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55-513: Bitonto lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) to the west of the city of Bari , near the coast of the Adriatic Sea . The bordering municipalities are Bari , Bitetto , Palo del Colle , Altamura , Toritto , Ruvo di Puglia , Terlizzi , and Giovinazzo . The hamlets ( frazioni ) are Mariotto and Palombaio. The city was founded by the Peucetii , and its inhabitants referred to by

110-677: A three-year siege , ending what remained of the Byzantine power in the region. In 1095, Peter the Hermit preached the first crusade there. In October 1098, Urban II , who had consecrated the Basilica in 1089, convened the Council of Bari , one of a series of synods convoked with the intention of reconciling the Eastern and Western Church on the question of the filioque clause in

165-589: A Byzantine/Slav naval blockade"; "Louis took the credit" for the success, adding "at least in Frankish eyes", then concludes by noting that by remaining in southern Italy long after this success, he "achieved the near-impossible: an alliance against him of the Beneventans, Salernitans, Neapolitans and Spoletans; later sources include Sawadān as well." In 885, Bari became the residence of the local Byzantine catapan , or governor. The failed revolt (1009–1011) of

220-416: A result. He also preserved many tissue samples from autopsied victims at Bari. After World War II, these samples would result in the development of an early form of chemotherapy based on mustard, Mustine . On the orders of Allied leaders Franklin D. Roosevelt , Winston Churchill , and Eisenhower, records were destroyed and the whole affair was kept secret for many years after the war. The U.S. records of

275-541: A tomato sauce, small beef and pork meatballs and halved hard-boiled eggs. The pasta is then topped with mozzarella or similar cheese and then baked in the oven to make the dish have its trademark crispy texture. Another popular pasta dish is the spaghetti all'assassina . It is a slightly crunchy spaghetti dish, cooked in an iron pan with garlic, olive oil, chili pepper, tomato sauce and tomato broth. Fresh fish and seafood are often eaten raw. Octopus, sea urchins and mussels feature heavily. Perhaps Bari's most famous dish

330-583: Is 8 kilometres (5 miles) away from the international Karol Wojtyła Airport of Bari . Around Bitonto, there is a ring road resembling a near perfect circle, from which only the easternmost portion is missing [1] . The local association football club is the U.S. Bitonto , and its home ground is the Città degli Ulivi Stadium . Bitonto is twinned with: Bari Bari ( / ˈ b ɑːr i / BAR -ee ; Italian: [ˈbaːri] ; Barese : Bare [ˈbæːrə] ; Latin : Barium )

385-548: Is a criminal lawyer, and include many descriptions of the town. Beat Onto Jazz Festival Beat Onto Jazz Festival is a jazz festival held annually in Bitonto , Italy since 2001. It is held on the main piazza of the town next to the cathedral. The Alberto Parmegiani Quartet performed in 2016. This jazz festival article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about culture in Italy

440-457: Is a sprawl of streets and passageways making up the section of the city to the north of the modern Murat area. A large-scale redevelopment plan began with a new sewerage system, followed by the development of the two main squares, Piazza Mercantile and Piazza Ferrarese. As of 2019 , there were 316,491 people residing in Bari (about 1.6 million lived in the greater Bari area in 2015), located in

495-435: Is also a "Fair of Nations" which displays handcrafted and locally produced goods from all over the world. Bari's cuisine is based on three typical agricultural products found within the surrounding region of Apulia, namely wheat, olive oil and wine. The local cuisine is also enriched by the wide variety of fruit and vegetables produced locally. Local flour is used in homemade bread and pasta production including, most notably,

550-454: Is also divided into 17 official neighbourhoods (" quartieri "). The Basilica di San Nicola (Saint Nicholas) was founded in 1087 to receive the relics of this saint, which were brought from Myra in Lycia , and now lie beneath the altar in the crypt . The church is one of the four Palatine churches of Apulia (the others being the cathedrals of Acquaviva delle Fonti and Altamura , and

605-717: Is at present, and was the centre of a fishery. The first historical bishop of Bari was Gervasius who was noted at the Council of Sardica in 347. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, it was invaded by Barbarians and occupied by the Ostrogoths . It was taken from them by the Byzantine Empire during the Gothic wars and disputed for the following two centuries with the Lombards of

