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66-656: Bicol express , known natively in Bikol as sinilihan ( lit.   ' spiced with chili ' ), is a popular Filipino dish which was popularized in the district of Malate, Manila , but made in traditional Bicolano style. It is a stew made from long chili peppers ( siling haba in Tagalog ) or small chili peppers ( siling labuyo in Tagalog ), coconut milk / coconut cream ( kakang gata in Tagalog ), shrimp paste ( bagoong alamang in Tagalog ) or stockfish , onion , pork , ginger and garlic . The dish

132-412: A taro leave bundle and then simmered under the kakanggata ( coconut cream ). Beef is another meat replacement that can be cooked with in the creation of a Bicol express meal. The dish uses the same preparation process as the original Bicol express method. However, the beef is not as tender as the pork chunks, though it can be prepared and cooked faster in the pan than the pork . Pinakbet

198-639: A common cause of illness, Yersinia enterocolitica —which causes gastroenteritis—is present in various foods, but is most frequently caused by eating uncooked or undercooked pork and can grow in refrigerated conditions. The bacteria can be killed by heat. Nearly all outbreaks in the US have been traced to pork. Pork may be the reservoir responsible for sporadic, locally acquired cases of acute hepatitis E (HEV) reported in regions with relatively mild climates. It has been found to transmit between swine and humans. Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, or trichiniasis,

264-492: A longer period of time. See Bicol for full etymology . The name derives originally from the spelling systems of Spanish and then integrated with the spelling systems of English . There were three types of Spanish derivatives of Bicol; 'Vicor', 'Vicol', and 'Bico', because the Spanish did not distinguish /b/ and /v/ in their pronunciation. The Bicol express dish had been formally termed by Laguna native, Cely Kalaw, as

330-555: A part of the USDA, currently recommends cooking ground pork to 71 °C (160 °F) and whole cuts to 63 °C (145 °F) followed by a 3-minute rest. Pigs can be carriers of various helminths , such as roundworms , pinworms , hookworms . One of the more common is Taenia solium , a type of tapeworm , which may transplant to the intestines of humans after consuming undercooked meat. Raw and undercooked pork can also cause other diseases, such as toxoplasmosis . Although not

396-663: A pork menu option because Muslims, Jews and Hindus do not consume pork and it had seemed inconsistent with the purpose of bringing together persons of different faiths, though after the complaints raised by the Orthodox community a pork alternative was added. Pork is known to carry some diseases such as pork tapeworm and trichinosis and pigbel , thus uncooked or undercooked pork can be dangerous to consume, although raw pork products are sometimes still consumed in Central European and Eastern European countries of which

462-687: A result of her cooking competition experience in the 1970s at Malate, Manila . She created this new dish derived from rendang that existed in the Philippines since the Sulu Sultanate era in response to her customers' high interests for a spicy and sizzling Taro dish. While trying to determine a name for the dish, Kalaw's brother heard the sound of the Philippines National Railway traveling across Kalaw's restaurant to arrive Manila . This event inspired Kalaw to name

528-467: A significant non-Muslim population. The Qur'anic basis for the Islamic prohibition of pork can be found in surah 2:173 , 5:3 , 6:145 and 16:115 . He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion , blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—they will not be sinful. Surely Allah

594-474: A succulent finish. Many brands of American hot dogs and most breakfast sausages are made from pork. Processing of pork into sausages and other products in France is described as charcuterie . Ham and bacon are made from fresh pork by curing with salt ( pickling ) or smoking . Shoulders and legs are most commonly cured in this manner for Picnic shoulder and ham , whereas streaky and round bacon come from

660-520: A wide variety of cuts and flavours, and is predominantly known as "streaky bacon", or "streaky rashers". Bacon made from the meat on the back of the pig is referred to as " back bacon " and is part of traditional full breakfasts commonly eaten in Britain and Ireland . In the United States, back bacon may also be referred to as "Canadian-style Bacon" or "Canadian Bacon". The canned meat Spam

