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59-607: The festival commemorates the arrival of Malay migrants prior to the Spanish conquest, as documented in Maragtas , a compilation of legends and oral history by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro. Binirayan comes from the Karay-a word biray , which translates sailboat. The word Binirayan literally means " where they sailed to" . The festival was conceived by Governor Evelio Javier , and first celebrated on January 11–13, 1974. In 1975,

118-522: A Western Bisayan language, while Capiznon is a Central Bisayan language closely related to Hiligaynon. Consonants [d] and [ɾ] were once allophones but cannot interchange as in other Philippine languages: patawaron ('to forgive') [from patawad , 'forgiveness'] but not patawadon , and tagadiín ('from where') [from diín , 'where'] but not tagariín . There are four main vowels: /a/ , /i ~ ɛ/ , /o ~ ʊ/ , and /u/ . [i] and [ɛ] (both spelled i ) are allophones , with [i] in

177-668: A book co-authored by historian H. Otley Beyer , founder of the Anthropology Department of the University of the Philippines, refers to Margitas and "the ancient writing in which it was originally inscribed. Scott quoted Beyer stating: A remarkable document known as 'Margitas', dating probably from about 1225, was preserved in Panay and transliterated into romanized Visayan in early Spanish days. " The myth that

236-540: A dog. When an adjective modifies a noun, the linker nga links the two. Example: Ido nga itom 'black dog' Sometimes, if the linker is preceded by a word that ends in a vowel, glottal stop or the letter N, it becomes acceptable to contract it into -ng , as in Filipino. This is often used to make the words sound more poetic or to reduce the number of syllables. Sometimes the meaning may change as in maayo nga aga , '(the) good morning', and maayong aga ,

295-625: A form of syllabic writing, which they introduced wherever they spread. In this syllabary, the vowels were written only when they stood alone or at the beginning of words. Each consonant sign stood for the consonant followed by the sound of "a". The characters were incised on bamboo or written on bark with cuttlefish ink. Early Spanish explorer Miguel de Loarca wrote in his report titled Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas in June 1582, writing in Arevalo (Panay): ... since these natives are not acquainted with

354-569: A narrative of the ten Datus flight from Borneo and the tyranny of Rajah Makatunaw there, to the island of Panay . The datus bartered with a local Ati chieftain Marikudo for the plains and valleys of the island, offering gold in return. One datu, Paiburong, was given the territory of Irong-Irong, which is now the province of Iloilo in the Philippines ; the third chapter tells of the romance of Sumakwel, Kapinangan and her lover Gurung-garung;

413-531: A part of the appendice in the book, Igorrotes: estudio geográfico y etnográfico sobre algunos distritos del norte de Luzon Igorots: a geographic and ethnographic study of certain districts of northern Luzon by Fr. Angel Perez) Additionally, the characters and places mentioned in the Maragtas book, like Rajah Makatunaw and Madj-as can be found in Ming Dynasty Annals and Arabic Manuscripts. However,

472-568: Is "Retracing Roots, Celebrating Culture and Greatness." The festival opens with a fluvial parade from the Pantalan port to Malandog Beach in Hamtic, believed to be the original settlement of the Bornean datu. In Malandog is a historical marker commemorating this legendary event. There are beauty pageants, cultural shows, street dancing, parades, and arts and crafts local products exhibits. In 2006,

531-613: Is beautiful.' 'Sara is beautiful' (English) There is no direct translation for the English copula to be in Hiligaynon. However, the prefixes mangin- and nangin- may be used to mean will be and became, respectively. Example: Manamì mangín manggaránon. 'It is nice to become rich.' The Spanish copula estar ('to be') has also become a part of the Hiligaynon lexicon. Its meaning and pronunciation have changed compared to its Spanish meaning, however. In Hiligaynon it

