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41-829: Bilstein may refer to: People [ edit ] Counts of Bilstein , Frankish noble family Barons of Bilstein , Westphalian noble family Inhabited places [ edit ] Bilstein (Kürten) , village near Kürten , county of Rheinisch-Bergischer-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein (Kreuzau) , village near Kreuzau , county of Düren, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein (Lennestadt) , town quarter of Lennestadt , county of Olpe, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein (Limbourg) or Bilstain, town quarter of Limbourg , Province of Liege, Region of Wallonia, Belgium Amt Bilstein , former administrative district in Westphalia Barony of Bilstein , medieval comital lordship in

82-568: A cache of Nazi artifacts from a house was announced. A history teacher revealed a painted portrait of Adolf Hitler and medals decorated with eagles and swastikas , a newspaper from 1945, a pistol, gas masks , brass knuckles , and stacks of documents. It is also found out that the house once served as the headquarters of the Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt . In April 1945, the US Army liberated

123-575: A length of 52.2 km: Ruhr 11.5 km, Lenne 13.1 km, Volme 21.3 km and Ennepe 6.3 km. The difference in altitude from the lowest point on the Ruhr near Vorhalle (86 metres above sea level) to the highest point east of Bölling ♁51° 18′ N, 7° 34′ E (438 metres above sea level) is 352 metres. Since the early 19th century, the Hagen area has been regarded as a classic discovery region for palaeontology and archaeology There are various rocks and deposits from

164-533: A so-called Großstadt in 1928, when the population exceeded the 100,000 mark. In 1964, the population passed the 200,000 mark. The city had its highest population after the municipal reorganisation in 1975 with 231,840 inhabitants. Since December 2005, the city has been permanently below the 200,000 population mark (according to the city administration), while the North Rhine-Westphalia State Office for Data Processing and Statistics

205-615: Is 17.1 km in a north-south direction and 15.5 km in a west-east direction. The city boundary of 89.7 km is made up of 3.3 km to Dortmund, 9 km to the district of Unna , 56.6 km to the Ennepe-Ruhr district and 20.8 km to the Märkisch district . The area of the city (160.36 km²) is roughly the size of the Principality of Liechtenstein . 42 per cent of Hagen's municipal area consists of forest. The four rivers in Hagen stretch over

246-600: Is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , on the southeastern edge of the Ruhr area , 15 km south of Dortmund , where the rivers Lenne and Volme meet the Ruhr . In 2023, the population was 197,677. The city is home to the FernUniversität Hagen (University of Hagen), the only state-funded distance education university in Germany. The largest extension of Hagen's municipal area

287-570: Is considered a geotope of global importance for palaeontological research. Finds from the quarry and from the entire region can be seen in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Werdringen moated castle. In a side valley of the Lenne near Holthausen, the remains of Stone Age people were discovered in the ‘Blätterhöhle’ cave. With a C14 age of up to 11,300 years, they date from the beginning of

328-517: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Counts of Bilstein The barony probably began with Count Wigger I . He is recorded to have had extensive comital rights and estates in the Germarmark march on the middle Werra (the area of Frieda and Eschwege ), at Hainich ( Bad Langensalza , Schlotheim , Mühlhausen and Oberdorla ) and in

369-437: Is heavily indebted and in the process of cutting city services in order to balance its budget. The city has capitalized on the export of a wide variety of breads, most notably Hagenschmagenbrot , a traditional dark bread. One of the five branches of South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences is located in the city (also: Fachhochschule Südwestfalen (FH SWF)), which offers various engineering programmes. This institution

410-439: Is in 41st place behind Kassel and ahead of Hamm . The proportion of under 20-year-olds in Hagen in 2023 was 20.3%, while the proportion of people aged 60 and over was 28.8%. The proportion of the foreign population in Hagen in 2023 was 23.9%. In 2021, 34.1% of the Hagen population had a migration background. In March 2021, 41.7% of children in daycare centres had a migrant background and 43.2% of children in daycare centres had