726-600: Is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Forbidden to you are carrion , blood, and swine; what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah; what is killed by strangling, beating, a fall, or by being gored to death; what is partly eaten by a predator unless you slaughter it; and what is sacrificed on altars . You are also forbidden to draw lots for decisions. This is all evil. Today the disbelievers have given up all hope of ˹undermining˺ your faith. So do not fear them; fear Me! Today I have perfected your faith for you, completed My favour upon you, and chosen Islam as your way. But whoever

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792-523: Is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion, blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. While most Christians do consume pork, some sects prohibit it based on Leviticus chapter 11, Deuteronomy chapter 14, and Isaiah chapters 65 and 66. Some denominations that forbid pork consumption are: When pork

858-404: Is a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork infected with the larvae of a species of roundworm Trichinella spiralis , commonly called the trichina worm. Infection was once very common, but is now rare in the developed world . From 2002 to 2007, an annual average of 11 cases per year were reported in the United States; the majority were from consuming wild game or the source

924-569: Is a pescatarian alternative for the Bicol express dish. This dish originates from the Ilocano community and they use Vegetables to replace the pork chunk component of the meal. These Vegetables are bok choy ( pechay in Tagalog ) and the shoots of sweet potatoes ( camote tops in Filipino lingo ). The seafood component of this dish is the incorporation of alamang ( shrimp ) into

990-532: Is a "flitch" or "slab bacon", while an individual slice of bacon is a "rasher" (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom) or simply a "slice" or "strip" (North America). Slices of bacon are also known as " collops ". Traditionally, the skin is left on the cut and is known as "bacon rind". Rindless bacon, however, is quite common. In both Ireland and the United Kingdom , bacon comes in

1056-495: Is a national delicacy. China was the largest producer of pork in the world in 2020 followed by the European Union and the United States. China, EU and the United States accounted for roughly 76% of the world's pork production as per FAS / USDA Pork may be cooked from fresh meat or cured over time. Cured meat products include ham and bacon . The carcass may be used in many different ways for fresh meat cuts , with

1122-422: Is compelled by extreme hunger—not intending to sin—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden to eat except carrion, running blood, swine—which is impure—or a sinful offering in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely your Lord

1188-607: Is currently one of the vegetarian variants of the Bicol express dish. As time progressed, variants of the Bicol express dish expanded with seafood , beef , pescatarian , vegetarian , vegan , and other versions. The preparations for these dishes vary according to the meat present within the dish. In terms of nutritional value, the original version of the Bicol express dish is beneficial in protein but unhealthy in regards to its high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol. The dish has moved into food processing and commercial production so that it can be sold conveniently and stored for

1254-454: Is lower than that of beef, but much higher than that of chicken, so the USDA treats pork as a red meat . In 1987, the U.S. National Pork Board began an advertising campaign to position pork as " the other white meat "—due to a public perception of chicken and turkey (white meat) as healthier than red meat. The campaign was highly successful and resulted in 87% of consumers identifying pork with

1320-414: Is made of chopped pork shoulder meat and ham. Due to the fact that pigs can eat unused food originally meant for humans, and due to the high availability of such food in many industrialized countries, pork and other products from pigs have become securely sourced and low-priced commodities. This makes pig products very popular as raw material in many industrially produced products. Its myoglobin content

1386-517: Is one of these variations. The tilapia is boiled under the katang gata ( coconut cream ) and vinegar , and mixed with siling labuyo , onion and garlic . The dish differentiates from the Bicol express Tilapia as there is vinegar added into the Ginataang to provide it a more sour flavour. A more unique example is the Kinunot na Pating , or Kinunot for short. This dish is similar to

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1452-399: Is preferred over beef for economic and aesthetic reasons; the pig is easy to feed and is not used for labour. The colours of the meat and the fat of pork are regarded as more appetizing, while the taste and smell are described as sweeter and cleaner. It is also considered easier to digest. In rural tradition, pork is shared to celebrate important occasions and to form bonding. In China, pork

1518-464: Is so important that the nation maintains a "strategic pork reserve". Red braised pork ( hong shao rou ), a delicacy from Hunan Province , was one of Mao Zedong 's favorite dishes. Other popular Chinese pork dishes are sweet and sour pork, bakkwa , and charsiu . In the Philippines , due to 300 years of Spanish colonization and influence, lechon , which is an entire roasted suckling pig,

