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20-510: Drawing largely from a successful American Cast Iron Pipe Company Industrial League team, the Black Barons were organized in 1920 for the inaugural season of Rube Foster 's Negro Southern League , which operated mainly as a minor league. They played in that league for three years before making the leap to the larger Negro National League , which operated as a major league. They were unable to keep their position due to irregularities with

40-492: A cast ferrous alloy using magnesium for ductile iron production. Ductile iron is not a single material but part of a group of materials which can be produced with a wide range of properties through control of their microstructure. The common defining characteristic of this group of materials is the shape of the graphite. In ductile irons, graphite is in the form of nodules rather than flakes as in grey iron . Whereas sharp graphite flakes create stress concentration points within

60-535: A component of mischmetal , has also been studied as a possible nodulizer . Austempered ductile iron (ADI; i.e., austenite tempered ) was discovered in the 1950s but was commercialized and achieved success only some years later. In ADI, the metallurgical structure is manipulated through a sophisticated heat treating process. Elements such as copper or tin may be added to increase tensile and yield strength while simultaneously reducing ductility. Improved corrosion resistance can be achieved by replacing 15–30% of

80-674: A generation of deLavaud metal molds, still used today. Throughout the 1960s, American would continue to diversify, adding its valves and hydrants product line and gaskets. In the early 1980s American expanded its steel pipe business and acquired Waterous Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, to add fire pumps to its product line and increase market share in valves and hydrants. In 2000, American opened American SpiralWeld Pipe Company in Columbia, South Carolina , diversifying its product line to include spiral-welded steel pipe in diameters up to 144 inches (3,700 mm). In 2015, American began operations at

100-1144: A new spiral-welded pipe production facility in Flint, Michigan . A third facility opened in Paris, Texas , in 2021. Its Steel Pipe Division would also see major developments. In 2015, American Steel Pipe completed a $ 70-million expansion, including a new 150,000-square-foot processing facility and upgrades to its two mills. ACIPCO has divisions for Steel Pipe, Ductlie Iron Pipe (both based in Birmingham), Flow Control (valve- and hydrant-producing facilities in Beaumont, Texas , and South St. Paul, Minnesota ), Spiral-Weld Pipe (in Columbia, South Carolina; Flint, Michigan; and Paris, Texas), and Castings (in Pryor, Oklahoma ). Ductile iron Ductile iron , also known as ductile cast iron , nodular cast iron , spheroidal graphite iron , spheroidal graphite cast iron and SG iron ,

120-471: Is a manufacturer of ductile iron pipe, spiral-welded steel pipe, fire hydrants , and valves for the waterworks industry, and electric-resistance-welded steel pipe for the oil and natural gas industry. Headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama , American's diversified product line also includes static castings and high performance fire pumps. American was founded by Charlotte and James Blair. They recruited

140-663: Is a type of graphite -rich cast iron discovered in 1943 by Keith Millis . While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle , ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions. Augustus F. Meehan was awarded U.S. patent 1,790,552 in January 1931 for inoculating iron with calcium silicide to produce ductile iron subsequently licensed as Meehanite , still produced as of 2024 . In October 1949 Keith Dwight Millis, Albert Paul Gagnebin and Norman Boden Pilling, all working for INCO , received U.S. patent 2,485,760 on

160-478: Is specifically useful in many automotive components, where strength must surpass that of aluminum but more expensive steel is not necessarily required. Other major industrial applications include off-highway diesel trucks, class 8 trucks , agricultural tractors, and oil well pumps. In the wind power industry ductile iron is used for hubs and structural parts like machine frames. Ductile iron is suitable for large and complex shapes and high (fatigue) loads. Ductile iron

180-536: The Homestead Grays that decade, forging a notable rivalry. As the National and American Leagues started signing talented African American players, the Black Barons tried to form a new Negro Southern League with three other Southern teams. The franchise was owned by William Bridgeforth from 1952 to 1955, and by Sid Lynor and Floyd Meshac in 1955. Dr. Anderson Ross purchased the franchise in 1956 and renamed