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660-517: Is employed in services, with 45.6%. From 1958 to 1982, around 20% of migrants left Bari for other Italian communes, while around 17% or migrants came to Bari from other Italian communes. Under 2% of migrants left Bari to go abroad and came to the city from abroad. The Fiera del Levante, held in September in the Fiera site on the west side of Bari city center, focuses on agriculture and industry. There

715-741: Is exported to America and elsewhere in Europe. The city also produces wine, beer, cereals, almonds, and textiles. Recently, Bitonto has also become a popular tourist destination. It has hosted the Beat Onto Jazz Festival since 2001. Bitonto is not directly connected to the Italian national railway system ( FS ). However, it is serviced by an electric rail line, the Bari–Barletta , operated privately by Ferrotramviaria , and counts two stations: Bitonto and Bitonto Santi Medici . Bitonto

770-517: Is no evidence that a Lombard gastaldo had his seat at Bitonto, Lombard customs and law insinuated themselves deeply in local social fabric. During the 9th century, Bitonto successfully withstood a Saracen raid, in which the besiegers' leader was killed beneath the city's walls Bitonto took part in the revolt of Melus of Bari in 1009. In the Middle Ages Bitonto was a fief of several baronial families, before it passed permanently in

825-542: Is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region , on the Adriatic Sea , southern Italy . It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples . It is a port and university city as well as the city of Saint Nicholas . The city itself has a population of 315,284 inhabitants, and an area of over 116 square kilometres (45 sq mi), while

880-541: Is the largest urban and metro area on the Adriatic . It is located in Southern Italy , at a more northerly latitude than Naples , further south than Rome . Bari has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ) bordering on a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ) with mild winters and hot, dry summers. Bari is divided into five municipalities ( Municipi ), constituted in 2014. The municipality

935-555: Is the most important art gallery in Apulia. It was first established in 1928 and contains many paintings from the 15th century up to the days of contemporary art. The Russian Church of Saint Nicholas , in the Carrassi district of Bari, was built in the early 20th century to welcome Russian pilgrims who came to the city to visit the church of Saint Nicholas in the old city where the relics of the saint remain. Barivecchia , or Old Bari,

990-508: Is the oven-baked patate, riso e cozze (potatoes with rice and mussels). Bari and the whole Apulian region have a range of wines, including Primitivo , Castel del Monte , and Muscat , notably Moscato di Trani . The dialect of Bari belongs to the upper-southern Italo-Romance family, and currently coexists with Italian; generally these are used in different contexts. Local football club S.S.C. Bari , currently competing in Serie B (as of

1045-667: Is the subject of two books: the aforementioned Disaster at Bari , by Glenn B. Infield, and Nightmare in Bari: The World War II Liberty Ship Poison Gas Disaster and Coverup , by Gerald Reminick. In 1988, through the efforts of Nick T. Spark , U.S. Senators Dennis DeConcini and Bill Bradley , Stewart Alexander received recognition from the Surgeon General of the United States Army for his actions during

1100-634: The Bourbons . On September 6, 1928 the village of the Holy Spirit, the only access to the coast and the subject of border disputes between the two cities since the Thirteenth century, it passed to the municipality of Bari. The territory stolen had a surface area of about 16 square kilometers. The city includes a medieval burg and a modern area. The main landmarks include: Bitonto is well known for its production of extra virgin olive oil , which

1155-776: The Duchy of Benevento , who made it a steward. Throughout this period, and indeed throughout the Middle Ages, Bari served as one of the major slave depots of the Mediterranean, providing a central location for the trade in Slavic slaves. The slaves were mostly captured by Venice from Dalmatia , by the Holy Roman Empire from what is now Eastern Germany and Poland , and by the Byzantines from elsewhere in

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1210-484: The Emirate of Bari ; the city was captured by its first emirs Kalfun in 847, who had been part of the mercenary garrison installed there by Radelchis I of Benevento . The city was conquered and the emirate extinguished in 871 following five-year campaign by Frankish Emperor Louis II , assisted by a Byzantine fleet. Chris Wickham states Louis spent five years campaigning to reduce then occupy Bari, "and then only to

