72-508: Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA) is a statutory agency which is responsible for development and beautification of Bhubaneswar , the capital city of Odisha . It was established on 1 September 1983. BDA is responsible for creating development plans, regulating development and use of land, undertaking works pertaining to construction of housing colonies, commercial complexes and providing public amenities like water supply, drainage, sewerage, and transportation, social facilities etc. Apart from
144-559: A business by the World Bank . Bhubaneswar has been traditionally home to handicrafts industry, including silver filigree work, appliqué work, stone and wood carvings and patta painting , which significantly contributes to the city's economy. The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, retail and hospitality sectors; several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar. In
216-742: A dynasty from which Kharavela descended, namely Chedi mahajanapada . According to Sahu, this is incorrect and an artifact of a crack in the stone. The "Chetaraja", states Sahu, probably refers to Kharavela's father and his immediate predecessor. The Hathigumpha inscription also contains a word that has been interpreted as Aira or Aila . According to a small inscription found in the Mancapuri Cave, Kharavela's successor Kudepasiri also styled himself as Aira Maharaja Kalingadhipati Mahameghavahana ( Devanagari : ऐर महाराजा कलिंगाधिपतिना महामेघवाहन). Early readings of that inscription by scholars such as James Prinsep and R. L. Mitra interpreted Aira as
288-534: A largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small-scale manufacturing. With the economic liberalisation policy adopted by the Government of India in the 1990s, Bhubaneswar received investment in telecommunications , information technology (IT) and higher education. In 2011, according to a study by Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India , Bhubaneswar had
360-463: A scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes. The United Nations Development Programme reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and cyclones . The 1999 Odisha cyclone caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives. Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth. The Bhubaneswar urban development area consists of
432-538: A variety of gods ( sava-de[vāya]tana-sakāra-kārako ). Other reasons to doubt Kharavela was a devout Jain is also found in many lines of the Hathigumpha inscription. The repeated mention of violence and wars in the inscription, says Dundas, raises questions whether Kharavela was merely partial to Jainism given the central doctrine of Ahimsa (non-violence) in Jainism. According to Helmuth von Glasenapp , he
504-595: Is Kharavela . His Hathigumpha inscription is located at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves near Bhubaneswar. The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties, including Satavahanas , Guptas , Matharas , and Shailodbhavas . In the 7th century, Somavamshi or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom and constructed a number of temples. After the Kesharis, the Eastern Gangas ruled Kalinga area until
576-504: Is 27.4 °C (81.3 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 22–32 °C (72–90 °F). Summers (March to June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s C; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in May and June. Winter lasts for only about ten weeks, with seasonal lows dipping to 15–18 °C (59–64 °F) in December and January. May is
648-406: Is a religiously diverse city. Hindus form the majority in the city with more than 95% of the total population, as of 2011 Census of India . Muslims forms the second largest minority with 3.3% and Christians with 0.92%. There is also a significant minority population of Sikhs , Buddhists and Jains . The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC) oversees and manages civic infrastructure for
720-452: Is an administrative, information technology, education and tourism city. Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the World Bank in 2014. Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast-growing, important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India. Tourism is a major industry, attracting about 1.5 million tourists in 2011. Bhubaneswar was designed to be
792-729: Is largely discredited. The word Aira or Aila was then re-interpreted, by Barua and Sahu to be the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Arya ("noble"). Jayaswal and Banerji interpret the same word to be referring to the Aila dynasty , the mythical Pururavas dynasty mentioned in Hindu and Jain texts; Kharavela's Mahameghavahana family might have claimed descent from this Pururavas dynasty. Scholars such as Sircar and Sharma, based on later discovered Guntupalli inscriptions , state that Kharavela
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#1732779515076864-453: Is located in the Khordha district . The suburban region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as Chakra Khetra and Ekamra Khetra (Area adorned with a mango tree). Bhubaneswar is dubbed the "Temple City", a nickname earned because of many temples which are standing there. In contemporary times, the city is a hub of sports, tourism and IT in the country. Although