451-695: The Devonian to the Carboniferous in the municipal area. Marine and terrestrial deposits from the Cretaceous , Tertiary and Holocene periods have been preserved in karst caves in the mass limestone . Other fossil sites with animal and plant remains from the Palaeozoic to the Mesozoic have also made important contributions to geoscientific research. In the area around Hagen, for example,

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492-621: The Kapp Putsch in March 1920, when rightists tried to overthrow the elected government and set up an authoritarian regime, tens of thousands of leftist workers in the Ruhr Valley, Germany's most important industrial area, used the opportunity for a revolutionary uprising from the Left. In the Ruhr uprising of 13 March – 2 April 1920, the 50,000-man Ruhr Red Army took control of

533-745: The Obereichsfeld from 967 to 981 AD. The fragmented estates of Count Wigger extended via Dornburg an der Saale as far as the area of Zeitz , where he is mentioned from 965–981 as the March of Zeitz . Along with the Ekkehardiner  [ de ] , the counts of Kevernburg, the counts of Schwarzburg and counts of Weimar , the Wiggers were a powerful comital family in Thuringia in the 10th through 12th centuries. Starting in about 1130 AD,

574-542: The city museum and Werdringen castle. In the Blätterhöhle cave in Hagen, the oldest fossils of modern people in Westphalia and the Ruhr were found. Some date to the early Mesolithic , 10,700 years B.C.E. It seems that the descendants of Mesolithic people in this area maintained a foraging lifestyle for more than 2000 years after the arrival of farming societies. Quarters/localities of Hagen: Hagen became

615-557: The 17th and 18th centuries, textile and steel industries, as well as paper production were developed here. In the early 21st century, Hagen is the home of the Suedwestfaelische Industrie- und Handelskammer, as well as Sparkasse Hagen , the local public savings bank . The bank's former headquarters, the Sparkasse Hagen Tower , was a regional landmark until its demolition in 2004. The city

656-665: The Alsace, department of Bas-Rhin Château de Bilstein , ruined castle near Riquewihr in the Alsace, department of Haut-Rhin Geological formations [ edit ] Am Bilstein (Hückeswagen) (284,7 m), near Dürhagen, county of Oberbergischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein (Brilon Plateau) (620,1 m), on the Brilon Plateau , Hochsauerlandkreis, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein (Kaufungen Forest) (641,2 m), in

697-1550: The Kaufungen Forest, county of Werra-Meißner, North Hesse Bilstein (Langenberge) (ca. 460 m), in the Langenberge, Schwalm-Eder Kreis, North Hesse Bilstein (Vogelsberg) (665,5 m), in the Vogelsberg, Vogelsbergkreis, Middle Hesse Bilstein Cave, in the municipality of Warstein , county of Soest, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein (Wolfhagen) (405,1 m), on the Isthaberg near Wolfhagen-Istha, county of Kassel, North Hesse Other uses [ edit ] Bilstein & Siekermann , component manufacturer with head office in Hillesheim Ferdinand Bilstein , car supplier with head office in Ennepetal ThyssenKrupp Bilstein , shock absorber manufacturer with head office in Ennepetal Bilstein-Gruppe , international steel company with head office in Hagen -Hohenlimburg See also [ edit ] Bielstein Bildstein Topics referred to by

738-657: The Mesolithic period. This makes them the oldest evidence to date of anatomically modern humans in the post-glacial period on the European continent. The Hagen region first appears in historical records in the Lorsch Annals ( Latin : Annales Laureshamenses ): In 775, Charlemagne 's troops conquered the Saxon Hohensyburg (then called Sigiburg ) castle located near the city limits of Dortmund above

779-733: The Ruhr-Lenne estuary. Hagen itself was first mentioned around the year 1200, and is presumed to have been the name of a farm at the confluence of the Volme and the Ennepe rivers. After the conquest of Burg Volmarstein  [ de ] in 1324, Hagen passed to the County of Mark . After the Treaty of Xanten in 1614, it was granted to the Margraviate of Brandenburg , which became part of