1584-472: Is the culinary name for the meat of the pig ( Sus domesticus ). It is the second-most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; curing extends the shelf life of pork products. Ham , gammon , bacon , and pork sausage are examples of preserved pork. Charcuterie is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, many from pork. Pork

1650-422: Is the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products such as bacon , ham , sausage , terrines , galantines , pâtés and confit , primarily from pig. Originally intended as a way to preserve meats before the advent of refrigeration, these preparations are prepared today for the flavors that are derived from the preservation processes. In 15th-century France , local guilds regulated tradesmen in

1716-856: Is the most popular meat in the Western world , particularly in Central Europe . It is also very popular in East and Southeast Asia ( Mainland Southeast Asia , Philippines , Singapore , and East Timor ). The meat is highly prized in Asian cuisines , especially in China (including Hong Kong ) and Northeast India , for its fat content and texture. Some religions and cultures prohibit pork consumption , notably Islam and Judaism . Pigs were domesticated in Mesopotamia around 13,000 BC. Charcuterie

1782-568: Is traditionally prepared with pork trimmings: ears, tail and feet. According to the USDA 's Foreign Agricultural Service , nearly 100 million metric tons of pork were consumed worldwide in 2006 (preliminary data). Increasing urbanization and disposable income has led to an uprising in pork consumption in China, where 2006 consumption was 20% higher than in 2002, and a further 5% increase projected in 2007. In 2015 recorded total 109.905 million metric tons of pork were consumed worldwide. By 2017, half

1848-450: Is used primarily in cubes ( lardons ) as a cooking ingredient valued both as a source of fat and for its flavour. In Italy , besides being used in cooking, bacon ( pancetta ) is also served uncooked and thinly sliced as part of an antipasto . Bacon is also used for barding roasts, especially game birds. Bacon is often smoked with various wood fuels for up to ten hours. Bacon is eaten fried, baked, or grilled. A side of unsliced bacon

1914-442: Is what you shall not eat from what brings up its cud or possesses split hooves—the camel, because it brings up its cud but does not possess split hooves...and the pig, because it has split hooves that are completely cloven, but it does not bring up its cud—it is impure to you and from its flesh you may not eat. And the pig, because it possesses split hooves and does not bring up its cud—from its flesh you may not eat. As indicated by

1980-456: The Pinangat dish is then wrapped with taro leaves and cooked under katang gata ( coconut cream ). The nutritional value of the Bicol express dish observes a range of benefits and a couple of poor effects on the body. The negative impacts of this dish is its high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol that makes it an incompatible diet for weight loss. The siling labuyo used in

2046-614: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church . There is also a theory that pork was taboo in Scotland until roughly 1800 . Pork is a well-known example of a non-kosher food . This prohibition is based on Leviticus chapter 11 and Deuteronomy chapter 14: These are the creatures that you may eat from among all the animals that are upon the land. Everything that possesses a split hoof, which is fully cloven, and that brings up its cud—this you may eat. But this

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2112-708: The Scoville scale , the Scoville Heat Unit of the siling labuyo is 100,000 SHU and siling haba is 50,000 SHU but each of these chili peppers can vary depending on the conditions of their growing environments. The siling labuyo in Bicol is much spicier than the siling labuyo in Manila , which makes it one of the spiciest chili peppers in the Philippines. The Siling Labuyo peppers were introduced by Spanish settlers during their exploration of

2178-478: The Spaniards who sautéed these ingredients to enrich the flavors of their meals. These three ingredients are then placed into the pan and cooked for three minutes. Next, the pork chunks are added into the pan and cooked until it darkens to brown. The pork is the main ingredient that establishes the basis of the Bicol express dish and differentiates it from other variations. After the pork has turned brown,

2244-463: The calories come from the fats . Unlike the historical versions of selling Bicol express in plastic bags and rice in taro leaves , advanced technologies have allowed the dish to be stocked in a more convenient set-up. In 2012, the food processing of Bicol express into glass jars was considered by the Llaguno family. The Philippines' Department of Science and Technology aided in extending

