Sunday (Latin: dies solis meaning "day of the sun") is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday . Sunday is a day of rest in most Western countries and a part of the weekend . In some Middle Eastern countries, Sunday is a weekday.
149-563: Blue laws (also known as Sunday laws , Sunday trade laws , and Sunday closing laws ) are laws restricting or banning certain activities on specified days, usually Sundays in the western world . The laws were adopted originally for religious reasons, specifically to promote the observance of the Christian day of worship . Since then, they have come to serve secular purposes as well. Blue laws commonly ban certain business and recreational activities on Sundays, and impose restrictions on
298-531: A "week of weeks", also with sacrifices and prohibitions. Difficulties with Friedrich Delitzsch 's origin theory connecting Hebrew Shabbat with the Babylonian lunar cycle include reconciling the differences between an unbroken week and a lunar week, and explaining the absence of texts naming the lunar week as Shabbat in any language. Reconstruction of a broken tablet seems to define the rarely attested Babylonian Akkadian word Sapattu or Sabattu as
447-583: A Sabbath based on the New Moon citing Psalm 104:19 and Genesis 1:14 as a key prooftexts . Observers recognize the 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th days of the month of the Hebrew Calendar as Sabbath days which should be observed. They reject the 7 day week as non-biblical. The Lunar Sabbath theory is rejected by most Sabbatarian groups and Judaism as false and misleading but the recently discovered Dead Sea Scrolls translated by Eisenman and Wise show
596-553: A Sunday, either by law or by tradition. Many American and British daily newspapers publish a larger edition on Sundays, which often includes color comic strips, a magazine, and a coupon section. Others only publish on a Sunday, or have a "sister paper" with a different masthead that only publishes on a Sunday. North American radio stations often play specialty radio shows such as Casey Kasem 's countdown or other nationally syndicated radio shows that may differ from their regular weekly music patterns on Sunday morning or Sunday evening. In
745-512: A Sunday-night play on the station in March 2022. Even younger-skewing media outlets sometimes skew older on Sundays within the terms of their own audience; for example, BBC Radio 1Xtra introduced an "Old Skool Sunday" schedule in the autumn of 2019. Many American, Australian and British television networks and stations also broadcast their political interview shows on Sunday mornings. Major League Baseball usually schedules all Sunday games in
894-441: A Sunday. Maryland permits Sunday automobile sales only in the counties of Charles , Prince George's , Montgomery , and Howard ; similarly, Michigan restricts Sunday sales to only those counties with a population of less than 130,000. Texas and Utah prohibit car dealerships from operating over consecutive weekend days. In some cases, these laws were created or retained with the support of those whom they affected, to allow them
1043-411: A Sunday; the distinction between those that could and could not be sold was increasingly seen as arbitrary, and the laws were inadequately enforced and widely flouted. For example, some supermarkets would treat the relatively modest fines arising as a business cost and open nonetheless. The Sunday Trading Act 1994 relaxed restrictions on Sunday trading. This produced vocal opposition from bodies such as
1192-846: A benefit to workers at the same time that they enhanced labor productivity". The Ladenschlussgesetz ("shop closing law") on Sundays and public holidays have been in effect since 1956. In Denmark the closing laws restricting retail trade on Sundays were effectively abolished on October 1, 2012. Retail trade is only restricted on public holidays ( New Year's Day , Maundy Thursday , Good Friday , Easter Sunday , Easter Monday , Day of Prayer, Ascension Day , Whit Sunday , Whit Monday , Christmas Day and Boxing Day ) and on Constitution Day , Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve (on New Year's Eve from 3 pm only). On these days almost all shops will remain closed. Exempt are bakeries, DIYs, garden centres, gas stations and smaller supermarkets. Prior to 1994, trading laws forbade sale of certain products on
1341-604: A day designated as Sunday), with an additional one or two intercalary "blank" days not designated as part of any week (Year Day and Leap Day in the International Fixed Calendar; Worldsday and Leapyear Day in the World Calendar). Supporters of reform sought to accommodate Sabbatical observance by retaining the modified week and designating the intercalary days as additional Sabbaths or holidays ; however, religious leaders held that such days disrupt
1490-403: A day of rest, repose, recreation and tranquility--a day which all members of the family and community have the opportunity to spend and enjoy together, a day on which there exists relative quiet and disassociation from the everyday intensity of commercial activities, a day on which people may visit friends and relatives who are not available during working days". In March 2006, Texas judges upheld
1639-479: A day off each week without fear of their competitors still being open. Blue laws may also prohibit retail activity on days other than Sunday. In Massachusetts , Rhode Island , and Maine , for example, blue laws prohibit most retail stores, including grocery stores, from opening on Thanksgiving and Christmas. Research regarding the effect of the repeal of blue laws has been conducted, with Professor Elesha Coffman of Baylor University writing: Regarding culture,
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#17327875579961788-499: A dozen languages): this is a simplification of the use of "Sabbath" in other religious contexts, where the two do not coincide. (Using midnight instead of sundown as delimiter dates back to the Roman Empire .) In over thirty other languages, the common name for this day in the seven-day week is a cognate of "Sabbath". " Sabbatini ", originally "Sabbadini", often "Sabatini", etc., is a very frequent Italian name form (" Sabbatos "
1937-422: A law on Sabbath desecration , is mainly to ensure that church services remain undisturbed on Sundays and Christian holidays. It forbids public festivities on a Sunday before 13:00, as well as making noise that carries farther than 200 metres (220 yd), but activities that are unlikely to disturb church services are exempt. Prior to 2008, no football was permitted to be played on Sundays by clubs affiliated to
2086-628: A nonwork day, a holiday or a weekend; and other Muslim countries, like Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates count it as half a rest day (after the Friday prayer is over). Jumu'ah attendance is strictly incumbent upon all free adult males who are residents of the locality (and not travelling). The Sabbath is observed weekly by the Samaritan community every Friday to Saturday beginning and ending at sundown, for twenty four hours
2235-417: A period known to Babylonians as Shappatum . The year is broken down into seven periods of fifty days (made up of seven weeks of seven days, containing seven weekly Sabbaths, and an extra fiftieth day, known as the atzeret ), plus an annual supplement of fifteen or sixteen days, called Shappatum , the period of harvest time at the end of each year. Identified and reconstructed by Hildegaard and Julius Lewy in
2384-512: A regular day of worship on Sunday, but every eight days Unificationists celebrate the day of Ahn Shi Il, considered as Sabbath but cycling among the weekdays of the Gregorian calendar. The Family Pledge , formerly recited at 5:00 a.m. on Sundays, was moved to Ahn Shi Il in 1994 and includes eight verses containing the phrase "by centering on true love". The day of rest in the Baháʼí Faith
2533-589: A revelation commanding his related movement, the Latter Day Saint movement , to go to the house of prayer, offer up their sacraments, rest from their labors, and pay their devotions on the Lord's day (D&C 59:9–12). That thou mayest more fully keep thyself unspotted from the world, thou shalt go to the house of prayer and offer up thy sacraments upon my holy day; for verily this is a day appointed unto you to rest from your labors, and to pay thy devotions unto
2682-497: A round earth was resolved by some seventh-day Sabbatarians by making use of the International Date Line (i.e., permitting local rest-day adjustment, Esther 9:16–19 ), while others (such as some Alaskan Sabbatarians) keep Sabbath according to Jerusalem time (i.e., rejecting manmade temporal customs, Daniel 7:25 ). Adherents of Messianic Judaism (a Christian sect or grouping of sects), also generally observe