1265-470: The Italian Peninsula . Over 20 Allied ships were sunk in the overcrowded harbour, including the U.S. Liberty ship John Harvey , which was carrying mustard gas ; mustard gas was also reported to have been stacked on the quayside awaiting transport (the chemical agent was intended for retaliation if German forces had initiated chemical warfare). The presence of the gas was highly classified and

1320-756: The Liber Colonis of Frontinus, in the Antonine Itinerary and other Imperial itineraries, and the Tabula Peutingeriana , a post where fresh horses were to be had for travellers on the Via Traiana for Brundisium . The foundations of a Paleochristian basilica came to light in excavations beneath the cathedral's crypt, but no written evidence survives of an established diocese in the Early Middle Ages . Though there

1375-528: The Napoleonic era , began a new urbanization, changing the face of the city and setting a new "chessboard" growth model, which continued for many years to come. The village built at the time on the outskirts of the old city still retains its name. Modern plumbing arrived in the city of Bari on 24 April 1915: it was the first cry of the Apulian Aqueduct. During the 1930s, Araldo di Crollalanza ,

1430-466: The 2024–2025 season), plays in the Stadio San Nicola , an architecturally innovative 58,000-seater stadium purpose-built for the 1990 FIFA World Cup . The stadium also hosted the 1991 European Cup final . In 2007, Bari hosted the first and only world games for underwater sports . Bari has its own airport, Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport , which is located 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of

1485-494: The Apulia region. Bari has an old fishery port ( Porto Vecchio ) and a so-called new port in the north, as well as some marinas. The Port of Bari is an important cargo transport hub to Southeast Europe . Various passenger transport lines include some seasonal ferry lines to Albania , Montenegro or Dubrovnik . Bari – Igoumenitsa is a popular ferry route to Greece. Some cruise ships call at Bari. The Guido Guerrieri novels by Gianrico Carofiglio are set in Bari, where Guerrieri

1540-838: The Balkans, and were generally destined for other parts of the Byzantine Empire and (most frequently) the Muslim states surrounding the Mediterranean: the Abbasid Caliphate , the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba , the Emirate of Sicily , and the Fatimid Caliphate (which relied on Slavs purchased at the Bari market for its legions of Sakalaba Mamluks ). For 20 years, Bari was the centre of

1595-596: The Barese culinary repertoire. Vegetable minestrone, chick peas, broad beans , chicory, celery and fennel are also often served as first courses or side dishes . Meat dishes and the local Barese ragù often include lamb and pork. Pasta al forno , a baked pasta dish, is very popular in Bari and was historically a Sunday dish, or a dish used at the start of Lent when all the rich ingredients such as eggs and pork had to be used for religious reasons. The recipe commonly consists of penne or similar tubular pasta shapes,

1650-465: The Bari disaster. The port of Bari was again struck by disaster on 9 April 1945 when the Liberty ship Charles Henderson exploded in the harbour while offloading 2,000 tons of aerial bombs (half of that amount had been offloaded when the explosion occurred). Three hundred and sixty people were killed and 1,730 were wounded. The harbour was again rendered non-operational, this time for a month. Bari

1705-592: The Creed, which Anselm ably defended, seated at the pope 's side. A long period of decline characterized the city under the dominations of Aldoino Filangieri di Candida , and those of the Kings of Naples , which held the control of the entire mainland Southern Italy from 1282 to 1806. This decline was interrupted, however, by the splendor under the Sforzas , first with the dukes Ludovico and Beatrice d'Este , then with

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1760-506: The Greek settlers of the region as Butontinoi , an ethnonym of uncertain derivation. According to one tradition, the city was named after Botone, an Illyrian king. Its first city wall can be dated to the fifth to fourth centuries BC; traces remain in the foundations of the Norman walling. Similarities of coinage suggest that Bitonto was under the hegemony of Spartan Tarentum , but bearing

1815-605: The Lombard nobles Melus of Bari and his brother-in-law Dattus, against the Byzantine governorate, though it was firmly repressed at the Battle of Cannae (1018) , offered their Norman adventurer allies a first foothold in the region. In 1025, under the Archbishop Byzantius , Bari became attached to the see of Rome and was granted " provincial " status. In 1071, Bari was captured by Robert Guiscard , following

