67-659: The Bharathappuzha ("River of Bhārata "), also known as the Nila or Ponnani River , is a river in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala . With a length of 209 km, it is the second longest river that flows through Kerala after the Periyar . It flows through Palakkad Gap , which is also the largest opening in the Kerala portion of Western Ghats . The Nila has groomed the culture and life of South Malabar part of Kerala. It
134-516: A Kshatriya born in the Solar dynasty . This has been mentioned in Vishnu Purana (2,1,31), Vayu Puran (33,52), Linga Purana (1,47,23), Brahmanda Purana (14,5,62), Agni Purana (107,11–12), Skand Purana (37,57) and Markanday Purana (50,41), all using the designation Bhāratavarṣa . The Vishnu Purana mentions: The Bhagavat Puran mentions (Canto 5, Chapter 4) - "He ( Rishabha ) begot
201-415: A common sight at each 'kadavu' (entrance to the river) of the river. Considering the hundreds of 'kadavu' throughout its length, the amount of sand mined in these years is unimaginable. Today, with almost no sand in many parts of the river, people have started mining sand from underwater which has become a profitable business for many. Significant changes in the climatic pattern also altered the flow pattern in
268-461: A custom among them not to kill or attack [others]. From west of the states Yuezhi and Gaofu, and south until the Western Sea, and east until the state of Panqi, all is the territory of Shendu. Shendu has several hundred separate towns, with a governor, and separate states which can be numbered in the tens, each with its own king. Although there are small differences among them, they all come under
335-408: A few decades back, the river used to flow effortlessly during even intense summer. However, due to the sand mining in the last 30 years, the thick sand bed has been completely vanished and has then been replaced with grasses and bushes which has become an environmental catastrophe. At the peak of the sand mining period in the mid 1990s at least 40-50 lorries carrying tonnes of pristine sands were
402-690: A hundred sons that were exactly like him... He ( Bharata ) had the best qualities and it was because of him that this land by the people is called Bhāratavarṣa" Bharat Khand (or Bhārat Kṣētra ) is a term used in some of the Hindu texts . In the Sanskrit epic, the Mahabharat (200 BCE to 300 CE), a larger region of North India is encompassed by the term Bharat, but much of the Deccan and South India are still excluded. Some other Puranic passages refer to
469-484: A large portion of the basin is located in the comparatively drier regions (Tamil Nadu and Palakkad Gap). The construction of a number of dams after independence has also reduced the river flow. In fact, in the summer months, there is almost no flow in most parts of the river. The Bharathapuzha is the lifeline of many cities and villages: Chittur-Thathamangalam (in Chittur, Bharathappuzha is known as "Sokanasini"; this name
536-525: A literal meaning of to be maintained (of fire ). The root bhr is cognate with the English verb to bear and Latin ferō . This term also means "one who is engaged in search for knowledge". Barato , the Esperanto name for India, is also a derivation of Bhārata . This realm of Bharat, which has been referred to as Bhāratavarṣa in puranas - after Bharata , the son of Rishabha . He is described to be
603-533: A primary role in setting up the Kalamandalam. His Samadhi is in the old Kalamandalam campus. For those who want to have a glimpse at his contributions to the cultural world, a visit to the Vallathol Museum at Cheruthuruthy is a must. Another thing Kalamandalam can boast about is the ‘Koothambalam’, i.e., the special hall for performing the ritual and classical dances like koothu and koodiyattam. Since
670-485: A purpose of saving the river named as Bharathappuzha Samrakhshana Samithi. Friends of Bharathapuzha, a nature lovers' collective, is being formed with the objective of strengthening and protecting the Bharathapuzha. It is led by E.M. Sreedharan, veteran engineer popularly known as 'Metroman'. Environmentalists suggest the followings actions for saving the river. Two main branches meet at Kuttipuram and flow to