936-788: Is no fixed number of members in the committees. The processes for the municipal budget 2020–21 was initiated in February 2020, but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced. The budget for 2020–21 was supposed to be aroound Rs. 700, an increase of 51.8% from the 2019–20 budget. The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio-economic welfare schemes in the city. The key revenue sources for BMC are: Holding Taxes, tax from advertisements, rent from municipal properties such as markets, shopping complexes, and kalyan mandaps (marriage halls), fees and user charges, and grants from state and central governments. Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect one representative to India's lower house,
1008-649: Is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar. State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited , or BSNL , as well as private enterprises, among them Reliance Jio , Bharti Airtel , Vodafone Idea , are the leading telephone, cell phone and internet service providers in the city. Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges. IIT Bhubaneswar , NISER Bhubaneswar, AIIMS Bhubaneswar and NIFT Bhubaneswar are some of
1080-461: Is therefore generally called a Jain king. He brought back Jina idol from Mathura which was taken by Nanda king. Some scholars such as Paul Dundas question whether he was a Jain, or another ancient king who supported Jainism and is valorized in an inscription written at a Jain site. One reason for doubts is that Hathigumpha inscription explicitly states he was a devotee of all religious sects ( sava-pāsanḍa pūjako ) and repaired temples dedicated to
1152-411: Is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands, with hillocks in the western and northern parts. Kanjia lake on the northern outskirts, affords rich biodiversity and is a wetland of national importance. Bhubaneswar's soils are 65 per cent laterite , 25 per cent alluvial and 10 per cent sandstone . The Bureau of Indian Standards places the city inside seismic zone III on
1224-450: Is undated, only four of its 17 lines are completely legible, others unclear, variously interpreted and disputed by scholars. The inscription written with Jainism -related phrases recites a year by year record of his reign and panegyrically credits him with public infrastructure projects, welfare activities, patronage of the arts, and many military victories. Historians agree that it is best and most complete biography of Kharavela available. He
1296-467: The 2011 census of India , Bhubaneswar had a population of 837,737, while the metropolitan area had a population of 881,988. As per the estimate of IIT Kharagpur , which made a development plan, the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban complex, consisting of 721.9 square kilometres (278.7 sq mi), has a population of 1.9 million (as of 2008 ). As of 2011 , the number of males was 445,233, while
1368-554: The Bay of Bengal branch of the south west summer monsoon lash Bhubaneswar between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of 1,657.8 mm (65 in). The highest monthly rainfall total, 374.6 mm (15 in), occurs in August. Bhubaneswar has been ranked 7th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Bhubaneswar
1440-705: The Bengal Presidency (until 1912), Bihar and Orissa Province (1912–1936) and Orissa Province (1936–1947). The capital of the British-ruled and post-independent Orissa State was also Cuttack , which was vulnerable to floods and suffered from space constraints. Because of this, on 1966, a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province. After independence of India,
1512-589: The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation area, 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over 1,110 km (430 sq mi). The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers 186 square kilometres (72 sq mi). The city is somewhat dumbbell -shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north, northeast and southwest. The north–south axis of
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#17327795150761584-561: The Karrani dynasty of Afghan origin gained control of Odisha . During their reign, most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured. In the 16th century, the area came under pachamani Mughal control. The Marathas , who succeeded the Mughals in the mid-18th century, encouraged pilgrimage in Odisha . In 1803, the area came under British colonial rule, and was part of
1656-666: The Lingaraja , Nilakantha Siva , Rajarani and Muktesvara temples , standing alongside residential areas. Additional structures include the Somabaresvara Siva Temple and the Kartikesvara Siva Temple . The area is congested, with narrow roads and poor infrastructure. Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony, Pandaba Nagar, Brahmeswara Bagh, Lingaraja Nagar, Gouri Nagar, Bhimatangi, Kapilaprasad and Sundarpada. The planned city
1728-600: The Lok Sabha , and three representatives to the state legislative assembly, through the constituencies of Bhubaneswar North , Ekamra-Bhubaneswar , and Bhubaneswar Central . The last Lok Sabha election was in 2019, when Aparajita Sarangi from Bharatiya Janata Party won the seat. The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well, when all three Vidhan Sabha seats in Bhubaneswar were won by Biju Janata Dal : Susant Kumar Rout from North, Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra, and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central. As
