Misplaced Pages

#35964

77-430: Birzeit University offers graduate and undergraduate programs in information technology, engineering, sciences, social policy, arts, law, nursing, pharmacy, health sciences, economics, and management. It has 9 faculties, including a graduate faculty. These offer 76 Bachelor of Arts programs for undergraduate students and 39 Master of Arts programs for graduate students. As of 2020, more than 15,000 students are enrolled in

154-471: A Bachelor of Science (BS) has a greater focus on science, math, and engineering. The Bachelor of Arts degree is a type of baccalaureate degree . A Bachelor of Arts degree is usually completed in four years: that is, it requires four years of full-time coursework during term time. However, just as with other degrees, some may require a longer time period. This is due to factors such as the student's ability, motivation, and access to financial assistance to earn

231-513: A Hochschule , which is the generic term in Germany for all institutions awarding academic degrees. Fachhochschule is often translated as "University of Applied Sciences". Universitäten place greater emphasis on fundamental science and background in theory, while Fachhochschulen are generally designed with a focus on teaching professional skills. Degrees earned at Universitäten and Fachhochschulen are legally equivalent. In Germany,

308-456: A BA or BSc degree. However, some older or ancient universities , such as Oxford , Cambridge , and Trinity College Dublin traditionally award BAs to undergraduates having completed the final examinations, e.g., Part II Tripos (Cambridge), Final Honour Schools (Oxford), Moderator-ship (Dublin), in most subjects including the sciences. Some new plate glass universities established in the 1960s, such as York and Lancaster , originally followed

385-670: A community. Poetry holds a significant place in Birzeit University. One tradition is the Suk Okaz poetry competition, created since the founding of elementary school. It is based on the recital of classic Arabic poetry by students from the university. In 1995, a public poetry recital was given within the university by the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish . In 2024 (amid the Israel–Hamas war ), Birzeit University has made

462-623: A delegation of prominent international writers and Nobel laureates from the International Parliament of Writers to visit Birzeit University. This group included: 31°57′31.29″N 35°10′50.54″E  /  31.9586917°N 35.1807056°E  / 31.9586917; 35.1807056 Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A. , BA , A.B. or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium , baccalaureus in artibus , or artium baccalaureus )

539-583: A lack of work," an Arab proverb recorded by Gustaf Dalman in this area in 1937 has been put forward as a possible explanation for this regional variation. Village women embroidering in locally-distinctive styles was a tradition that was at its height in Ottoman-ruled Palestine. Women would sew in items to represent their heritage, ancestry, and affiliations. Motifs were derived from basic geometric forms such as squares and rosettes. Triangles, used as amulets, were often incorporated to ward off

616-611: A localized geographic area. As in most of the Middle East , clothing for men had a more uniform style than women's clothing. Woolen fabrics for everyday use were produced by weavers in Majdal , Bethlehem , Ramallah , and Jerusalem . The wool could be from sheep, goats or camels. Weaving among the Bedouins was and is still traditionally carried out by women to create domestic items, such as tents, rugs, and pillow covers. Thread

693-533: A man's civil and religious status as well as his political affiliation: A turban being worn by a townsman and a kaffiyeh by a countryman. A white turban signifying an Islamic judge qadi . In the 1790s, the Ottoman authorities instructed the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hassan al-Husayni, to put a stop to the fashion of wearing green and white turbans which they regarded as the prerogative of officially appointed judges. In

770-729: A master's degree. Along with the Bachelor of Science (B.S.), the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) is the most commonly granted degree in the US. A B.A. degree is earned after the completion of four years of undergraduate college level study. The Bachelor of Science is abbreviated with periods i.e., B.S., and the Bachelor of Arts is abbreviated as B.A. Most US colleges and universities offer undergraduate programs. In colleges and universities in Australia, Nepal, New Zealand, India and South Africa,

847-492: A more impermanent nature than those of the village. By the early 20th century, well to-do women (and men) in the cities had mostly adopted a Western style of dress. Typically, Ghada Karmi recalls in her autobiography how in the 1940s in the wealthy Arab district of Katamon , Jerusalem, only the maids, who were local village women, donned traditional Palestinian dresses. Due to their nomadic life-style, Bedouin costume reflected tribal affiliations, rather than their affiliations to