737-484: A restrained area of northern India, namely the part of the Ganges west of Magadha . The inscription clearly mentions Bharat was named after Bharata, the son of first Jain tirthankar Rishabhanatha . In middle Persian , probably from the first century CE, the suffix -stān ( Persian : ستان ) was added, indicative of a country or region, forming the name Hindūstān . Thus, Sindh was referred to as Hindustān in
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#1732788062261804-646: Is a small town in India near Wadakkanchery , Thrissur on the banks of the Nila ( Bharathapuzha ) river. Falls in Talappilly taluk (Wadakkanchery) of the revenue district of Thrissur . Thrissur is 30 km from Cheruthuruthy. It is situated on the banks of the Nila river (Bharathapuzha). It is a serene and scenic small town. The striking attraction of Cheruthuruthy is the Kerala Kalamandalam . It
871-552: Is also one of the important places in the state where the sons pay homage to their late fathers by conducting a Pithru Tharpanam ritual on the Karkidaka Vavu day. Some of the famous persons cremated here include literary personalities like O V Vijayan and VKN. The river went through a series of challenges which saw its degradation that has reached a point of no return. The erratic, non-conservative attitude of people has resulted in much of its water becoming not potable. Until
938-674: Is also referred to as the "Peraar" in ancient scripts and documents. River Bharathapuzha is an interstate river and lifeline water source for a population residing in four administrative districts, namely Malappuram and Palakkad districts, and parts of Palakkad-Thrissur district border of Kerala and Coimbatore , and Tiruppur of Tamil Nadu . The fertile Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands lie on its bank. The river originates in Tamil Nadu, Thirumoorthy Dam. Once it enters Kerala, it gets significance and has five names - Bharathappuzha, Ponnani River, Nila, Perar, and Kuttippuram River, of which
1005-566: Is conducted during early summer(Feb/March) every year. Seven teams, each from neighboring village temples Panjal, Pudussery, Nedumpura, Cheruthuruthy, Pallikkal, Thazhapra-Vettikkattiri and Attoor participate in Kozhimamparambu Pooram The Govt. of India's Panchakarma ayurveda research centre, Jyothi engineering college and PNNM medical college ais situated in Cheruthuruthy. The best time to visit Cheruthuruthy
1072-593: Is irrigated by these irrigation projects. One irrigation dam at Chittur in Attappadi Hills is under construction. The construction of these two dams will increase the area irrigated by another 542 km. Another major project is the Regulator cum bridge at Thrithala built on the Velliyankallu bridge. The bridge connects the two villages Pallippuram and Thrithala . The main objective of the regulator
1139-597: Is situated at Cheruthuruty on the banks of this river—in Thrissur district. The birthplace of famous Malayalam satire poet and founder of the Ottamthullal art form, Kunchan Nambiar , is located at Killikkurissimangalam near Lakkidi, again on the banks of the Nila. Tholpavakoothu (around 65 temples are situated in the banks of river Nila) is a unique shadow puppet play mainly performed in the Bhadar Kali temple in
1206-502: Is started in the year 1930 to teach Kerala, performance arts like Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, Thullal, Koothu, Folk Dances, Panchavadyam and Drama. Recently, it has been recognized as a Deemed University by the Government of India. Many persons trained here have achieved national and international acclaim. It follows the residential schooling system and caste is not at all a criterion for admission. Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon played
1273-543: Is the Palace of Kochi Maharaja which has recently been converted into a 3-star Ayurvedic Heritage Resort named The River Retreat. The Palace of ‘Kavalapara Mooppil Nair’ is located 8 km from Cheruthuruthy. Another worth watching pilgrimage place in Cheruthuruthy is the Shiva temple, a fitting example of Kerala’s traditional architecture. Kozhimamparambu pooram is one of the highest crowded pooram in Thrissur. The Pooram festival