2310-456: The close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/ as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *ə . However, Proto-Austronesian *ə is realized as / o / in Libon . Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental lateral consonant /l̟/ (also transcribed as l̪͆ ), and Buhi-non, which has the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/ . Pork Pork

2376-461: The coconut cream/milk is poured into the pan and simmered for a couple minutes under low levels of heat. Next, after 30 minutes of saturating the siling haba under salted water , drain the water and cut up the siling haba into 1-inch slices and add into the pan. Siling haba is used instead of siling labuyo as the SHU levels of the siling haba is only 50,000 SHU , which will allow

2442-473: The meat components of the meal ( pork chunks and shrimp paste ). There is a Bicolano influence in the creation of the Bicol express as Kalaw's upbringing is situated in the regions of Bicol . This upbringing provided her with the knowledge about creating Bicolano cuisines and lead to the inspiration and construction of her Bicol express dish in Malate, Manila . During the 1960s, the Bicol express dish

2508-476: The sauce to elevate the flavors of the meal. Gulay na may lada is the oldest known vegetarian variant of the Bicol express dish that is created using the traditional-ways of cooking within the Bicol Peninsula . The Bicol Express dish have been transformed into a vegan form using various ingredient replacements. The pork is substituted with tofu and shiitake mushrooms are added to restore

2574-405: The shrimp to create bagoong alamang . Despite the traditional use of bagoong for seasoning purposes in other Filipino cuisines , freshly fermented bagoong alamang enhances the flavors of the Bicol express by being the "base of the sauce for the dish". The Bicol express dish is served hot with a bowl of rice on the side. Rice is fundamental in the diet of Filipino cuisines and

2640-401: The spiciness to be more manageable for the customers. However, siling labuyo is still used in creating the Bicol express within the Bicol Peninsula as the natives are more accustomed to the spiciness . The last ingredient added into the pan is the bagoong alamang ( shrimp paste ). Bicolano residents retrieve alamang ( shrimp ) naturally through cast netting and then ferment

2706-413: The Bicol express dish would be incomplete without this important ingredient . There are numerous seafood variations of the Bicol express dish. The meat of the dish can be replaced with fish ( tilapia ), crab , manta rays , shark , shrimp , etc, to alter the taste and texture of the dish. All of these dishes continue to be served with a hot bowl of rice . Ginataang Tilapia or Ginataang Isda

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2772-434: The Bicol express meal except that the pork chunks are replaced with pieces of shark bits or manta ray meat . This changes the texture of the meal and gives the person eating the dish a more exotic experience. Inulukan is another variant of the Bicol express dish (See Inulukan for more) that uses river crabs as the meat basis of the delicacy instead of pork chunks. All of the ingredients are then stored into

2838-454: The Bicol express provides the dish with its rich levels of vitamin C , iron and magnesium . In Filipino practices, siling labuyo have been utilized as a form of traditional home remedy for treating tooth pains . The Bicol express dish is also a rich source for protein and it will have plenty of health benefits for the body. The dish estimates around having 308 calories per 246 grams of serving, which approximately fifty percent of

2904-548: The Eastern European countries are believed to have a higher risk of trichinosis. Undercooked or untreated pork may harbour pathogens, or can be recontaminated after cooking if left exposed for a long period of time. In one instance, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) detected Listeria monocytogenes in 210 kg (460 lb) of Polidori brand fully cooked pork sausage crumbles, although no one

2970-589: The New World. The ingredients for the main preparation of making the original Bicol express dish are oil, ginger , garlic , onion , pork chunks, coconut cream/milk , siling haba ( long chili peppers ), bagoong alamang ( shrimp paste ) and a side of rice . The first step to creating this dish is to pour oil into the pan at a medium level of heat. All of the garlic , onion and ginger needs to be diced up into sizes of 1-cm cubes. The use of garlic and onion in Filipino cuisine have been influenced by

