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32-567: Billboard's "chart year" runs from the first Billboard "week" of December to the final week in November, but because the Billboard week is dated in advance of publication, the last calendar week for which sales are counted is usually the third week in November. This altered calendar allows for Billboard to calculate year-end charts and release them in time for its final print issue in the last week of December. Due to this methodology, albums at

64-474: A "fiery" vocal performance from Summer. Cash Box said that the song "has an exciting newness to its rock/disco sound" with " power guitar chording , interesting synthesizer lines and unusual Summer vocal." Record World called it a "splendid rock disco tune." "Hot Stuff" won Summer the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance in the inaugural year the award was given out. In 2010,

96-479: A Hot 100 is decided in 2013. Sales data from cash registers is collected from 14,000 retail, mass merchant, and non-traditional (on-line stores, venues, digital music services, etc.) outlets in the United States, Canada, UK and Japan. The requirements for reporting sales to Nielsen Music are that the store has Internet access and a point of sale (POS) inventory system. Submission of sales data must be in

128-530: A cover in September 2008, which peaked at no. 11 on the Dutch charts. On September 18, 2020, Norwegian DJ Kygo released a remixed version of the song. In a press release, Kygo noted that Summer was one of his favorite artists of all time because of her brilliant catalogue and unmatched vocals. He hopes that this version will continue to bring the joy that the original track has. A music video to accompany

160-567: A double A-side. "Hot Stuff" was the seventh biggest song of 1979 in the US. The popular 12" single edition of the song plays the full 6:47 version of the song and then segues into "Bad Girls" 4:55 version. Shipments figures based on certification alone. Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. American dance troupe The Pussycat Dolls used elements of the song on "Hot Stuff (I Want You Back)", which appears on their 2005 debut album PCD . Dutch pop singer EliZe released

192-538: A guitar solo by ex- Doobie Brother and Steely Dan guitarist Jeff "Skunk" Baxter . It is the second of four songs by Summer to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . In 2018, a remix by Ralphi Rosario and Erick Ibiza entitled "Hot Stuff 2018" went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart. Billboard claimed that "Hot Stuff" has a "strong R&B , soulish feel" along with

224-517: A long-term basis through the RIAA certification system; it has never used either Nielsen SoundScan or the store-calling method. The first Billboard Hot 100 number-one song via Nielsen SoundScan was " Set Adrift on Memory Bliss " by P.M. Dawn . Other changes would also largely impact the Hot 100 in the future, consisting of radio-only songs being able to chart in 1998, and YouTube views playing part of how

256-495: A number of years. Best-selling records of the year based on Billboard ' s Music Popularity Charts was also published for 1942. A chart covering the year 1945 based on "Honor Roll of Hits", where the same song by different artists were amalgamated into one, was published. In January 1947, Billboard released its first annual charts for the year 1946, initially called "Annual Music Record Poll", which included records charts where songs by different artists were listed separately. In

288-478: Is a provider of music and entertainment data . Established as a joint-venture in 2020, it brought together Nielsen Music, Alpha Data (formerly BuzzAngle Music) and Variety Business Intelligence (formerly TVtracker). In December 2019, Eldridge Industries ' Valence Media , then parent company of Billboard , acquired Nielsen's music data business, reuniting it with Billboard for the first time since its spin-off to E5 Global Media from Nielsen Business Media. It

320-437: Is a song by Pete Bellotte , Harold Faltermeyer , and Keith Forsey released as the lead single by American singer Donna Summer on her seventh studio album Bad Girls , produced by English producer Pete Bellotte and Italian producer Giorgio Moroder in 1979 through Casablanca Records . Up to that point, Summer had mainly been associated with disco songs but this song also showed a significant rock direction, including

352-522: Is the source of sales information for the Billboard music charts . The company operates the analytics platform Music Connect, Music 360 and Broadcast Data Systems (which tracks airplay of music), the latter of which was shut down in September 2022. Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales data for Nielsen on March 1, 1991. The May 25 issue of Billboard published Billboard 200 and Country Album charts based on SoundScan "piece count data", and

