121-442: The third season of the animated television series BoJack Horseman premiered on Netflix on July 22, 2016. As with the first two seasons, season 3 consists of 12 episodes. Jill asks BoJack to retrieve a love letter from Cuddlywhiskers' house, but he and Diane find an orca stripper dead in his pool. The use of BoJack's name in her last text lead him and Diane to believe he is being framed for murder, but they learn that "BoJack"
242-406: A blinker hood , mostly to help him focus, but also because he had a tendency to run in toward the rail during races. In January 1972, he joined trainer Lucien Laurin 's winter stable at Hialeah . Secretariat gained a reputation as a kind horse, likeable and unruffled in crowds or by the bumping that occurs between young horses. He had the physique of a runner but at first was awkward and clumsy. He
363-600: A maiden race, but then won seven of his remaining eight starts, including five stakes victories. His only loss during this period was in the Champagne Stakes , where he finished first but was disqualified to second for interference. He received the Eclipse Award for champion two-year-old colt , and also was the 1972 Horse of the Year , a rare honor for a horse so young. At age three, Secretariat not only won
484-411: A stop motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts , puppets , or clay figures . A cartoon in the animation sense is an animated film, usually short, featuring an exaggerated visual style. The style takes inspiration from comic strips , often featuring anthropomorphic animals , superheroes , or the adventures of human protagonists. Especially with animals that form
605-470: A "dazzling" move, passing eight horses within 1 ⁄ 4 mile to take the lead then drawing off to win by five lengths. His time of 1:16 1 ⁄ 5 for 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 furlongs was only 3 ⁄ 5 of a second off the track record. Returning to Belmont Park on September 16, he won the Belmont Futurity by a length and a half after starting his move on the turn. He then ran in
726-490: A consistent way to whatever style is employed on a particular film. Since the early 1980s, teams of about 500 to 600 people, of whom 50 to 70 are animators, typically have created feature-length animated films. It is relatively easy for two or three artists to match their styles; synchronizing those of dozens of artists is more difficult. This problem is usually solved by having a separate group of visual development artists develop an overall look and palette for each film before
847-643: A daughter of Princequillo . Bold Ruler was the leading sire in North America from 1963 to 1969 and again in 1973. Owned by the Phipps family , Bold Ruler possessed both speed and stamina, having won the Preakness Stakes and Horse of the Year honors in 1957, and American Champion Sprint Horse honors in 1958. Bold Ruler was retired to stud at Claiborne Farm , but the Phipps family owned most of
968-422: A dedicated Disneyana Fan Club (since 1984). Disneyland opened in 1955 and features many attractions that were based on Disney's cartoon characters. Its enormous success spawned several other Disney theme parks and resorts . Disney's earnings from the theme parks have relatively often been higher than those from their movies. As with any other form of media, animation has instituted awards for excellence in
1089-519: A film festival in the Pacific Ocean , where he is forced to wear a helmet that prevents him from speaking and cannot understand the native tongue. He spots Kelsey there for her new film and writes a halfhearted apology note for getting her fired; however, he is swept onto a bus by a school of minnows and taken out of the city before he can deliver it. On the bus, BoJack watches a seahorse give birth and leave one of his babies behind. BoJack forms
1210-628: A handful of series, depictions of depression in Hollywood have historically felt one-dimensional, as if writers Googled 'depression' and decided it meant 'sad.' In BoJack, we finally have a fully formed character that deals with depression in all its forms, too. We see BoJack suffocating as he grapples with the idea that he will never reach his own definition of greatness, that it is too late to turn his life around, that his best days are behind him and his worst ones ahead. It's not pretty, but it can be soothing to see someone who relates, even if that someone
1331-416: A heartfelt note about connection and gives it to her, but is horrified to see the ink has dissolved as she leaves. A human annoyedly tells BoJack to get out of the way by pressing a button on his helmet, and BoJack realizes he could have talked the entire time. Secretariat premieres publicly and is met with overwhelmingly positive reviews. BoJack and Todd celebrate at a hotel, where they bump into Emily, who
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#17327913691601452-589: A horse who believed, and to greatness he sped. In fields of green pastures, where legends reside, Secretariat runs on, forever our pride. For his first start on July 4, 1972, at Aqueduct Racetrack , Secretariat was made the lukewarm favorite at 3–1. At the start, a horse named Quebec cut in front of the field, causing a chain reaction that resulted in Secretariat being bumped hard. According to jockey Paul Feliciano, he would have fallen if he hadn't been so strong. Secretariat recovered, only to run into traffic on
1573-411: A kinship with the infant and tries to return it to its father, a series of hijinks leading them through the deep sea and a taffy factory. He eventually gets it home and turns down the father's offer of money, but is saddened when he realizes he cannot tell which of the children is the one he rescued. He returns to the city to find that Secretariat is a big success. After seeing Kelsey leaving, he writes
1694-529: A man among you But waits for his return. — from "Big Red" , by J.A. Estes On March 30, 1970, at 12:10 a.m. at the Meadow Stud in Caroline County, Virginia , Somethingroyal foaled a bright-red chestnut colt with three white socks and a star with a narrow stripe . The foal stood when he was 45 minutes old and nursed 30 minutes later. Howard Gentry, the manager of Meadow Stud, was at
1815-410: A much-watch, and the best part is, you don't have to have watched a single other episode of the series to love it." Les Chappell of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A", stating: "This episode is nothing short of a masterpiece, a culmination of both BoJack Horseman's unique animation style and its views on isolation and connection. Taken as part of the whole it could very well be the best episode that
1936-426: A natural predator/prey relationship (e.g. cats and mice, coyotes and birds), the action often centers on violent pratfalls such as falls, collisions, and explosions that would be lethal in real life. A cartoon can also be a still humorous drawing, often with the same elements as animated cartoons but with still versions. The illusion of animation—as in motion pictures in general—has traditionally been attributed to