2831-510: A slave who had worked for six years to go free in the seventh year. Leviticus 25 promises bountiful harvests to those who observe Shmita , and describes its observance as a test of religious faith. The term Shmita is translated "release" five times in the Book of Deuteronomy (from the root שמט, shamat , " desist , remit ", 8058). Counting from the new moon , the Babylonians celebrated
2980-515: A three-day weekend from Friday to Sunday. The weekend in Israel , Nepal , and parts of Malaysia , is Friday (all or half) and Saturday. Only the one-day customary or legal weekends are usually called "Sabbath". State-mandated rest days are widespread. Laws of the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) required imperial officials to rest on every mu (every fifth day), within a ten-day Chinese week. The rest day
3129-670: A unanimous 6–0 decision, the Lord's Day Act was ruled an infringement of the freedom of conscience and religion defined in section 2(a) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms . A Toronto referendum in 1950 allowed only team sports to be played professionally on Sunday. Theatre performances, movie screenings, and horse racing were not permitted until the 1960s. The Supreme Court later concluded, in R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd. [1986] (2 S.C.R. 713), that Ontario's Retail Business Holiday Act , which required some Sunday closings, did not violate
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#17327875579963278-547: A war zone are dispensed from the usual obligation to attend church on Sunday. They are encouraged to combine their work with attending religious services if possible. In the Eastern Orthodox Church , Sunday begins at the Little Entrance of Vespers (or All-Night Vigil ) on Saturday evening and runs until " Vouchsafe, O Lord " (after the " prokeimenon ") of Vespers on Sunday night. During this time,
3427-517: A weekly observance of the resurrection is made consistently on Sunday. Western Christianity sometimes refers to the Lord's Day as a "Christian Sabbath", distinct from the Hebrew Sabbath, but related in varying manner. Subbotniks (literally, Sabbatarians) are a Russian sect, categorized Judaizing Christians, which became particularly branded by strict Shabbat observance. Since Puritan times, most English-speaking Protestants identify
3576-556: Is Il-Ħamis (five). In Armenian , Monday is Yerkoushabti , literally meaning "second day of the week", Tuesday Yerekshabti "third day", Wednesday Chorekshabti "fourth day", Thursday Hingshabti "fifth day". Saturday is Shabat coming from the word Sabbath or Shabbath in Hebrew, and Kiraki , coming from the word Krak , meaning "fire", is Sunday, referring to the sun as a fire. Apostle John , in Revelations 1:10, refers to
3725-634: Is Friday. Secular use of "Sabbath" for "rest day", while it usually refers to the same period of time (Sunday) as the majority Christian use of "Sabbath", is often stated in North America to refer to different purposes for the rest day than those of Christendom . In McGowan v. Maryland (1961), the Supreme Court of the United States held that contemporary Maryland blue laws (typically, Sunday rest laws) were intended to promote
3874-407: Is a cessation from labor. In its enactment, the legislature has given the sanction of law to a rule of conduct, which the entire civilized world recognizes as essential to the physical and moral well-being of society. Upon no subject is there such a concurrence of opinion, among philosophers, moralists and statesmen of all nations, as on the necessity of periodical cessation from labor. One day in seven
4023-563: Is a day of rest on the seventh day, commanded by God to be kept as a holy day of rest, as God rested from creation . The practice of observing the Sabbath ( Shabbat ) originates in the biblical commandment " Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy ". The Sabbath is observed in Judaism , Sabbatarian forms of Christianity (such as some Protestant and Eastern denominations ) and Islam . Observances similar to, or descended from,
4172-557: Is a moral responsibility equal to that of any of the other Ten Commandments , based on the Fourth Commandment's injunction to Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy , as well as the example of Jesus . They also use "Lord's Day" to mean the seventh day, based on Scriptures in which God calls the day "my Sabbath" ( Exodus 31:13 ) and "to the L ORD " ( Exodus 16:23 ) and in which Jesus calls himself "Lord of Sabbath" ( Matthew 12:8 ). The question of defining Sabbath worldwide on
4321-551: Is a widely noted hallmark of the Jewish people. Several weekly Shabbat s per year are designated as Special Sabbaths , such as Shabbat haGadol , prior to Pesach (literally, "the High Sabbath", but not to be confused with other High Sabbaths ); and Shabbat Teshuvah , prior to Yom Kippur ("Repentance Sabbath"). While Shabbat is universally considered by Jews to take place between Friday at sundown and Saturday at sundown,
4470-693: Is called Mittwoch , literally “mid-week”, implying the week runs from Sunday to Saturday. In the Yoruba culture of West Africa, Sunday is called Oj̣ó ̣Aikú. Ojó Aiku is the day that begins a new week known as “Day of Rest”. It is the day Orunmila, the convener of Ifá to earth, buried the mother of Esu Odara and his wife, Imi. Since that occurrence, Yoruba people decided to refer to the day as Ojó Aiku. Slavic languages implicitly number Monday as day number one. Russian воскресение (Sunday) means “resurrection”. Hungarian szerda (Wednesday), csütörtök (Thursday), and péntek (Friday) are Slavic loanwords , so
4619-592: Is called 星期日 ( Xīng qī rì ), 일요일 ( Il-yo-Il ), and 日曜日 ( Nichiyōbi ) respectively, which all mean "sun day of the week". The Arabic word for Sunday is الأحد ( Al-Ahad ), meaning "the first". It is usually combined with the word يوم ( Yawm ) meaning "day". Latvian word for Sunday is svētdiena , literally "holy day". Lithuanian word is sekmadienis , literally "seventh day" (archaic; in contemporary Lithuanian, "seventh day" translates to septinta diena ). The international standard ISO 8601 for representation of dates and times states that Sunday
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4768-674: Is called the Lord's Day e. g. in Romance languages and Modern Greek. On the other hand, English-speaking Christians often refer to the Sunday as the Sabbath (other than Seventh-day Sabbatarians); a practice which, probably due to the international connections and the Latin tradition of the Roman Catholic Church, is more widespread among (but not limited to) Protestants. Quakers traditionally referred to Sunday as "First Day" eschewing
4917-400: Is cognate to other Germanic languages , including Old Frisian sunnandei , Old Saxon sunnundag , Middle Dutch sonnendach (modern Dutch zondag ), Old High German sunnun tag (modern German Sonntag ), and Old Norse sunnudagr (Danish and Norwegian søndag , Icelandic sunnudagur and Swedish söndag ). The Germanic term is a Germanic interpretation of Latin dies solis ("day of
5066-439: Is for "the cleansing of the defiled mind", resulting in inner calm and joy. On this day, disciples and monks intensify their practice, deepen their knowledge, and express communal commitment through millennia-old acts of lay-monastic reciprocity. Thai Chinese likewise observe their Sabbaths and traditional Chinese holidays according to lunar phases, but not on exactly the same days as Uposatha . These Sabbaths cycle through
5215-522: Is forbidden, except in certain circumstances. Leisure activities and idleness, being secular and offensive to Christ as they are time-wasting, are prohibited. Some languages lack separate words for "Saturday" and "Sabbath" (e. g. Italian, Portuguese). Outside the English-speaking world, Sabbath as a word, if it is used, refers to the Saturday (or the specific Jewish practices on it); Sunday
5364-408: Is liturgically a full Sunday Mass and fulfills the obligation of Sunday Mass attendance, and Vespers (evening prayer) on Saturday night is liturgically "first Vespers" of the Sunday. The same evening anticipation applies to other major solemnities and feasts, and is an echo of the Jewish practice of starting the new day at sunset. Those who work in the medical field, in law enforcement, and soldiers in
5513-478: Is not permitted on Shabbat. Philo of Alexandria also mentions in Decalogue XXX (161) But to the seventh day of the week he has assigned [the beginning of] the greatest festivals, those of the longest duration [Unleavened Bread and Tabernacles], at the periods of the equinox both vernal and autumnal in each year; appointing two festivals for these two epochs, each lasting seven days; the one which takes place in