1800-449: The informal sector , 22,000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones. As of 2001, around 2.15% of the city's workforce was employed in the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc.); 2.18% worked in the secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing); and 95.67% worked in the tertiary sector (service industries). The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar, in
1872-523: The 14th century CE. Their capital was located in present-day Cuttack City. After them, Mukunda Deva of the Bhoi Dynasty – the last Hindu ruler of the area until the Marathas ruled Odisha from Cuttack. Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries, under Shaiva influence. The Ananta Vasudeva Temple is the only old temple of Vishnu in the city. In 1568,
1944-473: The Bhubaneswar-Cuttack area. Shri S.K. Priyadarshi, IPS is the police commissioner. Electricity was earlier being supplied by the state-operated Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha . TATA Power - TP-CODL as a private entity started Power distribution in the city by the end of 2020. Fire services are handled by the state agency Odisha Fire Service . Drinking water is sourced from
2016-531: The Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit. The added areas are mostly areas lying north of National Highway 5, including Nayapalli, Jayadev Vihar, Chandrasekharpur and Sailashree Vihar , Niladri vihar which were developed by Bhubaneswar Development Authority to house the growing population. With the development of the new areas such as Chandrasekharpur the city is now divided roughly into North (newer areas) and South Bhubaneswar (older areas) by
2088-553: The Hathigumpha inscription as Kharavela must be self identifying himself as an Aryan . The Hathigumpha inscription begins with a variation of the salute to arihants and siddhas . This is similar to the Jain Pancha-Namaskara Mantra , in which three more entities are invoked in addition to the arihants and siddhas. Other parts of the Hathigumpha inscription, as well as the minor inscriptions found at Udayagiri from around 1st-century BCE use Jain phrases. He
2160-472: The Hathigumpha inscription, which he says implies that Kharavela flourished ti-vasa-sata years after the Nandaraja. Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri identifies Nandaraja with Mahapadma Nanda or one of his sons. The expression ti-vasa-sata can mean 103 or 300 years; Chattopadhyaya does not consider 103 plausible, since it would contradict Ashoka's records. Based on this, he places Kharavela in the second half of
2232-602: The Mahanadi, Kuakhai and Daya rivers. Water supply and sewerage are handled by the Public Health Engineering Organisation . As of 2015, 35% of the city was covered by piped water connections, 1.4% of the households had metered water connection, and the extent of non-revenue water in the city ran to 62.5%. The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads. 26.7% of the city is covered by sewage network, while more than 50% of
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2304-671: The Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents. Later, markets and commercial establishments developed along the Janpath and Cuttack-Puri Road at Saheed Nagar , Satya Nagar, Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar. A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes, including Utkal University , the Institute of Physics , the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology and Sainik School. Indira Gandhi Park, Gandhi Park and
2376-460: The Mauryan era. Indraji concluded that Kharavela was born in 127 BCE and became king in 103 BCE. Indraji's interpretations were questioned by scholars and has been largely rejected. According to Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya, the 16th line does not mention Maurya kala ("Maurya era") but reads Mukhya kala ("the main era"). Chattopadhyaya relies on the description of Kharavela's fifth regnal year in
2448-635: The NH-5 highway. The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary, including Tomando, Patia and Raghunathpur. Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner, without proper planning. The Master Planning Branch of the Bhubaneswar Development Authority developed the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) in 2010. According to
2520-1116: The Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982, the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas. Apart from the CDP, BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP. Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the Smart city list in India. Bhubaneswar has a tropical savanna climate , designated Aw under the Köppen climate classification . Temperatures in Bhubaneswar usually range from 11 to 44 °C (52 to 111 °F). It experiences five primary seasons: winter (December to January), when temperatures can drop to 11 °C (52 °F); spring (February); summer (March to May), when temperatures can reach 44 °C (111 °F) or higher; monsoon (June to October); and post-monsoon (November). The annual mean temperature
2592-466: The Rasulgarh, Mancheswar, Chandaka, and Bhagabanpur areas. Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper, steel, automobile, food, pharma and electronics industries. A large number of companies including Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation , Bharat Biotech , Topaz Solar , Britannia Industries , SMS Group and Jockey International have there manufacturing plant. In 2009, Odisha