2057-451: A new life on the small screen and by the end of the 1950s, the production of new animated cartoons started to shift from theatrical releases to TV series. Hanna-Barbera Productions was especially prolific and had huge hit series, such as The Flintstones (1960–1966) (the first prime time animated series), Scooby-Doo (since 1969) and Belgian co-production The Smurfs (1981–1989). The constraints of American television programming and
2178-433: A power of strength that I have never felt before ..." Groom Eddie Sweat was another important member of the Secretariat team, providing most of the daily hands-on care. Sweat once told a reporter, "I guess a groom gets closer to a horse than anyone. The owner, the trainer, they maybe see him once a day. But I lived with him, worked with him." Laurin sent Chenery regular updates on Secretariat's progress, saying that
2299-520: A separate background, computer animation is usually based on programming paths between key frames to maneuver digitally created figures throughout a digitally created environment. Analog mechanical animation media that rely on the rapid display of sequential images include the phenakistiscope , zoetrope , flip book , praxinoscope , and film. Television and video are popular electronic animation media that originally were analog and now operate digitally . For display on computers, technology such as
2420-488: A series of blackouts, he tries to make amends with all of the people in his life, including Ana, who tells him a story where the moral is that some people cannot be saved. He and Sarah Lynn drive to Oberlin to see if Penny is alright, but his appearance only distresses her after she seemed fine prior. BoJack and Sarah Lynn do BoJack heroin and watch her win an Oscar in a dingy motel room; Sarah Lynn admits that it does not make her happy and she hates her famous life. They go to
2541-451: A solid 47 3 ⁄ 5 seconds. On June 24, he ran a "bullet", the fastest workout of the day, at 6 furlongs in 1:12 4 ⁄ 5 on a sloppy track. Laurin called Chenery at her Colorado home and advised her that Secretariat was ready to race. Ode to Secretariat In the whispering winds of a racetrack’s embrace, A legend was born, full of power and grace. With a heart like a thunderstorm, fierce and alive, Secretariat roared, in
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#17327913691602662-450: A true powerhouse of animation production, with its own recognizable and influential anime style of effective limited animation . Animation became very popular on television since the 1950s, when television sets started to become common in most developed countries. Cartoons were mainly programmed for children, on convenient time slots, and especially US youth spent many hours watching Saturday-morning cartoons . Many classic cartoons found
2783-531: A very long history in automata . Electronic automata were popularized by Disney as animatronics . The word animation stems from the Latin animātiōn , stem of animātiō , meaning 'bestowing of life'. The earlier meaning of the English word is 'liveliness' and has been in use much longer than the meaning of 'moving image medium'. Long before modern animation began, audiences around the world were captivated by
2904-409: A wide variety of styles, relatively often including stop motion and cutout animation techniques. Soviet Soyuzmultfilm animation studio, founded in 1936, produced 20 films (including shorts) per year on average and reached 1,582 titles in 2018. China, Czechoslovakia / Czech Republic, Italy, France, and Belgium were other countries that more than occasionally released feature films, while Japan became
3025-425: Is a drunk horse with a temper." Strachan further explains: "For a brief moment, it feels as if BoJack has finally had a revelation that could last―that he will stop his self-destructive ways, learn to prioritize the people he cares about and beat his depression forever. But soon enough, BoJack is back in the pit of despair, hating himself and hurting the people around him. It's a sad, familiar cycle. It's also what makes
3146-741: Is a technique combining hand-drawn characters into live action shots or live-action actors into animated shots. One of the earlier uses was in Koko the Clown when Koko was drawn over live-action footage. Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks created a series of Alice Comedies (1923–1927), in which a live-action girl enters an animated world. Other examples include Allegro Non Troppo (Italy, 1976), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (US, 1988), Volere volare (Italy 1991), Space Jam (US, 1996) and Osmosis Jones (US, 2001). Secretariat (horse) Secretariat (March 30, 1970 – October 4, 1989), also known as Big Red ,
3267-630: Is actually the name of a brand of heroin being distributed by a former Horsin' Around star, which the stripper overdosed on. Todd and Mr. Peanutbutter get sprayed by a skunk and end up setting fire to Mr. Peanutbutter's yard while trying to fix it. BoJack and Diane find Cuddlywhiskers in a hut up in Ojai , where he explains that he gave up his material desires after he felt nothing when he won an Oscar and dedicated himself to helping addicts. He advises them to give up everything if they want to be happy, advice which makes them both uncomfortable. BoJack attends
3388-474: Is getting one from a pop star's account while talking to BoJack. Princess Carolyn and the pop star embrace it when it gains her popularity and plan to fake an abortion on live television, which Diane is disgusted with until she realizes the star's music is inspiring young women getting their own abortions. The pop star actually gets pregnant and plans to keep it, and Diane and Princess Carolyn start plotting about how to handle it. BoJack fires Ana when he realizes she
3509-471: Is in human terms? Just imagine the greatest athlete in the world. The greatest. Now make him six-foot-three, the perfect height. Make him real intelligent and kind. And on top of that, make him the best-lookin' guy ever to come down the pike. He was all those things as a horse." Secretariat raced in Meadow Stables' blue-and-white-checkered colors. He never raced in track bandages , but typically wore
3630-531: Is it.' I never saw perfection before. I absolutely could not fault him in any way. And neither could the rest of them and that was the amazing thing about it. The body and the head and the eye and the general attitude. It was just incredible. I couldn't believe my eyes, frankly." In August, Secretariat entered the Sanford Stakes , facing off with highly regarded Linda's Chief, the only horse ever to be favored against Secretariat in any of his races. Entering
3751-632: Is often considered the greatest race ever run by a thoroughbred racehorse. During his racing career, he won five Eclipse Awards , including Horse of the Year honors at ages two and three. He was nominated to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1974. In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century , Secretariat was second to Man o' War . At age two, Secretariat finished fourth in his 1972 debut in