5662-596: Is not so suitable for grain growing or for vine planting; lest by neglecting the proper moment for such operations the bounty of heaven should be lost. The new moon, occurring every 29 or 30 days, is an important separately sanctioned occasion in Judaism and some other faiths. It is not widely regarded as Sabbath, but some messianic and Pentecostal churches, keep the day of the new moon as Sabbath or rest day, from evening to evening. New-moon services can last all day. Some modern sects who are Sabbath keepers have suggested
5811-762: Is not uncommon for church attendance to shift on days when a late morning or early afternoon game is anticipated by a local community. The Indian Premier League schedules two games on Saturdays and Sundays instead of one, also called Double-headers. One of the remains of religious segregation in the Netherlands is seen in amateur football : The Saturday-clubs are by and large Protestant Christian clubs, who were not allowed to play on Sunday. The Sunday-clubs were in general Catholic and working class clubs, whose players had to work on Saturday and therefore could only play on Sunday. In Ireland, Gaelic football and hurling matches are predominantly played on Sundays, with
5960-715: Is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the original Jewish , the Eastern Orthodox , and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions). Most Jews who observe the Sabbath regard it as having been instituted as a perpetual covenant for the Israelites ( Exodus 31:13–17 ), as a sign respecting two events: the day during which God rested after having completed Creation in six days ( Exodus 20:8–11 ) and
6109-503: Is regarded as an unreliable account of the laws and probably was written to satirize their puritanical nature. While the historical roots of Sunday trade laws in the United States are generally known, the origin of the term "blue laws" remains a mystery. According to a Time magazine editorial in 1961, the year the Supreme Court heard four cases on the issue, the color blue came to be associated with colonial laws in opposition to
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6258-456: Is required every week; an unspecified weekly day off is a very widespread business production cycle. The Supreme Court of Canada , in R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. (1985) and R. v. Edwards Books and Art Ltd. (1986), found some blue laws invalid for having no legitimate secular purpose, but others valid because they had no religious purpose. The weekend is that period of the week set aside by custom or law for rest from labor. In many countries
6407-681: Is the Greek form), indicating a family whose ancestor was born on Saturday, Italian sabato ; "Domenico" indicated birth on Sunday. In vampire hunter lore, people born on Saturday were specially designated as sabbatianoí in Greek and sâbotnichavi in Bulgarian (rendered in English as "Sabbatarians"). It was also believed in the Balkans that someone born on a Saturday could see a vampire when it
6556-503: Is the rule, founded in experience and sustained by science. ... The prohibition of secular business on Sunday is advocated on the ground that by it the general welfare is advanced, labor protected, and the moral and physical well-being of society promoted. Many states prohibit selling alcohol for on and off-premises sales in one form or another on Sundays at some restricted time, under the idea that people should be in church on Sunday morning, or at least not drinking. Many blue laws in
6705-692: Is the seventh (שביעי, Strong's 7637 as sh biy'iy ) year of the seven-year agricultural cycle mandated by Torah for the Land of Israel , relatively little observed in Biblical tradition, but still observed in contemporary Judaism . During Shmita , the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity, including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting, is forbidden by Torah and Jewish law . By tradition, other cultivation techniques (such as watering, fertilizing, weeding, spraying, trimming and mowing) may be performed as preventive measures only, not to improve
6854-671: Is the seventh and last day of the week. This method of representing dates and times unambiguously was first published in 1988. In the Judaic, Christian, and some Islamic traditions, Sunday has been considered the first day of the week. A number of languages express this position either by the name of the day or by the naming of the other days. In Hebrew it is called יום ראשון yom rishon , in Arabic الأحد al-ahad , in Persian and related languages یکشنبه yek-shanbe , all meaning "first". In Greek,
7003-605: Is usually played on Sunday, although Saturday (via Saturday Night Football ), Monday (via Monday Night Football ), and Thursday (via Thursday Night Football or Thanksgiving ) see some professional games. College football usually occurs on Saturday, and high-school football tends to take place on Friday night or Saturday afternoon. In the UK, some club and Premier League football matches and tournaments usually take place on Sundays. Rugby matches and tournaments usually take place in club grounds or parks on Sunday mornings. It
7152-712: The Westminster Confession of Faith , is often contrasted with " Continental Sabbath": the latter follows the Continental Reformed confessions such as the Heidelberg Catechism , which emphasize rest and worship on Lord's Day , but do not forbid recreational activities. Several Christian denominations observe Sabbath in a similar manner to Judaism, though with observance ending at Saturday sunset instead of Saturday nightfall. Early church historians Sozomen and Socrates cite
7301-631: The 13 state holidays in Poland – these are both religious and secular days of rest. In 2014, an initiative by the Law and Justice party failed to pass the reading in the Sejm to ban trading on Sundays and state holidays. However, since 2018, the ruling government and the President of Poland has signed a law that restricts store trading from March 1, 2018, to the first and last Sunday of the month, Palm Sunday ,
7450-611: The Calendar of 354 and probably later. In 363, Canon 29 of the Council of Laodicea prohibited observance of the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday), and encouraged Christians to work on Saturday and rest on the Lord's Day (Sunday). The fact that the canon had to be issued at all is an indication that adoption of Constantine's decree of 321 was still not universal, not even among Christians. It also indicates that Jews were observing
7599-559: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has observed both Sunday Resurrection Day and Saturday Sabbath in different ways for several centuries, as have other Eastern Orthodox traditions. Puritan Sabbatarianism or Reformed Sabbatarianism is strict observance of Sabbath in Christianity that is typically characterized by its avoidance of recreational activities. "Puritan Sabbath", expressed in
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#17327875579967748-588: The Irish Football Association in Northern Ireland. Shops with a floor area of over 280 square metres (3,000 sq ft) may only open from 1 to 6pm on Sundays. In Belfast , public playgrounds were closed on Sundays until 1965. Swings in public parks were tied up and padlocked to prevent their use. Similar laws formerly applied to cinemas, pubs and parks. Since 2007, blue laws were enacted and resulted in stores closing on
7897-510: The Jamestown Colony in 1619 by the first General Assembly of Virginia . Among the 70 laws passed by the assembly was a mandate requiring attendance by all colonists at both morning and afternoon worship services on Sundays. The laws adopted that year also included provisions addressing idleness, gambling, drunkenness, and excessive apparel. Similar laws aimed at keeping the Sabbath holy and regulating morals were soon adopted throughout
8046-651: The Keep Sunday Special campaign, and the Lord's Day Observance Society : on religious grounds, on the grounds that it would increase consumerism, and that it would reduce shop assistants' weekend leisure time. The legislation permits large shops (those with a relevant floor area in excess of 280 square metres; 3000 sq. ft.) to open for up to six hours on Sunday. Small shops, those with an area of below 280 square metres (3000 sq. ft.), are free to set their own Sunday trading times. Some large shops, such as off-licences , service stations and garages, are exempt from
8195-656: The Lord's Day Alliance in North America and the Lord's Day Observance Society in the British Isles, were supported by labor unions in lobbying "to prevent secular and commercial interests from hampering freedom of worship and from exploiting workers". In Canada, the Ligue du Dimanche , a Roman Catholic Sunday league, supported the Lord's Day Act in 1923 and promoted first-day Sabbatarian legislation. Beginning in