SECTION 10

#1732780712036

924-419: A number of students allegedly involved with a Hamas cell, and accused them of funneling money and organizing rallies in support of the organization, as well as incitement. The same day, hundreds of students took part in a Hamas parade on campus to mark the movement's founding anniversary. Some students also attacked the university's security guards. On 10 January 2022, an undercover Israeli military unit known as

1001-462: A rich and diverse additional programs such as the Literacy and Adult Education Program in 1976, aimed at providing technical expertise to nongovernmental organizations operating literacy programs and helping them overcome the challenges they encounter by creating developmental programs or giving books. The Voluntary Work Program also requires students to fulfill 120 hours of community service to meet

1078-489: A second major; alternatively, the remainder of the degree is taken up with a minor area of study (in the first two years) and other individual or stream-based subjects. In Pakistan the Bachelor of Arts (BA) program is a regular 2-year degree program in which students are offered with a combination of any two of areas from the available electives: Business, Journalism, Psychology, Computer Science and Education. Palestinian costumes Palestinian traditional clothing are

1155-409: A short embroidered jacket with long sleeves slit open on the inside, red shoes and a small yellow woolen cap with a tight turban. The 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight led to a disruption in traditional modes of dress and customs, as many women who had been displaced could no longer afford the time or money to invest in complex embroidered garments. Widad Kawar was among the first to recognize

1232-509: A strong appeal to the global academic world. They claim that Israel is waging a genocidal war on the Palestinian people and continuing to colonize them through settler colonies. According to them, Israel's military operations—particularly its bombardments and incursions into crowded Palestinian regions like Gaza—amount to war crimes and savage aggression. By forcing Palestinians to flee their homes and taking their lands for Israeli settlements, they charge Israel with ethnic cleansing. The conflict

1309-410: A strong emphasis on environmental preservation, demonstrating a serious awareness of the climate crisis. Investing in development tools, water projects and protection of the environment exemplify their strategy aiming to achieve sustainable development goals while making the most use of the resources at hand. The Birzeit University Museum is a significant location for exhibitions, workshops, and talks in

1386-400: A third class honours degree (for example, BA with distinction, merit or pass). A Bachelor of Arts is entitled to the post-nominal letters BA for an ordinary or pass degree and BA (Hons) for an honours degree. (However, graduates entitled to use the "Hons" post-nominal very rarely do so in practice.) The academic dress worn by honours and non-honours graduates is identical. An honours degree

1463-431: Is always awarded in one of four classes, depending upon the marks gained in the final assessments and examinations. The top students are awarded a first-class degree, followed by an upper second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:1), a lower second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:2), and those who pass with the lowest marks gain a third-class degree. An ordinary, pass or unclassified degree (which does not give

1540-507: Is framed by the institution as one involving occupation, oppression, and an uneven power dynamic. They see Israel as the main colonial power committing crimes against humanity and abuses of human rights. Birzeit also denounces what it sees as the complicity and apathy of the international community. Birzeit's Prisoners Committee was created in 1980. It is an informal group from the university dedicated to assisting students and staff who faced harassment from Israeli military authorities. The aim of

1617-714: Is governed by an autonomous board of trustees composed of educators and professionals from the Palestinian community. The board appoints the president of the university. It also confirms the appointment of vice presidents and deans upon the recommendation of the president. The board approves the budget and general development plans presented to it by the university council. The university, through its nine faculties (Arts; Science; Business and Economics; Law and Public Administration; Engineering and Technology; Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Professions; Education; Graduate Studies and Research; and Art, Music and Design), provides academic programs (76 programs) that end in bachelor's degrees, such as

SECTION 20

#1732780712036

1694-717: Is located atop a hill, with a view on the rolling hill and the Mediterranean Sea. The university's large building complexes and stone facades are designed in a contemporary architectural style, forming a contrast against the surrounding landscape of olive groves and small villages nestled in the valleys. The university follows a semester system, with two four-month semesters beginning in Autumn and Spring, and two shorter two-month semesters in summer. Support comes from numerous Palestinian, Arab, and international foundations, as well as from various individuals. Birzeit University