BoJack Horseman season 3 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3872-413: Is pointless for a studio to pay the salaries of dozens of animators to spend weeks creating a visually dazzling five-minute scene if that scene fails to effectively advance the plot of the film. Thus, animation studios starting with Disney began the practice in the 1930s of maintaining story departments where storyboard artists develop every single scene through storyboards , then handing the film over to
3993-449: Is that once a film is in the production phase, the marginal cost of one more shot is higher for animated films than live-action films. It is relatively easy for a director to ask for one more take during principal photography of a live-action film, but every take on an animated film must be manually rendered by animators (although the task of rendering slightly different takes has been made less tedious by modern computer animation). It
4114-404: Is the best known and most extreme example. Since first being licensed for a children's writing tablet in 1929, their Mickey Mouse mascot has been depicted on an enormous amount of products , as have many other Disney characters. This may have influenced some pejorative use of Mickey's name , but licensed Disney products sell well, and the so-called Disneyana has many avid collectors, and even
4235-529: Is the process of producing high-quality traditionally animated films that regularly use detailed drawings and plausible movement, having a smooth animation. Fully animated films can be made in a variety of styles, from more realistically animated works like those produced by the Walt Disney studio ( The Little Mermaid , Beauty and the Beast , Aladdin , The Lion King ) to the more 'cartoon' styles of
4356-432: Is the process that was used for most animated films of the 20th century. The individual frames of a traditionally animated film are photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels , which are filled in with paints in assigned colors or tones on
4477-459: Is there for her best friend's rehearsal dinner. Sensing Emily's attraction to Todd, BoJack sets them up with a room so they can have sex, but Todd is again uncomfortable and leaves Emily alone. BoJack accidentally causes one of the brides to have doubts about her marriage, and he reinvigorates her by talking about his own feelings on love, which depresses him and leads him to have sex with a dejected Emily. Princess Carolyn goes on three dates; she finds
4598-424: Is unable to get the producers to go through with it. Curious about her private life, BoJack follows her and finds that she is as lonely as he is, which disturbs him. The representative advises him to be direct with Ana, and he finishes the call without cancelling the newspaper. He goes to her and firmly asks for the advertisement to be run, which results in a mirror billboard being put up on a highway that only reflects
4719-420: Is working with all the other actors in talks for Oscar nominations. This arouses Ana and causes her to drop all her other clients and begin a sexual relationship with BoJack. BoJack calls a newspaper that keeps delivering to his door despite trying to get it cancelled, and recounts recent events to the representative as she tries to convince him to keep it. Margo Martindale is revealed to have been hiding out in
4840-468: The Champagne Stakes at Belmont on October 14 as the 7–10 favorite. As had become his custom, he started slowly and then made a big move around the turn, blowing past his rivals to win by two lengths. However, following an inquiry by the racecourse stewards, Secretariat was disqualified and placed second for bearing in and interfering with Stop the Music , who was declared the winner. Secretariat then took
4961-488: The Escape From L.A. and stealing food from his kitchen, and eventually takes the boat to flee from the law. Emily and Todd start a female cab service with all women drivers, but BoJack and Emily are visibly uncomfortable around each other, and she eventually leaves without explaining the problem to Todd. While looking at Secretariat ads, BoJack is captivated by a reflective one that reads "YOU ARE SECRETARIAT ", but Ana
BoJack Horseman season 3 - Misplaced Pages Continue
5082-674: The Gotham Stakes tied the track record for 1 mile, he set a world record in the Marlboro Cup at 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 miles and further proved his versatility by winning two major stakes races on turf . He lost three times that year: in the Wood Memorial , Whitney , and Woodward Stakes , but the brilliance of his nine wins made him an American icon. He won his second Horse of the Year title, plus Eclipse Awards for champion three-year-old colt and champion turf horse . At
5203-763: The Internet ( web cartoons ). Rotoscoping is a technique patented by Max Fleischer in 1917 where animators trace live-action movement, frame by frame. The source film can be directly copied from actors' outlines into animated drawings, as in The Lord of the Rings (US, 1978), or used in a stylized and expressive manner, as in Waking Life (US, 2001) and A Scanner Darkly (US, 2006). Some other examples are Fire and Ice (US, 1983), Heavy Metal (1981), and Aku no Hana (Japan, 2013). Live-action/animation
5324-539: The Laurel Futurity on October 28, winning by eight lengths over Stop the Music. His time on a sloppy track was just 1 ⁄ 5 of a second off the track record. He completed his season in the Garden State Futurity on November 18, dropping back early and making a powerful move around the turn to win by 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 lengths at 1–10 odds. Laurin said, "In all his races, he has taken
5445-525: The Warner Bros. animation studio . Many of the Disney animated features are examples of full animation, as are non-Disney works, The Secret of NIMH (US, 1982), The Iron Giant (US, 1999), and Nocturna (Spain, 2007). Fully animated films are often animated on "twos", sometimes on "ones", which means that 12 to 24 drawings are required for a single second of film. Limited animation involves
5566-556: The animated GIF and Flash animation were developed. In addition to short films , feature films , television series , animated GIFs, and other media dedicated to the display of moving images, animation is also prevalent in video games , motion graphics , user interfaces , and visual effects . The physical movement of image parts through simple mechanics—for instance, moving images in magic lantern shows—can also be considered animation. The mechanical manipulation of three-dimensional puppets and objects to emulate living beings has
5687-408: The entertainment industry . Many animations are either tradtional animations or computer animations made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Stop motion animation , in particular claymation , has continued to exist alongside these other forms. Animation is contrasted with live-action film , although the two do not exist in isolation. Many moviemakers have produced films that are a hybrid of