200-663: The Negro American League in 1940. Early in the decade the team was sold again to Abraham Saperstein who also owned the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team. In 1943 and 1944 they won back-to-back pennants. Starting in 1945, they became full members of the Negro American League and continued their success, winning a third pennant in 1948 with the help of teenage outfielder Willie Mays . They ended up losing three Negro World Series to

220-630: The iron in the alloy with varying amounts of nickel , copper, or chromium . Other ductile iron compositions often have a small amount of sulfur as well. Silicon as a graphite formation element can be partially replaced by aluminum to provide better oxidation protection. Much of the annual production of ductile iron is in the form of ductile iron pipe , used for water and sewer lines. It competes with polymeric materials such as PVC , HDPE , LDPE and polypropylene , which are all much lighter than steel or ductile iron; being softer and weaker, these require protection from physical damage. Ductile iron

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240-755: The 1948 and 1949 seasons. Mule Suttles was a member of the Black Barons in 1924 and 1925 seasons. Suttles was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006. Other players, like Artie Wilson , Bill Greason , and Jay Heard also saw limited time (under 20 games each) in the Major Leagues. The following Black Barons players have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York . American Cast Iron Pipe Company American Cast Iron Pipe Company

260-659: The Birmingham Barons and Montgomery Biscuits played as their Negro League predecessors of the Birmingham Black Barons and Montgomery Gray Sox; the game was broadcast live on the MLB Network . Of particular note is that the game was paused in the bottom of the 7th inning for the announcement that baseball great Willie Mays had died. Montgomery won the game 6-5. In addition to Satchel Paige , Willie Mays also played as center fielder during both

280-418: The industry standard. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 had little effect on the company at first, but soon, business started to decline resulting in a loss of jobs. By the mid-1930s, government spending on municipal water supplies, fire protection, and sanitation brought a resurgence in business. In 1939, business was further boosted by federal defense spending to support World War II . When the country entered

300-520: The initial investors, including John J. Eagan , who was the company's first president and later sole proprietor. In 1924, Eagan died of complications from tuberculosis . Upon his death, having previously acquired all of the stock of the company, he willed ownership of the company in a trust to its employees. In the 1920s, American developed a proprietary Mono-Cast centrifugal casting method and increased pipe diameters to 24 inches (610 mm). The company also introduced cement-lined pipe, which became

320-407: The metal matrix, rounded nodules inhibit the creation of cracks, thus providing the enhanced ductility that gives the alloy its name. Nodule formation is achieved by adding nodulizing elements , most commonly magnesium (magnesium boils at 1100 °C and iron melts at 1500 °C) and, less often now, cerium (usually in the form of mischmetal ). Tellurium has also been used. Yttrium , often

340-831: The team finances and returned to the Southern League for three more years. Their return to the National League in 1927 was marked by the emergence of star pitcher Satchel Paige , who led the Black Barons to the second half pennant. They lost the Negro National League title to the Chicago American Giants in four straight games. For the next decade or so they alternated leagues before being bought by Memphis, Tennessee funeral home director Tom Hayes in December 1939. The club joined

360-564: The team the Birmingham Giants. The Black Barons played their last game in 1960. The 1999 Rickwood Classic honored the Black Barons, with the Birmingham Barons and Huntsville Stars wearing throwback uniforms. Some 35 former Negro leagues players, including former Black Baron Charley Pride , attended. On February 26, 2006, ESPN Classic broadcast a throwback game from Rickwood Field featuring amateur players in

380-471: The uniforms of the Birmingham Black Barons and fictitious "Bristol Barnstormers". The style of play, the equipment and the umpires all reflected the 1940s game. Willie Mays and Charley Pride were both in attendance. The Black Barons rallied to break an eighth inning tie and win the game, 9–8. On June 18, 2024, as part of Major League Baseball's Tribute to the Negro Leagues event held at Rickwood Field,

400-420: The war, American began manufacturing steel parts for ships, planes, and tanks, which led to the creation of a new Special Products Division for steel products. In 1955, American shipped its first large order of ductile iron pipe. A new melting system in 1972, including the largest cupola of its kind in the world, would supply the new iron for this pipe, and American would move from a Sand Spun casting process to

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