2664-475: The capital on 1968. The modern city was designed by the German architect Otto Königsberger in 1966. Along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh , it was one of modern India's first planned cities. Bhubaneswar and Cuttack are often referred to as the 'twin cities of Odisha'. The area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.7 million in 2011. It is categorised as a Tier-2 city. Bhubaneswar and Rourkela are
2736-450: The city followed the plan, it grew rapidly over the next few decades, outstripping the planning process. According to the first census of independent India, taken in 1951, the town's population was just 16,000. From 1952 to 1979, it was administered by a Notified Area Council or a nagar panchayat ; a municipality was established only on 12 March 1979. During this time, due to fear of wild animals and forested areas, Cuttack continued to be
2808-423: The city is widest, at roughly 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi). Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of Kuakhai River and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part. The city can be broadly divided into the old town, planned city (or state capital), added areas and into Units and Colonies. The old town or "Temple Town", the oldest part of the city, is characterised by many temples, including
2880-463: The city's 67 wards . It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994. Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is the governing act. Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five-year term. Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets. As Bhubaneswar's apex body,
2952-499: The corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor and other elected members. The executive wing is headed by a Commissioner. There are 13 administrative departments under BMC: PR & Communication, Disaster Management, Finance, Health & Sanitation, Engineering, Revenue & Tax, Electrical, Environment, Social Welfare, IT and Social Projects, Establishment, Land & Assets, Enforcement & Recovery. The responsibilities of
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3024-504: The elite institutions of country which are located in the city. Utkal University Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India. Odia and English are the primary languages of instruction. Schools in Bhubaneswar follow the "10+2+3" plan for Regular Graduates and "10+2+4" plan for Technical studies. Schools in Bhubaneswar are either run by the state government or private organisations. Students typically enroll in schools that are affiliated with any of
3096-462: The first century BCE or the first half of the first century CE. Depending on the variant readings, different dates continue to be published in post-colonial era texts. Alain Daniélou , for example, places Kharavela between 180 BCE and 130 BCE, identifying him as a contemporary of Satakarni and Pushyamitra Shunga . According to Rama Shankar Tripathi, Kharavela reigned during the third quarter of
3168-485: The first century BCE. Many other scholars, such as D.C. Sircar and Walter Spink, date Kharavela and the Hathigumpha inscription in the 1st-century BCE to early 1st-century CE. The first line of the Hathigumpha inscription calls Kharavela " Chetaraja-vasa-vadhanena " (चेतराज वस वधनेन, "the one who extended the family of the Cheta King"). R. D. Banerji and D. C. Sircar interpreted "Cheti" (चेति) to be referring to
3240-670: The following mediums of education. Notable union government schools in the city include Notable state government schools in the city include Notable private schools in the city include Several colleges are affiliated with universities or institution based in Bhubaneswar or elsewhere in India. Most offer a wide range of programs in STEM and applied research and are rated highly by the Ministry of Human Resource Development , India. Professional Institute The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM),
3312-507: The foundation of the new capital was laid on 13 April 1968. The name of the new capital came from "Tribhubaneswara" or "Bhubaneswara" (literally "Lord of the Earth"), a name of Shiva , the deity of the Lingaraja temple . The Legislative Assembly of Odisha was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1969. Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city, designed by German architect Otto Königsberger with wide roads, gardens and parks. Though part of
3384-452: The headquarters of POSCO India , a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate POSCO and Govt. of India owned National Aluminium Company (NALCO). Apart from the big multinationals, some 300 small and mid-size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar. Lulu International Shopping Malls Private Limited plans to set up shopping malls, hypermarkets, agri sourcing and logistics hub with an investment of Rs 1,500 crore. As per
3456-420: The highest rate of employment growth among 17 Tier-2 cities in India. It has been listed among the top ten emerging cities in India by Cushman and Wakefield , taking into consideration factors like demographics, physical, social and real estate infrastructure, current level and scope of economic activities and government support. In 2012, Bhubaneswar was ranked third among Indian cities, in starting and operating