8344-614: The Palestinian fellaheen . Julius Morgenstern believed that the calendar of the Jubilees had ancient origins as a somewhat modified survival of the pentecontad calendar. The Uposatha has been observed since Gautama Buddha 's time (500 BCE), and is still being kept today in Theravada Buddhist countries. It occurs every seven or eight days, in accordance with the four phases of the moon. Buddha taught that Uposatha
8493-693: The Thai solar calendar , the name ("Waan Arthit") is derived from Aditya, and the associated colour is red. In most Slavic languages other than Russian, the words for Sunday reflect the Christian commandment to abstain from work. Belarusian нядзеля ( nyadzelya ), Bulgarian неделя ( nedelya ), Croatian and Serbian nedjelja / недеља , Czech neděle , Macedonian недела ( nedela ), Polish niedziela , Slovak nedeľa , Slovenian nedelja and Ukrainian неділя ( nedilya ) are all cognates literally meaning "no work" or "day with no work". In Russian,
8642-529: The Unitarian Church of Transylvania and maintained a presence until the group converted to Judaism in the 1870s. Seventh Day Baptists have observed Sabbath on Saturday since the mid-17th century (either from sundown or from midnight), and influenced the (now more numerous) Seventh-day Adventists in America to begin the practice in the mid-19th century. They believe that keeping seventh-day Sabbath
8791-417: The classical Reform movement at its height produced innovations in practice, exemplied by some Reform rabbis such as Samuel Holdheim , who shifted his congregation's Shabbat services to Sundays in imitation of Christians' observance of their sabbath, which takes place on Sunday. (Reform Judaism has since abandoned the practice of holding Shabbat services on Sundays.) Colloquially, in contemporary Israel,
8940-470: The dismissal at all services begin with the words, "May Christ our True God, who rose from the dead ...." Anyone who wishes to receive Holy Communion at Divine Liturgy on Sunday morning is required to attend Vespers the night before (see Eucharistic discipline ). Among Orthodox Christians, Sunday is considered to be a "Little Pascha " (Easter), and because of the Paschal joy, the making of prostrations
9089-522: The full moon : this word is cognate or merged with Hebrew Shabbat , but is monthly rather than weekly. It is regarded as a form of Sumerian sa-bat ("mid-rest"), attested in Akkadian as um nuh libbi ("day of mid-repose"). This conclusion is a contextual restoration of the damaged Enûma Eliš creation mythos , which is read as: "[Sa]pattu shalt thou then encounter, mid[month]ly." The pentecontad calendar , thought to be of Amorite origin, includes
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#17327875579969238-535: The pagan origin of the English name, while referring to Saturday as the "Seventh day". Some Christian denominations, called " Seventh-day Sabbatarians ", observe a Saturday Sabbath . Christians in the Seventh-day Adventist , Seventh Day Baptist , and Church of God (Seventh-Day) denominations, as well as many Messianic Jews , have maintained the practice of abstaining from work and gathering for worship on Saturdays (sunset to sunset) as did all of
9387-576: The retail sale of hard goods and consumables , particularly alcoholic beverages . The laws also place limitations on a range of other endeavors—including travel , fashions , hunting , professional sports , stage performances , movie showings , and gambling. While less prevalent today, blue laws continue to be enforced in parts of the United States and Canada as well as in European countries, such as Austria , Germany , Norway , and Poland , where most stores are required to close on Sundays. In
9536-497: The " Lord's Day " (viz., Sunday) with a " Christian Sabbath ", a term Roman Catholics in those areas may also celebrate with the Eucharist . It is considered both the first day and the "eighth day" of the seven-day week. In Tonga , all commerce and entertainment activities cease on Sunday, starting at midnight and ending the next day, at midnight, as Tonga's constitution declares the Sabbath sacred forever. In Oriental Orthodoxy ,
9685-638: The "Lord's Day", Greek : Κυριακή ἡμέρα ( kyriakḗ hēmera ), that is, "the day of the Lord", possibly influencing the Armenian word for Sunday. In many European countries, calendars show Monday as the first day of the week, which follows the ISO 8601 standard. In the Persian calendar , used in Iran and Afghanistan, Sunday is the second day of the week. However, it is called "number one" as counting starts from zero;
9834-443: The 1840s, workers, Jews, Seventh Day Baptists , freethinkers, and other groups began to organize opposition. Throughout the century, Sunday laws fueled church–state controversy, and as an issue that contributed to the emergence of modern American minority-rights politics. On the other hand, the more recent Dies Domini , written by Pope John Paul II in 1998, advocates Sunday legislation in that it protects civil servants and workers;
9983-640: The 1940s, the calendar's use dates back to at least the 3rd millennium BCE in Western Mesopotamia and surrounding areas; it was used by the Canaanite tribes, thought by some to have been used by the Israelites prior to King Solomon , and related to the liturgical calendar of the Essenes at Qumran . Used well into the modern age, forms of it have been found in Nestorianism and among
10132-401: The 3rd and 4th Advent Sundays, as well as trading until 14.00 for Easter Saturday and Christmas Eve. In 2019, the restriction was extended, and trading was permitted solely on the last Sunday of the month, as well as Palm Sunday , the 3rd and 4th Advent Sundays, as well as trading until 14.00 for Easter Saturday and Christmas Eve. From 2020, stores may only be open on seven Sundays in
10281-399: The 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th as "holy-days", also called "evil days" (meaning "unsuitable" for prohibited activities). On these days officials were prohibited from various activities and common men were forbidden to "make a wish", and at least the 28th was known as a "rest-day". On each of them, offerings were made to a different god and goddess. Tablets from the 6th-century BCE reigns of Cyrus
10430-590: The Charter because it did not have a religious purpose. Nonetheless, as of today, virtually all provincial Sunday closing laws have ceased to exist. Some were struck down by provincial courts, but most were simply abrogated, often due to competitive reasons where out-of-province or foreign merchants were open. In the United States, judges have defended blue laws "in terms of their secular benefit to workers", holding that "the laws were essential to social well-being". In 1896, Supreme Court Justice Stephen Johnson Field , opined with regard to Sunday blue laws: Its requirement
10579-402: The Christian Sabbath tradition. In the Kingdom of Tonga , the Vavaʻu Code (1839) was a form of blue law inspired by the teachings of Methodist missionaries . With the inauguration of the Tongan Constitution on June 4, 1875, the sixth clause stipulates: "The Sabbath Day shall be kept holy in Tonga and no person shall practise his trade or profession or conduct any commercial undertaking on
10728-542: The Essene Jewish calendar revealing the first sabbath of the month of Nisan being on the 4th day 3 days after the new moon and kept every 7 days for the rest of the year. While some of the writings at the Dead Sea sect or Qumran state the 4th day, other writings such as HaYubilim XLIV:1 or The Jubilees 44:1 mention the seventh day of the 3rd moon a sacrifice takes place and Yaakob stays seven days later because travel
10877-459: The Great and Cambyses indicate these dates were sometimes approximate. The lunation of 29 or 30 days basically contained three seven-day weeks , and a final week of nine or ten days inclusive, breaking the continuous seven-day cycle. The Babylonians additionally celebrated the 19th as a special "evil day", the "day of anger", because it was roughly the 49th day of the (preceding) month, completing
11026-546: The Israelites' deliverance from Egypt ( Deuteronomy 5:12–15 ). However, most Sabbath-keeping Christians regard the Sabbath as having been instituted by God at the end of Creation week and that the entire world was then, and continues to be, obliged to observe the seventh day as Sabbath. Observance in the Hebrew Bible was universally from sixth-day sundown to seventh-day sundown on a seven-day week . The Sabbath