1340-501: Is the drinking water supply. The water supply projects towards Thrissur district has already started. The shutter height of the regulator is 5 meters, and it can contain a huge quantity of water. Also, the new bridge reduces the distance from Thrissur to Kozhikode by 11 km. This project is the largest in Bharathappuzha in the last many decades. Fish species once thought to be almost extinct have come back remarkably due to
1407-568: The Hou Hanshu compiled by Fan Ye (398–445): The state of Tianzhu: Also named Shendu, it lies several thousand li southeast of Yuezhi . Its customs are the same as those of Yuezhi, and it is low, damp, and very hot. It borders a large river. The inhabitants ride on elephants in warfare; they are weaker than the Yuezhi. They practise the way of Futu (the Buddha ), [and therefore] it has become
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#17327880622611474-647: The Indian subcontinent . Other forms include Juāndú ( 身毒 ), which appears in Sima Qian's Shiji . Another is Tiāndǔ ( 天篤 ), which is used in the Hou Hanshu (Book of the Later Han). Yìntèjiā or Indəkka ( 印特伽 ) comes from the Kuchean Indaka , another transliteration of Hindu . A detailed account of Tianzhu is given in the "Xiyu Zhuan" (Record of the Western Regions) in
1541-820: The Indian subcontinent . In 1949, it was adopted as an official name for the Republic of India by the Constituent Assembly along with "India". "Hindustān" is another common name for the Republic of India and is also derived from the name of the river Sindhu. It gained popularity in India in the 11th century in Islamic literature and became the common name for the northern Indian subcontinent in Indian languages, though it has been in Persian usage since at least
1608-501: The Indus River , via Old Persian Hiñd°u . It is thus cognate with the term India. Some historical definitions prior to 1500 are presented below. वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र संततिः ।।" i.e. "The country (varṣam) that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharat." वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र संततिः ।।" i.e. "The country (varṣam) that lies north of
1675-610: The Kannadipuzha and Kalpathipuzha River merge and flow as Bharathappuzha, following a westerly course until it empties into the Lakshadweep Sea at Ponnani . At Mayannur, Gayathripuzha merges with the river. The Thuthapuzha merges with the Nila at Pallippuram . As the Thootha River is rich in water, after its merger, the Nila becomes thicker inflow. The river is not navigable along most of its course except
1742-655: The Phagyul , short for Phags yul , meaning the land of aryas i.e. land of noble, holy, enlightened & superior people who are the source of spiritual enlightenment. Tibetan scholar Gendun Chopel explains that Tibetan word gyagar comes from the Indian sanskrit language word vihāra (buddhist monastery), and the ancient Tibetans applied the term Geysar mainly to the northern and central India region from Kuru (modern Haryana ) to Magadha (modern Bihar ). The Epic of King Gesar , which originally developed around 200 BCE or 300 BCE and about 600 CE, describes India as
1809-521: The " Gyagar: The Kingdom of Buddhist Doctrine ", " Gyagar: The Kingdom of Aru Medicine " ( ayurveda ), " Gyagar: The Kingdom of Pearls " and " Gyagar: The Kingdom of Golden Vases ". The Central Tibetan Administration , often referred to as the Tibetan Government-in-Exile, asserts "Tibet is inextricably linked to India through geography, history, culture, and spiritually, Tibetans refer to India as ‘Gyagar Phagpay Yul’ or ‘India
1876-451: The 17th century onward, and may be due to the influence of Latin, or Spanish or Portuguese. Sanskrit indu "drop (of Soma )", also a term for the Moon , is unrelated, but has sometimes been erroneously connected. The land situated in the east from river Indus is called Indies. In this way Indies is fully interchangeable to India. West Indies was named after India which means India in
1943-547: The 3rd century CE while its earlier form "Hindush" was used as early as 6th century BCE. The term 'Hindu' was the Old Persian adaption of "Sindhu". "Hindustan" is still commonly used in the subcontinent to refer to the modern day Republic of India by Hindustani speakers. The English term is from Greek Indikē (cf. Megasthenes' work Indica ) or Indía ( Ἰνδία ), via Latin transliteration India . The name derives ultimately from Sanskrit Sindhu , which