590-622: Is being celebrated every December. The Binirayan Festival commemorates the legend of the arrival of the ten Bornean datus on the island of Aninipay now known as Panay . (See the legend of Maragtas .) As Governor Evelio B. Javier, the Father of Binirayan Festival, reminded the Antiqueños during the earlier celebrations, "let us gather the strands and memories of our past, as we look back with pride, that we may look ahead with confidence to Antique tomorrow." Binirayan Festival's permanent theme

649-568: Is composed of three sub-variants: Northern, Central and Southern Negrense Hiligaynon), Guimaras Hiligaynon, and Mindanao Hiligaynon (which incorporated some Cebuano and other languages due to the mass influx of migrants from Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor and Cebuano-speaking parts of Mindanao reside in the Soccsksargen area). Some native speakers also consider Kinaray-a (also known as Hiniraya or Antiqueño) and Capiznon dialects of Hiligaynon. However, linguists have classified Kinaray-a as

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708-609: Is held among towns and barangays . The popular tribes during the first decade of the festival were Tribu Kamihanon (Bgy 8), Tribu Bukaka (Bgy 2), Tribu Karintukay Dagatnon (Marina) and Tribu Campan (Kampo-Pantalan). Tribu Kaunlaran (Bgy 3) of Comon under then tribe trainer and choreographer Herman Cortez became a regular winner, that they represented the province in 1981 in the Dinagyang Festival in Iloilo City as Tribu Binirayan. Tribu Binirayan emerged Champion in 1983,

767-597: Is more commonly used, which has rarely or never been used by other dialects of the language. Another example, amó iní , ('this is it') in Standard Hiligaynon can be simplified in Urban Hiligaynon and become 'mó'ní . Some of the other widely recognized dialects of the language, aside from Standard Hiligaynon and Urban Hiligaynon, are Bacolodnon Hiligaynon ( Metro Bacolod dialect), Negrense Hiligaynon (provincial Negros Occidental dialect that

826-525: Is no officially recognized standard orthography for the language and different writers may follow different conventions. It is common for the newer generation, however, to write the language based on the current orthographic rules of Filipino. A noticeable feature of the Spanish-influenced orthography absent in those writing following Filipino's orthography is the use of "c" and "qu" in representing /k/ (now replaced with "k" in all instances) and

885-408: Is not all raucous revelry, but also a time to think about which direction the province takes. "Antique International Marathon" . race.ph . Retrieved May 10, 2021 . Maragtas The Maragtas is a work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro titled (in English translation) History of Panay from the first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants, from which they descended, to the arrival of

944-504: Is pronounced as istar and means 'to live (in)/location' (Compare with the Hiligaynon word puyô ). Example: Nagaistar ako sa tabuk suba. 'I live in tabuk suba'. Tabuk suba translates to 'other side of the river' and is also a barangay in Jaro, Iloilo. To indicate the existence of an object, the word may is used. Example: May EXIST idô dog (a)ko 1SG May idô (a)ko EXIST dog 1SG I have

1003-594: Is similar with the ancient leader of the Melanao called "Tugao". Despite the controversy on The Maragtas, it has definitely enriched the arts scene. Based on it, Ricaredo Demetillo wrote Barter in Panay, which won the UP Golden Jubilee Award for Poetry in 1958. He later extracted from it the verse tragedy The Heart of Emptiness is Black, which won the Palanca Award in 1973, and produced by

1062-1183: Is spoken in other neighboring provinces , such as Antique and Aklan in Western Visayas, Negros Oriental in Negros Island Region, Masbate in Bicol Region , and southern parts of Mindoro , Romblon and Palawan in Mimaropa . It is spoken as a second language by Kinaray-a speakers in Antique , Aklanon/Malaynon speakers in Aklan , Capiznon speakers in Capiz , Cebuano speakers in Negros Oriental , and spoken and understood by native speakers of Maguindanaon , Cebuano, Ilocano , Blaan , Tboli and other settler and indigenous languages in Soccsksargen in Mindanao . There are approximately 9,300,000 people in and out of