1771-494: Is spun from sheep's wool, colored with natural dyes , and woven into a strong fabric using a ground loom. Linen woven on hand- looms and cotton were mainstay fabrics for embroidered garments, though cotton was not widely used until the end of the 19th century when it began to be imported from Europe. Fabrics could be left uncoloured or dyed various colours, the most popular being deep blue using indigo , others being black, red and green. In 1870 there were ten dyeing workshops in

1848-402: Is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts , or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years, depending on the country and institution. The Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree is an undergraduate postsecondary degree that puts a focus on liberal arts and studies. In comparison,

1925-508: Is working to improve the quality and presentation of items so that they can be sold in European, American and Japanese markets. The women in each region had their distinctive headdress. The women embellished their headdresses with gold and silver coins from their bridewealth money. The more coins, the greater the wealth and prestige of the owner (Stillman, p. 38); The styles of headwear for men have always been an important indicator of

2002-575: The First Intifada , probably evolved from one of the many welfare embroidery projects in the refugee camps . It was a shorter and narrower fashion, with a western cut. Income generating projects in the refugee camps and in the Occupied Territories began to use embroidery motifs on non-clothing items such as accessories, bags and purses. With the evolution of the different groups distinct styles are beginning to be appear. Sulafa

2079-547: The Mista'arvim stormed the university, shooting one student in the leg and detaining four other student activists. The old Birzeit campus was centered around the historic Nasir family home constructed at the end of the Ottoman Empire and adjacent buildings that originally housed the elementary school founded in 1924, before later becoming the community college and eventually the university. Birzeit University's new campus

2156-531: The Murestan quarter of Jerusalem, employing around 100 men. According to Shelagh Weir, the colour produced by indigo ( nileh ) was believed to ward off the evil eye, and frequently used for coats in the Galilee and dresses in southern Palestine. Indigo dyed heavy cotton was also used to make sirwals or shirwals, cotton trousers worn by men and women that were baggy from the waist down but tailored tight around

2233-1062: The Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Winifred Needler writes that "no actual clothing from ancient Palestine has survived and detailed descriptions are lacking in the ancient literature". In their length, fullness, and use of pattern these modern garments bear a general resemblance to the costumes of West Asiatic people seen in ancient Egyptian and Assyrian monuments. The dress of the daughters of Zion mentioned in Isaiah 3:22–24, with 'changeable suits of apparel,' 'mantles,' 'wimples,' 'hoods,' 'vails,' and 'girdles', suggests that feminine city fashions of Isaiah's day may have resembled modern Palestinian country dress. Needler also cites well-preserved costume artifacts from late Roman-Egyptian times consisting of "loose linen garments with patterned woven bands of wool, shoes and sandals and linen caps," as comparable to modern Palestinian costumes.[6] The shift from woven to embroidered designs

2310-514: The "evil eye", a common superstition in the Middle East. Large blocks of intricate embroidery were used on the chest panel to protect the vulnerable chest area from the evil eye, bad luck and illness. To avoid potential jinxes from other women, an imperfection was stitched in each garment to distract the focus of those looking. Girls would begin producing embroidered garments, a skill generally passed to them by their grandmothers, beginning at

2387-638: The 19th century, white turbans were also worn by supporters of the Yaman political faction , while the opposing Qais faction wore red. In 1912, the Palestine Exploration Fund reported that Muslim men from Jerusalem usually wore white linen turbans, called shash . In Hebron, it would be of red and yellow silk, in Nablus red and white cotton. Men in Jaffa wore white and gold turbans, similar to

Birzeit University - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-557: The BA course normally lasts between three and three and a half years—six or seven semesters—and the degree is awarded after the student earns between 180 and 210 ECTS . In the Netherlands, the BA and Master of Arts (MA) degrees were introduced in 2002. Until then, a single program led to the doctorandus degree (abbreviated drs.), which comprised the same course load as the bachelor's and master's programs combined. The title doctorandus

2541-399: The BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Students must pursue at least one major area of study and units from that subject are usually studied in each year, though sometimes students may choose to complete upper-level classes in the same year and as a result, can leave space for elective subjects from a different field. At some universities, students may choose to pursue

