46-623: The Blue Hills Reservation Parkways are a network of historic parkways in and around the Blue Hills Reservation , a Massachusetts state park south of Boston, Massachusetts . It consists of six roadways (in seven distinct segments) that provide circulation within the park, and that join the park to two connecting parkways, the Blue Hills Parkway and the Furnace Brook Parkway . The roadway network
92-728: A National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1976. A centennial historic plaque from 1926, an original switch frog, a piece of train track, and a section of superstructure from the Granite Railway are in the gardens on top of the Southeast Expressway (Interstate 93) as it passes under East Milton Square. The frog had been displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893. The commemorative display
138-494: A city's boundaries, eventually limiting the parkway's recreational driving use. The Arroyo Seco Parkway between Downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena, California , is an example of lost pastoral aesthetics. It and others have become major commuting routes, while retaining the name "parkway". In New York City, construction on the Long Island Motor Parkway (Vanderbilt Parkway) began in 1906 and planning for
184-732: A direct route from New York City to Harriman State Park . In New Jersey, the Garden State Parkway , connecting the northern part of the state with the Jersey Shore , is restricted to buses and non-commercial traffic north of the Route 18 interchange, but trucks are permitted south of this point. It is one of the busiest toll roads in the country. In the Pittsburgh region, two of the major Interstates are referred to informally as parkways. The Parkway East ( I-376 , formally
230-770: A four-lane freeway before funding for the road was cut. In Minneapolis , the Grand Rounds Scenic Byway system has 50 miles (80 km) of streets designated as parkways. These are not freeways; they have a slow 25-mile-per-hour (40 km/h) speed limit, pedestrian crossings, and stop signs. In Cincinnati , parkways are major roads which trucks are prohibited from using. Some Cincinnati parkways, such as Columbia Parkway, are high-speed, limited-access roads, while others, such as Central Parkway, are multi-lane urban roads without controlled access. Columbia Parkway carries US-50 traffic from downtown towards east-side suburbs of Mariemont, Anderson, and Milford, and
276-583: A landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both. The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally. Many parkways originally intended for scenic, recreational driving have evolved into major urban and commuter routes. The first parkways in the United States were developed during the late 19th century by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux as roads that separated pedestrians, bicyclists, equestrians, and horse carriages , such as
322-590: A new section of the railway, called the "Incline", was added to haul granite from the Pine Ledge Quarry to the railway level 84 ft (26 m) below. Wagons moved up and down the 315-foot (96 m) long incline in an endless conveyor belt. The incline continued in operation until the 1940s. The railway introduced several important inventions, including railway switches or frogs, the turntable , and double-truck railroad cars . Gridley Bryant never patented his inventions, believing they should be for
368-529: A public transport shuttle (initially buses, now the Luton DART light railway). Parkways fitting the definition applied in this article also exist, as listed in this section. The city of Peterborough has roads branded as "parkways" which provide routes for much through traffic and local traffic. The majority are dual carriageways, with many of their junctions numbered. Five main parkways form an orbital outer ring road. Three parkways serve settlements. In
414-622: A southern continuation of the Blue Hills Parkway. Wampatuck Road runs for about 1 mile (1.6 km) through the far easternmost portion of the park in Quincy. Its western terminus is with Chickawbut Road at a point where the latter turns more southeast, and its eastern terminus is with the Furnace Brook Parkway at a large rotary that spans (and provides ramps on and off from) Interstate 93. The road provides access to
460-483: Is 0.87 miles (1.40 km). Chickatawbut Road is the longest road in the reservation, running for nearly 3.75 miles (6.04 km) through Milton, Quincy , and Braintree . It winds through the hills, generally providing only views of dense woods, from its western terminus at Unquity Road and Hillside Street to its eastern end at Granite Street ( Massachusetts Route 37 ) in Braintree. It provides access, however, to
506-538: Is a limited access road from downtown to the Village of Mariemont. In Boston , parkways are generally four to six lanes wide but are not usually controlled-access. They are highly trafficked in most cases, transporting people between neighborhoods quicker than a typical city street. Many of them serve as principal arterials and some (like Storrow Drive , Memorial Drive , the Alewife Brook Parkway and