2010-522: The Arabian Sea. Each in turn has several branches as shown in the diagram. List of the tributaries sorted in order from the mouth heading upstream. Names of India#Bhārata The Republic of India has two principal official short names, each of which is historically significant: India and Bharat . A third name, Hindustan , is also used commonly when Indians speak among themselves. The usage of "Bhārat", " Hindustān ", or "India" depends on
2077-736: The Chinese: Central, Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern India. The monk Xuanzang also referred to India as Wǔ Yìn or "Five Inds". The name Tianzhu and its Sino-Xenic cognates were eventually replaced by terms derived from the Middle Chinese borrowing of * yentu from Kuchean, though a very long time elapsed between that term's first use and its becoming the standard modern name for India in East Asian languages. Pronounced Yìndù ( Chinese : 印度 ) in Chinese, it
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2144-599: The Indian Subcontinent. However, it also can refer to the whole continent of Asia. Both Gyagar ("White expanse", analogous to the names Gyanak for China and Gyaser for Russia) and Phagyul are Tibetan names for India. Ancient Tibetan Buddhist authors and pilgrims used the ethnogeographic referents Gyagar or Gyagar to the south and Madhyadesa ( central land or holy centre) for India. Since at least 13th century, several influential indigenous Tibetan lamas & authors also started to refer to India as
2211-709: The Indian subcontinent and the Republic of India. Bharat is derived from the name of the Vedic community Bharatas , who are mentioned in the Rigveda as one of the original community of the Āryāvarta and notably participating in the Battle of the Ten Kings . The designation Bharat appears in the official Sanskrit name of the country, Bhārat Gaṇarājya . The name is derived from the ancient Hindu Puranas , which refer to
2278-661: The Indus river as well as "an Indian" are found in Herodotus 's Geography. The loss of the aspirate /h/ was probably due to the dialects of Greek spoken in Asia Minor . Herodotus also generalised the term "Indian" from the people of lower Indus basin, to all the people living to the east of Persia, even though he had no knowledge of the geography of the land. By the time of Alexander , Indía in Koine Greek denoted
2345-566: The Malabar region. Azhvanchery Thamprakkal , who were the titular head of all Nambudiri Brahmins of Kerala had their land in Palakkad and later Athavanad - Tirunavaya region, situated on the basin of the river Bharathappuzha. The Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics flourished between 14th and 16th centuries of Common Era in Tirur - Tirunavaya - Triprangode region on the bank of
2412-834: The Naqsh-e-Rustam inscription of Sassanid emperor Shapur I in c. 262 CE. Emperor Babur of the Mughal Empire said, "On the East, the South, and the West it is bounded by the Great Ocean." Hind was notably adapted in the Arabic language as the definitive form Al-Hind ( الهند ) for India, for example, in the 11th-century Tarikh Al-Hind ('History of India'). It occurs intermittently in usage within India, such as in
2479-506: The River Thootha or, simply, Thuthapuzha . Then it goes through Kuttipuram , Tirunavaya , Irimbiliyam , Thavanur , Triprangode , and Ponnani . Thuthapuzha passes through Malappuram-Palakkad district border through Thootha, Elamkulam , and Pulamanthole . Tirur River goes through Athavanad , Tirur , Mangalam , Purathur , Triprangode , and Vettom . The Bharathappuzha is extensively dammed. There are 11 reservoirs along
2546-757: The Sanskrit Sindhu via Persian Hindu and is used since ancient times in China and its peripheries. Its Sino-Xenic reading is Tenjiku in Japanese, Cheonchuk ( 천축 ) in Korean , and Thiên Trúc in Vietnamese . Devout Buddhists in the Sinosphere traditionally used this term and its related forms to designate India as their "heavenly centre", referring to the sacred origins of Buddhism in
2613-403: The banks of Tirur River , which can be described as a tributary of the river Bharathappuzha. Many of the main members of the medieval Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics , including Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri , were also born near Tirur River. Poonthanam Namboothiri and E. M. S. Namboodiripad was born near Perinthalmanna , at the bank of Thootha river, which is another tributary of