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384-427: The Billboard Hot 100 would be given one point for a week spent at position 100, two points for a week spent at position ninety-nine, and so forth, up to 100 points for each week spent at number one). Other factors including the total weeks a song spent on the chart and at its peak position were calculated into its year-end total. The same method was used for albums based on the Billboard 200 , and songs appearing on

416-502: The Billboard charts than before, and their chart success helped increase the genre's popularity. In addition, SoundScan sales data quickly found use in the promotion departments at major record labels, to persuade radio station music directors to play tracks by high-selling alternative artists such as Nirvana . Alpha Data (formerly, but commonly known as BuzzAngle Music ) was a music analytics firm which provided statistics for

448-402: The 1953 year-end charts were dated December 19. The published dates have fluctuated, but Billboard's chart year now runs from the first Billboard "week" of December to the final week of November. Prior to incorporating chart data from Nielsen SoundScan (from 1991), year-end charts were calculated by an inverse-point system based solely on a title's performance (for example a single appearing on

480-462: The 1971 year-end charts. Between 1959 and 1963 the chart was divided in a stereo chart and a mono chart and were named Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs (1959–1960), Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts (1960–1961), Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic (1961) and Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural (1961–1963) . Nielsen SoundScan Luminate Data, LLC (formerly MRC Data and P-MRC Data )

512-490: The 1988 year-end, then "How Can I Fall?" would take the number 27 spot in 1989, despite "Desire" appearing in only nine issues of the chart in the 1988 charting year, and "How Can I Fall?" having appeared in five in 1989. (" He's So Shy " had 14 in the 1980 charting year and in 12 in that of 1981, but appeared in neither year-end.) Songs are also not always placed as high in the Decade-End and All Time charts as they were in

544-552: The Year-End. In the Decade-End, an example is in the 2008 year end which showed " No Air " by Jordin Sparks and Chris Brown and " I Kissed a Girl " by Katy Perry at numbers six and 14 respectively, but only "I Kissed a Girl" was in the decade-end of the two, at number 66. And another example is from the 1979 year end where " My Sharona " by The Knack is the number one song of 1979, but lower than " Hot Stuff " by Donna Summer in

576-509: The all time chart. ("My Sharona" is number 95, "Hot Stuff" at No. 87 and number seven in the 1979 year-end.) George Michael , the Beatles , Elton John (under Dionne & Friends for the song " That's What Friends Are For ") and Elvis Presley are the only four artists to have ever achieved two year-end number-ones. The Beatles, Usher and Justin Bieber are the only three artists to hold

608-430: The calling system) often did not match (for instance Paula Abdul 's " Promise of a New Day " and Roxette 's " Fading Like a Flower " reached much higher Hot 100 peaks than their actual sales and airplay would have allowed them to). Although most record company executives conceded that the new method was far more accurate than the old, the chart's volatility and its geographical balance initially caused deep concern, before

640-643: The change and the market shifts it brought about were accepted across the industry. Tower Records , the country's second-largest retail chain, was originally not included in the sample because its stores were equipped with different technology to measure sales. At first, some industry executives complained that the new system—which relied on high-tech sales measurement rather than store employee estimates—was based on an inadequate sample, one that favored established and mainstream acts over newcomers. The Recording Industry Association of America also tracks sales (or more specifically, shipments minus potential returns) on

672-479: The collected data using a statistical calculation called " weighting ". This assigns a multiplier to each category of stores, to compensate for the number of similar stores not covered by the sampling program. Sales in each category are multiplied accordingly. Such a system is vulnerable to exploitation if it is known which stores are included in the sampling program. To inflate their reported chart sales, some indie labels were reported to purposefully target stores in

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704-543: The early years, the annual charts for a particular year were dated in January the following year. Starting in 1952, the release date was moved earlier to December the same year to provide disk jockeys with listings for their end-of-year programming. The chart year therefore also shifted, for example, the year of 1952 covered the first week of the year until the December 20 issue and the charts published dated December 27, while

