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23-620: Bidyadanga , also known as La Grange , is the largest Aboriginal community in Western Australia , with a population of approximately 750 residents. It is located 180 kilometres (110 mi) south of Broome and 1,590 kilometres (990 mi) from the state capital Perth , in the Kimberley region. The traditional owners of the land are the Karajarri people, but is also home to the several other language groups . Started as

46-462: A tropical savanna climate or a humid subtropical climate . These climates tend to have hot, or sometimes extremely hot, summers and warm to cool winters, with some to minimal precipitation. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found around the fringes of subtropical deserts. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found in Africa , Australia , and South Asia . In Australia, a large portion of

69-526: A government rations distribution point by the government in 1903, La Grange became a mission station run by German Pallotine missionaries in 1955, before the formation of Bidyadanga Aboriginal Community La Grange ( BACLG ) in 1975, and subsequent independence from the mission in 1982. It is the largest Aboriginal community in the state and supports a population of approximately 750 people. The community has been involved in publications of local stories. The Bidyadanga Aboriginal Community La Grange (BACLG)

92-432: A government rations distribution post for Karajarri and Ngungamada people. Being in the pearling region, there was much contact between Asian pearling crews and local Aboriginal women. In 1903 and a constable and tracker were stationed there. The WA administration prevented the local Salesians from establishing a mission there. During World War II , German Pallottines made enquiries, but Germans were not allowed on

115-434: A location has a semi-arid climate, the precipitation threshold must first be determined. The method used to find the precipitation threshold (in millimeters): If the area's annual precipitation in millimeters is less than the threshold but more than half or 50% the threshold, it is classified as a BS (steppe, semi-desert, or semi-arid climate). Furthermore, to delineate hot semi-arid climates from cold semi-arid climates,

138-409: A mean annual temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F) is used as an isotherm. A location with a BS -type climate is classified as hot semi-arid ( BSh ) if its mean temperature is above this isotherm, and cold semi-arid ( BSk ) if not. Hot semi-arid climates (type "BSh") tend to be located from the high teens to mid-30s latitudes of the tropics and subtropics , typically in proximity to regions with

161-755: The ABC Islands , the rain shadows of Hispaniola 's mountain ranges in the Dominican Republic and Haiti , parts of the Southwestern United States including California's Central Valley , and sections of South America such as the sertão , the Gran Chaco , and the poleward side of the arid deserts, where they typically feature a Mediterranean precipitation pattern, with generally rainless summers and wetter winters. They are also found in few areas of Europe surrounding

184-599: The Mediterranean Basin . In Europe, BSh climates are predominantly found in southeastern Spain . It can also be found primarily in parts of south Greece but also in marginal areas of Thessaloniki and Chalkidiki in north Greece , most of Formentera , marginal areas of Ibiza and marginal areas of Italy in Sicily , Sardinia and Lampedusa . Cold semi-arid climates (type "BSk") tend to be located in elevated portions of temperate zones generally from

207-523: The Outback surrounding the central desert regions lies within the hot semi-arid climate region. In South Asia, both India and parts of Pakistan experience the seasonal effects of monsoons and feature short but well-defined wet seasons , but are not sufficiently wet overall to qualify as either a tropical savanna or a humid subtropical climate. Hot semi-arid climates can be also found in parts of North America , such as most of northern Mexico ,

230-495: The monsoon trough to the north. The variability of rainfall in this season is extreme, as seen by the fact that only 55.1 millimetres or 2.17 inches fell in the wet season of 1923–24, but as much as 1,229.8 millimetres or 48.42 inches between December 1999 and March 2000. The highest daily rainfall on record has been 286.0 millimetres (11.26 in) on 17 February, 2018, followed by 253.0 millimetres (9.96 in) on 19 March 1935. The dry season ranges from sweltering to merely hot in

253-667: The West Australian Government". Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates A more precise definition is given by the Köppen climate classification , which treats steppe climates ( BSh and BSk ) as intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates (A, C, D) in ecological characteristics and agricultural potential. Semi-arid climates tend to support short, thorny or scrubby vegetation and are usually dominated by either grasses or shrubs as they usually cannot support forests. To determine if