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#1732779697916552-536: Is a surviving remnant of the Long Island Motor Parkway that became a surface street , no longer with controlled-access or non-commercial vehicle restrictions. The Palisades Interstate Parkway is a post-war parkway that starts at the George Washington Bridge , heads north through New Jersey, continuing through Rockland and Orange counties in New York. The Palisades Parkway was built to allow for
598-473: Is also applied to multi-use paths and greenways used by walkers and cyclists. In the United Kingdom, the term "parkway" more commonly refers to park and ride railway stations , where this is often indicated as part of the name, as with Bristol Parkway , the first such station, opened in 1972. Luton Airport Parkway is somewhat analogous - an interconnect railway station but with an airport via
644-652: Is at the approximate site of the railroad's right-of-way as it went through Milton on its way to the Neponset River. In Quincy, visitors can walk along several parkland trails that reveal vestiges of the original railway trestle and the Incline. These trails connect to the quarries, most of which are now filled for safety purposes with dirt from the massive Big Dig highway project in Boston. In years past, many persons were injured – and some killed – while diving into
690-639: Is currently the only expressway in Singapore that uses this terminology. In Russia, long, broad (multi-lane) and beautified thoroughfares are referred to as prospekts . Granite Railway The Granite Railway was one of the first railroads in the United States , built to carry granite from Quincy, Massachusetts , to a dock on the Neponset River in Milton . From there boats carried
736-642: The Bronx River Parkway in 1907. In the 1920s, the New York City Metropolitan Area 's parkway system grew under the direction of Robert Moses , the president of the New York State Council of Parks and Long Island State Park Commission , who used parkways to provide access to newly created state parks, especially for city dwellers. As Commissioner of New York City Parks under Mayor LaGuardia, he extended
782-596: The Chickatawbut Observation Tower , which affords some of the best views in the reservation. Green Street is a road discontinuous from the others, on the western side of the reservation in Milton and Canton. It runs from Royall Street in Canton northeast to a junction with Washington Street in Milton, skirting the westernmost edge of the reservation. This section of the reservation was acquired in
828-742: The City of Plymouth , the A38 is called "The Parkway" and bisects a rural belt of the local authority area, which coincides with the geographical centre; it has two junctions to enter the downtown part of the city. The Australian Capital Territory uses the term "parkway" to refer to roadways of a standard approximately equivalent to what would be designated as an "expressway", "freeway", or "motorway" in other areas. Parkways generally have multiple lanes in each direction of travel, no intersections (crossroads are accessed by interchanges), high speed limits, and are of dual carriageway design (or have high crash barriers on
874-695: The Clara Barton Parkway , running along the Potomac River near Washington, D.C. , and Alexandria, Virginia , were also constructed during this era. In Kentucky the term "parkway" designates a freeway in the Kentucky Parkway system , with nine built in the 1960s and 1970s. They were toll roads until the construction bonds were repaid; the last of these roads to charge tolls became freeways in 2006. The Arroyo Seco Parkway from Pasadena to Los Angeles , built in 1940,
920-543: The Eastern Parkway , which is credited as the world's first parkway, and Ocean Parkway in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . The term "parkway" to define this type of road was coined by Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted in their proposal to link city and suburban parks with "pleasure roads". In Buffalo, New York , Olmsted and Vaux used parkways with landscaped medians and setbacks to create
966-465: The Granite Railway , another DCR property. Parkway A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare . The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded. Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with
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#17327796979161012-489: The Milton line. Its north side is dense forest with stone outcrops, and rising elevation into the hills. On the south side are a concrete sidewalk and a stone wall. The section of road provides access to Brookwood Farm , like the reservation administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Hillside Street is the major east-west roadway through the western portion of
1058-892: The National Park Service . An example is the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) built Blue Ridge Parkway in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Virginia . Others are: Skyline Drive in Virginia ; the Natchez Trace Parkway in Mississippi , Alabama , and Tennessee ; and the Colonial Parkway in eastern Virginia's Historic Triangle area. The George Washington Memorial Parkway and
