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42-557: Binn ( Walser German : Bìi ) is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland . The Binn Valley is known for its rich mineral deposits, some types of which are unique to the area. The notable Lengenbach Quarry is in Binn. Binn was first mentioned in 1297 as Buen , Buyn , Bun , and Bondolun . Binn has an area, as of 2011, of 65 square kilometers (25 sq mi). Of this area, 25.7%

84-600: A Fachhochschule ). Of the 12 who completed tertiary schooling, 75.0% were Swiss men, 25.0% were Swiss women. During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 7 students in the Binn school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten . During that school year, there were no kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and there were no kindergarten students. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school . In Binn there

126-470: A schian ketschu in z'Überlann. Méin pappa ischt gsinh la déscendance, dschéin pappa, aschuan méin oalten atte, ischt gsinh aschuan doa .. Vitor van z'Überlann. Un té hedder kheen a su, hets amun gleit das méin pappa hetti kheisse amun Vitor. Eer het dschi gwéibut das s'het kheen sekschuvöfzg joar un het kheen zwia wetti das .. zwienu sén gsinh gmannutu un zwianu sén nöit gsinh gmannutu. Dsch'hen génh gweerhut middim un dschi pheebe middim. Un darnoa ischt mu gcheen

168-475: A total of 48 votes were cast, of which 2 or about 4.2% were invalid. The voter participation was 43.2%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 49 votes were cast, of which 2 or about 4.1% were invalid. The voter participation was 41.9%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 59.88%. As of  2010, Binn had an unemployment rate of 0.2%. As of 2008, there were 11 people employed in

210-447: A total of 67 apartments (35.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 97 apartments (51.9%) were seasonally occupied and 23 apartments (12.3%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.53%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Bogenbrücke (Bridge) with the chapel of St. Anton is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire village of Schmidigehischere and

252-572: A wénghjen eina discher wettu. » "My grandfather came from Gaby , my grandmother from Issime, from hamlet Praz. Stévenin was the father, the grandmother came from the Chémonal family. [...] The pasture [in the Bourines Valley] probably belonged to my grandfather. I don't know whether he was from my father's side. It belonged to my family, they had a beautiful house in Gaby. Victor, my father,

294-699: Is a distinction between impersonal and personal pronouns . The impersonal pronoun is mu , which is third person singular. The personal pronouns agree in number and case, with third person agreeing in gender as well for singular pronouns only. Table 7 Personal Pronouns: Neuter: äs/-s Fem: schi/-sch Neuter: äs/-s Fem: schi/-scha Neuter: imu/-mu Fem: iru/-ru The verbs in Pomattertitsch can be categorized into one of four classes depending on their past participle and infinitive endings: The two classes that are most productive are three and four. The third class

336-575: Is limited mutual intelligibility with High Alemannic forms of Swiss German (whose speakers are called Üsserschwyzer "outer Swiss" by the Walliser), and barely any mutual intelligibility with Standard German . In Italy, Walser German is almost never spoken between children of Walser people and is rarely spoken by their parents and most commonly by the grandparents. Often, older people will speak to younger people in Walser German, with

378-520: Is most productive in deriving verbs from nouns, and the fourth class is most productive in deriving loan-words from Italian. Table 8 Verb Conjugations in Present Indicative of 'Normal Verbs': Table 9 Verb Conjugations in Present Indicative of 'Special Verbs': In Pomattertitsch, a 'dummy' auxiliary tö 'do' followed by the infinitive form of a verb is common for the present indicative, subjunctive, and imperative. This insertion has

420-489: Is precipitation for an average of 8.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 11.2, but with only 122 mm (4.8 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 70 mm (2.8 in) of precipitation over 9.3 days. In Binn about 45 or (29.0%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 12 or (7.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or

462-489: Is shared by this group is the palatalization of Middle High German (MHG) -s- to -sch- . This is very typical of Walser German dialects in general. For Pomattertitsch, however, this does not apply to every word that contains - s -: su 'son' , sunna 'sun', and si 'to be'. The second feature is a change from -nk- to -ch- or -h-: German denken to Pomattertitsch teche 'think', German trinken to Pomattertitsch triche 'drink'. The final feature

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504-764: Is the lack of diphthongs where they are present in German words: German bauen to Pomattertitsch büwe 'build', German schneien to Pomattertitsch schnie 'snow'. Again, this section will be about the Walser German dialect Pomattertitsch. Pomattertitsch marks number (singular and plural) and gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) on nouns , like most dialects of German. It also marks case (nominative/accusative, genitive, dative) on nouns, although it has been reduced over time. It also distinguishes between strong and weak nouns. Table 1 Nouns: Pomattertitsch has definite (English 'the') and indefinite (English 'a') articles that agree in case, number, and gender with