820-535: The Wiggers' descendants named themselves after their family seat, Bilstein Castle , which is located in the Höllental valley west of Albungen , today a village in the borough of Eschwege . This castle is estimated to have been built by them around 1100 AD. In this period they came into military conflict with the counts of Northeim, who around 1105/1110 AD had defeated Count Rugger (Rüdiger) I of Bilstein and destroyed

861-487: The area of Eschwege, North Hesse Villa Bilstein , Ennepetal , county of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia Castles [ edit ] Bilstein Castle (Lennestadt) , castle in Lennestadt, Landkreis county of Olpe, North Rhine-Westphalia Bilstein Castle (Eschwege) , ruined castle near Eschwege , county of Werra-Meißner-Kreis, North Hesse Bilstein Castle (Bas-Rhin) , ruined castle near Urbeis in

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902-590: The bones of land dinosaurs and early mammals as well as plant remains from the Lower Cretaceous period were found. The former Hagen-Vorhalle brickworks quarry is considered an important site for the discovery of fossilised insects and other fossils, including early large dragonflies with wingspans of 40 cm, extinct primordial web-footed butterflies and giant centipedes and millipedes from the Upper Carboniferous period. The Hagen-Vorhalle quarry

943-458: The city centre was opened in the 1970s. In the early 1980s, Hagen made a name for itself as the ‘Liverpool of New German Wave (Neue Deutsche Welle) ’. Many well-known musicians and bands of this musical genre (including Nena , Extrabreit and the sisters Annette and Inga Humpe ) have their roots in Hagen. Economically, Hagen came under renewed pressure in the 1990s due to increasing globalisation. A further wave of deindustrialisation began in

984-526: The city, which was later part of the British occupation zone . In August 1948, Hagen was included in the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia and soon became part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, also known as West Germany ), founded in 1949. In the 1950s and 1960s, Hagen experienced another stormy growth and mainly elted into the flatter, northern plain. At the beginning of the 1970s,

1025-836: The comital line came to an end. There is evidence that the counts of Bilstein were related to the lords of Bilstein in Westphalia. According to the Reinhardsbrunn Chronicle by monk, Johannes Caput, from Ilfeld Abbey an Elger of Bilstein on the Werra built the Ilburg and called himself the Count of Ilfeld. In 1162 a nobleman of Ilfeld married Lutrude of Hohnstein and called himself thereafter Ilfeld-Hohnstein and, from 1182, just von Hohnstein . Hagen Hagen ( German pronunciation: [ˈhaːɡn̩] )

1066-410: The construction of the new town hall on the riverside. In mid-July 2021, Hagen was affected by a flood disaster caused by heavy rainfall. In particular, damage was caused in the Volme valley and Hohenlimburg. Owing to the extensive use of water power along the rivers Ruhr, Lenne, Volme and Ennepe, metal processing played an important role in the region of Hagen in and even before the 15th century. In

1107-600: The counts of Wartburg, who appear at the same time in the 13th century as the burgraves of Brandenburg at the neighbouring Brandenburg Castle , a sideline of the counts of Bilstein were elevated to high status, although they were not related by blood to the Ludowingian family. In 1301, Count Otto II of Bilstein, with the consent of his wife, Catharina, sold the Bilstein fief and subsequently also his allodial estate to Landgrave Henry I of Hesse. With his death in 1306

1148-458: The decline of heavy industry in Hagen began in the wake of the steel crisis . Hasper Hütte was completely shut down between 1972 and 1982, Gussstahlwerke Wittmann went bankrupt and two of the three plants of Stahlwerke Südwestfalen were closed. Further job losses affected the food industry with the breweries Bettermann and Andreas, the confectionery manufacturers Villosa and Grothe and the production plant of Zwieback Brandt . The pedestrian zone in

1189-528: The first, weakly fortified Bielstein Castle. Count Rugger's successor, Rugger II of Bilstein, asserted himself with the construction of the new Bilstein Castle and began to develop the woods around the castle on the Hoher Meißner , as " clearing demesne ." For this purpose he also founded Germerode Abbey , which became the family abbey of the dynasty. The descriptive family name, the Bilsteiners ,