5808-462: The flip book (1868), the praxinoscope (1877) and film . When cinematography eventually broke through in the 1890s, the wonder of the realistic details in the new medium was seen as its biggest accomplishment. It took years before animation found its way to the cinemas. The successful short The Haunted Hotel (1907) by J. Stuart Blackton popularized stop motion and reportedly inspired Émile Cohl to create Fantasmagorie (1908), regarded as
5929-445: The mares to which Bold Ruler was bred, and few of his offspring were sold at public auction. To bring new blood into their breeding program, the Phipps family sometimes negotiated a foal-sharing agreement with other mare owners: Instead of charging a stud fee for Bold Ruler, they would arrange for multiple matings with Bold Ruler, either with two mares in one year or one mare over a two-year period. Assuming two foals were produced,
6050-439: The persistence of vision and later to the phi phenomenon and beta movement , but the exact neurological causes are still uncertain. The illusion of motion caused by a rapid succession of images that minimally differ from each other, with unnoticeable interruptions, is a stroboscopic effect . While animators traditionally used to draw each part of the movements and changes of figures on transparent cels that could be moved over
6171-538: The 1960s, and European producers looking for affordable cel animators relatively often started co-productions with Japanese studios, resulting in hit series such as Barbapapa (The Netherlands/Japan/France 1973–1977), Wickie und die starken Männer/小さなバイキング ビッケ (Vicky the Viking) (Austria/Germany/Japan 1974), Maya the Honey Bee (Japan/Germany 1975) and The Jungle Book (Italy/Japan 1989). Computer animation
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#17327913691606292-522: The Beast was the first animated film nominated for Best Picture , in 1991. Up (2009) and Toy Story 3 (2010) also received Best Picture nominations, after the academy expanded the number of nominees from five to ten. The creation of non-trivial animation works (i.e., longer than a few seconds) has developed as a form of filmmaking , with certain unique aspects. Traits common to both live-action and animated feature films are labor intensity and high production costs. The most important difference
6413-712: The Friendly Ghost (1945), Warner Bros. Cartoon Studios ' Looney Tunes ' Porky Pig (1935), Daffy Duck (1937), Elmer Fudd (1937–1940), Bugs Bunny (1938–1940), Tweety (1942), Sylvester the Cat (1945), Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner (1949), MGM cartoon studio 's Tom and Jerry (1940) and Droopy , Universal Cartoon Studios ' Woody Woodpecker (1940), Terrytoons / 20th Century Fox 's Mighty Mouse (1942), and United Artists ' Pink Panther (1963). In 1917, Italian-Argentine director Quirino Cristiani made
6534-608: The Gotham Stakes in April 1973 was 1,155 pounds (524 kg). After completing the gruelling Triple Crown, his weight on June 15 had dropped only 24 pounds, to 1,131 pounds (513 kg). Secretariat was known for his appetite — during his three-year-old campaign, he ate 15 quarts of oats a day — and to keep his muscles in good condition, he needed fast workouts that could have won many a stakes race. Seth Hancock of Claiborne Farm once said, "You want to know who Secretariat
6655-429: The Phipps family would keep one and the mare's owner would keep the other, with a coin toss determining who received first pick. Under such an arrangement, Chenery sent two mares to be bred to Bold Ruler in 1968, Hasty Matelda and Somethingroyal. She then sent Cicada and Somethingroyal in 1969. The foal-sharing agreement stated that the winner of the coin toss would get first pick of the foals produced in 1969, while
6776-594: The Tramp (1955) failed at the box office. For decades afterward, Disney would be the only American studio to regularly produce animated features, until Ralph Bakshi became the first to also release more than a handful features. Sullivan-Bluth Studios began to regularly produce animated features starting with An American Tail in 1986. Although relatively few titles became as successful as Disney's features, other countries developed their own animation industries that produced both short and feature theatrical animations in
6897-743: The Triple Crown, but he also set speed records in all three races. His time in the Kentucky Derby still stands as the Churchill Downs track record for 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles, and his time in the Belmont Stakes stands as the American record for 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles on the dirt. In 2012, his actual time of 1:53 in the Preakness Stakes was recognized as a stakes record after an official review. Secretariat's win in
7018-524: The US. Successful producer John Randolph Bray and animator Earl Hurd , patented the cel animation process that dominated the animation industry for the rest of the century. Felix the Cat , who debuted in 1919, became the first fully realized anthropomorphic animal character in the history of American animation. In 1928, Steamboat Willie , featuring Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse , popularized film-with-synchronized-sound and put Walt Disney 's studio at
7139-400: The actor who played his son on Horsin' Around , Bradley Hitler-Smith, who wants to do a sequel series about his character. BoJack is too nervous to directly turn him down, so Ana does it for him. Rutabaga Rabitowitz and Vanessa Gekko, having started their own agency together, compete with Princess Carolyn to land their horse actors in a new David Pincher movie. Princess Carolyn initially gains
7260-469: The animation begins. Character designers on the visual development team draw model sheets to show how each character should look like with different facial expressions, posed in different positions, and viewed from different angles. On traditionally animated projects, maquettes were often sculpted to further help the animators see how characters would look from different angles. Unlike live-action films, animated films were traditionally developed beyond
7381-521: The animators only after the production team is satisfied that all the scenes make sense as a whole. While live-action films are now also storyboarded, they enjoy more latitude to depart from storyboards (i.e., real-time improvisation). Another problem unique to animation is the requirement to maintain a film's consistency from start to finish, even as films have grown longer and teams have grown larger. Animators, like all artists, necessarily have individual styles, but must subordinate their individuality in
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#17327913691607502-430: The as-yet-unborn 1970 foal of Somethingroyal, which turned out to be Secretariat. 'A foal is born at midnight And in the frosty morn The horseman eyes him fondly, And a secret hope is born. But breathe it not, nor whisper For fear of a neighbor's scorn. He's a chestnut colt, and he's got a star. He may be another Man o' War. Nay, say it aloud—be shameless. Dream and hope and yearn, For there's never
