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63-529: The Institute showcases a walking journey through the "living institution", which displays the lessons of the past as a positive way to chart new directions for the future. The permanent exhibitions are a self-directed journey through Birmingham's contributions to the Civil Rights Movement and human rights struggles. Multimedia exhibitions focus on the history of African-American life and the struggle for civil rights. The Oral History Project, one of

126-787: A Digitization Suite in the Natural History Building in Washington, D.C. Macaw is an open-source metadata collection tool written by Joel Richard in the Digital Services Division. Macaw accomplishes 3 tasks in the scanning workflow: (1) import and manage images from input device (scanner or camera); (2) collect page-level metadata about physical aspects of scanned page; (3) post-processing and exporting digital book to other systems. The Libraries frequently creates exhibitions, often in collaboration with other organizations and scholars within and outside

189-505: A chemical laboratory, a gallery of art, lecture rooms, and a library. The Smithsonian Libraries system as it exists today was not established until 1968, when Secretary S. Dillon Ripley realized that the existing library organization was greatly in need of an overhaul. He created a new position, Director of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, and hired Russell Shank to fill the role. Shank reorganized

252-733: A conservation lab." The Smithsonian Libraries and Smithsonian Institution Archives merged in December 2020. The collections held by the Libraries reflect the various disciplines and scholarly pursuits of the curators and researchers of the Smithsonian Institution. Strengths in the collections include the following areas: The Smithsonian Libraries also holds the United States ' largest trade literature collection, which includes nearly commercial catalogs dating from

315-478: A copy of the institution's mission statement, an organizational chart, an annual report, and a facilities report that follows the American Alliance of Museums format. Once approved, Affiliates sign a Smithsonian Affiliations Agreement and are assigned a National Outreach Manager to oversee loans and projects. All loan agreements are set for defined period of time. Affiliate organizations participate in

378-621: A crucial resource for research and education communities at the Smithsonian, within the United States, and around the world. The original library was founded by an Act of Congress on August 10, 1846, when the Smithsonian Institution was named a trust instrumentality of the United States. The Act created a Board of Regents for the Institution, and called for a building to house a museum with geological and mineralogical cabinets,

441-600: A growth in the number of Smithsonian Libraries branches, brought about by a range of donations to the Institution. In 1976, ten thousand rare scientific books and manuscripts were gifted to the Smithsonian by the Burndy Library , prompting the creation of the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology under the Smithsonian umbrella. Several years later, large donations of artifact collections led to

504-497: A number of professional training, outreach, and programming initiatives coordinated by the Smithsonian Affiliations office. The Smithsonian Affiliations program supports, develops, and organizes a number of collaborative programs to promote education in science, art, history, and culture. Affiliate organizations exchange ideas, professional research, and information about programming and exhibitions through

567-565: A tenure as Archivist which included the 1973 establishment of an oral history program, and the 1976 relocation of the Archives to the Arts and Industries Building . Most of the Smithsonian museums increased acquisitions and conducted surveys during this period; new guides were issued 1971 and 1978. In 1981, William A. Deiss became Acting Archivist, upon Lytle's departure to head up the Smithsonian's computer services. 1983 saw yet another new guide to

630-598: A variety of activities including lecture, traveling exhibitions, workshops and reciprocal membership. Affiliate organizations share research, exhibitions, and institutional updates through a variety of social media including the Smithsonian Affiliations website, the Affiliate Blog, the quarterly newsletter The Affiliate , the electronic newsletter E-Affiliate , YouTube , Flickr , Facebook and Twitter . The following are representative samples of loans of artifacts, works of art, and scientific specimens loaned by

693-512: Is a division of the Smithsonian Institution that establishes long-term partnerships with non-Smithsonian museums and educational and cultural organizations in order to share collections, exhibitions and educational strategies and conduct joint research. Partner organizations are known as " Smithsonian Affiliates ". The Smithsonian Affiliations program was established in 1996 by Smithsonian Secretary I. Michael Heyman with

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756-795: Is a founding member and is the headquarters for the Biodiversity Heritage Library . Digitized books are provided through the Biodiversity Heritage Library and indexed in both the Smithsonian's Collections Search and through the Digital Public Library of America. Their mass digitization efforts operation partners with the Internet Archive . In-house digitization locations include an Imaging Center in Landover, Maryland, and

819-750: Is also located at the National Museum of Natural History. Additionally, the National Air and Space Museum Library features special collections housed in both the Dewitt Clinton Ramsey Room and the Aerospace Legacy Materials Collection Gift Collection (ALM Collection). Located in the National Air and Space Museum's Mall location, the Dewitt Clinton Ramsey Room houses rare books, serials, oral histories, vertical files, and