546-468: Is the second most common (2 or 1.3%) and French is the third (1 or 0.6%). As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 52.1% male and 47.9% female. The population was made up of 72 Swiss men (50.7% of the population) and 2 (1.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 66 Swiss women (46.5%) and 2 (1.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 85 or about 54.8% were born in Binn and lived there in 2000. There were 32 or 20.6% who were born in

588-469: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and 57.0% is unproductive land. This village in the Swiss Alps is located at an elevation of 1,400 m (4,600 ft). It consists of the village of Schmidigehischere and the hamlets of Ze Binne, Wilere, Giesse and Fäld as well as part of the pilgrimage site of Heiligkreuz in

630-555: The Alps . These new settlements are known as Walser migration. In many of these settlements, people still speak Walser. Because the people who speak Walser German live in the isolated valleys of the high mountains, Walser German has preserved certain archaisms retained from Old High German which were lost in other variants of German. The dialect of the Lötschental , for instance, preserved three distinct classes of weak verbs until

672-758: The Late Middle Ages , people migrated out of the Upper Valais, across the higher valleys of the Alps . The Alemannic immigration to the Rhone valley started in the 8th century. There were presumably two different immigration routes, from what is now the Bernese Oberland , that led to two main groups of Walliser dialects. In the 12th or 13th century, the Walliser began to settle other parts of

714-550: The Swiss Reformed Church . 5 (or about 3.23% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 5 individuals (or about 3.23% of the population) did not answer the question. Binn has an average of 109.9 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,085 mm (42.7 in) of precipitation . The wettest month is October during which time Binn receives an average of 125 mm (4.9 in) of rain or snow. During this month there

756-443: The primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 7 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 32 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 9 businesses in this sector. There were 71 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.4% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs

798-559: The Leng Valley. Geisspfadsee and Züesee are located in the municipality. The Lengenbach Quarry (LGB) is noted among the mineralogical community for its unusual sulfosalt specimens. The mineralogy has been studied for nearly 200 years. Lengenbach is the type locality for 29 minerals. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure, issuant from Coupeaux Vert a triple (papal) Cross Or between in Chief two Greek Crosses of

840-407: The agent of the caused event, then the preposition z (separate word, not morpheme), and then the infinitive: und töt ds metjie z ässä 'and he makes the girl eat'. The imperative is expressed most commonly by using tö 'do' plus the infinitive, as stated above: tö frägä! 'do ask, ask!'. Another way is the bare indicative stem for the singular form, and the same present indicative form for

882-455: The ball into the goal thrown 'Peter threw the ball into the goal just now' In some dialects, specifically Gressoney, Formazza, and Rimella , the finite and non-finite verbs occur right next to each other, with the complements and adverbials at the end of the sentence. An example of this in Rimella is given below: de pappa òn d mamma hein gmacht ds chriz dem chénn the father and

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924-572: The beginning of the 20th century. Walser German dialects are considered endangered, and language shift to the majority language ( French , Italian , Standard German ) has taken place in the course of the later 20th century. Walser German is part of the Highest Alemannic group, most closely related to dialects spoken in the Bernese Oberland and in Central Switzerland ( Uri , Schwyz , Unterwalden , Glarus ). There

966-420: The dialects that compose Walser German are very different from each other as well. Specific Walser dialects can be traced to eastern or western dialects of the Upper Valais. Conservative Walser dialects are more similar to the respective groups of Wallis dialects than to neighboring Walser dialects. Because the dialects of Walser German are different from each other, it is difficult to make generalizations about

1008-401: The end of an inflected verb and after enclitic pronouns, if there are any in the sentence. The passive is expressed in Pomattertitsch by using the auxiliary cho 'come' followed by the past participle of the verb, which agrees in gender and number with the subject of the sentence: der salam chun röwä gässä 'salami is eaten raw'. The causative is expressed using tö 'do' followed by

1050-666: The hamlet of Fäld are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 70.68% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (19.75%), the SP (7.1%) and the FDP (2.47%). In the federal election, a total of 49 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.9%. In the 2009 Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election

1092-687: The language that apply to all the dialects. This section will be about the Walser German dialect of Formazza , or Pomattertitsch. Pomattertitsch is part of the Highest Alemannic German ( höchstalemannisch ) dialect group, which is made up of dialects that share similar features. The Highest Alemannic German group contains German dialects of Valais ; Walser German dialects in Italy and Ticino; and eastern Walser German dialects in Grisons, Vorarlberg, and Liechtenstein. The first feature that

1134-466: The meaning of the sentence. Table 10 Subjunctive 1: Table 11 Subjunctive 2: The Walser German dialect group has the same word order as German, for the most part. For some dialects, however, there is a change occurring in the word order of verbal brace constructions. In German, the finite verb occurs in the second position, and the non-finite verb occurs in the final position: Peter hat vorhin den Ball ins Tor geworfen Peter has just now

