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27-1261: Biblioteca Nacional (Spanish or Portuguese: National Library ) may refer to: Biblioteca Nacional de Chile , in Chile Biblioteca Nacional de España , in Spain Biblioteca Nacional del Perú , in Peru Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal , in Portugal Biblioteca Nacional de la República Argentina , in Argentina Biblioteca Nacional "Miguel Obregón Lizano" , in Costa Rica Fundação Biblioteca Nacional , in Brazil See also [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Biblioteca Nacional All pages with titles containing Biblioteca nacional List of national and state libraries Topics referred to by

54-474: A considerable debt to the social contract theorists of the Enlightenment. Henríquez, as Quirino Lemachez, declared that since none of the patriots or their forebears had consented to a political pact with Spain, they should establish an independent government. The essay contained hints of early Chilean nationalism, claiming that "some day one would speak of the republic, the power of Chile, the majesty of

81-627: A fellow student, who would later become a prominent member of the first independent government of Peru and ambassador to Chile; throughout his stay in Lima, Henríquez frequented literary circles, associating with local socialites . In 1809, Henríquez was arrested and interrogated by the Spanish Inquisition . Miguel Luis Amunátegui notes that Henríquez was always secretive about the reasons for his incarceration, and that claims about it made by historians are speculative in nature. However,

108-615: A printing press bought from the United States. The first issue was published on February 13, 1812. During this period, in which Henríquez was serving as a senator, he produced the drama " La Procesión de los Tontos " (The Procession of the Fools"). Due to the censorship of the administration of José Miguel Carrera , the Monitor Araucano ( Araucanian Monitor ) began publication under the direction of Camilo Henríquez as

135-680: A substitute for La Aurora , and their first issue was published on April 17, 1813. He also published the Catecismo de los patriotas (“Catechism of the Patriots”) in the Monitor . The Proclama de Quirino Lemachez was one of the most important early revolutionary essays promoting Chilean independence. The proclamation became representative of the rising popularity of independence among the educated Creole elite in Chile. Henríquez' philosophy bears

162-548: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Biblioteca Nacional de Chile The National Library of Chile ( Spanish : Biblioteca Nacional de Chile ) is the national library of Chile . It is located on the Avenida Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins in Santiago , in a building completed in 1925, though its history reaches to

189-644: The La Gaceta de Buenos Aires ( The Buenos Aires Gazette ) and El Censor ( The Censor ), and he reportedly studied mathematics and medicine while in exile. After the Reconquista , Henríquez returned to Chile at Bernardo O'Higgins ' request and returned to working for newspapers in Santiago. Henríquez was named librarian of the National Library of Chile and was in charge of the editing of

216-598: The La Gazeta Ministerial de Chile ( Ministerial Gazette of Chile ) and another other bulletin about the administration of the country which was the precursor to the El Mercurio ( The Mercury ) of Chile. In 1823, he was an interim deputy for Chiloé and afterwards served as an interim and then fully titular deputy for Copiapó in 1824. During this time, Henríquez was a part of the nine-member senado conservador (conservative senate) created to advise

243-884: The Archivo Nacional de Chile (the National Archive). Adjoining the building is the Santa Lucía metro station , and to the east is Cerro Santa Lucía . The interior, spread out over two main levels and a basement, has been embellished and decorated with carved marble staircases, sculptures and paintings from some of the country's classic artists, such as Alfredo Helsby and Arturo Gordon . The Biblioteca Nacional has an extensive and valuable collection of books and manuscripts. Several of these were acquired from or donated by their owners, making up an important national historical treasure. The most important collections include: Camilo Henr%C3%ADquez Henríquez

270-587: The Proclama de Quirino Lemachez, ( Proclamation of Quirino Lemachez ) under a pseudonym created with an anagram of his name. In this influential essay, he argued for the support of pro-independence candidates in the next election for the First National Congress ( Primer Congreso Nacional ). His literature instantly catapulted him into the national consciousness, even though his true identity had not yet been made public. Despite his forays into

297-712: The Universidad de Chile , until it gained autonomy in 1852. In 1913, upon its 100th anniversary, the Biblioteca Nacional acquired the Monasterio de Santa Clara , located on the Alameda de las Delicias on present-day Cerro Santa Lucía . At the creation in 1929, the library was made into a dependency of the Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos . Since 1925, Biblioteca Nacional has been situated in

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324-684: The president of the senate in 1813 as part of a two-year stint in the senate (1813–14). He authored several laws, including those that highlighted the Reglamento Constitucional Provisorio de 1812 and protection of the indigenous people. Henríquez' brother, José Manuel, was killed during the Disaster of Rancagua , defending one of the trenches of the plaza Rancagua After the Disaster of Rancagua ( Desastre de Rancagua ), Henríquez fled to Mendoza , and would later escape to Buenos Aires. There, Henríquez contributed to