882-428: Is no value in being just the largest if we do not share the Smithsonian with as many people as possible. It means making sure those who cannot travel to Washington can somehow experience and enjoy the Smithsonian." – Secretary I. Michael Heyman At the end of the 1997 fiscal year, there were 21 organizations recognized as Affiliates. As of 2017, there were over 200 Affiliates. Partner organizations are allowed to use

945-483: Is part of the larger Technical Services Division. It offers services on a fee basis to other archives and repositories, including offsite storage at the Boyers, Pennsylvania facility. The Smithsonian Center for Archives Conservation was created with initial funding of $ 100,000, provided by Eleanor McMillan, which supported the salary of a paper conservator. The Institutional History Division has authored an online history of

1008-585: The 113th United States Congress , a bill which awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley to commemorate the lives they lost 50 years ago in the bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church . The gold medal was given to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute to display or loan out to other museums. On March 21, 2016, Rep. Terri Sewell introduced to

1071-593: The Biodiversity Heritage Library and the Digital Public Library of America . Formerly two separate units within the Smithsonian, the Smithsonian Libraries and Smithsonian Institution Archives merged in 2020. The Smithsonian Libraries promotes new ideas through knowledge sharing. We play a dynamic role in advancing scientific and cultural understanding and in preserving America's heritage. Our expert staff and extensive collections are

1134-684: The Hirshhorn Museum Library Audio Archive , Postal Files at the Smithsonian National Postal Museum Library , the E. F. Caldwell & Co. Collection of lighting fixtures at the Cooper-Hewitt Museum Library , and Art & Artists Files . Smithsonian Research Online provides a database of citations and full texts of publications by Smithsonian scholars and scientists. The Smithsonian Libraries

1197-928: The Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico in San Juan, Puerto Rico . The Senator John Heinz History Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has on loan from the National Museum of American History a Bantam Jeep and a piece of the original Star Spangled Banner Flag . Yokohama prints from the Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery were loaned to the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, California for

1260-664: The National Museum of Natural History including painted gourds and a 5-foot-tall monolith from the Nicaraguan island of Momotombito. The Historic Arkansas Museum borrowed over 40 artifacts from the National Museum of the American Indian for the exhibit We Walk in Two Worlds: The Caddo, Osage and Quapaw in Arkansas . The Smithsonian American Art Museum loaned three José Campeche paintings to

1323-984: The United States House of Representatives H.R. 4817, a bill that would designate the Birmingham Civil Rights District , including the Civil Rights Institute, as a National Park. On March 28, 2016, the bill was referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. However, a portion of the district was designated by executive order by President Obama as the Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument on January 12, 2017. 33°30′58″N 86°48′54″W  /  33.516°N 86.815°W  / 33.516; -86.815 Smithsonian Affiliations Smithsonian Affiliations

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1386-711: The Archives as a facility for historical research in American Science by making the Archives' resources more readily accessible to historians through better identification, preservation , and cataloging of Smithsonian documents." The Archives were physically relocated to the Smithsonian Castle , and received separate line-item funding. Nathan Reingold, the editor of the Joseph Henry Papers Project, served as Acting Archivist from 1969 to 1970. In January 1970, Richard H. Lytle began

1449-640: The Bella Landauer Collection of sheet music. Housed in the Smithsonian Institution Libraries’ Research Annex in Landover, Maryland, the ALM Collection is a growing body of largely grey literature in the form of government manuals, reports, studies, and surveys capturing the history and evolution of civil aviation. The organization's archives consist of material related to art, history, science and

1512-554: The Commission believed it, "could make the Institution more reflective of our nation… [as well as] address the problem of storing, curating, studying, and exhibiting the constantly growing collections." In 1996, during his second year as Secretary, Heyman observed several challenges facing the Institution. Closely aligned with the announcements presented by the "Commission on the Future of the Smithsonian Institution" in 1993, Heyman

1575-425: The History of Science and Technology contains 35,000 books and 2,000 manuscripts related to the history of science and technology. Established in 1976 with a donation from Bern Dibner , the Dibner Library is housed in the National Museum of American History . The Cullman Library of Natural History holds some 10,000 volumes published before 1840 in the fields of anthropology and natural sciences. The Cullman Library

1638-653: The Sant Ocean Hall exhibit at the National Museum of Natural History . "The Peoria Falcon," a sheet of copper stylized in the form of a falcon, was loaned to the Lakeview Museum of Arts and Sciences (now Peoria Riverfront Museum) in Peoria, Illinois by the National Museum of Natural History . The artifact was created during the Mississippian Period and excavated near Peoria, Illinois in