1104-681: The Penn-Lincoln Parkway ) connects Downtown Pittsburgh to Monroeville, Pennsylvania . The Parkway West ( I-376 ) runs through the Fort Pitt Tunnel and links Downtown to Pittsburgh International Airport , southbound I-79 , Imperial, Pennsylvania , and westbound US 22/US 30. The Parkway North ( I-279 ) connects Downtown to Franklin Park, Pennsylvania and northbound I-79 . In the suburbs of Philadelphia , U.S. Route 202 follows an at-grade parkway alignment known as
1150-515: The Quincy Quarries Reservation . In 1825, after an exhaustive search throughout New England , Solomon Willard selected the Quincy site as the source of stone for the proposed Bunker Hill Monument. After many delays and much obstruction, the railway itself was granted a charter on March 4, 1826, with right of eminent domain to establish its right-of-way . Businessman and state legislator Thomas Handasyd Perkins organized
1196-636: The VFW Parkway ) have evolved into regional commuter routes. "Parkway" is used in the names of many Canadian roads, including major routes through national parks , scenic drives, major urban thoroughfares, and even regular freeways that carry commercial traffic. Parkways in the National Capital Region are administered by the National Capital Region (Canada) . However, some of them are named "drive" or "driveway". The term in Canada
1242-465: The "U.S. Route 202 Parkway" between Montgomeryville and Doylestown . The parkway varies from two to four lanes in width, has 5-foot-wide (1.5 m) shoulders, a 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) walking path called the US 202 Parkway Trail on the side, and a 40 mph (64 km/h) speed limit. The parkway opened in 2012 as a bypass of a section of US 202 between the two towns; it had originally been proposed as
1288-423: The 1940s; the road was originally a municipal street. Unquity Road extends north from its junction with Hillside Street and Chickatawbut Road in the north-central section of the park, running in a curvilinear manner very roughly parallel to Pine Tree Brook, for 2.28 miles (3.67 km) until it ends at a fourway junction with Canton Street (east-west) and the Blue Hills Parkway (north). It was originally planned as
1334-494: The Neponset River. Its wagons had wheels 6 ft (1.83 m) in diameter and were pulled by horses , although steam locomotives had been in operation in England for 13 years . The wooden rails were plated with iron and were laid 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ) apart, on stone crossties spaced at 8-foot (2.4 m) intervals. By 1837, these wooden rails had been replaced by granite rails, once again capped with iron. In 1830,
1380-399: The benefit of all. The novelty of the new railroad attracted tourists who journeyed out from Boston to witness the revolutionary technology in person. Notable visitors such as statesman Daniel Webster and English actress Fanny Kemble were early witnesses to the new railway. Miss Kemble described her 1833 visit in her journal. On July 25, 1832, the Granite Railway was the site of one of
1426-662: The early 20th century, the meaning of the word was expanded to include limited-access highways designed for recreational driving of automobiles, with landscaping . These parkways originally provided scenic routes without very slow or commercial vehicles , at grade intersections , or pedestrian traffic. Examples are the Merritt Parkway in Connecticut and the Vanderbilt Motor Parkway in New York. But their success led to more development, expanding
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1472-495: The financing of the new Granite Railway Company, owning a majority of its shares, and he was designated its president. The railroad was designed and built by railway pioneer Gridley Bryant and began operations on October 7, 1826. Bryant used developments that had already been in use on the railroads in England, but he modified his design to allow for heavier, more concentrated loads and a three-foot (0.91 m) frost line . The railway ran three miles (4.8 km) from quarries to
1518-418: The first fatal railway accidents in the United States, when the wagon containing Thomas B. Achuas of Cuba derailed as he and three other tourists were taking a tour. The accident occurred while the wagon, empty of stone but now carrying the four passengers, was ascending the Incline on its return trip and a cable broke. The occupants of the car were thrown over a cliff, approximately 35 ft (11 m). Achuas
1564-733: The first interconnected park and parkway system in the United States. Bidwell Parkway and Chapin Parkway are 200 foot wide city streets with only one lane for cars in each direction and broad landscaped medians that provide a pleasant, shaded route to the park and serve as mini-parks within the neighborhood. The Rhode Island Metropolitan Park Commission developed several parkways in the Providence area. Other parkways, such as Park Presidio Boulevard in San Francisco, California , were designed to serve larger volumes of traffic. During
1610-594: The heavy stone to Charlestown for construction of the Bunker Hill Monument . The Granite Railway is popularly termed the first commercial railroad in the United States, as it was the first chartered railway to evolve into a common carrier without an intervening closure. The last active quarry closed in 1963; in 1985, the Metropolitan District Commission purchased 22 acres (8.9 ha), including Granite Railway Quarry, as