7623-429: The backstretch. In tenth position at the top of the stretch, he closed ground rapidly and finished fourth, beaten by only 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 lengths . In many of his subsequent races, Secretariat hung back at the start, which Laurin later attributed to the bumping he received in his debut. With Feliciano again up, Secretariat returned to the track on July 15 as the 6–5 favorite. He broke poorly, but then rushed past
7744-589: The beginning of his three-year-old year, Secretariat was syndicated for a record-breaking $ 6.08 million (equivalent to $ 41.7 million in 2023), on the condition that he be retired from racing by the end of the year. Although he sired several successful racehorses, he ultimately was most influential through his daughters' offspring, becoming the leading broodmare sire in North America in 1992. His daughters produced several notable sires , including Storm Cat , A.P. Indy , Gone West , Dehere , Summer Squall , and Chief's Crown , and through them Secretariat appears in
7865-420: The bit. Before and after the race, there was some ill feeling between Laurin and the trainer of Sham, Pancho Martin , fanned by comments in the press. The dispute concerned the use of coupled entries as Martin had entered two horses in addition to Sham, all with the same owner. There was fear that an entry could be used tactically to gang up on another horse. Stung by such insinuations, Martin wound up scratching
7986-496: The coin toss, which was held in the fall of 1969 in the office of New York Racing Association Chairman Alfred G. Vanderbilt II , with Arthur "Bull" Hancock of Claiborne Farm as witness. Ogden Phipps won the toss and took the 1969 weanling filly out of Somethingroyal. The filly was named The Bride and never won a race, though she did later become a stakes producer. Chenery received the Hasty Matelda colt in 1969 and
8107-408: The colt was still learning to run, or that he still needed to lose his baby fat. Chenery recalled that when Secretariat was in training, Lucien once said: "Your big Bold Ruler colt don't show me nothin'. He can't outrun a fat man." But Secretariat made steady progress over the spring. On June 6, he wore blinkers for the first time to keep his attention focused and responded with a half-mile workout in
8228-714: The demand for an enormous quantity resulted in cheaper and quicker limited animation methods and much more formulaic scripts. Quality dwindled until more daring animation surfaced in the late 1980s and in the early 1990s with hit series, the first cartoon of The Simpsons (1987), which later developed into its own show (in 1989) and SpongeBob SquarePants (since 1999) as part of a "renaissance" of American animation. While US animated series also spawned successes internationally, many other countries produced their own child-oriented programming, relatively often preferring stop motion and puppetry over cel animation. Japanese anime TV series became very successful internationally since
8349-422: The drawings and simulate camera movement and effects. The final animated piece is output to one of several delivery media, including traditional 35 mm film and newer media with digital video . The "look" of traditional cel animation is still preserved, and the character animators ' work has remained essentially the same over the past 90 years. Some animation producers have used the term "tradigital" (a play on
8470-645: The end of the season feels less like a conclusion and more like a plateau. But without the smooth lines of deliberate plotting, the show is able to find some really brilliant sweet spots." Liz Shannon Miller of Indiewire gave the season an "A", saying: "Many Season 3 episodes are definable in simple terms ... they actually function as stand-alone on a level that you honestly don't see too often ... this leads to some jaw-dropping installments, which iris in on character on levels that range from hilarious to heartbreaking." The fourth episode, "Fish Out of Water," received critical acclaim and has largely been considered
8591-576: The end of the year. Secretariat wintered in Florida but did not race until March 17, 1973, in the Bay Shore Stakes at Aqueduct, where he went off as the heavy favorite. As the trainer of one of his opponents put it, "The only chance we have is if he falls down." Racing boxed in by horses on each side, Turcotte decided to go through a narrow gap between horses rather than try to circle the field. Secretariat broke free and won easily, but one of
8712-496: The field on the turn to win by six lengths. On July 31 in an allowance race at Saratoga , Feliciano was replaced by Ron Turcotte , the regular jockey for Meadow Stables. Turcotte had ridden the colt in several morning workouts but had missed his first two starts while recovering from a fall. Secretariat's commanding win as the 2–5 favorite caught the attention of veteran sportswriter, Charles Hatton . He later reported, "You carry an ideal around in your head, and boy, I thought, 'This
8833-868: The field. Many are part of general or regional film award programs, like the China's Golden Rooster Award for Best Animation (since 1981). Awards programs dedicated to animation, with many categories, include ASIFA-Hollywood 's Annie Awards , the Emile Awards in Europe and the Anima Mundi awards in Brazil. Apart from Academy Awards for Best Animated Short Film (since 1932) and Best Animated Feature (since 2002), animated movies have been nominated and rewarded in other categories, relatively often for Best Original Song and Best Original Score . Beauty and
8954-458: The first feature-length film El Apóstol (now lost ), which became a critical and commercial success. It was followed by Cristiani's Sin dejar rastros in 1918, but one day after its premiere, the film was confiscated by the government. After working on it for three years, Lotte Reiniger released the German feature-length silhouette animation Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed in 1926,
9075-462: The first two unsatisfying, but enjoys her third one with mouse Ralph Stilton. Diane does drugs with a client when he accidentally calls her to hang out with him. Returning home while high, Diane tells Mr. Peanutbutter that she loves him despite his eccentricities, and injures her wrist when she tries to carry him. At the hospital, Diane learns that she is pregnant. Diane and Mr. Peanutbutter agree to get an abortion, and she accidentally tweets that she
9196-615: The foal and made a one-word entry in her notebook: "Wow!" That fall, Chenery and Elizabeth Ham, the Meadow's longtime secretary, worked together to name the newly weaned colt. The first set of names submitted to the Jockey Club (Sceptre, Royal Line, and Something Special) played on the names of his sire and dam, but were rejected. The second set, submitted in January 1971, were Games of Chance, Deo Volente ("God Willing"), and Secretariat,