1121-659: Is the subject and which is the object ; rather, the affix of the verb determines this, though the ang -marked noun is always the topic. In addition to this, there are two verbal deictics , karí , meaning 'to come to the speaker', and kadto , meaning 'to go yonder'. Hiligaynon lacks the marker of sentence inversion ay of Tagalog/Filipino or hay of Akeanon. Instead sentences in SV form (Filipino: Di karaniwang anyo ) are written without any marker or copula. Examples: Si Sara ay maganda (Tagalog) Si Sara matahum / Gwapa si Sara (Hiligaynon) = 'Sara

1180-404: Is used medially to indicate the glottal stop san-o 'when' gab-e 'evening; night'. It is also used in reduplicated words: adlaw-adlaw 'daily, every day', from adlaw 'day, sun'. This marking is not used in reduplicated words whose base is not also used independently, as in pispis 'bird'. Hyphens are also used in words with successive sounds of /g/ and /ŋ/ , to separate

1239-419: The "Maragtas" . He said in the revised version of his doctoral dissertation, published in 1984: There is no reason to doubt that this legend preserves the memory of an actual event, but it is not possible to date the event itself or to decide which of its details are historic facts and which are the embellishment of generation of oral transmission. Anthropologist Patricia P. Magos asserts, ...the identity of

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1298-646: The Philippines by about 9.1 million people, predominantly in Western Visayas , Negros Island Region , and Soccsksargen , most of whom belong to the Hiligaynon people . It is the second-most widely spoken language in the Visayas and belongs to the Bisayan languages , and it is more distantly related to other Philippine languages . It also has one of the largest native language-speaking populations of

1357-505: The Philippines who are native speakers of Hiligaynon and an additional 5,000,000 capable of speaking it with a substantial degree of proficiency. Aside from Hiligaynon , the language is also referred to as Ilonggo , also spelled Ilongo , as it originated in Iloilo. Many speakers outside Iloilo argue, that this is an incorrect usage of the word Ilonggo . In precise usage, these people opine that Ilonggo should be used only in relation to

1416-522: The Philippines , despite it not being taught and studied formally in schools and universities until 2012. Hiligaynon is given the ISO 639-2 three-letter code hil , but has no ISO 639-1 two-letter code. Hiligaynon is mainly concentrated in the regions of Western Visayas ( Iloilo , Capiz , and Guimaras ), Negros Island Region ( Negros Occidental ), and Soccsksargen ( South Cotabato including General Santos , Sultan Kudarat , and North Cotabato ). It

1475-477: The Western Visayas region has suffered inconsistency with the every change of leadership of the province. In 2002, however, the provincial board of Antique passed a resolution fixing the date of the celebration in April, and when the management of the festival was given to Binirayan Foundation, Inc. the dates were set on the third weekend of April. In 2011, the date was again changed to December, and ever since, it

1534-519: The 800s. Historian Robert Nicholl implied that the Srivijayans of Sumatra, Vijayans of Vijayapura at Brunei and the Visayans in the Philippines were all related and connected to each other since they form one contiguous area. The notion that the Maragtas is an original work of fiction by Monteclaro is disputed by a 2019 Thesis, named "Mga Maragtas ng Panay: Comparative Analysis of Documents about

1593-451: The Bible into Hiligaynon and in traditional or formal speech. (**)The plural personal case markers are not used very often and not even by all speakers. Again, this is an example of a case marker that has fallen largely into disuse, but is still occasionally used when speaking a more traditional form of Hiligaynon, using fewer Spanish loan words. The case markers do not determine which noun

1652-597: The Binirayan Confab (initially billed as Binirayan Summit) as a gathering of scholars, academicians, researchers, artists, cultural workers, and almost anyone interested in "Antiqueniana." The confab serves as the intellectual strand of the festival, because according to the organizers, to make the Binirayan Festival closer to its vision of bringing together Antiqueños to look at their past with pride, and look ahead with confidence. The Binirayan festival