11175-461: The LDS church attend sacrament meeting each week. Other Sabbath-day activities may include: praying, meditating, studying the scriptures and the teachings of latter-day prophets, writing letters to family members and friends, reading wholesome material, visiting the sick and distressed, and attending other Church meetings. The Quran shares the six-part Abrahamic creation narrative (32:4, 50:38) and
11324-466: The Most High. Latter-day Saints believe this means performing no labor that would keep them from giving their full attention to spiritual matters (Ex. 20:10). LDS prophets have described this as meaning they should not shop, hunt, fish, attend sports events, or participate in similar activities on that day. Elder Spencer W. Kimball wrote in his The Miracle of Forgiveness that mere idle lounging on
11473-690: The North Dakota Catholic Conference in 2011 likewise maintained that blue laws, in accordance with the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church , "ensure that, for reasons of economic productivity, citizens are not denied time for rest and divine worship". Similarly, Chief Justice Earl Warren , while recognizing the partial religious origin of blue laws, acknowledged the "secular purpose they served by providing
11622-581: The Roman names of the planets were given to each successive day. Germanic peoples seem to have adopted the week as a division of time from the Romans, but they changed the Roman names into those of corresponding Teutonic deities . Hence, the dies Solis became Sunday (German, Sonntag ). The English noun Sunday derived sometime before 1250 from sunedai , which itself developed from Old English (before 700) Sunnandæg (literally meaning "sun's day"), which
11771-526: The Sabbath Day except according to law; and any agreement made or witnessed on that day shall be null and void and of no legal effect." Sunday For most Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection; in the United States , Canada , Japan , as well as in parts of South America , Sunday is the first day of
11920-472: The Sabbath also exist in other religions. The term may be generally used to describe similar weekly observances in other religions. Sabbath (as the verb שָׁבַת֙ shabbat ) is first mentioned in the Genesis creation narrative , where the seventh day is set aside as a day of rest (in Hebrew, shabbat ) and made holy by God ( Genesis 2:2–3 ). Observation and remembrance of Sabbath ( Hebrew : שַׁבָּת shabbat )
12069-545: The Sabbath as the seventh day ( yaum as-Sabt : 2:65, 4:47, 154, 7:163, 16:124), but God's mounting the throne after creation is taken in contradistinction to Elohim 's concluding and resting from his labors. The Quran states that since Sabbath was only for Jews, Muslims replace Sabbath rest with jumu'ah ( Arabic : جمعة ). Also known as "Friday prayer", jumu'ah is a congregational prayer ( salat ) held every Friday (the Day of Assembly), just after midday, in place of
12218-461: The Sabbath does not keep the day holy, and that it calls for constructive thoughts and acts. Members of the Church are encouraged to prepare their meals with "singleness of heart" on the Sabbath (D&C 59:13) and believe the day is only for righteous activities (Is. 58:13.) In most areas of the world, this means worship on Sunday, though there is adaptation for Israel and many majority-Muslim countries. In harmony with this revelation, members of
12367-569: The Sabbath on Saturday. First-day Sabbatarians , including Christians of the Methodist , Baptist and Reformed ( Presbyterian and Congregationalist ) traditions, observe Sunday as the sabbath , a day devoted to the worship of God at church (the attendance of Sunday School , a service of worship in the morning and evening), as well as a day of rest (meaning that people are free from servile labour and should refrain from trading, buying and selling except when necessary). For most Christians
12516-517: The Sabbath on Saturdays. In 321 AD, Roman emperor Constantine the Great enacted the first civil law regarding Sunday observance. The law did not mention the Sabbath by name, but referred to a day of rest on "the venerable day of the sun." On the venerable day of the sun let the magistrate and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. In the country however, persons engaged in agricultural work may freely and lawfully continue their pursuits; because it often happens that another day
12665-782: The Soviets mandated a six-day week, with state rest days for all upon the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, and 30th of each Gregorian month , as well as upon March 1. This also necessitated varying weeks of five to seven days over the year. Among many calendar reform proposals that eliminate the constant seven-day week in exchange for simplified calculation of calendrical data like weekday names for given dates, some retain Sabbatical influences. The Hermetic Lunar Week Calendar uses moon phases , resulting in weeks of six to nine days. The International Fixed Calendar and World Calendar both use 364-day years containing exactly 52 weeks (each starting on
12814-506: The Summer Wine was shown on Sundays for many years until it ended in 2010. On Sundays, BBC Radio 2 plays music in styles which it once regularly played but which are now rarely heard on the station, with programmes such as Elaine Paige on Sunday and Sunday Night is Music Night although more contemporary styles now make up a higher percentage of the station's Sunday output than previously; for example, Kendrick Lamar received
12963-590: The United Kingdom, there is a Sunday tradition of chart shows on BBC Radio 1 and commercial radio ; this originates in the broadcast of chart shows and other populist material on Sundays by Radio Luxembourg when the Reithian BBC 's Sunday output consisted largely of solemn and religious programmes. The first Sunday chart show was broadcast on the Light Programme on 7 January 1962, which
13112-692: The United States held in its landmark case, McGowan v. Maryland (1961), that Maryland 's blue laws violated neither the Free Exercise Clause nor the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution . It approved the state's blue law restricting commercial activities on Sunday, noting that while such laws originated to encourage attendance at Christian churches ,
13261-722: The United States restrict the purchase of particular items on Sundays. Some of these laws restrict the ability to buy cars, groceries, office supplies, and housewares among other things. Though most of these laws have been relaxed or repealed in most states, they are still enforced in some other states. In Texas, for example, blue laws prohibited selling housewares such as pots, pans, and washing machines on Sunday until 1985. In Colorado , Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Louisiana , Maine , Minnesota , Missouri , Oklahoma , New Jersey , North Dakota , Pennsylvania , and Wisconsin , car dealerships continue to operate under blue-law prohibitions in which an automobile may not be purchased or traded on
13410-449: The United States, the Supreme Court has upheld blue laws as constitutional , recognizing their religious origins but are supported by secular justifications. This has resulted to the provision of a day of rest for the general population. Meanwhile, various state courts have struck down the laws as either unenforceable or in violation of their states' constitutions. In response, state legislators have re-enacted certain Sunday laws to satisfy
13559-565: The assembly or potentially killed ( Exodus 31:15 ). Jewish Shabbat ( Shabbath , Shabbes , Shobos , etc.) is a weekly day of rest, observed from sundown on Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night. Thirty-nine activities prohibited on Shabbat are listed in Tractate Shabbat (Talmud) . Customarily, Shabbat is ushered in by lighting candles shortly before sunset, at halakhically calculated times that change weekly and geographically. Shabbat
13708-464: The cause of this ordinance; for the sacred historian says, that the world was created in six days, and that on the seventh day God desisted from his works, and began to contemplate what he had so beautifully created; (98) therefore, he commanded the beings also who were destined to live in this state, to imitate God in this particular also, as well as in all others, applying themselves to their works for six days, but desisting from them and philosophising on
13857-662: The colonies. The first known example of the phrase "blue laws" in print was in the March 3, 1755, edition of the New-York Mercury , in which the writer imagines a future newspaper praising the revival of "our [Connecticut's] old Blue Laws ". In his 1781 book General History of Connecticut , the Reverend Samuel Peters (1735–1826) used the phrase to describe numerous laws adopted by 17th-century Puritans that prohibited various activities on Sunday, recreational as well as commercial. Beyond that, Peters' book