1656-438: The median). Victoria uses the term "parkway" to sometimes refer to smaller local access roads that travel through parkland. Unlike other uses of the term, these parkways are not high-speed routes but may still have some degree of limited access. Singapore uses the term "parkway" as an alternative to " expressway ". As such, parkways are also dual carriageways with high speed limits and interchanges . The East Coast Parkway
1702-475: The park, and is where most of its administrative functions are located. It winds for 1.65 miles (2.66 km) through the heart of the park, passing the park police headquarters among other facilities. Its first major junction is with the second segment of Blue Hill River Road, which exits to the south, just west of Houghton's Pond . After passing the headquarters area, it has junctions with Unquity Road and Chickatawbut Roads before crossing Pine Tree Brook near
1748-491: The parkways to the heart of the city, creating and linking its parks to the greater metropolitan systems. Most of the New York metropolitan parkways were designed by Gilmore Clark. The famed "Gateway to New England" Merritt Parkway in Connecticut was designed in the 1930s as a pleasurable alternative for affluent locals to the congested Boston Post Road, running through forest with each bridge designed uniquely to enhance
1794-549: The railway was eventually incorporated into much of the Southeast Expressway in Milton and Quincy. In an 1859 letter to Charles B. Stuart, Bryant wrote: The railway's Incline was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 19, 1973, and a surviving portion of the railroad bed, just off the end of Bunker Hill Lane, was added on October 15, 1973. The Granite Railway was designated as
1840-440: The reservation to the east and private lands on the west. It soon reaches a three-way junction, where Ponkapoag Trail continues south to an interchange with Interstate 93 , and Blue Hill River Road continues east, into the reservation. It ends at a small circular turnaround at the southeastern corner of Houghton's Pond. A nearby parking area provides access to a picnic area and recreational fields. The total length of this segment
1886-452: The reservation's northern border. The parkway ends there, but the roadway continues as a Milton municipal roadway, traveling roughly northeast in a straight line until it meets Randolph Avenue ( Massachusetts Route 28 ). This segment of road consists of two sections, which are roughly at right angles to each other but were historically a single roadway. From its northern junction with Hillside Street, Blue Hill River Road runs south, bordering
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1932-807: The scenery. Another example is the Sprain Brook Parkway from lower- Westchester to connect to the Taconic State Parkway to Chatham, New York . Landscape architect George Kessler designed extensive parkway systems for Kansas City, Missouri ; Memphis, Tennessee ; Indianapolis ; and other cities at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1930s, as part of the New Deal the U.S. federal government constructed National Parkways designed for recreational driving and to commemorate historic trails and routes. These divided four-lane parkways have lower speed limits and are maintained by
1978-490: Was designed by Charles Eliot in the 1890s, except for Green Street, which was added to the network in the 1940s. The parkways were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The first segment of Blue Hill River Road begins at a four-way junction with Washington Street ( Massachusetts Route 138 ) and Royall Street (its western continuation) in Canton . It is about 1/2 mile in length, becoming Hillside Street at
2024-539: Was killed and the three other passengers were badly injured. In 1871, the Old Colony and Newport Railway took over the original right-of-way of the Granite Railway, replacing its track with contemporary construction, and steam trains then took granite from the quarries directly to Boston without need of barges from the Neponset River. This portion of the Old Colony Railroad through Quincy and Milton
2070-524: Was later absorbed into the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad . During the early 20th century, metal channels were laid over the old granite rails on the Incline, and motor trucks were hauled up and down on a cable. Passenger service on the Granite Branch (West Quincy Branch) ended on September 30, 1940; freight service was abandoned in stages from 1941 to 1973. Most of the right of way of
2116-679: Was the first segment of the vast Southern California freeway system. It became part of State Route 110 and was renamed the Pasadena Freeway. A 2010 restoration of the freeway brought the Arroyo Seco Parkway designation back. In the New York metropolitan area , contemporary parkways are predominantly limited-access highways or freeways restricted to non-commercial traffic, excluding trucks and tractor-trailers . Some have low overpasses that also exclude buses. The Vanderbilt Parkway, an exception in western Suffolk County ,
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