2618-530: The BA degree has been consistent in its history. The Bachelor of Arts degree was formed out of the study of liberal arts . Liberal art is a term that was applied to the study of many branches of learning such as grammar , logic , rhetoric , arithmetic , geometry , astronomy , and music . The study of liberal arts started during the Middle Ages . During the Renaissance , the term liberal art

2695-580: The Canaanite period (1500 BC) period such as Egyptian paintings depicting Canaanites / in A-shaped garments. Munayyer says that from 1200 BC to 1940 AD, all Palestinian dresses were cut from natural fabrics in a similar A-line shape with triangular sleeves. This shape is known to archaeologists as the "Syrian tunic" and appears in artifacts such as an ivory engraving from Megiddo dating to 1200 BC. In Palestine: Ancient and Modern (1949) produced by

2772-605: The Israeli army. The university was the last of 6 in Israel’s Arab-occupied territories to reopen. The Faculty of Information Technology was established in 2006 (later merged with the Faculty of Engineering to create the Faculty of Engineering and Technology). In 2007, the Faculty of Arts was established. The Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Professions (later renamed Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions)

2849-523: The Palestinian American artist Sari Khoury, Kamal Boullata, Vladimir Tamari, Vera Tamari, Nasser Soumi and Samira Badran. This museum has a significant political role. Indeed, being part of an academic institution, the museum became important as it became a model of propagation and creation of cultural and artistic practices. Furthermore, this institution became a place where students can express themselves and participate in shared projects as

2926-657: The Palestinian cultural landscape. The university's Ethnographic and Art Museum is a permanent museum with two main collections: the Palestinian Costumes , and the Tawfiq Canaan Amulet Collection. The Virtual Gallery is an art gallery promoting visual art through exhibitions, training and educational workshops. The museum evolved progressively as soon as Vera Tamari joined the university in 1986. She taught creative courses revolving around art and architecture. She significantly developed

3003-553: The Palestinian market. Weavers in Homs produced belts and some shawls exclusively for export to Nablus and Jerusalem. The production of cloth for traditional Palestinian costumes and for export throughout the Arab world was a key industry of the destroyed village of Majdal . Majdalawi fabric was produced by a male weaver on a single treadle loom using black and indigo cotton threads combined with fuchsia and turquoise silk threads. While

3080-830: The UNRWA project in the Gaza Strip has exhibited work at Santa Fe , New Mexico. Atfaluna, also from Gaza, working with deaf people, sells its products through the internet. West Bank groups include the Bethlehem Arabs Women's Union, Surif Women's Cooperative, Idna, the Melkite Embroidery Project (Ramallah). In Lebanon Al-Badia, working in the Refugee Camps, is known for high quality embroidery in silk thread on dresses made of linen. The Jerusalem-based Fair Trade organisation Sunbula,

3157-765: The Upper and Lower Galilee, in the Judean Hills and on the coastal plain. Research by Weir on embroidery distribution patterns in Palestine indicates there was little history of embroidery in the area from the coast to the Jordan River that lay to the south of Mount Carmel and the Sea of Galilee and to the north of Jaffa and from Nablus to the north. Decorative elements on women's clothing in this area consisted primarily of braidwork and appliqué. "Embroidery signifies

Birzeit University - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-401: The age of seven. Before the 20th century, most young girls were not sent to school, and much of their time outside of household chores was spent creating clothes, often for their marriage trousseau (or jhaz ) which included everything they would need in terms of apparel, encompassing everyday and ceremonial dresses, jewelry, veils, headdresses, undergarments, kerchiefs, belts and footwear. In

3311-749: The ankle, and yellow for men. Before the mid-19th century non-Muslims wore black shoes. Village men wore a higher style fastened at the front with a leather button which provided protection from thorns in the fields. Bedouin wore sandals, made by wandering shoemakers, usually Algerian Jews. The Arabic name for sandal, na'l , is identical to that used in the Bible. On special occasions Bedouin men wore long red boots with blue tassels and iron heels, jizmet , which were made in Damascus. Examples of Palestinian costumes and related artifacts are housed in several museums and collections, both public and private. The following