3036-628: The Torah verses, pork is non-kosher because Jews may not consume an animal that possesses one trait but not the other of cloven hooves and regurgitating cud . Hogs, which are not ruminants , do not chew cud as cattle and sheep do. Practicing Jews suffice on the biblical explanation of the swine as 'unclean'. Maimonides shared this view in classifying the swine as an unclean creature in both its habit and diet. The prohibition of swine-eating in Ancient Israelite cuisine , according to Douglas,

3102-548: The dish Bicol express after the PNR train that is programmed to undergo the Manila-Legazpi route. Prior to Kalaw's formal terminology of the Bicol express dish, a similar Ilocano meal to this dish was recognised as 'gulay na may lada' in the regions of Bicol , Philippines . Gulay na may lada is a vegetarian variant of the dish that consists of exactly the same ingredients as the Bicol express dish, except it lacks

3168-490: The food production industry in each city. The guilds that produced charcuterie were those of the charcutiers . The members of this guild produced a traditional range of cooked or salted and dried meats, which varied, sometimes distinctively, from region to region. The only "raw" meat the charcutiers were allowed to sell was unrendered lard . The charcutier prepared numerous items, including pâtés , rillettes , sausages , bacon , trotters , and head cheese . Before

3234-516: The importation or consumption of pork products. Examples are Iran , Mauritania , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Algeria , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Tajikistan , Yemen , Somalia , Sudan , Afghanistan , Djibouti , Kuwait , Mali , Niger , Senegal , Gambia , Libya , Pakistan (except in some communities) and the Maldives . However, in other Muslim-majority countries with significant non-Muslim minorities, such as Indonesia (except

3300-588: The mass production and re-engineering of pigs in the 20th century, pork in Europe and North America was traditionally an autumn dish—pigs and other livestock coming to the slaughter in the autumn after growing in the spring and fattening during the summer. Due to the seasonal nature of the meat in Western culinary history, apples (harvested in late summer and autumn) have been a staple pairing to fresh pork. The year-round availability of meat and fruits has not diminished

3366-540: The popularity of certain cuts varying worldwide. Most of the pig can be used to produce fresh meat and, in the case of a suckling pig , the whole body of a young pig ranging in age from two to six weeks is roasted. Danish roast pork or flæskesteg , prepared with crispy crackling is a national favourite as the traditional Christmas dinner. Pork is particularly common as an ingredient in sausages . Many traditional European sausages are made with pork, including chorizo , fuet , Cumberland sausage and salami giving it

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3432-474: The popularity of this combination on Western plates. Pigs are the second most widely eaten animal in the world, accounting for about 34% of meat production worldwide. As a result, large numbers of pork recipes have been developed throughout the world. Jamón , made from the hind legs of a pig, is the most well-known Spanish dry-cured ham. Feijoada , the national dish of Brazil (also served in Portugal),

3498-537: The province of Aceh ), Malaysia , Brunei , Lebanon , Iraq , Tunisia , Egypt , Morocco , Bahrain , Bangladesh , Kyrgyzstan , Kazakhstan , Jordan , Albania , Azerbaijan , Turkey , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Kosovo , Syria , Sierra Leone , Guinea , Chad and the United Arab Emirates (except the Emirate of Sharjah ), pork is available in hotels, restaurants and supermarkets that cater to

3564-477: The provinces of Bicol . There are over 50 million coconut bearing trees in Bicol . This makes the Bicol Region the most prosperous region in the Philippines to contain this enormous amount of coconut bearing trees. The region also meets the criteria for highly suitable wet conditions for coconut growing zones. Siling Labuyo (small chili pepper) is commonly used in many Bicolano cuisines . Under

3630-415: The region of Bicol . However, food selling on trains became prohibited on the PNR train lines and so the dish's relevance diminished over time until Kalaw was able to reintroduce and popularise the dish in her restaurant at Malate, Manila . The ingredients of coconut and chili peppers are predominant in dishes originating from the Bicol community . Both of these ingredients are endemic across

3696-853: The shelf life of these processed dishes for another year and the commercial production of processed Bicol express meals began to proliferate. Bikol language Ethnologue groups the languages of Bikol as follows: Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages. Pandan (North Catanduanes ) Iriga ( Rinconada ) Buhi (Buhi'non) Libon Oas (West Miraya) Daraga (East Miraya) Naga (Standard Bikol), Legazpi , and Partido Virac (South Catanduanes ) San Pascual (Northern Burias Island ) While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches. Some dialects of Southern Bikol have