3528-459: The history of ancient India is unclear including the times after Ashoka and Kharavela. Given the lack of major inscriptions by his successors, they surmise that the Kharavela empire likely disintegrated soon after his death. A little is known about the next two generations of kings - Vakradeva (a.k.a. Kudepasiri or Vakadepa) and Vadukha - but through the minor inscriptions at Udayagiri. Kharavela
3600-550: The hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 32–42 °C (90–108 °F). January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from 15–28 °C (59–82 °F). The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Bhubaneswar are 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) on 5 June 2012 and 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) on 30 December 2018. The official weather station for the city is the Biju Patnaik Airport . Weather records here date back to 1 July 1948. Rains brought by
3672-452: The households are dependent on onsite containment systems, such as septic tanks. There is no sewage treatment plant in Bhubaneswar right now, but one is being built using JNNURM funds. The waste from the limited sewage network flows untreated into the Daya river. There is one septage treatment plant for fecal sludge with a capacity of 75 KLD. The municipal corporation is responsible for
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#17327795150763744-485: The main city, Bhubaneswar, BDA covers 556 revenue villages covering an area of about 1110 km. BDA Jurisdiction Map This article about government in India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar North : Susanta Rout, BJD Bhubaneswar ( Odia: [ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ] ) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Odisha . It
3816-492: The modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1968, the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 1st century BCE. It is a confluence of Hindu , Buddhist and Jain heritage and includes several Kalingan temples , many of them from 6th–13th century CE. With Puri and Konark it forms the "Swarna Tribhuja" ( lit. ' Golden Triangle ' ), one of Eastern India's most visited destinations. Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as
3888-473: The municipal body include drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management and street lighting. The tenure of the last elected body ended in March 2022 and new elections have already took place. Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active. The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health, sanitation, street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards. There
3960-501: The name of the king in the Hathigumpha inscription. Indraji's work corrected this error, and established that the king mentioned in the Hathugumpha inscription was Kharavela and that he was a descendant of Mahameghavahana . It does not directly mention the relationship between Mahameghavahana and Kharavela, or the number of kings between them. Indraji interpreted the inscription to create a hypothetical family tree in 1885, but this
4032-496: The number of females were 392,504. The decadal growth rate was 45.90 per cent. Effective male literacy was 95.69 per cent, while female literacy was 90.26 per cent. About 75,237 were under six. Bhubaneswar's literacy rate is 93.15 per cent —significantly higher than the national average of 74.04 per cent. Languages spoken in Bhubaneswar (2011) The main language spoken in the city is Odia . However, English and Hindi are understood by most residents. Although Odias comprise
4104-403: The people's favourite destination, which continues to be even today. The government officials lived at Cuttack and came to Bhubaneswar for work. The government then forced the officials to live at Bhubaneswar. Then some traders came to set up some shops. By the 1991 census, the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411,542. Accordingly, on 14 August 1994, the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
4176-514: The rest partly lost and eroded by natural processes. It is open to "widely different" interpretations, giving rise to disputes and speculation by various scholars. Composed as it is in a very obscure Prakrit, and its characters badly weathered by centuries of exposure to the elements and in places quite illegible, the Hathigumpha inscription has long been the subject of a great controversy among historians and paleographers. — Arthur Llewellyn Basham The kingdom of Kalinga
4248-707: The seat of the Government of Odisha , Bhubaneswar is home to the Odisha Legislative Assembly and the state secretariat. Bhubaneswar has lower courts: the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters; the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases. The Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate , established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in
4320-632: The site of the Kalinga War ( c. 262 -261 BCE), in which the Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded and annexed Kalinga . One of the most complete edicts of the Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka , dating from between 272 and 236 BCE, remains carved in rock, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest of the modern city. After the decline of the Mauryan empire, the area came under the rule of Mahameghavahana dynasty , whose most well-known ruler