9317-430: The foaling and later said, "He was a very well-made foal. He was as perfect a foal that I ever delivered." The colt soon distinguished himself from the others. "He was always the leader in the crowd," said Gentry's nephew, Robert, who also worked at the farm. "To us, he was Big Red, and he had a personality. He was a clown and was always cutting up, always into some devilment." Some time later, Chenery got her first look at
9438-406: The forefront of the animation industry. Although Disney Animation's actual output relative to total global animation output, has always been very small; the studio has overwhelmingly dominated the "aesthetic norms" of animation ever since. The enormous success of Mickey Mouse is seen as the start of the golden age of American animation that would last until the 1960s. The United States dominated
9559-522: The funniest and most heartbreaking shows on television." On Metacritic , the season received a score of 89 out of 100, based on 12 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter praised the season, saying: "The title 'Best Show on TV' is one that I like to bestow actively based on which series are and aren't currently on-air—and as of the Friday's premiere of 12 new episodes, it's possible that BoJack Horseman will hold
9680-406: The highlight of the season. Bojack's production designer Lisa Hanawalt talked about the episode in an interview with Vox , stating: "I'm so delighted with what we were able to do ... everyone [on the show] knew it was our Fantasia . Daniel D'Addario of Time magazine called "Fish Out of Water" the best television episode of 2016, stating, "This episode is dazzingly beautiful and among
9801-508: The horse, selling 32 shares worth $ 190,000 each for a total of $ 6.08 million, a world syndication record at the time, surpassing the previous record for Nijinsky who was syndicated for $ 5.44 million in 1970. Hancock said the sale was easy, citing Secretariat's two-year-old performance, breeding, and appearance. "He's, well, he's a hell of a horse." Chenery retained four shares in the horse and would have complete control over his three-year-old racing campaign, but agreed that he would be retired at
9922-611: The humour it can provide. Some animated characters in commercials have survived for decades, such as Snap, Crackle and Pop in advertisements for Kellogg's cereals. Tex Avery was the producer of the first Raid " Kills Bugs Dead " commercials in 1966, which were very successful for the company. Apart from their success in movie theaters and television series, many cartoon characters would also prove lucrative when licensed for all kinds of merchandise and for other media. Animation has traditionally been very closely related to comic books . While many comic book characters found their way to
10043-591: The last suggested by Ham based on her previous job associated with the secretariat of the League of Nations (the predecessor of the United Nations). Secretariat grew into a massive, powerful horse said to resemble his sire's damsire, Discovery . He stood 16.2 hands (66 inches, 168 cm) when fully grown. He was noted for being exceptionally well-balanced, described as having "nearly perfect" conformation and stride biomechanics . His chest
10164-435: The late 1980s, in a style similar to traditional cel animation. The so-called 3D style, more often associated with computer animation, became the dominant technique following the success of Pixar's Toy Story (1995), the first computer-animated feature in this style. Most of the cel animation studios switched to producing mostly computer-animated films around the 1990s, as it proved cheaper and more profitable. Not only
10285-517: The length and angles of bones can have a major effect on performance. Secretariat was well put together even as a two-year-old, and by the time he was three, he had further matured in body and smoothed out his gait. The New York Racing Association's Dr. M. A. Gilman, a veterinarian who routinely measured leading thoroughbreds with a goal of applying science to create better ways to breed and evaluate racehorses, measured Secretariat's development from two to three as follows: Secretariat's length of stride
10406-459: The loser of the toss would get first pick of the foals due in 1970. In the spring of 1969, a colt and filly were produced. In the 1969 breeding season, Cicada did not conceive, leaving only one foal due in the spring of 1970. Thus, the winner of the coin toss would get only one foal (the first pick from 1969), and the loser would get two (the second pick from 1969 and the only foal from 1970). Chenery later said that both owners hoped they would lose
10527-421: The magic of moving characters. For centuries, master artists and craftsmen have brought puppets, automatons , shadow puppets , and fantastical lanterns to life, inspiring the imagination through physically manipulated wonders. In 1833, the stroboscopic disc (better known as the phenakistiscope ) introduced the principle of modern animation, which would also be applied in the zoetrope (introduced in 1866),
10648-460: The main source of his power, with a sloped croup that extended the length of his femur. When in full stride, his hind legs were able to reach far under himself, increasing his drive. His ample girth, long back and well-made neck all contributed to his heart-lung efficiency. The manner in which Secretariat's body parts fit together determined the efficiency of his stride, which affected his acceleration and endurance. Even very small differences in
10769-470: The most creative single episodes of TV in memory; it's also a perceptive and painful look at being forced to confront one's regrets." Jesse David Fox of Vulture also called this episode one of the best of 2016, saying the episode "plays out as if the iconic Looney Tunes director Chuck Jones were tasked with doing a Charlie Chaplin –inspired Fantasia segment ... tonally and formally inventive, silly and bittersweet, visually and sonically beautiful: It's
10890-824: The oldest extant animated feature. In 1937, Walt Disney Studios premiered their first animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , still one of the highest-grossing traditional animation features as of May 2020 . The Fleischer studios followed this example in 1939 with Gulliver's Travels with some success. Partly due to foreign markets being cut off by the Second World War, Disney's next features Pinocchio , Fantasia (both 1940), Fleischer Studios' second animated feature Mr. Bug Goes to Town (1941–1942) and Disney's feature films Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Lady and
11011-510: The oldest known example of a complete traditional (hand-drawn) animation on standard cinematographic film. Other great artistic and very influential short films were created by Ladislas Starevich with his puppet animations since 1910 and by Winsor McCay with detailed hand-drawn animation in films such as Little Nemo (1911) and Gertie the Dinosaur (1914). During the 1910s, the production of animated " cartoons " became an industry in