1870-506: The U.S. had not informed the British military authorities in the city of its existence. This increased the number of fatalities, since British physicians—who had no idea that they were dealing with the effects of mustard gas—prescribed treatment proper for those suffering from exposure and immersion, which proved fatal in many cases. Because rescuers were unaware they were dealing with gas casualties, many additional casualties were caused among

1925-513: The attack were declassified in 1959, but the episode remained obscure until 1967, when writer Glenn B. Infield exposed the story in his book Disaster at Bari . Additionally, there is considerable dispute as to the exact number of fatalities. In one account: "[S]ixty-nine deaths were attributed in whole or in part to the mustard gas, most of them American merchant seamen". Others put the count as high as "more than one thousand Allied servicemen and more than one thousand Italian civilians". The affair

1980-488: The background and behavior of a sample of 211 return migrants to Bari, Italy. Bari is a port city, making it historically important because of its strong trade links with Greece, North Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean. Bari's economic structure is based on industry, commerce, services, and administration. Around two-thirds of the city's employment is in the tertiary sector with its port, commerce, and administrative functions. The highest percentage of Bari's working population

2035-460: The cargo carried by the John Harvey , and most victims suffered atypical symptoms caused by exposure to mustard diluted in water and oil (as opposed to airborne), Alexander rapidly concluded that mustard gas was present. Although he could not get any acknowledgement of this from the chain of command, Alexander convinced medical staffs to treat patients for mustard exposure and saved many lives as

2090-581: The centre of Bari. It is connected to the centre by train services from Bari Aeroporto railway station . Bari Central Station lies on the Adriatic railway and has connection to cities such as Rome , Milan , Bologna , Turin and Venice . Another mainline is connection southwards by the Bari-Taranto railway . The Bari metropolitan railway service operates local commuter services; while regional services also operate to Foggia , Barletta , Brindisi , Lecce , Taranto and other towns and villages in

2145-594: The church of Monte Sant'Angelo sul Gargano). Bari Cathedral , dedicated to Saint Sabinus of Canosa ( San Sabino ), was begun in Byzantine style in 1034, but was destroyed in the sack of the city of 1156. A new building was thus built between 1170 and 1178, partially inspired by that of San Nicola. Of the original edifice, only traces of the pavement are today visible in the transept . The Petruzzelli Theatre , founded in 1903, hosted different forms of live entertainment, or nineteenth century "Politeama". The theatre

2200-664: The city walls. In addition, the outer suburbs developed rapidly during the 1990s. Bari itself known in antiquity as Barium , was a harbour of the Iapygian Peuceti . The authors of the Etymologicum Magnum have preserved an etymology by authors of antiquity about Barium , which they explain as the word "house" in Messapic . The city had strong Greek influences before the Roman era. In ancient Greek , it

2255-419: The city's castle, as evidenced by an inscription in bronze letters on the cornice around the courtyard, as well as building several churches, a monastery, two water cisterns and made many donations to the monks of the Basilica of San Nicola. Bona Sforza died in the city in 1557. Following her death, the city of Bari came under the direct rule of the kings of Naples. In 1813, Joachim Murat , King of Naples in

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2310-520: The duchesses Isabella of Aragon and Bona Sforza . Bari also underwent Venetian domination, which led to the expansion of the port and a very prosperous period, also favored by the trade of inland products, which were in great demand on foreign markets. In 1556, Princess Bona Sforza of Aragon, second wife of the King of Poland Sigismund I , left Poland and settled in Bari, whose principality she had inherited from her parents. During her reign, she fortified

2365-478: The famous orecchiette ear-shaped pasta, recchietelle or strascinate , chiancarelle (orecchiette of different sizes) and cavatelli . Homemade dough is also used for baked calzoni stuffed with onions, anchovies, capers, olives, etc.; fried panzerotti with mozzarella and/or ricotta forte ; focaccia alla barese with tomatoes, olives and oregano; little savoury taralli , and larger friselle ; and sgagliozze , fried slices of polenta; all making up

2420-687: The marquessate of Ugento, which he subsequently lost. In 1552 the citizens paid for the city's freedom the considerable sum of 66,000  ducats . In 1734, during the War of Polish Succession , the Spanish army under Charles of Bourbon and the Duke of Montemar defeated the Austrians under Giuseppe Antonio, Prince of Belmonte at the Battle of Bitonto , thus securing possession of the Kingdom of Naples for