351-572: The " Buena Muerte" ), where, notably, he was taught by Friar Isidoro de Celis, an author of works on logic, mathematics, and physics, and a strong proponent of science, rationality, and humanism . After presenting proof of his limpieza de sangre (pure Christian blood), Henríquez joined the Order of Buena Muerte as a novice on January 17, 1787, and was officially ordained as a priest on January 28, 1790. Henríquez then cloistered himself to continue his studies. There he befriended José Cavero y Salazar ,

378-465: The Chilean people," and caught the attention of many European readers, where it was reprinted. La Aurora de Chile , Chile's first newspaper and first printing operation of any kind, issued its first February 13, 1812, with Camilo Henríquez as editor. He used the newspaper to advocate for revolutionary values and to champion the new spirit of education and reason that he believed came with it. He opened

405-506: The Order of Buena Muerte sent Henríquez to Quito to found a new convent for the order. After his order sent him to Quito , Henríquez became a witness to the violence of the royalists in 1809. Henríquez wrote about these experiences in what would become the more famous of his two plays, Camila o la Patriota de Sud América ( Camila, or the Patriot of South America ). In 1811, he returned to Chile and became involved in politics. He wrote

432-554: The centre of Santiago, Chile . It was formerly located in the square where now stands the Teatro Municipal de Santiago ( Municipal Theater of Santiago ). Construction of the present building began in 1913. It was commissioned as one of the commemorative public works in honour of the first centenary of the independence of Chile. The building boasts an imposing façade of columns and arches, of very pronounced French neoclassical influence. The library shares its building with

459-538: The early nineteenth century before it was relocated to its current home. The Biblioteca Nacional is, together with the Instituto Nacional and a small number of institutions, one of the first institutions created by the newly formed Republic of Chile in the Patria Vieja period. In the newspaper El Monitor Araucano , a Proclama de Fundación ("Proclamation of Foundation") of the Biblioteca Nacional

486-531: The first issue with "We now have in our possession the great and prescient instrument of universal enlightenment, the printing press...After the sad and insufferable silence of three centuries—centuries of infamy and lamentation !—the voice of reason and truth will be heard amongst us..." Henríquez described himself as an educator and philosopher, and his publications frequently reflected revolutionary political ideals and Enlightenment notions, especially Rousseauian, of freedom and liberty. Henríquez

513-482: The government, and started to receive important collections. The Supreme Director of Chile , Bernardo O'Higgins , named professor Manuel de Salas as the first director of the Biblioteca Nacional. In 1822 Friar Camilo Henríquez (director of the Aurora de Chile newspaper) was named as the second head librarian. Since its creation, the library had been a dependency of the Universidad de San Felipe and its successor,

540-579: The most commonly cited explanation for this is that he was reading, or in possession of, banned books. Henríquez had been heavily influenced by French Enlightenment philosophy in his early life, and he began to read literature that had previously been banned by the Spanish government. While in Lima , Henríquez, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau 's Social Contract and Louis-Sébastien Mercier 's L'An 2440, rêve s'il en fut . After his release, his superiors in

567-459: The political arena, Henríquez was perhaps most famous for his lifelong promotion of and contributions to newspapers. He wrote for numerous periodicals and edited at least 10 newspapers in Santiago and Buenos Aires during his lifetime. On January 16, 1812, Henríquez became the first editor of the La Aurora de Chile ( The Dawn of Chile ). La Aurora was the first newspaper in Chile, and used

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594-544: The revolt) only allowance before his execution the next day was receiving the Sacrament of Confession from the local priest, Henríquez himself. In the First National Congress, Henríquez was an interim deputy for Puchacay . He also gave a sermon on the mass at the inauguration of the sessions at Congress, in which he argued that the church authorize Congress to create a national constitution. He became

621-434: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Biblioteca Nacional . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional&oldid=822706615 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

648-399: Was born in a house that belonged to his grandmother Margarita de Castro, located on what is now Yungay street in the city of Valdivia , Chile . His parents were Rosa González y Castro (1747–1798) and Félix Henríquez y Santillán (1745–1798), a former Spanish infantry captain. Although a native of Valdivia, Henríquez spent much of his youth away from the city. When he was nine years old, he

675-559: Was brought to Santiago de Chile for the start of his formal education at the Convictorio Carolino . In 1784, at the age of fifteen, Henríquez was sent to study in Lima under the direction of his maternal uncle, Juan Nepomuceno González, a member of the Order of Ministros de los Enfermos Agonizantes de San Camilo de Lelis . While in Lima, he was educated at a convent of his uncle's Order (usually referred to as simply

702-471: Was one of the most outspoken agitators for Chilean independence, and both with his polemical publications and his career in politics, he became one of the most prominent early national leaders. After the takeover of power by the local revolutionary junta from the Spanish governors, Henríquez was part of the patriot force that put down the counterrevolutionary Motín de Figueroa ( Figueroa mutiny ) on April 1, 1811. Ironically, Tomás de Figueroa's (the leader of

729-406: Was published on August 19, 1813. With this vision, a call was made to all the citizens to submit their books for the formation of one great public library. As with other republican institutions, the library was closed after the Disaster of Rancagua , in which the national troops were defeated by the army of the realistas . With the victorious Battle of Chacabuco , it was reopened and supported by

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