1701-400: The Smithsonian Institution Libraries formally changed its name to Smithsonian Libraries "to simplify and strengthen the Libraries as part of an overall rebranding in the modern era". The Smithsonian Libraries and Smithsonian Institution Archives merged in December 2020 and the organization changed its name to the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives. In 1891, William Jones Rhees, Chief Clerk of

1764-710: The Smithsonian Institution to Smithsonian Affiliate organizations. The National Museum of American History loaned the Pioneer (locomotive) , a Civil War -era locomotive, to the B&;O Railroad Museum in Baltimore, Maryland for the exhibit The War Came by Train . Thomas Moran 's painting The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone , in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum ,

1827-480: The Smithsonian Institution, became Keeper of the Archives. He served until 1907. Current records and historical files were maintained by Office of the Secretary's administrative staff through the middle of the 20th century. John F. Jameson III became Archivist in 1958. His successor, John DeGurse, Jr., served from 1960 to 1964. Beginning in 1965, Smithsonian Archivist Samuel T. Suratt was charged with "development of

1890-666: The Smithsonian websites. It has also conducted joint research on e-mail record preservation with the Rockefeller Archive Center . The Smithsonian Institution Archives moved into the Capital Gallery Building in August 2006, and has "a state-of-the-art storage facility; a reading room; several special viewing/listening rooms; processing and preservation space; digital imaging and audiovisual processing facilities; an oral history interview studio; and

1953-486: The Smithsonian with reports and information necessary to monitor the state of the partnership, and uphold the integrity of the Board of Regents. To become an Affiliate, organizations submit an application package to Smithsonian Affiliations. Applicants provide documentation that confirms IRS status as a 501(c)(3) entity and a narrative detailing how the agreement will be mutually beneficial. Applications must also include

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2016-411: The Smithsonian, and provides web access to over 3,000 digital images. The 12-volume Joseph Henry Papers Project , a history of the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, was published in 2007. The Electronic Records Division has held digital records since the mid-1990s, and works with " risk management , preservation and conservation" of data in current and obsolete formats, including archiving of

2079-426: The Smithsonian. Many exhibitions have a digital component. A representative selection of Smithsonian Libraries and Archives exhibits include Artists Books and Africa , Once There Were Billions: Vanished Birds of North America , Cultivating America's Gardens , Fantastic Worlds , and Paper Engineering: Fold, Pull, Pop & Turn . Additionally, Smithsonian Libraries is the home of Library and Archival Exhibitions on

2142-593: The Special Collections Department which is primarily dedicated to that purpose. According to its mission statement, "The Special Collections Department arranges, describes, houses, and provides access to the rare books, manuscripts, and special collections held in the two dedicated special collections libraries of Smithsonian Institution Libraries." Access is provided to Smithsonian Institution curators, researchers, and other staff as well as outside scholars by appointment. The Dibner Library of

2205-483: The approval of the Smithsonian Board of Regents, in response to several challenges the Institution faced at the time: a decrease in federal funding, limited storage space for expanding collections, and the need to make the Institution more reflective of the nation without operating additional museums outside of Washington, D.C. In 1993, the Commission on the Future of the Smithsonian Institution introduced

2268-702: The arts. The guidelines of Smithsonian Affiliations establishes that the Smithsonian Institution maintain appropriate control over all collections loaned and that Affiliates cover all costs associated with borrowing and exhibiting objects. To qualify as an Affiliate, an organization must prove that it is able to properly care for, protect, and exhibit Smithsonian collections on a long-term basis. Strong applicants are organizations that are fiscally sound and capable of developing, installing, and evaluating professional exhibitions. While serving as an Affiliate, organizations are required to grant Smithsonian Institution curators and personnel access to visit borrowed artifacts, provide

2331-752: The children's television series, Captain Kangaroo , a three-wheel Westcoaster Mailster used by the United States Postal Service in the 1960s, and two oil on canvass paintings of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall and Seneca Chief Red Jacket . The National Museum of American History loaned Kermit the Frog to the National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium in Dubuque, Iowa for use in

2394-485: The early nineteenth century, representing about 40,000 companies. Most of the Smithsonian Libraries are located in the Washington, D.C., area, where most of the Smithsonian Institution's museums and research centers are. Other locations include New York City; Suitland, Maryland; Edgewater, Maryland; and the Republic of Panama. While all Smithsonian libraries hold some special collections material, two libraries comprise

