1930s in the concentration camps at Dachau and then Buchenwald , he was released through the efforts of his future wife Dora, and emigrated to the United States. There he continued to publish books and contribute to newspapers before returning to Europe after

783-485: Was an editor from 1929 to 1932 and later became an editor of the magazine Das Theater . Rudolf Mosse Rudolf Mosse (8 May 1843 – 8 September 1920) was a German publisher and philanthropist . Mosse was born in Grätz , Grand Duchy of Posen , as the son of Dr. Markus Mosse , a noted Jewish physician. He began his career as an apprentice in the book-printing establishment of Merzbach at Posen , publisher of

812-441: Was only because of his excellent foreign connections that he was not relieved of his position in the early years of the regime". Scheffer's position eventually became untenable, and he resigned on 31 December 1936. The paper was finally shut down by the Nazi authorities on 31 January 1939. During the 27 years (1906–1933) when Theodor Wolff was editor in chief, the BT became the most influential newspaper in Berlin. Wolff brought

841-626: Was phenomenal. It was through his initiative that advertising supplements were added to Kladderadatsch , Fliegende Blätter , Die Gartenlaube , Über Land und Meer , and other journals. Mosse is associated with the publication of the Berliner Tageblatt (since 1870), the Deutsches Montagsblatt (1877–1888), the Deutsches Reichsblatt (1881–1894), the Berliner Morgenzeitung (since 1889),

#625374