1711-685: The Binirayan Foundation introduced the Komedya Antiqueña as a sub-festival to promote the komedyas traditional folk theater. The ati-ati, now popularly known as " ati-atihan " in Philippine fiestas, used to be one of the main events of the festival. Patterned after the famous ati-ati of Aklan , the Binirayan ati-ati is participated in by people of all walks of life painting their faces with black soot. A tribe competition

1770-632: The Bornean Settlement Tradition" by Talaguit Christian Jeo N. of De La Salle University who stated that, "Contrary to popular belief, the Monteclaro Maragtas is not a primary source of the legend but is rather more accurately a secondary source at best" as the story of the Maragtas also appeared in the Augustinian Friar, Rev. Fr. Tomas Santaren’s Bisayan Accounts of Early Bornean Settlements (originally

1829-621: The Cultural Center of the Philippines. US-based dancer/choreographer Dulce Capadocia also used the Kapinangan strand of the Maragtas in her multi-media dance epic Ma'I Lost, which premiered at the Luckman Fine Arts Complex in 1999. Hiligaynon language Hiligaynon , also often referred to as Ilonggo or Binisayâ/Bisayâ nga Hiniligaynon/Inilonggo , is an Austronesian regional language spoken in

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1888-581: The Maragtas have corroboration in Chinese records during the Song Dyanasty when Chinese scholars recorded that the ruler during a February 1082 AD diplomatic meeting, was Seri Maharaja, and his descendant was Rajah Makatunaw and was together with Sang Aji (grandfather to Sultan Muhammad Shah). Madja-as could have an even earlier history since Robert Nicholl stated that a Bruneian (Vijayapuran) and Madjas (Mayd) alliance had existed against China as early as

1947-429: The Maragtas was not an original work but rather a transcription of earlier works was later given wider circulation by various academics, as detailed by Scott. Scott concludes that the Maragtas was an original work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro. Other Philippine historians, however, have other opinions. Their research led to an interesting theory that some of the data in the Maragtas is verifiable in other sources. In

2006-504: The Maragtas written in original syllabary "was brought to Spain in the early 19th century by a Spanish colonel, but it can no longer be traced". On the other hand, the American Anthropologist seemed also sure in his description of the text, and he described it as follows: Another feature of the Panay manuscript, now called "Maragtas", is the ancient writing in which it was originally inscribed. The Bornean Visayans, used

2065-592: The Panay-Bukidnon culture can be reconstructed through these epics which serve as their link to the ancient past". The text contains native language names of old settlements in Panay which were later hispanized and lists of stream and river deltas where the Malay settlers established coastal villages and cultivated with seeds of plants brought with them from the southern islands. This oral legend of ancient Hiligaynons rebelling against Rajah Makatunao as written in

2124-513: The Spaniards . The work is in mixed Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a languages in Iloilo in 1907. It is an original work based on written and oral sources available to the author. Nonetheless, whether the work is purely fictional has been debated. The Maragtas is an original work which purports to be based on written and oral sources of which no copy has survived. The author makes no claim that

2183-401: The Spanish colonizers called Arayas , which may be a Spanish misconception of the Hiligaynon words Iraya or taga-Iraya , or the current and more popular version Karay-a ('highlanders' – people of Iraya / highlands ). Similar to many languages in the Philippines , very little research on dialectology has been done on Hiligaynon. Standard Hiligaynon, is the dialect that is used in

2242-562: The UP Repertory Company and directed by noted stage director Behn Cervantes in June 1974. Jeremias Elizalde Navarro (J. Elizalde Navarro), who is from San Jose, Antique, immortalized a scene from Maragtas with two versions of the mural Bulawan nga Saduk, one of which could be viewed at the lobby of the Antique Provincial Capitol, and the other in the collection of an insurance company. Demetillo's play

2301-408: The absence of the letter "w" ("u" was formerly used in certain instances). The core alphabet consists of 20 letters used for expressing consonants and vowels in Hiligaynon, each of which comes in an uppercase and lowercase variety. The apostrophe ⟨'⟩ and hyphen ⟨-⟩ also appear in Hiligaynon writing, and might be considered separate letters. The hyphen, in particular,