14006-498: The constitutionality of Pennsylvania's Sunday law. As in cases in other states, litigants pointed to the provisions of state constitutions protecting religious liberty and maintained that Sunday laws were a blatant violation. Though typically unsuccessful (most state supreme courts upheld the constitutionality of Sunday laws), these constitutional challenges helped set a pattern by which subsequent minorities would seek to protect religious freedom and minority rights. The Supreme Court of
14155-483: The contemporary Maryland laws were intended to serve "to provide a uniform day of rest for all citizens" on a secular basis and to promote the secular values of "health, safety, recreation, and general well-being" through a common day of rest. That this day coincides with Christian Sabbath is not a bar to the state's secular goals; it neither reduces its effectiveness for secular purposes nor prevents adherents of other religions from observing their own holy days. McGowan
14304-498: The correcting of such errors as have been committed through carelessness, and to the guarding against any similar offences being hereafter repeated. "High Sabbaths" are observed by Jews and some Christians. Seven annual Biblical festivals, called miqra ("called assembly") in Hebrew and "High Sabbath" in English and serving as supplemental testimonies to Sabbath, are specified in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy ; they do not necessarily fall on weekly Sabbath. Three occur in spring:
14453-464: The correlation with "middle", "four", and "five" are not evident to Hungarian speakers. Hungarians use Vasárnap for Sunday, which means "market day". In the Maltese language , due to its Siculo-Arabic origin, Sunday is called Il-Ħadd , a corruption of wieħed , meaning "one". Monday is It-Tnejn , meaning "two". Similarly, Tuesday is It-Tlieta (three), Wednesday is L-Erbgħa (four), and Thursday
14602-457: The country, however, persons engaged in agriculture may freely and lawfully continue their pursuits; because it often happens that another day is not so suitable for grain-sowing or vine-planting; lest by neglecting the proper moment for such operations the bounty of heaven should be lost. Despite the official adoption of Sunday as a day of rest by Constantine, the seven-day week and the nundinal cycle continued to be used side by side until at least
14751-474: The custom and obligation of Sunday rest is not as strict. A minority of Christians do not regard the day they attend church as important, so long as they attend. There is considerable variation in the observance of Sabbath rituals and restrictions, but some cessation of normal weekday activities is customary. Many Christians today observe Sunday as a day of church attendance. In Roman Catholic liturgy, Sunday begins on Saturday evening. The evening Mass on Saturday
14900-653: The day commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ , i.e. The Lord's Day . The name is similar in the Romance languages . In Italian, Sunday is called domenica , which also means "Lord's Day" (from Latin Dies Dominica ). One finds similar cognates in French, where the name is dimanche , as well as Romanian duminică , and in Spanish and Portuguese, domingo . In Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, Sunday
15049-523: The day of rest and festivity in France. From 1929 to 1931, the Soviet Union mandated a five-day week in which each day designated by color as a state rest day for a different 20% of the workforce; members of the same family did not usually have the same rest day. Three weeks each year were longer (six or seven days instead of five), because those weeks were interrupted by holidays. From 1931 to 1940,
15198-520: The day of the Sun, is derived from Hellenistic astrology , where the seven planets – known in English as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury and the Moon – each had an hour of the day assigned to them, and the planet which was regent during the first hour of any day of the week gave its name to that day. During the 1st and 2nd centuries, the week of seven days was introduced into Rome from Egypt , and
15347-474: The daytime except for the nationally televised Sunday Night Baseball matchup. Certain historically religious cities such as Boston and Baltimore among others will schedule games no earlier than 1:35 PM to ensure time for people who go to religious service in the morning can get to the game in time. In the United States, professional American football in the National Football League
15496-429: The early puritan days, which forbade secular activities on Sunday and were rigidly enforced. Some public activities are still regulated by these blue laws in the 21st century. In 1985, twenty-two states in which religious fundamentalism remained strong maintained general restrictions on Sunday behavior. In Oklahoma, for example, it is stated: "Oklahoma's statutes state that "acts deemed useless and serious interruptions of
15645-739: The early third century, Christians have often considered that some thousand-year Sabbath, expected to begin six thousand years after Creation, might be identical with the millennium described in the Book of Revelation . This view was also popular among 19th- and 20th-century dispensational premillennialists . The term "Sabbatism" or "Sabbatizing" (Greek Sabbatismos ), which generically means any literal or spiritual Sabbath-keeping, has also been taken in Hebrews 4:9 to have special reference to this definition. Some modern Christians uphold Sabbath principles but do not limit observance to either Saturday or Sunday, instead advocating rest on any one chosen day of
15794-573: The empty moon days, called "un-time" or "non-days"; childbirth during these days was considered unlucky. The Cherokee new year , the "great new moon" or "Hunting Moon", is the first new moon in autumn , after the setting of the Pleiades star cluster and around the time of the Leonids meteoric shower. One folk tradition in English is the widespread use of "Sabbath" as a synonym of midnight-to-midnight "Saturday" (literally, Saturn 's day in at least
15943-610: The esbat to include the dark moon and the first and last quarters. "Esbat" and "sabbat" are distinct and are probably not cognate terms, although an esbat is also called "moon sabbat". European records from the Middle Ages to the 17th century or later also place Witches' Sabbaths on similar dates to sabbats in modern Wicca, but with some disagreement; medieval reports of sabbat activity are generally not firsthand and may be imaginative, but many persons were accused of, or tried for, taking part in sabbats. The Unification Church has
16092-405: The families gather together to celebrate the rest day, all electricity with the exception of minimal lighting (kept on the entire day) in the house is disconnected, no work is done, neither is cooking or driving allowed. The time is devoted to worship which consists of seven prayer services (divided into two for Sabbath eve, two in the morning, one in afternoon and one at eve of conclusion), reading
16241-574: The first (previously second) and fourth (previously third) Sundays in September always playing host to the All-Ireland hurling and football championship finals, respectively. Sabbath In Abrahamic religions , the Sabbath ( / ˈ s æ b ə θ / ) or Shabbat (from Hebrew שַׁבָּת Šabbāṯ ) is a day set aside for rest and worship. According to the Book of Exodus , the Sabbath
16390-509: The first and seventh days of Pesach ( Passover ), and Shavuot ( Pentecost ). Four occur in fall, in the seventh month, and are also called Shabbaton : Rosh Hashanah ( Trumpets ); Yom Kippur , "Sabbath of Sabbaths" ( Atonement ); and the first and eighth days of Sukkoth ( Tabernacles ). "High Sabbaths" is also often a synonym of " High Holy Days ", viz., Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Shmita ( Hebrew : שמטה , Strong's 8059 as sh mittah , literally "release"), also called sabbatical year,
16539-416: The first day - Saturday - is denoted as day zero. The ancient Romans traditionally used the eight-day nundinal cycle , a market week, but in the time of Augustus in the 1st century AD, a seven-day week also came into use. In the gospels , the women are described as coming to the empty tomb " εις μια των σαββατων ", which literally means "toward the first of the sabbath" and is often translated "on
16688-518: The first day of the week". Justin Martyr , in the mid-2nd century, mentions "memoirs of the apostles" as being read on "the day called that of the sun" (Sunday) alongside the "writings of the prophets." On 7 March 321, Constantine I , Rome's first Christian emperor, decreed that Sunday would be observed as the Roman day of rest: On the venerable Day of the Sun let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. In