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276-592: The afternoon, whilst mornings at the height of the dry season are pleasant and the very low humidity makes the heat less unpleasant. Bidyadanga received Australia's highest May temperature of 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on 6 May 1990 (as of May 2018). Aboriginal communities in Western Australia Aboriginal communities in Western Australia are communities for Aboriginal Australians within their ancestral country ;

299-468: The areas, or relocated under various Government acts. The Aboriginal Communities Act 1979 allowed Aboriginal councils to make and enforce by-laws on their land. Originally it only applied to the Bidyadanga and Bardi communities, but was subsequently extended to others. In the 1980s and 1990s, effort was made to support indigenous communities. In 2014 and 2015 the support of some of

322-549: The coast by the Australian Army . In late 1948, desert people from Udialla were moved there by the government, and plans for a children's institution were mooted. In the 1950s, after two lay missionaries had started a school, Frankfurt anthropologists Helmut Petri and his wife Dr Gisela Odermann began to conduct fieldwork at La Grange. In January 1956 the Pallottines, presided over by Fr. Hügel, took charge of

345-460: The communities comprise families with continuous links to country that extend before the European settlement of Australia . The governments of Australia and Western Australia have supported and funded these communities in a number of ways for over 40 years; prior to that Indigenous people were non citizens with no rights, forced to work for sustenance on stations as European settlers divided up

368-472: The communities was questioned in Western Australian and Australian political discussions. In 2015 rallies were held across Australia and the world to protest the withdrawal of government support of the communities. A group of Aboriginal protesters set up a camp on Heirisson Island , as "... a place of retreat for all Aboriginal persons who have been and will be forcibly removed by

391-525: The mid-30s to low 50s latitudes, typically bordering a humid continental climate or a Mediterranean climate . They are also typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold and possibly freezing winters. These areas usually see some snowfall during

414-412: The mission, and dormitories , a dining hall, hospital and other buildings were built. Other missionaries joined them, and prayers, a collection of Bible stories, and an outline of kinship terms were published in the local languages. It was considered an "enlightened" mission. In 1964 the mission was devastated by Cyclone Bessie, which destroyed the school, the hospital and all of the huts. The mission

437-571: The size of Tasmania – in the West Kimberley. On 12 December 2002 the case known as " John Dudu Nangkiriny & Others on behalf of the Karajarri People v The State of Western Australia & Others", or "Karajarri People (Area A)" (ref. WCD2002/001) determined that native title exists in the entire area. The claim to Area B was finalised on 8 September 2004, with "Nangkiriny v State of Western Australia [2004], FCA 1156", when it

460-796: The winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates. Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid climates. Cold semi-arid climates at higher latitudes tend to have dry winters and wetter summers, while cold semi-arid climates at lower latitudes tend to have precipitation patterns more akin to Mediterranean climates , with dry summers, relatively wet winters, and even wetter springs and autumns. Cold semi-arid climates are most commonly found in central Asia and

483-606: Was determined that native title existed in parts of Area B only, giving the Karajarri non-exclusive native title rights over the land and waters in this area. Bidyadanga has a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ) with a short and extremely variable wet season from December to March and a long, hot, and generally rainless dry season from April to November. The wet season is sweltering and humid though generally dry, but there are occasional extremely heavy downpours from tropical cyclones or other closed depressions developing from

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506-675: Was financed and rebuilt by a combination of various Catholic funds and the Department of Native Affairs. By 1981 there were about 400 persons living at La Grange. In 1982 the community asked for independence from the mission, and after the 1983 Seaman Aboriginal Land inquiry, the Bidyadanga Aboriginal Community asked for the mission land to be transferred to them. In 2002 and 2004 the Karajarri had their native title rights and interests recognised, over 31,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi) – about half

529-646: Was incorporated in 1975 as a not-for-profit organisation to administer government-funded programs. It was incorporated under the Aboriginal Communities Act 1979 (WA). Bidyadanga Layout Plan No.3 was prepared in accordance with WA State Planning Policy 3.2 (Aboriginal Settlements). It was endorsed by the community on 15 November 2012 and the Western Australian Planning Commission on 28 May 2013. Located on Thangoo Station south of Broome, La Grange had been

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