2360-552: The ancestors of the Antiqueños. Current Malay-Ati performance show historical events, folk practices and lifestyles in Antique. The competition in April 2008 was a best of the best among festivals in the province. This year, 2017, a new event is being slated, the Antique International Marathon (AIM). It aims to showcase the pristine nature and hassle free lifestyle of the Antiqueños. It also intends to put

2419-415: The art of writing, they preserve their ancient lore through songs, which they sing in a very pleasing manner -commonly while plying their oars, as they are island-dwellers. Also, during their revelries, the singers who have good voices recite the exploits of olden times. In 1582, Loarca was not cognizant of any writing system used by the natives of Panay. Yet, at the later part of the Spanish colonization, it

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2478-489: The beginning and middle and sometimes final syllables and [ɛ] in final syllables. The vowels [ʊ] and [o] are also allophones, with [ʊ] always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and [o] always used when it ends a syllable. Hiligaynon is written using the Latin script . Until the second half of the 20th century, Hiligaynon was widely written largely following Spanish orthographic conventions. Nowadays there

2537-572: The epilog contains a few eighteenth-century dates. Philippine historians made little use of the Maragtas before the Japanese occupation, with references such as that by Josué Soncuya in his 1917 Historia Pre-Hispanica de Filipinas having been restricted to the Spanish-speaking elite. In a book published in 1984, the historian William Henry Scott wrote in reference to an interesting research related to Maragtas. Scott said that in 1947,

2596-519: The ethnolinguistic group of native inhabitants of Iloilo and the culture associated with native Hiligaynon speakers in that place, including their language. The disagreement over the usage of Ilonggo to refer to the language extends to Philippine language specialists and native laypeople. Historical evidence from observations of early Spanish explorers in the Archipelago shows that the nomenclature used to refer to this language had its origin among

2655-530: The festival was moved to April 25–27, but in the succeeding years was celebrated in December to coincide with the Christmas celebration in the province. In 1981, with the assumption of Governor Enrique A. Zaldivar, it was moved back to April. The festival was not celebrated in 1980, 1984–1987, and 1995 due to political crises. Consequently, the dates of the festival, which has become one of the major festivals in

2714-596: The first-ever non-Ilonggo tribe to win the competition. It also boosted the popularity of Binirayan Festival as a major festival in Region VI. In later years, however, the high cost of maintaining tribes, prevented many tribes join the ati-ati competition. In 2001, the Binirayan Executive Committee repackaged the competition as Malay-Ati competition to introduce the idea that the Malays and Ati are

2773-411: The fourth chapter concludes the tale of the ten datus, telling about their political arrangements and their circumnavigation of the island; the fifth chapter describes language, commerce, clothing, customs, marriages, funerals, mourning habits, cockfighting , timekeeping techniques, calendars, and personal characteristics; the sixth and final chapter gives a list of Spanish officials between 1637 and 1808;

2832-489: The legend in the novel form. From the Maragtas, Alex C. Delos Santos wrote the one-act play Pagtimalus ni Kapinangan (Kapinangan's Revenge), based on the chapter on Kapinangan's adulterous relationship. Delos Santos, however, rethinks the story and views it from Kapinangan's point of view, suggesting that the act was deliberate on Kapinangan's part because she felt that Sumakwel was so engrossed with his obligations as chieftain, forgetting Kapinangan and their marriage. The play

2891-512: The letters with the digraph NG. Like in the word gin-gaan 'was given'; without the hyphen, it would be read as gingaan /gi.ŋaʔan/ as opposed to /gin.gaʔan/ . In addition, some English letters may be used in borrowed words. Hiligaynon has three types of case markers: absolutive , ergative , and oblique . These types in turn are divided into personal, that have to do with names of people, and impersonal, that deal with everything else, and further into singular and plural types, though