3388-474: The calves or ankles. The wealthier the region, the darker the blue produced; cloth could be dipped in the vat and left to set as many as nine times. Dresses with the heaviest and most intricate embroidery, often described as 'black', were made of heavy cotton or linen of a very dark blue. Travellers to Palestine in the 19th and 20th centuries represented pastoral scenes of peasant women donned in blue going about their daily tasks, in art and literature. Because of

3465-472: The changes did not set in before the late 1930s, up to which time embroidery motifs local to certain villages could still be found. Geometric motifs remained popular in the Galilee and southern regions, like the Sinai Desert. Some professions, such as the Jaffa boatmen, had their own unique uniforms. The horse or mule drivers ( mukaaris ), widely used between the towns in an age before proper roads, wore

3542-500: The colors used were determined by the materials available for the production of natural dyes: "reds" from insects and pomegranate, "dark blues" from the indigo plant: "yellow" from saffron flowers, soil and vine leaves, "brown" from oak bark, and "purple" from crushed murex shells. Shahin writes that the use of red, purple, indigo blue, and saffron reflected the ancient color schemes of the Canaanite and Philistine coast, and that Islamic green and Byzantine black were more recent additions to

3619-421: The committee was to document violations, contact lawyers, and raise awareness while providing a safe support for all students. Several commemorations were put in place within the university as a sign of resistance and a way to mourn the deaths of Palestinians. One example is the plantations of trees on the campus initiated by students, commemorating the 1976 fatal shooting of six Palestinian citizens of Israel by

3696-1076: The degree. Just like other baccalaureate degrees, a Bachelor of Arts is historically offered only at public and private universities and colleges. A Bachelor of Arts, just like other bachelor's degrees, is an admission requirement for graduate and professional school. Beginning in the 1990s, junior colleges started to confer their own baccalaureate degrees. In addition to the standard BA degrees, there are career-specific Bachelor of Arts degrees, including Bachelor of Arts in Functional English , Bachelor of Arts in Administration , Bachelor of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies , and Regents Bachelor of Arts . The Bachelor of Arts degree has been prominent in academics for centuries. It influenced universities to begin focusing on broad topics such as algebra , psychology , biology , art , history , and philosophy . This aspect of

3773-473: The depictions in art and descriptions in literature of costumes produced during these times. Until the 1940s, traditional Palestinian costumes reflected a woman's economic and marital status and her town or district of origin, with knowledgeable observers discerning this information from the fabric , colours, cut , and embroidery motifs (or lack thereof) used in the apparel. In 2021, The art of embroidery in Palestine, practices, skills, knowledge and rituals

3850-594: The final secondary school exams in France and Spain (and of the International Baccalaureate ) come from this: le Baccalauréat and el Bachillerato , respectively. The ancient universities of Scotland award a Master of Arts degree to humanities or arts graduates, but a BSc to science graduates. This course takes four years for an honours degree and three for an ordinary. In Scotland, one can opt to take an ordinary degree, which ranks below

3927-444: The government for demonstrating against the seizure of land in the Galilee region. By 2023, there are a number of professors who are also ministers in the Palestinian government. Thirteen members of the Palestinian negotiating team in U.S.-sponsored Middle East peace talks were faculty members of Birzeit University. The former and current presidents of Birzeit University are: During another notable occasion, Mahmoud Darwish brought

SECTION 50

#1732780712036

4004-458: The graduate the right to add '(Hons)') may be awarded if a student has completed (i) followed a non-honours program, or (b) attempted an honours course but marginally failed to achieve third-class standard. Education in Canada is controlled by the provinces and can be very different depending on the province. While all Canadian universities offer four-year degrees, it is not uncommon, depending on

4081-410: The graduation requirement, permitting them to explore Palestine in an educational manner. One of the earliest academic establishments in Palestine to embrace the idea of green buildings was Birzeit University. The campus has been thoughtfully planned with eco-friendly building standards in mind, aiming to show students and staff the importance of sustainability. The policies of Birzeit University place