2475-567: The mayor and minister of Bari, oversaw the development of its modern waterfront. On 11 September 1943, in connection with the Armistice of Cassibile , Bari was taken without resistance by the British 1st Airborne Division , then during October and November 1943, New Zealand troops from the 2nd New Zealand Division assembled in Bari. The Balkan Air Force supporting the Yugoslav partisans

2530-727: The numismatic legend BITONTINON . Later, having been a Roman ally in the Samnite Wars , the civitas Butuntinenses became a Roman municipium , preserving its former laws and self-government and venerating its divine protectress, whom the Romans identified by interpretatio romana as Minerva ; the site sacred to her is occupied by the Church of San Pietro in Vincoli. As a city of the Late Roman Empire, Bitonto figures in

2585-564: The population of Bari grew by 2.69 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56 percent. The current birth rate of Bari is 8.67 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. As of 2015 , 3.8% of the population was foreign residents. According to an urban migration study in Bari, return migration gain to urban areas is higher than migration loss from urban areas. People migrating from urban destinations tend to migrate to different places in comparison to people migrating from rural areas. These findings are based on

2640-436: The province of Bari, Apulia , of whom 47.9% were male and 52.1% were female. As of 2007 , minors (children ages 18 and younger) totaled 17.90 percent of the population compared to pensioners who number 19.08 percent. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06 percent (minors) and 19.94 percent (pensioners). The average age of Bari residents is 42 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007,

2695-513: The rescuers, through contact with the contaminated skin and clothing of those more directly exposed to the gas. A member of U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower 's medical staff, Stewart F. Alexander, was dispatched to Bari following the raid. Alexander had trained at the Army's Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland, and was familiar with some of the effects of mustard gas. Although he was not informed of

2750-472: The south is the Murat quarter (erected by Joachim Murat ), the modern heart of the city, which is laid out on a rectangular grid-plan with a promenade on the sea and the major shopping district (the via Sparano and via Argiro ). Modern residential zones surrounding the centre of Bari were built during the 1960s and 1970s replacing the old suburbs that had developed along roads splaying outwards from gates in

2805-565: The thirteenth century to the Acquaviva, who took their name from their stronghold at Acquaviva delle Fonti : The Acquaviva were later dukes of Atri, and their minor signory of Bitonto was raised to a marquisate in 1464 by the King of Naples, Ferrante di Aragona in favour of Giovanni Antonio Acquaviva; on his premature death it passed to his brother, the successful and cultivated condottiero Andrea Matteo Acquaviva , who exchanged it in 1487 for

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2860-585: The urban area has 750,000 inhabitants. The metropolitan area has 1.3 million inhabitants. Bari is made up of four different urban sections. To the north is the closely built old town on the peninsula between two modern harbours, with the Basilica of Saint Nicholas , the Cathedral of San Sabino (1035–1171) and the Norman-Swabian Castle , which is now also a major nightlife district. To

2915-469: Was all but destroyed in a fire on October 27, 1991. It was reopened in October 2009, after 18 years. The Norman-Hohenstaufen Castle, widely known as the Castello Svevo (Swabian Castle), was built by Roger II of Sicily around 1131. Destroyed in 1156, it was rebuilt by Frederick II of Hohenstaufen . The castle now serves as a gallery for a variety of temporary exhibitions in the city. The Pinacoteca Provinciale di Bari (Provincial Picture Gallery of Bari)

2970-433: Was based at Bari. Through a tragic coincidence intended by neither of the opposing sides in World War II , Bari gained the unwelcome distinction of being the only European city in the course of that war to experience effects like those of chemical warfare . On the night of 2 December 1943, 105 German Junkers Ju 88 bombers attacked the port of Bari, which was a key supply centre for Allied forces fighting their way up

3025-422: Was known as Βάριον . In the 3rd century BC, it became part of the Roman Republic and was subsequently Romanized. The city developed strategic significance as the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana and as a port for eastward trade; a branch road to Tarentum led from Barium. Its harbour, mentioned as early as 181 BC, was probably the principal one of the districts in ancient times, as it

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