16837-547: The followers of God in the Old Testament . Sunday in Mandaeism is called Habshaba ( Habšaba ). Mandaeans perform communal masbuta (baptism) every Sunday. In the United States and Canada, most government offices are closed on both Saturday and Sunday. The practice of offices closing on Sunday in government and in some rural areas of the United States stem from a system of blue laws . Blue laws were established in
16986-484: The growth of trees or plants; additionally, whatever fruits grow of their own accord during that year are deemed hefker (ownerless), not for the landowner but for the poor, the stranger, and the beasts of the field; these fruits may be picked by anyone. A variety of laws also apply to the sale, consumption and disposal of Shmita produce. When the year ended, all debts, except those of foreigners, were to be remitted ( Deuteronomy 15:1–11 ); in similar fashion, Torah requires
17135-580: The impact of vanishing blue laws could be larger. A study in New Mexico in 2006 found a sharp increase in drunken driving on Sundays after that state dropped its Sunday ban on packaged alcohol sales. A broader study published by MIT and Notre Dame economists in 2008 found that the repeal of blue laws led to decreased church attendance, decreased donations to churches, and increased alcohol and drug use among religious individuals. These wide-ranging effects cannot easily be pinpointed to specific causes, but one of
17284-487: The importance of Shabbat in the event or program. . In Eastern Christianity , the Sabbath is considered still to be on Saturday , the seventh day, in remembrance of the Hebrew Sabbath. In Catholicism and most branches of Protestantism, the " Lord's Day " (Greek Κυριακή) is considered to be on Sunday, the first day (and "eighth day"). Communal worship, including the Holy Mysteries, may take place on any day, but
17433-510: The international workweek. China adopted it in 1995 and Hong Kong by 2006. Businesses in India and some other countries might follow either the international workweek or a more traditional plan that is nearly the same but includes half a day of work on Saturday. While Indonesia and Lebanon have the international workweek, in most Muslim countries Friday is the weekend, alone or with Thursday (all or half) or Saturday. Some universities permit
17582-555: The latter study's authors, Daniel Hungerman, suggested to Christianity Today that blue laws might have been fulfilling their original intent, to keep people pious. Beginning in the mid-19th century, religious and ethno-cultural minorities arrested for violating state and local blue laws appealed their convictions to state supreme courts. In Specht v. Commonwealth (Pa. 1848), for example, German Seventh Day Baptists in Pennsylvania employed attorney Thaddeus Stevens to challenge
17731-674: The mind with its holiday. Day of the Vow or Dingane 's Day ( Afrikaans Geloftedag or Dingaansdag , December 16) was the name of a religious public holiday in South Africa commemorating a famous Boer victory over the Zulu . Celebrated as annual Sabbath (a holy day of thanksgiving) since 1838, it was renamed Day of Reconciliation in 1994. The anniversary and its commemoration are intimately connected with various streams of Afrikaner and South African nationalism. Since Hippolytus of Rome in
17880-485: The month with respect to the Thai solar calendar , so common Thai calendars incorporate Thai and Chinese calendar lunar dates, as well as Uposatha dates, for religious purposes. The first day of the new moon , beginning at sunrise, is a holiday of quiet reflection and prayer among the Cherokee . Monthly fasting is encouraged, for up to four days. Work, cooking, sex and childbirth were also prohibited during
18029-499: The names of the days Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday ( Greek : Δευτέρα , Greek : Τρίτη , Greek : Τετάρτη , and Greek : Πέμπτη ) mean “second”, “third”, “fourth”, and “fifth”, respectively. This leaves Sunday in the first position of the week count. Similarly in Portuguese , where the days from Monday to Friday are counted as "segunda-feira", "terça-feira", "quarta-feira", "quinta-feira" and "sexta-feira". In Vietnamese,
18178-489: The non-working days are Saturday and Sunday, and in that case "the weekend" is often considered to begin when Friday's workday ends. This five-day workweek arose in America when labor unions attempted to accommodate Jewish Sabbath, beginning at a New England cotton mill and also instituted by Henry Ford in 1926; it became standard in America by about 1940 and spread among English-speaking and European countries to become
18327-628: The otherwise daily dhuhr prayer; The Quran states: "When the call is proclaimed to prayer on Friday, hasten earnestly to the Remembrance of Allah, and leave off business: That is best for you if ye but knew" (62:9). The next verse ("When the prayer is ended, then disperse in the land ...") leads many Muslims not to consider Friday a rest day, as in Indonesia , which regards the seventh-day Sabbath as unchanged; but many Muslim countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh , do consider Friday
18476-513: The red emblem of British royalty. Other explanations have been offered. One of the most widely circulated is that early blue laws adopted in Connecticut were printed on blue paper. However, no copies have been found that would support this claim and it is not deemed credible. A more plausible explanation, one that is gaining general acceptance, is that the laws adopted by Puritans were aimed at enforcing morality and thus were "blue-nosed", though
18625-781: The repose and religious liberty of the community," such as trades, manufacturing, mechanical employment, horse racing, and gaming are forbidden. Public selling of commodities other than necessary foods and drinks, medicine, ice, and surgical and burial equipment, and other necessities can legally be prohibited on Sunday. In Oklahoma, a fine not to exceed twenty-five dollars may be imposed on individuals for each offense." Because of these blue laws, many private sector retail businesses open later and close earlier on Sunday or do not open at all. Many countries, particularly in Europe such as Sweden, France, Germany and Belgium, but also in other countries such as Peru , hold their national and local elections on
18774-710: The restrictions. Some very large shops (e.g. department stores) open for longer than six hours on a Sunday by allowing customers in to browse 30 minutes prior to allowing them to make a purchase, since the six-hour restriction only applies to time during which the shop may make sales. Christmas Day and Easter Sunday are non-trading days. This applies even to garden centres, which earlier had been trading over Easter, but not to small shops (those with an area of below 280 square metres; 3000 sq. ft.). Prior to 1996, shops were generally closed on Sundays. A new law regarding opening times changed that and leaves that decision mostly up to local municipalities. The Zondagswet ("Sunday law"),
18923-494: The rulings while allowing some of the other statutes to remain on the books with no intention to enforce them. The Roman Emperor Constantine promulgated the first known law regarding prohibition of Sunday labour for apparent religion-associated reasons in A.D. 321: On the venerable Day of the Sun let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. The earliest laws in North America addressing Sunday activities and public behavior were enacted in
19072-465: The sacred seventh day, that it may be passed in a sacred and holy manner. Now some states keep the holy festival only once in the month, counting from the new moon, as a day sacred to God; but the nation of the Jews keep every seventh day regularly, after each interval of six days; (97) and there is an account of events recorded in the history of the creation of the world, constituting a sufficient relation of
19221-456: The secular values of "health, safety, recreation, and general well-being" through a common day of rest, and that this day coinciding with majority Christian Sabbath neither reduces its effectiveness for secular purposes nor prevents adherents of other religions from observing their own holy days. Massachusetts , uncharacteristically, does not specify which day of the week its "Day of Rest" statute applies to, providing only that one day off from work