1230-567: The industrial district. Government and paramilitary forces were ordered against the workers, suppressing the uprising, and killing an estimated 1,000 workers. A memorial to the uprising was installed in Hagen. By 1928, Hagen had developed into a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. During World War II , Hagen was bombed repeatedly, by both the Royal Air Force and the United States Eighth Air Force . On

1271-580: The leading town in South Westphalia in terms of population and economic power. During the German Empire from 1871 to 1914, Hagen experienced a period of prosperity. Through urbanisation and industrialisation of the 19th century, the city developed into the main centre for the entire region south of the river Ruhr . In 1887, Hagen was administratively separated from the district of Hagen and became an independent city ( urban district ). In

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1312-663: The new Prussian province of Westphalia after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. From 1817, Hagen was the seat of an office and a district within the administrative district of Arnsberg. In 1837, the revised town regulations and a magistrate were introduced. In the course of industrialisation, Hagen was connected to the network of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahngesellschaft in 1848 and developed into an important railway junction. By 1865, Hagen had overtaken Iserlohn, which had previously been

1353-620: The newly founded Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. A major fire destroyed a significant part of Hagen's buildings in 1724. With the help of the Prussian state administration, Hagen was rebuilt within a short time. Hagen was granted town privileges on 3 September 1746. After the defeat of Prussia in the Fourth Coalition , Hagen was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Berg founded by France from 1807 to 1813. It became part of

1394-509: The night of 1 October 1943, 243 Lancasters and 8 Mosquitoes from the Royal Air Force 's Bomber Command attacked the city. According to the Bomber Command Campaign Diary, "This raid was a complete success achieved on a completely cloud-covered target of small size, with only a moderate bomber effort and at trifling cost." Hagen sustained severe damage from that raid, and hundreds of civilians were killed . After

1435-413: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bilstein . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilstein&oldid=1210175041 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1476-463: The steel sector, while Hagen's population declined at the same time. Hagen's debt level was €1.383 billion on 31 December 2012. Since the 2000s, major new construction and renovation projects have been realised that have significantly shaped Hagen's cityscape today. Examples include the Volme- and Rathaus-Galerie, the redesign of Friedrich-Ebert-Platz and the station forecourt (Berliner Platz) as well as

1517-733: The war, the city centre was almost completely destroyed, so that only the surrounding districts still partially reflect the city's Wilhelminian architectural character . The victims of the Second World War and National Socialism in Hagen: more than 2,200 people died in Allied bombing raids between 1940 and 1945. Over 10,000 Hagen citizens died on the various fronts of the Second World War. Dozens of Hagen citizens were murdered in concentration camps and prisons for racial, religious, ideological and political reasons. In August 2021, discovery of

1558-544: The years following the turn of the century, the banker and patron Karl Ernst Osthaus brought many later important architects to the city, including Henry van de Velde , Peter Behrens and Walter Gropius . They established Hagen's reputation as a link between Art Nouveau and Modernism ( Hagener Impul ). The centrepiece of this initiative was the Folkwang Museum and the (only partially built) garden city of Hohenhagen ( Gartenstadt Hohenhagen ). In reaction to

1599-430: Was already assuming a population of just 196,934 at that time. The population reached a low point in 2012 with 187,810 people, since then it has been increasing again. In 2021, the balance of inflows and outflows was +592 (-1,112 for Germans and +1,704 for foreigners). On 31 December 2023, the population was 197,677, including 150,505 Germans and 47,172 foreigners. In the ranking of cities in Germany by population, Hagen

1640-544: Was founded in the city in 1824. Hagen is home to the LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen , or Hagen Westphalian Open-Air Museum , a collection of historic industrial facilities. Trades such as printing, brewing, smithing, milling, and many others are represented, not only with static displays, but as living, working operations that visitors may in some cases participate in. It is located near the Hagen community of Eilpe . The Historisches Centrum Hagen includes

1681-516: Was later appended to the early members of the house. In the 12th century, the ruling dynasty of the Ludovingians needed to place all responsibility for the management of the castle of Wartburg , particularly its security and the improvement of the fortifications, into the hands of an authorised representative. This person held the office of Burgrave of the Wartburg. With the appointment of

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