2950-537: The people of the coasts or people of the Ilawod (" los [naturales] de la playa ") in Iloilo, Panay, whom Spanish explorer Miguel de Loarca called Yligueynes (or the more popular term Hiligaynon , also referred to by the Karay-a people as Siná ). The term Hiligaynon came from the root word ilig ('to go downstream'), referring to a flowing river in Iloilo. In contrast, the Kinaray-a has been used by what

3009-484: The plural impersonal case markers are just the singular impersonal case markers + mga (a contracted spelling for /maŋa/ ), a particle used to denote plurality in Hiligaynon. (*)The articles sing and sing mga means the following noun is indefinite , while sang tells of a definite noun, like the use of a in English as opposed to the ; however, it is not as common in modern speech, being replaced by sang . It appears in conservative translations of

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3068-669: The province at the center of sports tourism in the country. AIM will also spark the enthusiasm of the Antiqueños and everyone else to get into sports, go outdoors and have a healthy lifestyle. Part of the Registration Fee (10.00) will go to the beautification/upkeep of the Malandog River. Malandog River is the site where the Landing of the Ten Malayan Datus took place. In 2007, Binirayan Foundation convened

3127-512: The province of Iloilo , primarily in the northern and eastern portions of the province. It has a more traditional and extensive vocabulary, whereas the Urban Hiligaynon dialect spoken in Metro Iloilo has a more simplified or modern vocabulary. For example, the term for 'to wander,' 'to walk,' or 'to stroll' in Urban Hiligaynon is lágaw , which is also widely used by most of the Hiligaynon speakers, whereas in Standard Hiligaynon, dayán

3186-458: The work contains a transcription of particular pre-Hispanic documents. The work consists of a publisher's introduction by Salvador Laguda, a foreword by the author, six chapters, and an epilogue. The first chapter describes the former customs, clothes, dialect, heredity, organization, etc. of the Aetas of Panay, with special mention of Marikudo, son of old Chief Polpulan; the second chapter begins

3245-442: The written dates go earlier since Rajah Makatunaw was recorded to have been from 1082 AD as he was a descendant of Seri Maharaja in Chinese texts, while the Maragtas book placed him at the 1200s. As an elaboration, the scholar, J. Carrol in his article: "The Word Bisaya in the Philippines and Borneo" (1960) thinks there might be indirect evidence in the possible affinity between the Visayans and Melanaos as he speculates that Makatunao

3304-588: The year 2000, the Filipino anthropologist F. Landa Jocano , on his part wrote a quite different account about the findings of H. Otley Beyer. Jocano maintains that the manuscript that Beyer was referring to as "A remarkable document" was in fact the Mar ag tas , not the Mar gi tas . According to Beyer, the original text of the Maragtas was written in old syllabary, although the document was preserved in Romanized Bisayan in early Spanish days. Beyer claimed that

3363-548: Was discovered that various forms of ancient Filipino writing system were existing, including those used in the Visayas. The Archives of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, which contains the biggest collection of ancient documents in this writing system guarantees the proof of this. Scott himself had no doubt regarding the historicity of an event that led to the transmission of an oral tradition that came to be known as

3422-517: Was later adapted by playwright Orlando Nadres as "Kapinangan," a drama musical presented at the Manila Metropolitan Theater in 1981. It was directed by Cervantes, with music by Ryan Cayabyab, and starred Kuh Ledesma as Kapinangan, Robert Arevalo as Datu Sumakwel, and Hajji Alejandro as Gurong-gurong. Almost all the major writers in Panay, including Magdalena Jalandoni, Ramon Muzones, and Conrado Norada have written adaptations of

3481-636: Was presented in 2002 at St. Anthony's College, and as part of the trilogy "Tres Mujeres" presented at Iloilo National High School as part of the Duag Teatrokon Regional Theater Festival. In music and theater, Rolando Tinio , Jose Lardizabal, and National Artist for Music Lucrecia Kasilag produced Dulawaran: Ang Gintong Salakot in 1969 for the inauguration of the Cultural Center of the Philippines. In dance, Ballet Philippines produced Kapinangan choreography and Libretto by Eddie Elejar, and music by Lucrecia Kasilag at

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