19370-579: The seventh day as the Christian day of worship except for the Christians in Rome and Alexandria. Many Sabbatarian Judeo-Christian groups were attested during the Middle Ages. The Waldensians , a religious group founded during the 12th century, are regarded as one of the first Post-Constantinian Christian groups to observe the seventh-day Sabbath. The Szekler Sabbatarians were founded in 1588 from among
19519-434: The seventh day, and devoting their leisure to the contemplation of the things of nature, and considering whether in the preceding six days they have done anything which has not been holy, bringing their conduct before the judgment-seat of the soul, and subjecting it to a scrutiny, and making themselves give an account of all the things which they have said or done; the laws sitting by as assessors and joint inquirers, in order to
19668-411: The spring being for the perfection of what is being sown, and the one which falls in autumn being a feast of thanksgiving for the bringing home of all the fruits which the trees have produced. And seven days have very appropriately been appointed to the seventh month of each equinox, so that each month might receive an especial honour of one sacred day of festival, for the purpose of refreshing and cheering
19817-679: The state blue law that requires car dealerships to close either Saturday or Sunday each weekend. Blue laws also exist in the Polynesian islands of Cook Islands and Niue . In the Cook Islands, these were the first written legislation, enacted by the London Missionary Society in 1827, with the consent of the ariki (chiefs). Laws in Niue ban certain activities on Sunday, reflecting the country's history of observing
19966-467: The sun"), which is a translation of the ancient Greek Ἥλίου ημέρα" ( Hēlíou hēméra ). In most Indian languages , the word for Sunday is derived from Sanskrit Ravivāra or Adityavāra — vāra meaning day and Aditya and Ravi both being names for Surya , the Sun and the solar deity. Ravivāra is the first day cited in Jyotisha , which provides logical reason for giving the name of each weekday. In
20115-498: The term Shabbaton or Shaboson may mean an event or program of education and usually celebration held on Shabbat , or over an entire weekend with main focus on Shabbat . Such events are held by youth groups, singles groups, synagogues, schools, social groups, charitable groups or family reunions, can be either multi-generational and wide-open or limited-group, and can be held where a group usually meets or offsite. " Shabbaton ", rather than just " retreat ", signifies recognition of
20264-642: The term "blue" may have been used in the vernacular of the times as a synonym for puritanism itself, in effect, overly strict. As Protestant moral reformers organized the Sabbath reform in 19th-century America, calls for the enactment and enforcement of stricter Sunday laws developed. Numerous Americans were arrested for working, keeping an open shop, drinking alcohol, traveling, and engaging in recreational activities on Sundays. Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley write that throughout their existence, organizations advocating first-day Sabbatarianism , such as
20413-696: The time of the Septuagint , the term "Sabbath" ( Greek Sabbaton , Strong's 4521 ) also came to mean an entire " se'nnight " or seven-day week, the interval between two weekly Sabbaths. Jesus 's parable of the Pharisee and the Publican ( Luke 18:9–14 ) describes the Pharisee as fasting "twice a week" ( Greek dis tou sabbatou , literally, "Twice of the Sabbath"). Philo of Alexandria states in Decalogue XX. (96) The fourth commandment has reference to
20562-558: The week as following the spirit of Sabbath, or advocating Sabbath as instead a symbolic metaphor for rest in Christ. These look upon Sabbath as a principle to be observed in spirit rather than in letter, regarding the rest offered in Jesus as the only New Testament admonishment containing the root word of "Sabbath" ( Matthew 11:28 ) and sometimes as a more permanent rest than a day could fulfill ( Hebrews 4:9 ). In 1831, Joseph Smith published
20711-538: The week. According to the Islamic calendar , Hebrew calendar and traditional calendars (including Christian calendars) Sunday is the first day of the week; Quaker Christians call Sunday the "first day" in accordance with their testimony of simplicity . The International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601 , which is based in Switzerland , calls Sunday the seventh day of the week. The name "Sunday",
20860-418: The weekly Torah portion (According to the Samaritan yearly Torah cycle), spending quality time with family, taking meals, rest and sleep, and within the community visiting each other is encouraged. Shabbat candles are not used in Samaritan custom and would be considered a violation of the biblical commandment of "You shall not kindle fire". By synecdoche (naming the whole for a part), in Jewish sources by
21009-461: The word for Sunday is Воскресенье ( Voskreseniye ) meaning "resurrection" (that is, the day of a week which commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ ). In Old Russian, Sunday was also called неделя ( nedelya ), "free day", or "day with no work", but in the contemporary language this word means "week". The Modern Greek word for Sunday, Κυριακή , is derived from Κύριος ( Kyrios , Lord) also, due to its liturgical significance as
21158-441: The working days in the week are named as: Thứ Hai (Second), Thứ Ba (Third), Thứ Tư (Fourth), Thứ Năm (Fifth), Thứ Sáu (Sixth), and Thứ Bảy (Seventh). Sunday is called "Chủ Nhật"( chữ Hán : 主日) meaning “ Lord's Day ”. Some colloquial text in the south of Vietnam and from the church may use a different reading of "Chúa Nhật"(in contemporary Vietnamese, "Chúa" means God or Lord and "Chủ" means own). In German, Wednesday
21307-473: The year: Palm Sunday , the 3rd and 4th Advent Sundays, the last Sunday of January, April, June and August as well as trading until 14.00 for Easter Saturday and Christmas Eve. As a result of restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic , the 2nd Advent Sunday was later added as a shopping day. The Lord's Day Act , which since 1906 had prohibited business transactions from taking place on Sundays,
21456-593: Was but one of four Sunday closing cases decided together by the Court in May 1961. In Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Mass., Inc. , the Court ruled against a Kosher deli that closed on Saturday but was open on Sunday. The other two cases were Braunfeld v. Brown , and Two Guys from Harrison-Allentown, Inc. v. McGinley . Chief Justice Earl Warren declared that "the State seeks to set one day apart from all others as
21605-542: Was changed to huan or xún (every tenth day) in the Tang dynasty (618–907). The reform calendar of the French Revolution was used from 1793 to 1805. It used ten-day weeks, contained in twelve months of three weeks each; the five or six extra days needed to approximate the tropical year were placed at the end of the year and did not belong to any month. The tenth day of each week, décadi , replaced Sunday as
21754-404: Was considered a day of joy, and an occasion for consultation with prophets. Sabbath corporate worship was not prescribed for the community at large, and the Sabbath activities at the shrines were originally a convocation of priests for the purpose of offering divine sacrifices, with family worship and rest being centered in homes. Originally, Sabbath-breakers were officially to be cut off from
21903-611: Was considered a radical step at the time. BBC Radio 1's chart show moved to Fridays in July 2015 but a chart update on Sundays was launched in July 2019. Period or older-skewing television dramas, such as Downton Abbey , Call the Midwife , Lark Rise to Candleford and Heartbeat are commonly shown on Sunday evenings in the UK; the first of these was Dr Finlay's Casebook in the 1960s. Similarly, Antiques Roadshow has been shown on Sundays on BBC1 since 1979 and Last of
22052-508: Was declared unconstitutional in the 1985 case R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. Calgary police officers witnessed several transactions at the Big M Drug Mart, all of which occurred on a Sunday. Big M was charged with a violation of the Lord's Day Act . A provincial court ruled that the Lord's Day Act was unconstitutional, but the Crown proceeded to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada . In
22201-697: Was otherwise invisible. The annual cycle of the Earth's seasons is called the Wheel of the Year in Wicca and neopaganism . Eight sabbats (occasionally "sabbaths", or "Sun sabbats") are spaced at approximately even intervals throughout the year. Samhain , which coincides with Halloween , is considered the first sabbat of the year. An esbat is a ritual observance of the full moon in Wicca and neopaganism. Some groups extend
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