1176-460: The mother have made the cross to the child 'The father and mother made a cross for the child' This is a change from SOV (subject, object, verb) to SVO word order. This change is due to the increasing influence of Italian on Walser German. However, the SOV word order is still used when there is negation and when there is an inverted subject. Some southern dialects of Walser German are starting to omit

1218-406: The municipality. Walser German Usage of the terms Walser and Walliser has come to reflect a difference of geography, rather than language. The term Walser refers to those speakers whose ancestors migrated into other Alpine valleys in medieval times, whereas Walliser refers only to a speaker from Upper Valais – that is, the upper Rhone valley. In a series of migrations during

1260-440: The municipality. There were 76 married individuals, 10 widows or widowers and 4 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 69 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 25 households that consist of only one person and 4 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 72 households that answered this question, 34.7% were households made up of just one person. Of

1302-413: The noun: Table 2 Definite Articles: Table 3 Indefinite Articles: Adjectives also agree in number, and gender with the noun it is modifying in Pomattertitsch. For adjectives in the attributive position, there is also agreement in strong versus weak nouns, and in case. Table 4 Strong Attributive 'tired': Table 5 Weak Attributive 'tired': Table 6 Predicative 'tired': In Pomattertitsch, there

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1344-454: The plural: zel titsch, dü! 'speak German, you!' and chomet hier! 'come (pl) here!'. There are two different subjunctive forms used in Pomattertitsch. The first form is used mainly in reported speech and in subordinate clauses that follow 'say' or 'think'. It also occurs in complement clauses that follow das 'that'. The second form is used for the conditional mood, where the conjunction wenn 'if' can be omitted without changing

1386-654: The rest of the households, there are 19 married couples without children, 19 married couples with children There were 2 single parents with a child or children. There were 4 households that were made up of unrelated people and 3 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 87 single family homes (or 61.3% of the total) out of a total of 142 inhabited buildings. There were 37 multi-family buildings (26.1%), along with 8 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (5.6%) and 10 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (7.0%). In 2000,

1428-478: The same canton, while 26 or 16.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10 or 6.5% were born outside of Switzerland. The age distribution of the population (as of 2000) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 17.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 23.2%. As of 2000, there were 65 people who were single and never married in

1470-401: The same meaning as if the verb was to be conjugated normally: ich tö zellä 'I do speak/I speak'. There is not a preterite form in Pomattertitsch. Instead, past tense is expressed using the present perfect, which is formed with auxiliaries 'to be' and 'to have' followed by the past participle. On the other hand, the future tense is expressed morphologically by adding the particle de at

1512-420: The same. Binn has a population (as of December 2020) of 127. As of 2008, 2.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -17.4%. It has changed at a rate of -22.1% due to migration and at a rate of 2.9% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (152 or 98.1%) as their first language, Italian

1554-638: The subject pronoun of sentences, just having the inflection on the verb to indicate what the subject is. This phenomenon is known as pro-dropping, and is common among languages. Italian is a pro-drop language , and German is not, which means that Italian is influencing some southern dialects of Walser German. « Méin oalten atte ischt gsinh van in z'Überlann, un d'oaltun mamma ischt van Éischeme, ischt gsing héi van im Proa. Stévenin ischt gsinh dar pappa, la nonna ischt gsinh des Chamonal. [...] D'alpu ischt gsinh aschua van méin oalten pappa. Ich wiss nöit ol z'is heji... Ischt gsinh aschuan d'oaltu, un d'ketschu, gmachut

1596-457: The younger people responding in Italian. Walser German is most commonly but not exclusively used in private and familial settings when no non-speakers are present. The total number of speakers in the world estimated at 22,000 speakers (as of 2004), of whom about 10,000 are in Switzerland. Because the dialect group is quite spread out, there is rarely any contact between the dialects. Therefore,

1638-420: Was 39. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 7, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 6, all of which were in manufacturing. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 26. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 7.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 18 or 69.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was a technical professional or scientist, 1

1680-441: Was from his lineage, his father, my grandfather, came from over there... Victor le gabençois. Later he had a son, to whom he gave his name, so that my father's name was Victor too. He then got married when he was 56, and he had four sisters, two of them got married and two did not. They always worked and lived with him. Later one of them died." Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites The Federal Inventory of Heritage Sites (ISOS)

1722-432: Was in education. In 2000, there were 6 workers who commuted into the municipality and 33 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.5 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 5.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 45.1% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 135 or 87.1% were Roman Catholic , while 10 or 6.5% belonged to

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1764-468: Was one class and 7 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower secondary students from Binn attend their school in a neighboring municipality. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality. As of 2000, there were 5 students from Binn who attended schools outside

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