4392-428: The solid waste management in the city. The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480 kg/m3 for wet waste and 600 kg/m3 for wet waste. Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle. It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household, one each for dry and wet waste. Landfilling
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#17327795150764464-511: The two cities in smart city mission from Odisha . Bhubaneswar is the anglicisation of the actual Odia name "Bhubaneśwara"(ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), derived from the word Tribhubaneśwara (ତ୍ରିଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), which literally means the Lord (Iśwara) of the Three Worlds (Tribhubana), which in this context refers to Shiva . Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of Sisupalgarh . Dhauli , near Bhubaneswar was
4536-535: The vast majority, migrants from other states like Andhra Pradesh , Bihar , West Bengal , Rajasthan and Jharkhand also dwell in the city. Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city's demographic profile; likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern. Religion in Bhubaneshwar ^ Others includes Jain, Buddhists and not stated Bhubaneswar
4608-437: Was a follower of Jainism . Much of the available information about Kharavela comes from the undated, much damaged Hathigumpha inscription and several minor inscriptions found in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves in present-day Odisha. The Hathigumpha inscription records Kharavela's life until his 38th year, including 13 years of his reign. The inscription is badly damaged; of its 17 lines, only four are completely legible,
4680-722: Was conceived as a five-star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries. Infosys and Tech Mahindra have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996. Other Multinational Companies include Accenture , Cognizant , Tata Consultancy Services , Wipro , IBM , Genpact , Firstsource , Mindtree , MphasiS , Ericsson , Semtech , Reliance Communications , PricewaterhouseCoopers , Bharti Airtel , DLF (company) , Capgemini , Happiest Minds , Concentrix, RiR Electronics, Synopsis, EY and Deloitte . It also houses
4752-582: Was designed in 1948 to house the capital. It is subdivided into units, each with a high school, shopping centres, dispensaries and play areas. While most of the units house government employees, Unit V houses the administrative buildings, including the State Secretariat, State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan. Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city, including Saheed Nagar and Satya Nagar. Unit I, popularly known as
4824-424: Was established in 1996. One IATA Authorised Training Centre (ATC) is located in the city. Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum. Kharavela Kharavela was the emperor of Kalinga (present-day eastern coast of India ) from 193 to 180 BC. The primary source for Kharavela is his rock-cut Hathigumpha inscription . The inscription
4896-761: Was established. Bhubaneswar is in Khordha district of Odisha . It is in the eastern coastal plains , along the axis of the Eastern Ghats mountains. The city has an average altitude of 45 m (148 ft) above sea level . Bhubaneswar lies in Mahanadi River Delta. The Daya River is 4 km to the south and the Kuakhai River 4 km to the east; the Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary and Nandankanan Zoo are in west and north to Bhubaneswar, respectively. Bhubaneswar
4968-485: Was invaded by Ashoka c. 262-261 BCE. The Hathigumpha inscription implies that Kalinga regained its independence from the Maurya Empire sometime after Ashoka's death, and Kharavela was born in an independent Kalinga . In 1885, the colonial era epigraphist Bhagwan Lal Indraji read the 16th line of the Hathigumpha inscription as a reference to Maurya kala and 165th year after this new timeline, which he called
5040-548: Was one of the ancient Mahameghavahana dynasty king from Kalinga. Suniti Kumar Chatterji interpreted "Kharavela" as a name of Dravidian origin, possibly derived from the words kar ("black and terrible") and vel (" lance "). Richard N. Frye , however, did not find Chatterji's etymology satisfactory. According to Braj Nath Puri, it is difficult to suggest a Dravidian cultural origin for Kharavela's dynasty or connect it to South India with certainty. N. K. Sahu also doubts this theory, where he interprets "Aira" or "Aila" word in
5112-558: Was probably a free-thinker who patronized all his subjects (including Jains). According to the Hathigumpha inscription, Kharavela spent his first 24 years on education and sports, a period when he mastered the fields of writing, coinage, accounting, administration and procedures of law. He was the prince to the throne ( yuvaraja ) at 16, and crowned King of Kalinga at age 24. The Hathigumpha inscription details his first 13 years of his reign. Some notable aspects of this reign includes: Kulke and Rothermund state Kharavela's empire state that
5184-469: Was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by NASSCOM , with most IT/ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar. In 2011–12, Odisha had a growth rate of 17% for software exports. According to a 2012 survey, among the tier-2 cities in India, Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT/ITES business. The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity-1, Infovalley, STPI -Bhubaneswar and JSS STP. Infocity
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