2457-524: The exhibit Japan After Perry: Views of Yokohama and Meiji Japan . The National Postal Museum loaned stamp designs and drawings created by president Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Blackhawk Museum in Danville, California . Smithsonian Institution Archives Smithsonian Libraries and Archives is an institutional archives and library system comprising 21 branch libraries serving

2520-720: The exhibit Toadally Frogs! The Annmarie Sculpture Garden in Solomons, Maryland has over 20 sculptures on loan from the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden . The National Museum of Natural History loaned the Smithsonian Community Reef to the Putnam Museum and IMAX Theatre in Davenport, Iowa . The reef is composed of thousands of crocheted natural reef forms and was a highlight of

2583-640: The expanding repositories, and the appointment of William W. Moss as Director. By fiscal year 1988, the stacks in the Arts and Industry Building had filled up, and about 5,000 cubic feet of records were sent to leased warehouses at Fullerton Industrial Park, South Springfield, Virginia. New developments included the Smithsonian Archives and Special Collections Council, The Smithsonian Videohistory Program, which collected interviews focused on American science starting in 1987, and an "exhaustive survey" of

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2646-422: The first proposal for initiatives promoting strategic, collections-based partnerships at the Institution. The Commission, composed of 22 members appointed by the Smithsonian Board of Regents, was charged with examining the Institution's ability to uphold James Smithson 's vision of an organization dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge" despite a changing society and increasing financial hardships. Of

2709-444: The formation of new museums for subjects such as African art , American Indian culture and postal history and a new library branch was subsequently formed for each of these as well. The 1990s introduced an expansion of the Libraries' focus to improve their ability to reach and educate the general public. The introduction of electronic and Internet technology played a large role in spurring this new outreach endeavor. In 1999, under

2772-580: The four initiatives proposed by the Commission: Educate More of the Nation's People; Collections, Research and Exhibitions; Governance; and Assure the Future, two directly called for the creation of strategic partnerships and making artifacts in the collections accessible to other museums. To Educate More of the Nation's People : "Build collaborative partnerships with other museums, research centers, and educational institutions throughout

2835-655: The history of the 19 museums and galleries, the National Zoological Park, 9 research facilities, and the people of the Smithsonian. The Smithsonian Libraries and Archives is dedicated to advancing scientific and cultural understanding as well as preserving American heritage. The organization's Book Conservation Lab and other preservation efforts work to ensure long-term access to library and archival resources. Additional efforts include educational programs for learners of all ages, hosting internships and fellowships, and participating in collaborative projects such as

2898-824: The humanities. This includes document, image, audio-visual, electronic, oral history, and video history collections about expeditions, biographies, and general history about the Smithsonian Institution. Digital initiatives are conducted by cross-disciplinary teams that include staff from the Division of Digital Programs and Initiatives and other divisions. They include publications, images, collections and objects such as online exhibits, webcasts, finding aids, digital versions of print editions, bibliographies, etc. The organization's digital collections include over 35,000 digitized books and manuscripts along with digitized photo collections, ephemera, and seed catalogs. Separately indexed collections of bibliographies, photos, and ephemera include

2961-533: The largest traveling exhibition Smithsonian ever mounted, America's Smithsonian . Secretary Heyman made formal announcements about the Affiliations program while delivering opening remarks for the Smithsonian's 150th Birthday Party on the Mall and in a number of cities for the opening of America's Smithsonian : "The Smithsonian of the future must provide access to its collections and its vast resources. There

3024-434: The late 1850s. The National Postal Museum loaned the Railway Post Office to the North Carolina Transportation Museum in Spencer, North Carolina . The National Museum of Natural History loaned an 18-karat gold Monopoly set covered with precious gemstones to the Museum of American Finance in New York, New York . The board game was designed by artist Sidney Mobell . The National Museum of Natural History loaned

3087-434: The leadership of director Robert Maloy, Smithsonian Libraries staff completed a fourteen-year long effort to create a public access online catalog, with 97 percent of their then-holdings gaining digital records. The Smithsonian Research Information System (SIRIS) was introduced in the 2000s, providing the capability to search records of text, images, video and sound files from across the Smithsonian Institution. In March 2013,

3150-453: The library staff and procedures, and created a modern, unified system with central services and a union catalog. By 1977, when Shank left, the quality and research value of the scientific collections were recognized nationally, and SIL was invited to join the Association of Research Libraries . SIL was granted a seat on the executive board of the Federal Libraries and Information Centers Coordinating Committee. The late 1970s and 1980s also saw

3213-469: The museum's multimedia exhibits, documents Birmingham's role in the Civil Rights Movement through the voices of movement participants. The museum is an affiliate in the Smithsonian Affiliations program. Through this program, the museum can acquire long-term loans and is currently hosting the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service exhibition "Let Your Motto Be resistance." On May 24, 2013, President Barack Obama signed into law H.R. 360 from