11132-520: The one-mile race in 1:33 2 ⁄ 5 , matching the track record. His final preparatory race for the Kentucky Derby was the Wood Memorial , where he finished a surprising third to Angle Light and Santa Anita Derby winner Sham . Laurin was crushed, even though he had trained the winner, Angle Light, who set a slow pace and "stole" the race. Secretariat's loss was later attributed to a large abscess in his mouth, which made him sensitive to
11253-479: The other jockeys claimed that Secretariat had committed a foul going through the hole. The stewards reviewed photos from the race and determined that Secretariat was actually on the receiving end of a bump, so let the result stand. The Bay Shore established that Secretariat had improved over the winter and that he could also handle adversity. In the Gotham Stakes on April 7, Laurin decided to experiment with Secretariat's running style. With no speed horses entered in
11374-420: The pedigree of many modern champions. Secretariat died in 1989 as a result of laminitis at age 19. Secretariat was officially bred by Christopher Chenery's Meadow Stud, but the breeding was actually arranged by Penny Chenery (then known as Penny Tweedy), who had taken over the running of the stable in 1968 when her father became ill. Secretariat was sired by Bold Ruler and his dam was Somethingroyal ,
11495-482: The planetarium at her request, where BoJack promises her that things will be fine as she falls asleep in his arms and remains unresponsive. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the season holds an approval rating of 100% based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 9.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Skillfully puncturing the idea of celebrity and our culture's bizarre obsession with it, BoJack Horseman ' s third season continues its streak as one of
11616-549: The race he would thrive. With coat like the sunset, a brilliant chestnut hue, He galloped through history, leaving trails bold and true. His stride was a symphony, a dance with the air, As he chased down the dreams, no burden to bear. The roar of the crowd, a thunderous cheer, Echoed through time, as he conquered each sphere. From the Derby to Belmont, his spirit would soar, Breaking records and hearts, he forever would score. A champion’s tale, woven in time’s thread, Of
11737-419: The race, Secretariat would be allowed to set his own pace. Accordingly, Turcotte hustled Secretariat from the starting gate and they led easily. Down the stretch though, Champagne Charlie came running and at the eighth pole was almost even. Turcotte tapped Secretariat once on each side with the whip and Secretariat drew away to win by three lengths. He ran the first 3/4 mile in 1:08 3 ⁄ 5 and finished
11858-768: The screen (which is often the case in Japan, where many manga are adapted into anime ), original animated characters also commonly appear in comic books and magazines. Somewhat similarly, characters and plots for video games (an interactive form of animation that became its own medium) have been derived from films and vice versa. Some of the original content produced for the screen can be used and marketed in other media. Stories and images can easily be adapted into children's books and other printed media. Songs and music have appeared on records and as streaming media. While very many animation companies commercially exploit their creations outside moving image media, The Walt Disney Company
11979-403: The series, "It was never our top priority to be the voice of depression ... [ Bojack Horseman is not] trying to capture this thing [depression] as much as it is trying to capture this character and what he is." Regardless, Maxwell Strachan of HuffPost considers this season, and the show as a whole, to be one of the very few shows that accurately depicts the mental illness, saying "Outside of
12100-417: The show has ever done, and taken on its own it's a hauntingly beautiful story of being a stranger in a strange land. It finds the lowest possible geographic point to take its main character, and from that place it ascends to the highest point the series has ever reached." This season's look at depression was also praised. Show creator Raphael Bob-Waksberg , in an interview with HuffPost , explained that for
12221-536: The show so good. 'BoJack Horseman' doesn't excuse bad behavior. But it certainly can help those who are struggling with the depression that can cause that bad behavior to feel less alone." Animation Animation is a filmmaking technique by which still images are manipulated to create moving images . In traditional animation , images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets ( cels ) to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animation has been recognized as an artistic medium, specifically within
12342-458: The side opposite the line drawings. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one against a painted background by a rostrum camera onto motion picture film. The traditional cel animation process became obsolete by the beginning of the 21st century. In modern traditionally animated films, animators' drawings and the backgrounds are either scanned into or drawn directly into a computer system. Various software programs are used to color
12463-537: The sky. Diane and Mr. Peanutbutter go to the Labrador Peninsula to be with his family for the New Year's, where Diane believes Mr. Peanutbutter's older brother is expressing distaste for her abortion when he makes several morbid statements about mortality around her. He reveals to Mr. Peanutbutter that he actually has a twisted spleen that requires surgery to fix, which worries him. BoJack is contacted by
12584-557: The stretch, Secretariat was blocked by the horses in front of him but then made his way through "like a hawk scattering a barnyard of chickens" on his way to a three-length win. Sportswriter Andrew Beyer covered the race for the Washington Star and later wrote, "Never have I watched a lightly raced 2-year-old stamp himself so definitively as a potential great." Ten days later in the Hopeful Stakes , Secretariat made
12705-425: The synopsis stage through the storyboard format; the storyboard artists would then receive credit for writing the film. In the early 1960s, animation studios began hiring professional screenwriters to write screenplays (while also continuing to use story departments) and screenplays had become commonplace for animated films by the late 1980s. Traditional animation (also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation)
12826-437: The title, at least for a little while." Sonia Saraiya of Variety also praised the season, but admitted that this third season wasn't as strong as the second, saying "The third season isn't quite what the second season was. In some ways, that's a shame: The second season had a tight arc that both deployed some fantastic storytelling and demonstrated the show's myriad abilities. The third season isn't nearly so neatly constructed;
12947-462: The two . As CGI increasingly approximates photographic imagery , filmmakers can easily composite 3D animations into their film rather than using practical effects for showy visual effects (VFX). Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation , while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings . Other common animation methods apply