4158-717: The hot climate and for reasons of prestige, dresses were cut voluminously, particularly in the south, often running twice the length of the human body with the excess being wrapped up into a belt. For more festive dresses in southern Palestine, silks were imported from Syria with some from Egypt . For example, a fashion of the Bethlehem area was to interlay stripes of indigo-blue linen with those of silk. Fashions in towns followed those in Damascus , Syria. Some producers in Aleppo , Hama and Damascus produced styles specifically for

4235-568: The late 1930s, new influences introduced by European pattern books and magazines promoted the appearance of curvilinear motifs, like flowers, vines or leaf arrangements, and introduced the paired bird motif which became very popular in central Palestinian regions. John Whitting, who put together parts of the MOIFA collection, has argued that "anything later than 1918 was not indigenous Palestinian design, but had input from foreign pattern books brought in by foreign nuns and Swiss nannies". Others say that

4312-503: The lives of the region's women. Though experts in the field trace the origins of Palestinian costumes to ancient times, there are no surviving clothing artifacts from this early period against which the modern items might be definitively compared. Influences from the various empires to have ruled Palestine, such as Ancient Egypt , Ancient Rome and the Byzantine empire , among others, have been documented by scholars largely based on

4389-561: The major/minor programs. These faculties, in addition to the Graduate Studies and Research faculty, offer 39 postgraduate programs that lead to master's degrees. The university also offers three Ph.D. programs in Social Sciences; Computer Science and Mathematics. Birzeit University is affiliated with the independent public opinion research firm Arab World for Research and Development (AWRAD). The university also proposes

4466-548: The master's degree (post-nominal letters) in accordance with the new standard. When attaining a master level/graduate degree, it is still customary to use either drs. pre-nominally or MA/MSc post-nominally at the discretion of the holder. In the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) and Ireland, the first degree course normally lasts three years, but nomenclature varies: 19th-century and later universities usually distinguish between arts and sciences subjects by awarding either

4543-523: The moon, birds, palm leaves, stairs, and diamonds or triangles used as amulets to ward off the evil eye . Traditionally, Palestinian society has been divided into three groups: villagers, townspeople, and Bedouins . Palestinian costumes reflected differences in the physical and social mobility enjoyed by men and women in these different groups in Palestinian society. The villagers, referred to in Arabic as fellaheen , lived in relative isolation, so that

4620-534: The new styles developing after the Nakba . New styles began to appear in the 1960s. For example, the "six-branched dress" named after the six wide bands of embroidery running down from the waist. These styles came from the refugee camps, particularly after 1967. Individual village styles were lost and replaced by an identifiable "Palestinian" style. The shawal, a style popular in the West Bank and Jordan before

4697-428: The older, more traditional costume designs were found most frequently in the dress of village women. The specificity of local village designs was such that, "A Palestinian woman's village could be deduced from the embroidery on her dress." Townspeople ( Arabic : beladin ) had increased access to news and an openness to outside influences that was naturally also reflected in the costumes, with town fashions exhibiting

SECTION 60

#1732780712036

4774-446: The practice of Oxford and Cambridge by awarding BAs in all subjects, but have since changed to awarding BSc degrees in science subjects. At Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin the degree of MA can be claimed, usually twenty-one terms after matriculation , without any further study. For many centuries, the bachelor's degree was an intermediate step and was awarded for much of the work carried out in later times at secondary schools. The names of

4851-404: The province and the university for a three-year general degree to also be offered as an option. In many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as BA or as honours BA degrees. Honours programs require more education than non-honours programs, typically a specialization beyond the requirements of a BA, and can often be used as a gateway to a PhD program, bypassing

4928-573: The style in Damascus . A green turban indicated a descendant of Muhammed . From 1880 the Ottoman style of tarboush or fez began to replace the turban amongst the effendi class. The tarboush had been preceded by a rounder version with blue tassel which originated from the Maghreb . The arrival of the more vertical Young Turk version was emancipating for the Christian communities since it

5005-400: The surrounding villages. It was one of the first schools in the region. In 1930, it broadened its scope to become a co-educational secondary school, and in 1932, it was renamed Birzeit Higher School. In 1942, the name was changed to Birzeit College. In 1953, a freshman higher education class was incorporated, followed by a sophomore class in 1961. The university was closed from 1988 until 1992 by