2680-579: The context and language of conversation. The name "India" is originally derived from the name of the river Sindhu ( Indus River ) and has been in use in Greek since Herodotus (5th century BCE). The term appeared in Old English by the 9th century and reemerged in Modern English in the 17th century. "Bhārat" gained popularity in India during the nineteenth century. It is the shortened form of
2747-565: The country. Such a change would need a constitutional amendment, meaning two-thirds of the vote in each of the two houses of parliament, and an official notice to the UN, advising how to write the name in the UN's six official languages . The earliest recorded use of Bhārata-varṣa ( lit. ' Bharat mainland ' ) in a geographical sense is in the Hathigumpha inscription of King Kharavela (first century BCE), where it applies only to
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2814-458: The course of the river, and two more are under construction. Malampuzha dam is the largest among the reservoirs built across Bharathapuzha and its tributaries. Other dams in the Bharathapuzha basin are Walayar Dam , Mangalam Dam , Pothundi Dam , Meenkara Dam, Chulliyar Dam, Thirumoorthy , Aliyar , Upper Aliyar, Chitturpuzha regulator and Kanjirapuzha Dam . Most of these reservoirs serve the purpose of irrigation only. A total area of 773 km
2881-411: The first name is more popular. The river meets the Lakshadweep Sea at an 'azhi' ( estuary ), the southern part of which is known as Ponnani and northern part as Padinjarekkara . Thus the river gets the name Ponnani River. After the construction of the famous Kuttippuram bridge over Bharathappuzha to connect Kozhikode with Kochi , the name Kuttippuram River also became familiar. The headwaters of
2948-489: The general name of Shendu, and at this time all are subject to Yuezhi. Yuezhi have killed their kings and established a general in order to rule over their people. The land produces elephants, rhinoceros, tortoise shell, gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, and tin. It communicates to the west with Da Qin and (so) has the exotica of Da Qin. Tianzhu was also referred to as Wǔtiānzhú ( 五天竺 , literally "Five Indias"), because there were five geographical regions in India known to
3015-400: The increased water level during summer. Special note is to be made on the species called 'Vaala' considered to be the king of fresh water fishes. Individual 'Vaala' weighing 5 to 10 kg are now common. Bharathappuzha is the lifeline of Kerala's cultural map. Kerala Kalamandalam , which is a major center for learning Indian performing arts like Kathakali , Koodiyattam and Ottamthullal ,
3082-473: The land of Aryas.’" Dalai Lama reveres India as the guru with Tibet as its chela (shishya or disciple) and "refers to himself the ‘Son of India’ and a true follower of Mahatma Gandhi . He continues to advocate the revival of India's ancient wisdom based on the Nalanda tradition." Tiānzhú ( Chinese : 天竺 originally pronounced * qʰl'iːn tuɡ ) is one of several Chinese transliterations of
3149-500: The land that comprises India as Bhāratavarṣa and uses this term to distinguish it from other varṣa s or continents. For example, the Vayu Purana says " he who conquers the whole of Bhāratavarṣa is celebrated as a samrāṭa (Vayu Puran 45, 86)." The Sanskrit word Bhārata is a vrddhi derivation of Bharata , which was originally an epithet of Agni . The term is a verbal noun of the Sanskrit root bhr-, "to bear/to carry", with
3216-717: The main tributary of Bharathapuzha originates from various parts of the Western Ghats near the Anamailai hill ranges in Tamil Nadu as small rivulets, and flows westward through Palakkad Gap , (also known as Palghat gap) across Palakkad and Malappuram districts of Kerala, with many tributaries joining it, including the Tirur River . For the first 40 km or so, the Bharathappuzha follows an almost northerly course till Pollachi near Coimbatore . At Parli ,