13068-513: The upper hand through way of her past assistant, but they use Kelsey and the fact that Princess Carolyn held her assistant back to win the role, putting Princess Carolyn's agency in jeopardy. BoJack loses his chance to reconnect with Kelsey when Princess Carolyn tries to price him higher than Kelsey can afford. BoJack convinces Sarah Lynn to break her sobriety and go on a bender with him. They binge Horsin' Around and go to her sobriety meetings, where he rambles about Penny before blacking out. Through
13189-791: The use of less detailed or more stylized drawings and methods of movement usually a choppy or "skippy" movement animation. Limited animation uses fewer drawings per second, thereby limiting the fluidity of the animation. This is a more economic technique. Pioneered by the artists at the American studio United Productions of America , limited animation can be used as a method of stylized artistic expression, as in Gerald McBoing-Boing (US, 1951), Yellow Submarine (UK, 1968), and certain anime produced in Japan. Its primary use, however, has been in producing cost-effective animated content for media for television (the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation , and other TV animation studios ) and later
13310-565: The value had increased to an estimated US$ 370 billion. Animated feature-length films returned the highest gross margins (around 52%) of all film genres between 2004 and 2013. Animation as an art and industry continues to thrive as of the early 2020s. The clarity of animation makes it a powerful tool for instruction, while its total malleability also allows exaggeration that can be employed to convey strong emotions and to thwart reality. It has therefore been widely used for other purposes than mere entertainment. During World War II, animation
13431-401: The very popular 3D animation style was generated with computers, but also most of the films and series with a more traditional hand-crafted appearance, in which the charming characteristics of cel animation could be emulated with software, while new digital tools helped developing new styles and effects. In 2010, the animation market was estimated to be worth circa US$ 80 billion. By 2021,
13552-739: The votes of the Thoroughbred Racing Associations of North America and the Daily Racing Form , while La Prevoyante was chosen by the National Turf Writers Association . Only one horse since then, Favorite Trick in 1997, has won that award as a two-year-old. In January 1973, Christopher Chenery, the founder of Meadow Stables, died and the taxes on his estate forced his daughter Penny to consider selling Secretariat. Together with of Claiborne Farm, she instead managed to syndicate
13673-683: The words "traditional" and "digital") to describe cel animation that uses significant computer technology. Examples of traditionally animated feature films include Pinocchio (United States, 1940), Animal Farm (United Kingdom, 1954), Lucky and Zorba (Italy, 1998), and The Illusionist (British-French, 2010). Traditionally animated films produced with the aid of computer technology include The Lion King (US, 1994), Anastasia (US, 1997), The Prince of Egypt (US, 1998), Akira (Japan, 1988), Spirited Away (Japan, 2001), The Triplets of Belleville (France, 2003), and The Secret of Kells (Irish-French-Belgian, 2009). Full animation
13794-482: The world market of animation with a plethora of cel-animated theatrical shorts. Several studios would introduce characters that would become very popular and would have long-lasting careers, including Walt Disney Productions ' Goofy (1932) and Donald Duck (1934), Fleischer Studios / Paramount Cartoon Studios ' Out of the Inkwell ' Koko the Clown (1918), Bimbo and Betty Boop (1930), Popeye (1933) and Casper
13915-431: The worst of it by coming from behind, usually circling his field. A colt has to be a real runner to do this consistently and get away with it." Secretariat won the Eclipse Award for American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Horse and, in a rare occurrence, two two-year-olds topped the balloting for 1972 American Horse of the Year honors, with Secretariat edging out the undefeated filly, La Prevoyante . Secretariat received
14036-536: Was a champion American thoroughbred racehorse who was the ninth winner of the American Triple Crown , setting and still holding the fastest time record in all three of its constituent races. He is widely considered to be the greatest racehorse of all time. He became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years and his record-breaking victory in the Belmont Stakes , which he won by 31 lengths ,
14157-475: Was considered large even after taking into account his large frame and strong build. While training for the Preakness Stakes, his stride was measured as 24 feet, 11 inches. His powerful hindquarters allowed him to unleash "devastating" speed and because he was so well-muscled and had significant cardiac capacity, he could simply out-gallop competitors at nearly any point in a race. His weight before
14278-564: Was frequently outpaced by more precocious stable mates, running a quarter-mile in 26 seconds compared to 23 seconds by his peers. His regular exercise riders were Jim Gaffney and Charlie Davis. Davis was not initially impressed. "He was a big fat sucker", Davis said. "I mean, he was big. He wasn't in a hurry to do nothin'. He took his time. The quality was there, but he didn't show it until he wanted to." Gaffney though recalled his first ride on Secretariat in early 1972 as "having this big red machine under me, and from that very first day I knew he had
14399-543: Was gradually developed since the 1940s. 3D wireframe animation started popping up in the mainstream in the 1970s, with an early (short) appearance in the sci-fi thriller Futureworld (1976). The Rescuers Down Under was the first feature film to be completely created digitally without a camera. It was produced using the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), developed by Pixar in collaboration with The Walt Disney Company in
14520-414: Was so large that he required a custom-made girth , and he was noted for his large, powerful, well-muscled hindquarters. An Australian trainer said of him, "He is incredible, an absolutely perfect horse. I never saw anything like him." Secretariat's absence of major conformation flaws was important, as horses with well made limbs and feet are less likely to become injured. Secretariat's hindquarters were
14641-482: Was widely exploited for propaganda. Many American studios , including Warner Bros. and Disney, lent their talents and their cartoon characters to convey to the public certain war values. Some countries, including China, Japan and the United Kingdom, produced their first feature-length animation for their war efforts. Animation has been very popular in television commercials, both due to its graphic appeal, and
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