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3276-406: The nation." Collections, Research and Exhibitions : "Shape a master plan for maintenance of the priceless collections, including the sharing of collections through long-term or permanent loans to partner institutions." Significant emphasis was placed on the benefits that partnerships with outside museums would create for the Institution. By dispersing artifacts to museums in a responsible way,

3339-399: The original Apollo 13 command module and the space suit worn by commanding astronaut James Lovell , were loaned to the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, Kansas . The Durham Museum in Omaha, Nebraska borrowed 174 artifacts for the exhibit American Originals: Collections from the Smithsonian . Borrowed artifacts included the jacket worn by Bob Keeshan while filming

3402-426: The past by different Smithsonian museums, no infrastructure existed to provide institution-wide oversight and coordination of such partnerships. Heyman responded to these challenges by creating the Smithsonian Affiliations program to oversee and manage collections-based partnerships with other museums. As stated by the minutes from the Smithsonian Board of Regents meeting housed in the Smithsonian Institution Archives ,

3465-437: The photographs housed in Smithsonian facilities. Moss continued as director of the reorganized Office of Smithsonian Institution Archives in 1993, which contained an Archives Division, an Institutional History Division, and a National Collections Program. Pamela M. Henson succeeded Moss as Acting Director in 1993, followed by John F. Jameson Fr. in 1994. In 1994, Edie Hedlin became Director. She served until 2005, presiding over

3528-554: The present (as of 2012) Director, Anne Van Camp . The Archives division consisted of three divisions: a Records Management (RM) Team, the Arrangement and Description Team which created " finding aids , bibliographic records, and agency histories" and the Reference Team responding to visits and remote queries from researchers. The Records Management Team took over the work of the Arrangement and Description Team in 2007. The Preservation Team, responsible for long-term preservation of Smithsonian Archives materials, consultation, and outreach,

3591-421: The program was formally approved by the Board of Regents on September 15, 1996. Using the occasion of the Smithsonian Institution's 150th Anniversary, Smithsonian Affiliations was one of several outreach initiatives introduced by Heyman to expand the Institution's national reach. In addition to the Affiliations program, the Institution became more accessible through its presence on the World Wide Web and through

3654-453: The skeleton of the racehorse, "Lexington," to the International Museum of the Horse in Lexington, Kentucky The top hat worn by president Abraham Lincoln on the night of his assassination was loaned to the Blackhawk Museum in Danville, California by the National Museum of American History . The exhibit, Smithsonian Expeditions: Exploring Latin American and the Caribbean at the Miami Museum of Science , borrowed several artifacts from

3717-608: The tag line "In Association with the Smithsonian Institution" and the approved Smithsonian Affiliations logo on their website, programming, and marketing material. Any 501(c)(3) nonprofit or publicly operated educational entity can apply to become a Smithsonian Affiliate. Smithsonian Affiliations considers membership proposals from organizations that will advance the Smithsonian Institution's mission and strategic plan. Successful applicants are non-profit or publicly operated organizations whose missions are directed toward advancing research, knowledge, and education in science, history, and

3780-413: The transition to electronic information and the creation of the first websites. The "fourth (and last) printed Guide to the Smithsonian Archives ... described over 1,100 record units comprising some 15,500 cubic feet of archival material," and appeared in 1996. Many archival records were moved to a storage facility, Iron Mountain , in 1997. Acting Director Thomas Soapes served from 2005 to 2007, followed by

3843-466: The various Smithsonian Institution museums and research centers . The Libraries and Archives serve Smithsonian Institution staff as well as the scholarly community and general public with information and reference support. Its collections number nearly 3 million volumes including 50,000 rare books and manuscripts. The Libraries' collections focus primarily on science, art, history and culture, and museology . The archives include materials documenting

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3906-469: Was faced with the challenges of dwindling storage for expanding collections, decreasing funds, and the need to reinforce the Smithsonian's identity as the nation's museum. In addition, the Institution began to see increased interest from outside museums for partnerships and loans of artifacts that extended beyond standing practices. Although collaborative agreements in the form of traveling exhibitions, joint exhibition sponsorship, and loans had been entered in

3969-417: Was loaned to the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming . The massive painting was on view from June 1, 2009 through October 31, 2009. Artifacts from the Bisbee Mineral Collection at the National Museum of Natural History were loaned to the Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum in Bisbee, Arizona for use in the exhibit Digging In: Bisbee's Mineral Heritage . Over 140 space objects, including

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