3283-592: The name Indo by then. India is nowadays also called Indo ( 인도 ) in Korean, and Ấn Độ in Vietnamese . Similar to Hindu and Sindhu, the term Yin was used in classical Chinese much like the English Ind . Hodu ( Hebrew : הֹדּוּ Hodû ) is the Biblical Hebrew name for India mentioned in the Book of Esther part of the Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament . In Esther, 1:1 and 8:9, Ahasuerus had been described as King ruling 127 provinces from Hodu (India) to Ethiopia . The term seemingly derives from Sanskrit Sindhu , "great river", i.e.,
3350-468: The name Tenjiku , which was heavily associated with the image of India as a land of Buddhism , was not completely displaced until the early 20th century: scholars such as Soyen Shaku and Seki Seisetsu [ ja ] who travelled to India for pilgrimages to Buddhist historical sites, continued to use the name Tenjiku to emphasise the religious aspect of their travels, though most of their contemporaries (even fellow Buddhist pilgrims) adopted
3417-451: The nexus between the politicians, bureaucrats and these mafias make it extremely difficult to stop this. Organisations which were once very active have now gone on hibernation due to the threat posed by them. Environmentalists have predicted dire consequences and the untimely death of the river within the near future. The wastes from the hospitals and other sources pollute the water. Social networking sites like Facebook have active groups with
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#17327880622613484-424: The ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam; there dwell the descendants of Bharat." Writers throughout history, both Indian and of other nationalities have written about a 'Greater India', which Indians have called either Akhand Bharat or Mahabharat. The official names as set down in article 1 of the Indian constitution are: Cheruthuruthy Cheruthuruthy also known as Vallathol Nagar
3551-478: The old times, Koothambalams are considered very sacred and were built only in temple premises. Kalamandalam is the only exemption where the ‘Koothamabalam’ is not in the temple premises. Kozhimamparambu Bhagavathy temple, Nedumpura Kulasekharanellur Shiva Temple , Nedumpura Chirakkulangara temple, Kaipanchery Narasimhamoorthy temple, Pangavu Siva temple, St. Thomas Church and JumaMosque are some other attractions in Cheruthuruthy. Another place to visit in Cheruthuruthy
3618-457: The phrase Jai Hind ( Hindi : जय हिन्द ) or in Hind Mahāsāgar ( हिन्द महासागर ), the Standard Hindi name for the Indian Ocean . Both the names were current in Persian and Arabic , and from that into northern Indian languages, from the 11th century Islamic conquests : the rulers in the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal periods called their Indian dominion, centered around Delhi , "Hindustan". In contemporary Persian and Hindi - Urdu ,
3685-565: The region beyond the Indus. Alexander's companions were aware of at least India up to the Ganges delta ( Gangaridai ). Later, Megasthenes included in India the southern peninsula as well. Latin India is used by Lucian (2nd century CE). India was known in Old English language and was used in King Alfred 's translation of Paulus Orosius . In Middle English , the name was, under French influence, replaced by Ynde or Inde , which entered Early Modern English as " Indie ". The name "India" then came back to English usage from
3752-487: The river Bharathappuzha. Leading Malayalam writers who were born along its banks include Uroob , Edasseri Govindan Nair , Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri , M. T. Vasudevan Nair , M. Govindan , V. K. N. , O. V. Vijayan , Kuttikrishna Marar , and M. Sukumaran . Late poet P. Kunhiraman Nair , a native of North Malabar, drew literary inspiration from the scenic beauty of the landscape along the Bharatapuzha. Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan and Vallathol Narayana Menon were born at
3819-430: The river Bharathappuzha. There are a number of famous Hindu temples like Thiruvilwamala Temple, Thirunavaya Navamukunda Temple, Vairankode Bhagavathy Temple , Chamravattam AyyappaTemple and Panniyur Sri Varahamurthy Temple on the bank of Nila. Arabi Malayalam script , also known as Ponnani script, was also born out on its bank. Legend says that those cremated on the banks of the Bharathappuzha achieve salvation. It