3762-569: The side (round from the loin and streaky from the belly). Ham and bacon are popular foods in the West, and their consumption has increased with industrialisation. Non-western cuisines also use preserved meat products. For example, salted preserved pork or red roasted pork is used in Chinese and Asian cuisine. Bacon is defined as any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly, or back that have been cured or smoked. In continental Europe, it

3828-418: The slogan. The board retired the slogan on 4 March 2011. Pork is very high in thiamin (vitamin B 1 ). Pork with its fat trimmed is leaner than the meat of most domesticated animals, but is high in cholesterol and saturated fat . Eating of pork is prohibited by Jewish dietary laws and Islamic dietary laws , and is also avoided by mainstream Seventh-day Adventists , Rastafarians , and members of

3894-404: The texture of the dish. Vegetable paste and gluten free soy sauce are used to replace the bagoong alamang that bases the rich flavors of the dish's broth . Another type of Bicol express variants is one of Bicol's other signature dishes, Pinangat (or Laing ) which is exactly the same as the Bicol express's original recipe, except it does not contain onions . All the ingredients of

3960-624: The world's pork was consumed in China. Pork is popular throughout eastern Asia and the Pacific, where whole roast pig is a popular item in Pacific Island cuisine. It is consumed in a great many ways and highly esteemed in Chinese cuisine . Currently China is the world's largest pork consumer, with pork consumption expected to total 53 million metric tons in 2012, which accounts for more than half of global pork consumption. In China, pork

4026-536: Was 2.7 kg in 2009. Although pork marketing is prohibited in some religious localities, pork products are available elsewhere at non-kosher butchers and by the Mizra and Tiv Ta'am non-kosher supermarket chain, which caters to Russian immigrants. A modern Hebrew euphemism for pork is "white meat". Pork meat is prohibited by the Islamic dietary laws . Throughout the Islamic world many countries severely restrict

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4092-711: Was because the pig was raised by non-Israelites, ate carrion and did not fit into the classification of ungulates . Harris disagrees and points out that Egyptians and Sumerians also restricted pigs and that goats also ate corpses, yet were not declared unclean in Ancient Israel. Harris offers an explanation based on environmental and economic factors instead. In Israel , pig-raising has been limited by law to certain areas and institutions. Some pig-related laws are openly circumvented. Swine production has increased from an estimated annual slaughter of 50,000 swine in 1960 to 180,000 in 2010. Pig meat consumption per capita

4158-479: Was created and sold by people in the Bicol Region despite a lack of name for the dish. Bicolanos would wait at the Sipocot station , Camarines Sur , for a train to make a temporary stop and they would start selling the dish to the passengers . The dish was stored in a plastic bag and the rice was wrapped in a bundle of taro leaves . The dish's convenient set up allowed it to be easily sold and spread across

4224-414: Was made ill from consumption of the product. The FSIS has previously stated that listeria and other microorganisms must be "...destroyed by proper handling and thorough cooking to an internal temperature of 71 °C (160 °F)," and that other microorganisms, such as E. coli , Salmonella , and Staphylococcus aureus can be found in inadequately cooked pork, poultry, and other meats. The FSIS,

4290-604: Was not included on the menu of the Liverpool Council's first Christian Orthodox Interfaith lunch some members of the Macedonian Orthodox community objected, citing the historical significance of the dish to the community during the Ottoman era and raising complaints that the council was discriminating against Orthodox Christians . A spokeswoman for the council explained that the council had not prepared

4356-492: Was termed by Laguna resident, Cely Kalaw , during a cooking competition in the 1970s in Malate, Manila . The name of the dish was inspired by the Bicol Express railway train ( Philippine National Railways ) that operated from Tutuban, Manila to Legazpi, Albay (regional center of the Bicol region). The widely-known name for this dish in the Bicol Region of the Philippines was identified as gulay na may lada , which

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