5082-596: The top 3 percent of universities worldwide in the 2018 edition of the QS World University Rankings, and it retained its position in the 2019 edition. Beshara Doumani assumed office as president of the university in August 2021. In December 2021, a series of violent incidents between students of rival Palestinian factions occurred in the campus. On 14 December 2021, Israeli soldiers and Shin Bet arrested

5159-456: The traditional palette. Shelagh Weir, author of Palestinian costume (1989) and Palestinian embroidery (1970), writes that cross-stitch motifs may have been derived from oriental carpets, and that couching motifs may have origins in the vestments of Christian priests or the gold thread work of Byzantium. Simple and stylized versions of the cypress tree (saru) motif are found throughout Palestine. Longstanding traditions of embroidery were found in

5236-402: The types of clothing historically and sometimes still presently worn by Palestinians . Foreign travelers to Palestine in the 19th and early 20th centuries often commented on the rich variety of the costumes worn, particularly by the fellaheen or village women. Many of the handcrafted garments were richly embroidered and the creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in

5313-406: The university's artistic programs, eventually taking on major responsibility for its artistic initiatives. Moreover, as more attention was given to artistic practices, the university felt the need to devote a specific and larger space for art collections and creativity. Consequently, in 2005, the Birzeit University museum was established. Furthermore, significant donations were made to the museum, from

5390-472: The university's bachelor's, master's, and PhD programs. Since five consecutive years, Birzeit University has retained its position as the top university in Palestine and is ranked among the best fifty universities in the Arab region according to the 2019 QS Arab Region University Rankings. Birzeit School for Girls was founded in 1924 by Nabiha Nasir (1891–1951) as an elementary school for girls from Birzeit and

5467-612: The village no longer exists today, the craft of Majdalawi weaving continues as part of a cultural preservation project run by the Atfaluna Crafts organization and the Arts and Crafts Village in Gaza City . Diverse motifs were favored in Palestinian embroidery and costume as Palestine's long history and position on the international trade routes exposed it to multiple influences. Before the appearance of synthetically dyed threads,

5544-585: Was established in 2008. In 2015, Birzeit University launched the Ph.D. program in social sciences, its first doctorate program. In 2016, the university was ranked first nationally in the January edition of the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. 2018 saw the establishment of Birzeit University's newest college, the Faculty of Art, Music and Design. The university was ranked top nationally and among

5621-695: Was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . Geoff Emberling, director of the Oriental Institute Museum, notes that Palestinian clothing from the early 19th century to World War I show "traces of similar styles of clothing represented in art over 3,000 years ago." Hanan Munayyer, collector and researcher of Palestinian clothing, sees examples of proto-Palestinian attire in artifacts from

5698-422: Was made possible by artisanal manufacture of fine needles in Damascus in the 8th century. Embroidered dress sections, like the square chest piece (qabbeh) and decorated back panel (shinyar) prevalent in Palestinian dresses, are also found in costume from 13th century Andalusia . Each village in Palestine had motifs that served as identifying markers for local women. Common patterns included the eight-pointed star,

5775-505: Was meant to describe general studies more broadly. This definition of liberal studies remains to this day. In Japan and the United States, Bachelor of Arts degrees were historically given only by public or private institutions and colleges. In Germany, university-level education usually happens in either a Universität (plural: Universitäten ) or a Fachhochschule (plural: Fachhochschulen ); both can be referred to as

5852-437: Was used in almost all fields of study; other titles were used for legal studies ( meester , Dutch for master, abbreviated Mr. ) and engineering ( ingenieur , abbreviated Ir. for academic masters level or ING. for higher vocational bachelor's level). Those who had already started the doctorandus program could, on completing it, opt for the doctorandus degree (entitling them to use "drs." in front of their name) or could use

5929-498: Was worn by all civil and military officials regardless of religion. The exception being the Armenians who adopted a black style. The European styles, Franjy hat ( burneiTah ), were not adopted. The kaffiyeh replaced the tarbush in the 1930s. Residents of the major towns, Jerusalem , Jaffa , Ramleh , Lydd , Hebron , Gaza and Nablus , wore soft white sheepskin shoes with the point in front turned up: low cut, not above

#35964