3886-401: The river. Studies reported that there is a significant dip in the total annual rainfall and significant increase in the annual temperature in the basin. The river now faces significant challenges for its survival. It is predicted that the river may change its course due to the obstruction of the tall grasses and bushes that has grown in the river. Illegal sand mining mafias are very active and
3953-402: The same Bhārata people, who are described as the descendants of Dushyanta 's son Bharata in the Mahabharata . The use of Bharat often has political overtones, appealing to a certain cultural conception of India. In 2023, President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi used the Bharat name in connection with a G20 gathering, which caused speculation on a name-change for
4020-410: The small stretch where it joins the sea. With a watershed of 6,186 km, the Bharathapuzha basin is the largest among all the river basins in Kerala. A little more than two-thirds of this area (4400 km) is within Kerala and the remaining area (1786 km) is in Tamil Nadu. Though Bharathapuzha has a large basin, the water flow is relatively less compared to other long rivers in Kerala because
4087-405: The term "Bhāratavarṣa" which is extensively used in the literature of the native religions . "Bhāratavarṣa" is derived from the name of the Vedic tribe of Bharatas who are mentioned in the Rigveda as one of the principal peoples of Aryavarta (Land of the Aryans). At first the name Bhāratavarṣa referred only to the western part of the Gangetic Valley , but was later more broadly applied to
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#17327880622614154-533: The term Hindustan has recently come to mean the Republic of India. The same is the case with Arabic, where al-Hind is the name for the Republic of India . "Hindustan", as the term Hindu itself, entered the English language in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the term as used in English referred to the Subcontinent. "Hindustan" was in use simultaneously with "India" during the British era . Jambudvīpa ( Sanskrit : जम्बुद्वीप , romanized : Jambu-dvīpa , lit. 'berry island')
4221-422: The western hemisphere. Indonesia 's former name is Dutch East Indies which means India in southeast Asia. East Indies is a former Dutch colony . Bharat is another name of India, as set down in Article 1 of the Constitution, adopted in 1950, which states in English: "India, that is Bharat,..." Bharat, which was predominantly used in Hindi, was adopted as a self-ascribed alternative name by some people of
4288-404: Was first used by the seventh-century monk and traveler Xuanzang . In Japanese for example, the name Indo ( インド , 印度 , or occasionally 印土 ) had been found occasionally in 18th and early 19th-century works, such as Arai Hakuseki 's Sairan Igen (1713) and Yamamura Saisuke [ ja ] 's Indoshi ( 印度志 , a translation of a work by Johann Hübner ). However, the use of
4355-416: Was given by Thunjathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan), Kodumbu-Thiruvalathur, Palakkad , Parli-Kottayi, Mankara-Perigottukurissi, Lakkidi-Thiruvilwamala, Killikkurussimangalam , Ottappalam , Shoranur , Cheruthuruthy , Chelakkara , Pattambi , Thrithala , Thiruvegappura , Kudallur , Pallipuram and Kumbidi . The village of Parudur , including the town of Pallipuram, stands near the confluence of this river and
4422-467: Was the name of the Indus River as well as the lower Indus basin (modern Sindh , in Pakistan). The Old Persian equivalent of Síndhu was Hindu . Darius I conquered Sindh in about 516 BCE, upon which the Persian equivalent Hinduš was used for the province at the lower Indus basin. Scylax of Caryanda who explored the Indus river for the Persian emperor probably took over the Persian name and passed it into Greek. The terms Indos for
4489-399: Was used in ancient scriptures as a name of India before the term Bhārat became widespread. It might be an indirect reference to the Insular India . The derivative Jambu Dwipa was the historical term for India in many Southeast Asian countries before the introduction of the English word "India". This alternate name is still used occasionally in Thailand, Malaysia, Java and Bali to describe
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