736-409: The first Hot 100 chart to debut with the system was released on November 30, 1991. Previously, Billboard tracked sales by calling stores across the U.S. and asking about sales—a method that was inherently error-prone and open to outright fraud. Indeed, while transitioning from the calling to tracking methods, the airplay and sales charts (already monitored by Nielsen) and the Hot 100 (then still using

768-550: The form of a text file consisting of all the UPCs sold and the quantities per UPC on a weekly basis. Sales collected from Monday–Sunday or Sunday–Saturday are reported every Monday and made available to subscribers every Wednesday. Anyone selling a music product with its own UPC or ISRC may register that product to be tracked by Luminate. Not all retailers participate in the SoundScan program, so total CD sales are projected from

800-502: The music industry, including record sales and music streaming. TVtracker, founded in 1999 by Mark Hoebich, tracks and analyzes all aspects of U.S. filmed entertainment, including television, feature film and digital entertainment, with coverage of everything from pilot pickups and series orders to motion picture development and post-production. The company evolved into Variety Business Intelligence and operates as Luminate Film & TV. Hot Stuff (Donna Summer song) " Hot Stuff "

832-446: The other charts (e.g. Hot Country Singles ). After Billboard began obtaining sales and airplay information from Nielsen SoundScan and Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems , the year-end charts are now calculated by a very straightforward cumulative total of yearlong sales (or sales and airplay) points. This gives a more accurate picture of any given year's most popular titles, as an entry that hypothetically spent nine weeks at number one in

864-494: The peak of their popularity at the time of the November/December chart-year cutoff many times end up ranked lower than one would expect on a year-end tally, yet are ranked on the following year's chart as well, as their cumulative points are split between the two chart years. Various listings, such as top radio tunes, popular songs on jukebox, top artists, and best-selling sheet music of the year, had been published for

896-550: The program for on-site sales promotions. Also, other labels were found shipping boxes of their CDs to be scanned by complicit retailers in the program. The incorporation of SoundScan tracking by the Billboard charting system was cited by the industry as a possible cause of the early '90s popularization of alternative music in the United States. An explanation floated was that the previous call system under-represented marginal genres. Under SoundScan, more accurate data on alternative music sales allowed these acts to appear higher in

928-482: The song was ranked No. 104 on Rolling Stone ' s list of " The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time ". "Hot Stuff" was certified Platinum by the RIAA and remained at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for three non-consecutive weeks, and spent the longest time in the top ten in 1979: fourteen weeks. The song also topped the US Dance Club Songs chart, with Summer's follow-up " Bad Girls " as

960-448: The spring could possibly have earned fewer cumulative points than one spending six weeks at number three in January. Exceptions appeared to be in the 1980s as songs with chart runs were as high as they were as if they were in the chart for a whole year. Two examples are " Desire " by U2 and " How Can I Fall? " by Breathe (both in 1988), which both peaked at number 3 in November and December, respectively. "Desire" came in at number 56 in

992-618: The top-two positions of the Year-End Hot 100. Prior to the inauguration of the Billboard Music Awards in 1990, the magazine had the "Number One Awards" to honor the top-performing artists in each of the year-end chart categories. The first Billboard Number One Awards presentation was hosted by Gary Owens in August 1972 at Franco's La Taverna Restaurant, Los Angeles, where trophies were presented to artists who topped

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1024-906: Was renamed MRC Data in 2020 after Eldridge Industries merged Valence with the film and television studio MRC . and was then brought under its PMRC joint venture with Penske Media Corporation as P-MRC Data . It was renamed once more to Luminate Data in March 2022. In August 2022, the MRC merger was unwound, with Eldridge Industries taking sole ownership of its stake in PMRC. Nielsen Music, originally established by Mike Fine and Mike Shalett in 1991, collects music consumption and sales weekly and makes this available every Sunday (for album sales) and every Monday (for song sales) to subscribers, which include record companies, publishing firms, music retailers, independent promoters, film and TV companies, and artist managers. It

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